1.

0 FIELD ASSESSMENT FINDINGS

1.1. STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
Khilgaon Govt. High School (Building ID: 4677271418-Sub-Sub) is a Four storied building with
approximately 2269 sqm at ground level. Constructed by local practices in 1990. Based the
current status of the structure it can be conclude that the structure was not built using
engineering codes and/or practices. The structure height is about 7.34m from plinth to roof
top, ground floor height is 3.82m & 1st floor height is 3.52m.
The building is used as a school at Motijhil Govt. Colony, Paltan Thana, Dhaka. The number
of occupants of the building is unknown.
The structure lateral force resistance system is Moment Resisting Frame system. Floor
system consists of concrete beams and cast in place reinforced concrete slab. The non-
bearing walls are not supported by wall posts.

Figure 1: Structure outside view

The following information is acquired from the preliminary survey of the structures:
Table 1 Structure Description

Criteria Information
Year Built 1990
Number of stories 4 storied
Structures Plan dimension (m2) 93x60 m
Basement dimensions (m2) NA
Structure height (m) 7.34 m from Plinth to Roof Top
Foundation type Unknown
Non-structural Walls Brick wall
Floor Concrete Slab
Lateral bearing system Moment Resisting Frame system
Regularity Irregular

The site plan of facility is demonstrated in the following figure.

Figure 2: Site plan

According to the field work, the As-built architectural and structural drawings are developed
as followings:
 Figure 3: Ground floor plan

Figure 4: 1st floor plan

Figure 5: 2nd floor plan

Figure 6: 3rd floor plan

Figure 7: Roof floor plan

Figure 8: Building front elevation (East elevation)

Figure 91: Building south elevation

Figure 102: Building north elevation

Figure 11: Building west elevation

Figure 12: Ground floor column layout plan

Figure 13: 1st floor column layout plan

Figure 14: 2nd floor column layout plan

Figure 15: 3rd floor column layout plan

Figure 16: Roof floor column layout plan

Figure 17: 1st floor beam layout plan

 Figure 18: 2nd floor beam layout plan

Figure 19: 3rd floor beam layout plan

Figure 20: Roof floor beam layout plan

1.2. Photos from outside and inside of building

In accordance with field works, the following figures from the outside and inside of buildings
have been taken and presented as following:
Use 6 picture

Figure 213: View from outside

More than 50 pictures

Figure 22: View from inside

1.3. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ASSESSMENT AND TYPOLOGY

Wide variety of construction types and structural materials are used in urban and rural areas
of Bangladesh. These include local available materials such as semi-engineered materials
such as burnt brick and stone masonry, and engineered materials such as reinforced
concrete.

Load Bearing System

Field assessment findings shows that the lateral load bearing system is Moment Resisting
Frame system (c3). The size of columns in ground story is 250mm x 250mm at all corridor &
300mmX300mm at auditorium room. Three type beams identified in this building have cross
section 250mm x 275mm, 250mm x 500mm & 250mm x 875mm.
In the following figure, the condition of concrete beams and columns are illustrated.

8 pictures

Figure 22: Beam and Column Condition

Settlement
There is not any evidence addressed the settlement of foundation of building.
Reinforcement Detailing
One of the main problems associated with this building is the distance of stirrup of columns
which can lead to shear failure of building. In addition, the reinforcement ratio of columns
C1 type not satisfies the requirement of ACI-318.

Infill
Another problem is infill which can lead to short column especially around the windows &
corridor grill. In addition, the lintels are made of concrete beams and leads to short column.
Insert 4 Lintel Pictures
Figure 23: Lintel Details
Condition of Beams and Columns
Another main structural deficiency of the building is the condition of beams and columns.
Reinforcement is highly affected by moist and environmental agents. In addition, some
cracks in columns and beams are observed.
More than 30 Column Beam Crack Pictures
Figure 24: Column & Beam crack
Miscellaneous Items
Some slab found crack & dampness

More than 30 slab dampness Pictures

Figure 25: Slab crack & dampness

Studies show that structural bearing system has not enough strength to bear gravity loads.
In this regard, some permanent deformation in the structural elements has been observed.

1.4. CEILINGS/FLOORS/ROOF
Floor system consists of concrete beams and cast in place reinforced concrete slab.
Regarding to the thickness and aspect ratio of concrete slab, it can be supposed as rigid
diaphragm. The finishing details of floors and roof are also demonstrated in the following
figures.
Ceilings Picture 6

Figure 26: Concrete Slab

Floor Finish Picture 6
 Figure 27: Finishing Detail of Typical Floors

Roof Finishing Picture 6

Figure 28: Finishing Detail of Roof

1.5. SEPARATION JOINT

Based on the field observation, the separation joint width is about 20 ~ 50mm. this joint is filled with
flexible material. The separation joint of building between buildings has been depicted in the
following figure.

