GMAT REVIW

Majed sarakbi
Arithmetic
Part two
 Fractions
• A fraction consists of a numerator and a denominator:
•  
• Proper fractions are those that fall between 0 and 1. In proper fractions,
the numerator is always smaller than the denominator. For example:
• Improper fractions are those that are greater than 1. In improper
fractions, the numerator is greater than the denominator. For example:
• Improper fractions can be rewritten as mixed numbers. A mixed number
is an integer and a proper fraction. For example: =1
• Adding the same number to both the numerator and the denominator
brings the fraction closer to 1, regardless of the fraction's value. For
example: proper : < <…1 , improper : > > …1
 Fractions
•• Simplifying
  Fractions:
– The process of simplifying is governed by one simple rule: multiplying or
dividing both the numerator and the denominator by the same number
does not change the value of the fraction:
– Example:
• Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions:
– In order to convert a mixed number into an improper fraction use the
following procedure:
• Multiply the whole number by the denominator and add the numerator.
• Now place the result number over the original denominator
– Example: 2 : 2x4+1=
 Fractions

•  Addition and subtraction of fractions :

• Multiplication :
• Division :
 Percents
• A percent can be represented as a fraction with a denominator of 100, or as a
•  
decimal : 37% = = 0.37
• 20% of 90 = 0.2 x 90 = 18
• 250% of 80 = 2.5 x 80 = 200
• 0.5% of 12 = 0.005 x 12 = 0.06
• Test your skills on these drills:
– 1. What is 7% of 50?
– 2. What is 40% of 30?
– 3. What is 75% of 20?
• If the price of an item increases from $24 to $30, what is the percent increase in
price?
• = 0.25 = 25%
 Percents
• Increasing or Decreasing from the Original
– Here are some common language cues for this concept:
• 10% increase = 110% of the original
• 10% greater than = 110% of the original
– If you decrease a number, then you subtract from 100%: 45% decrease = 55% of the
original
– 45% less than = 55% of the original
• Use this conversion to save steps on percent problems. For example:
– What number is 50% greater than 60?
– 50% greater than is the same as 150% of. Rewrite the question:
– What number is 150% of 60? Translate into an equation, using 1.5 to represent 150%:
– x = 1.5 × 60
– x = 90
 Ratio and Proportion
•• The ratio of the number a to the number b is :
 
• the ratio of 2 to 3 can be written as 2 to 3, 2:3, or
• A proportion is a statement that two ratios are equal :

• : 3n=24 : n=8
 Problem Set
• 1. A stereo was marked down by 30% and sold for $84. What was
the presale price of the stereo?
• 2. x is 40% of y. 50% of y is 40. 16 is what percent of x?
• 3. A bowl is half full of water. Four cups of water are then added to
the bowl, filling the bowl to 70% of its capacity. How many cups of
water are now in the bowl?
• 4. 800, increased by 50% and then decreased by 30%, yields what
number?
• 5. If 1,500 is increased by 20% and then reduced by y%, yielding
1,080, what is y?
 Solutions
• 1. 120
• 2. 50%
• 3. 14
• 4. 840
• 5. 40
Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 4
Problem 5
Problem 6
Problem 7
Problem 8
Problem 9
Problem 10
Problem 11