DESIGN OF ROOF SLAB

Design Constants
fc ' β
fc’ - 20.7 MPa ρ max = 0.3643( ¿
fy
fy - 276 MPa ρ max = 0.02322
kN 1.4
Wconcrete - 23.54 ρ min =
m3 fy
ρ min = 0.00507
Assumed Beam Section: 500 mm x 700 mm
Assumed Slab Thickness: 120 mm

Design Limits (One – Way Slabs)

Minimum thickness of solid non-prestressed one-way slabs (h), NSCP 2015 Table 407.3.1.1
Support condition Minimum thickness (h)
Simply supported L/20
One end continuous L/24
Both end continuous L/28
Cantilever L/10
For fy other than 420 Mpa, the expressions in Table 407.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by (0.4 +
fy/700).

Net Tensile Strain (εt) > 0.004 for non-prestressed slabs

According to NSCP 2015 Table 420.6.1.3.1 (Minimum Concrete Cover (cc) Cast-in-Place Non-
Prestressed Concrete Members)
A-1.) Concrete Clear Covering for Slabs not exposed to weather or in contact with ground (36
mm ϕ and smaller) - 20 mm

A-2) Larger than 36 mm ϕ - 40 mm

B-1) Concrete Exposed to weather or in contact with ground (16 mm ϕ and smaller)
- 40 mm

B-2) 19 ϕ mm bars and larger - 50 mm

Roof Slab: = 120 – 20 – 0.5(12)
Slab 1 (One end Continuous) = 94 mm

Considering 1m strip

S 3.5
= = 0.39 < 0.5 ∴ One-way Slab
L 9
Loadings
Dead Load
kN
Dead Load of Slab = 23.54 (0.12)(1)
Ceiling Frame - 1.1 kPa m3
Water Proofing - 0.05 kPa kN
= 2.825
m
Gypsum Board - 0.08 kPa
kN
Total Dead Load: 1.23 kPa DL = 1.23 + 2.825 = 4.055
m
Live Load kN
LL = 2.0 kPa (1 m) = 2.0
Deck - 2.0 kPa m
WU = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

Solution = 1.2(4.055) + 1.6(2.0)

Minimum thickness kN
WU = 8.066
m
fy
l(0.4+ )
h = 700
24 At Midspan:
276 1
= (
3500 0.4+
700 ) Mu =
14
(Wu) (L)2
24
1
Mu = (8.066) (3.5)2 = 7.058 kN-m
h = 115.833 mm 14
Try using h = 120 mm.
Assuming 12 mm ϕ to be use: Rn = Mu / Øbd2
Effective depth (d) = h – CC – 0.5(bar ϕ) = 7.058 (10002) / 0.9(1000) (942)
Rn = 0.8875 Mpa
Rn
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
20.7
)

0.8875
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
)
20.7 = 0.044

ω ( F c' )
ρ=
Fy
Checking:
0.044 ( 20.7 )
ρ= = 0.0033 < ρ min = 0.00507
276

Therefore, Use ρ min = 0.00507

As = ρbd
= 0.00507 (1000) (94) π
( 122 ) x 1000
Asactual = 4 = 491.73 mm2
As = 476.58 mm2
230
Using 12mm Ø bars,
π
( 122 ) x 1000 Assume Steel yields:
S= 4
476.58 As Fy 491.73(276)
a= ' =
S = 237.31mm say 230mm 0.85 F c b 0.85 ( 20.7 ) (1000)

ACI Specs: a = 7.7134mm

1. S < 3t c=a/β
230mm < 3(120) c = 7.7134 / 0.85 = 9.075 mm
230mm < 360mm Ok!
2. S < 450mm Check Strain:
230mm <450mm Ok! Et 0.003
=
94 mm−9.075 mm 9.075 mm
Et = 0.0281 (tension controls)