Separation Joint Pictures

Figure 294: Separation Joint

1.6. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING

The following irregularities have been investigated based on findings from survey.
Irregularity in plan:

1. Geometric Irregularity: Geometric irregularity is defined to exist where both plan

projections of the structure beyond a reentrant corner are greater than 20% of the
plan dimension of the structure in the given direction.
2. Out-of-Plane Offset Irregularity: Out-of-plane offset irregularity is defined to exist
where there is a discontinuity in a lateral force-resistance path, such as an out-of-
plane offset of at least one of the vertical elements.
3. Nonparallel System Irregularity: Nonparallel system irregularity is defined to exist
where vertical lateral force-resisting elements are not parallel to the major
orthogonal axes of the seismic force-resisting system.

Irregularity in Elevation:

1. Geometric Irregularity: Vertical geometric irregularity is defined to exist where the

horizontal dimension of the seismic force-resisting system in any story is more than
130% of that in an adjacent story.
2. Mass Irregularity: Weight (mass) irregularity is defined to exist where the difference
between the effective mass of any story and an adjacent story is more than 50%. A
roof that is lighter than the floor below need not be considered.
3. Discontinuity in Lateral Force-Resisting System Irregularity: In-plane discontinuity in
vertical lateral force-resisting elements irregularity is defined to exist where there is
an in-plane offset of a vertical seismic force-resisting element resulting in
overturning demands on a supporting beam, column, truss, or slab.

Based on the above definition, this building is an irregular building regarding geometric
irregularity in plan.
1.7. CONDITION OF FACADE

1.7.1. North Facade:

 Brick walls of 250mm thickness with cement mortar covering material.
 The covering material is the mix of local sand, cement & water, the thickness of
covering mortar plaster is around 50mm

1.7.2. East Facade:

 Brick walls of 250mm thickness with cement mortar covering material.
 The covering material is the mix of local sand, cement & water, the thickness of
covering mortar plaster is around 50mm

1.7.3. South Facade

 Brick walls of 250mm thickness with cement mortar covering material.
 The covering material is the mix of local sand, cement & water, the thickness of
covering mortar plaster is around 50mm

1.7.4. West Facade

 Brick walls of 250mm thickness with cement mortar covering material.
 The covering material is the mix of local sand, cement & water, the thickness of
covering mortar plaster is around 50mm

1.8. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS

1.8.1. Determination of reinforcement

The reinforcement arrangement of columns has been examined by Ferro-scan and the
results are depicted in the followings. The minimum reinforcement ratio of columns C1
type does not meet the minimum requirements of ACI318-14.

Also, the arrangement of stirrup is 10mm dia bar at 300mm c/c. the arrangement of
stirrup does not satisfy the requirement of ACI-318. Therefore, it seems that the
structure can be classified as Moment Resisting Frame system frame with low ductility.

The yield strength of reinforcement (fy) is not determined on the observations.

Also, based on the observation, the type of reinforcement is plain rebar.

Ferro scan has been performed on the 9 columns out of 72 columns.

Figure 30: Ferro scan point layout plan

1.8.2. Determination of concrete strength:
Existing concrete strength is determined as 85 percent of average strength obtained.
The following non-destructive testing methods are used to determine concrete strength.

Rebound Schmidt Hammer Test:

The Schmidt hammer test has been performed on the 18 columns. The results of
Schmidt hammer test have been summarized in the following table:

Existing concrete strength is 21.00 MPa determined as 85 percent of average strength &
standard deviation 10.66 obtained.

Hammer Test Report Picture

Figure 31: Rebound Schmidt Hammer

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test:

An ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test is an in-situ, nondestructive test to check the
quality of concrete. In this test, the strength and quality of concrete is assessed by
measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse passing through a concrete structure.

This test is conducted by passing a pulse of ultrasonic through concrete to be tested and
measuring the time taken by pulse to get through the structure. Higher velocities
indicate good quality and continuity of the material, while slower velocities may indicate
concrete with many cracks or voids.

The results of Ultrasonic test have been summarized in the following table:

Existing concrete strength is 21.00 MPa determined as 85 percent of average strength &
standard deviation 10.66 obtained.
UPC Co-relation Report Pictures
Figure 32: UPV Test
1.8.3. Determination of Knowledge Level
To account for uncertainty in the collection of as-built data, a knowledge factor, κ, shall
be used. The value of the factor is established from the knowledge obtained based on
access to original construction documents, or condition assessments including
destructive or non-destructive testing of representative components. The knowledge
factors given in Table 2 are applied to material capacities to reduce them.

Table 2- Knowledge Factor for Different Types of Buildings

Type of Buildings Masonry Concrete

Knowledge Factor 0.75 0.9