1.

General Discussion
A. Anna Karenina
● Author and Translator
● Importance of Translator
■ https://thebookerprizes.com/international/news/translated-fiction-cont
inues-grow
■ https://www.katha.org/awards/
■ https://frenchamerican.org/2020-translation-prize-winners/
■ https://www.ceatl.eu/category/translation-prizes
■ http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/sahitya_akademi_prize.jsp
2. Various Translations
Various Translations
3. Comparative analysis
★ Number of Pages: reduction/amplification
★ Cover style
★ Name of the translator(s)
★ Editions
★ Language
★ Translation of the Title
★ Literary genre/Fiction/Non-fiction
★ Gender of the Translator
★ Era of translation
★ Target reader
4. Actual Translation
❖ “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its
own way,” wrote Garnett.
❖ “All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own
way,” wrote Pevear and Volokhonsky
❖ Schwartz: “All happy families resemble one another; each unhappy
family is unhappy in its own way.”
❖ “Tous les bonheurs se ressemblent, mais chaque infortune a sa
physionomie particulière.” (1883-1896, traducteur inconnu)
5. Points that emerge
★ Who decides the final version? Editor or Translator or the author?→ Politics of
Translation
★ What influences the selection of the language? → Postcolonial Translation,
Culture in Translation, Cultural Turn, Politics of Translation, Promotion of
Languages
★ Selection of Work→Politics of Translation, Ideology-based translation: Feminist,
Subaltern, Maginalised, traget readership: Young-adult, children, grown-ups
★ Academic or Commercial
★ Register of the language→ Target readership
★ Type: Literary/Pragmatic, Intralingual, Interlingual, Intersemiotic