Fy 276
Ey = =
200,000 200,000
Ey = 0.00138
 Therefore, Use ρ min = 0.00507
Et > Ey ∴ Assumption is correct As = ρbd
a = 0.00507 (1000) (94)
MU = Ф (0.85) (fc’) (a)(b) (d – )
2
As = 476.58 mm2
MU =
7.7134 Using 12mm Ø bars,
(0.9)(0.85)(20.7)(7.7134)(1000)(94− )
2 π
2 ( 122 ) x 1000
1000 S= 4
476.58
MU = 11.011 kN-m > 7.058 kN-m
S = 237.31mm say 230mm
∴ Safe!
ACI Specs:
1. S < 3t
230mm < 3(120)
At Support: 230mm < 360mm Ok!
2. S < 450mm
1
Mu = (Wu) (L)2 230mm <450mm Ok!
10
1
Mu = (8.066) (3.5)2 = 9.881 kN-m
10 Checking:

Rn = Mu / Øbd2
= 9.881 (10002) / 0.9(1000)(942)
Rn = 1.2425 Mpa π
( 122 ) x 1000
Asactual = 4 = 491.73 mm2
230
Rn
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
20.7
) Assume Steel yields:
As Fy 491.73(276)
a= ' =
1.2425 0.85 F c b 0.85 ( 20.7 ) (1000)
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
)
20.7 = 0.0623 a = 7.7134mm
c=a/β
'
ω(Fc )
ρ= c = 7.7134 / 0.85 = 9.075 mm
Fy
0.0623 (20.7 ) Check Strain:
ρ= = 0.00467 < ρ min = 0.00507
276 Et 0.003
=
94 mm−9.075 mm 9.075 mm
Et = 0.0281 (tension controls) MU =
7.7134
(0.9)(0.85)(20.7)(7.7134)(1000)(94− )
2
Fy 276 10002
Ey = =
200,000 200,000
MU = 11.011 kN-m > 9.881 kN-m
Ey = 0.00138
∴ Safe!

Et > Ey ∴ Assumption is correct

a
MU = Ф (0.85) (fc’) (a)(b) (d – )
2

Temperature Bars:
As = 0.002bt
As = 0.002 (1000) (120)
As = 240 mm2
Using 10 mm Ф bars
π
( 10 2) x 1000
Spacing = 4
240
Spacing = 327.25 mm say 320 mm
Maximum Spacing Required by the Code:
1.) S = 5(t) = 5(120) = 600mm
2.) S = 450mm

Summary:
1. Use 12mm Ø Main Bars at Mid Span spaced @ 230mm O.C
2. Use 12mm Ø Main Bars at Support spaced @ 230mm O.C
3. Use 10mm Ø Temperature Bars spaced @ 320mm O.C

Detail:
Slab 2 (Two end Continuous)
Minimum thickness
fy
l(0.4+ )
h = 700
24
276
= (
1500 0.4+
700 )
24
49.64 mm

Loadings
Try using h = 120 mm.
Dead Load
Assuming 12 mm ϕ to be use:
Ceiling Frame - 1.1 kPa
Effective depth (d) = h – CC – 0.5(bar ϕ)
Water Proofing - 0.05 kPa
= 120 – 20 – 0.5(12)
Gypsum Board - 0.08 kPa
= 94 mm
Total Dead Load: 1.23 kPa
Live Load
Considering 1m strip
Deck - 2.0 kPa
Solution
 kN
Dead Load of Slab = 23.54 (0.12)(1)
m3
Therefore, Use ρ min = 0.00507
kN
= 2.825 As = ρbd
m
kN = 0.00507 (1000) (94)
DL = 1.23 + 2.825 = 4.055
m As = 476.58 mm2
kN Using 12mm Ø bars,
LL = 2.0 kPa (1 m) = 2.0
m
π
WU = 1.2DL + 1.6LL ( 122 ) x 1000
S= 4
= 1.2(4.055) + 1.6(2.0) 476.58

kN S = 237.31mm say 230mm

WU = 8.066
m ACI Specs:
1. S < 3t
At Midspan: 230mm < 3(120)
230mm < 360mm Ok!
1 2. S < 450mm
Mu = (Wu) (Ln)2
16 230mm <450mm Ok!
1
Mu = (8.066) (2.5)2 = 3.151 kN-m
16

Rn = Mu / Øbd2
= 3.151 (10002) / 0.9(1000) (942)
Rn = 0.396 MPa

Rn
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
20.7
)

0.396
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
)
20.7 = 0.0194

ω ( F c' )
ρ=
Fy
Checking:
0.0194 ( 20.7 )
ρ= = 0.00146 < ρ min = 0.00507
276
 Fy 276
Ey = =
200,000 200,000
Ey = 0.00138

π
( 122 ) x 1000 Et > Ey ∴ Assumption is correct
Asactual = 4 = 491.73 mm2
230
Assume Steel yields: a
MU = Ф (0.85) (fc’) (a)(b) (d – )
As Fy 491.73(276) 2
a= ' =
0.85 F c b 0.85 ( 20.7 ) (1000) MU =
7.7134
a = 7.7134mm (0.9)(0.85)(20.7)(7.7134)(1000)(94− )
2
c=a/β 10002
c = 7.7134 / 0.85 = 9.075 mm MU = 11.011 kN-m > 3.151 kN-m
Check Strain: ∴ Safe!
Et 0.003
=
94 mm−9.075 mm 9.075 mm
Et = 0.0281 (tension controls)
At Support:

ω ( F c' )
ρ=
1 Fy
Mu = (W ) (Ln)2
11 u 0.0283 (20.7 )
ρ= = 0.00212 < ρ min = 0.00507
1 276
Mu = (8.066) (2.5)2 = 4.583 kN-m
11
Rn = Mu / Øbd2 Therefore, Use ρ min = 0.00507
= 4.583 (10002) / 0.9(1000) (942) As = ρbd
Rn = 0.576 Mpa = 0.00507 (1000) (94)
Rn
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
20.7
) As = 476.58 mm2
Using 12mm Ø bars,
π
0.576 ( 122 ) x 1000
ω= √
1− 1−2.36(
1.18
)
20.7 = 0.0283
S= 4
476.58
S = 237.31mm say 230mm Et 0.003
=
94 mm−9.075 mm 9.075 mm
ACI Specs:
Et = 0.0281 (tension controls)
1. S < 3t
230mm < 3(120)
230mm < 360mm Ok!
Fy 276
2. S < 450mm Ey = =
200,000 200,000
230mm <450mm Ok!
Ey = 0.00138
Checking:
Et > Ey ∴ Assumption is correct
a
MU = Ф (0.85) (fc’) (a)(b) (d – )
2
MU =
π 7.7134
( 122 ) x 1000 (0.9)(0.85)(20.7)(7.7134)(1000)(94− )
Asactual = 4 = 491.73 mm2 2
230 10002
Assume Steel yields: MU = 11.011 kN-m > 4.583 kN-m
As Fy 491.73(276) ∴ Safe!
a= ' =
0.85 F c b 0.85 ( 20.7 ) (1000)
a = 7.7134mm
c=a/β
c = 7.7134 / 0.85 = 9.075 mm
Check Strain:
Temperature Bars:
As = 0.002bt
As = 0.002 (1000) (120)
As = 240 mm2
Using 10 mm Ф bars
π
( 10 2) x 1000
Spacing = 4
240
Spacing = 327.25 mm say 320 mm
Maximum Spacing Required by the Code:
 3.) S = 5(t) = 5(120) = 600mm
4.) S = 450mm

Summary:
4. Use 12mm Ø Main Bars at Mid Span spaced @ 230mm O.C
5. Use 12mm Ø Main Bars at Support spaced @ 230mm O.C
6. Use 10mm Ø Temperature Bars spaced @ 320mm O.C

Detail: