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Weaving It Together 3 and 4 Teachers Manual PDF
Weaving It Together 3 and 4 Teachers Manual PDF
Books 3 and 4
Weaving It Together
Connecting Reading and Writing
Third Edition
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Contents 3
4 To the Teacher
To the Teacher 5
Each chapter in Weaving It Together, Book 4, guide them to the main points of
follows a carefully designed sequence of the reading. (See the teaching hints
activities, which guides students through for suggested focus questions.) Set
the process of connecting reading to a time limit of about 3 minutes for
writing. Each chapter has two readings on students to find the answers quickly.
a related theme. The whole chapter takes b. Have students read the Vocabulary
approximately 3 hours of class time. in Context questions, work in
pairs to answer them, and then go
Reading 1 (45 minutes) back to the reading to check their
answers.
1. Chapter photo and What Do c. Have students work in pairs to
You Think? activity (5 minutes) answer the Vocabulary Building
questions and compare their
Use the chapter photo and pre-reading
answers as a group. Then have
questions to introduce the theme of
students work individually to write
the first reading. Activating students’
sentences for the Vocabulary in New
background knowledge of the topic
Context activity. Match students
will make the readings easier to
with a partner for peer editing. Then
understand.
elicit example sentences from pairs.
d. Have students read the general
2. Pre-Reading activity
comprehension questions (Looking
(10 minutes)
for the Main Ideas) and set a time
The pre-reading activity helps students limit of 3 minutes for a second
focus on the general theme of the reading of the passage. Then give
chapter. In Chapter 1, for example, the students 10 minutes to write the
activity is about other famous artists. answers or discuss them in pairs.
In Chapter 2, the activity focuses on Have them check the answers by
general knowledge about English referring back to the passage.
spelling. e. Give students a chance to search
for and guess the meaning of
3. Vocabulary and comprehension any unknown words. Then ask
questions (15 minutes) students to answer the detailed
To encourage rapid and effective comprehension questions
reading skills, you may wish to follow (Skimming and Scanning for
this pattern: Details) and the questions in the
section Making Inferences and
a. Ask students two or three easy
Drawing Conclusions, referring back
comprehension questions that
to the passage for the answers.
1. Content
a. Clear development of main idea 1 2 3 4 5
b. Sufficient and relevant supporting details 1 2 3 4 5
c. Original thinking about the topic 1 2 3 4 5
2. Organization
a. Correct organization of ideas into paragraphs
(or within a paragraph) 1 2 3 4 5
b. Logical sequence of ideas 1 2 3 4 5
c. Main points and supporting details clearly expressed 1 2 3 4 5
3. Vocabulary
a. Good range of vocabulary for this level 1 2 3 4 5
b. Appropriate choice of words for this level 1 2 3 4 5
4. Language Use
a. Correct use of grammar structures for this level 1 2 3 4 5
b. Few major errors (in such areas as subject-verb agreement,
word order, and tense) 1 2 3 4 5
c. Correct use of articles, nouns, and prepositions 1 2 3 4 5
d. Correct use of cohesive devices such as pronouns and
transition words 1 2 3 4 5
5. Mechanics
a. Correct spelling and use of punctuation and capitalization 1 2 3 4 5
b. Correct use of paragraph format 1 2 3 4 5
c. Good presentation (handwriting is legible; paper is neatly
prepared, with title, name, and class) 1 2 3 4 5
My Friends
CD 1
Track 1 1 Color Me Pink
The readings and activities in this unit messenger of the gods. The symbol on
describe some hidden meanings associated the top right represents poison. The
with certain colors and numbers. Some symbol on the lower left signifies peace.
of our beliefs about colors and numbers The one on the lower right signifies the
are thousands of years old. Here are some passage of time. The symbols in the
interesting facts about colors: middle refer to recycling and e-mail.
Have students think of some symbols
• The room where people wait before
that are used in their country. Then ask
appearing on TV shows is usually
students to define the word symbol. (A
painted green because studies have
symbol is something that expresses an
shown that the color green helps people
idea without using words.)
feel calm and relaxed.
• Ask students to stand up and form
• Yellow is the hardest color for the eye to
groups according to the main color of the
take in, and babies have been found to
clothing they are wearing that day. Point
cry more in rooms painted yellow.
out different parts of the room where
• Pink has been shown to tranquilize
those wearing mostly green, blue, pink,
people. Sports teams sometimes paint the
etc., can gather. Ask students to discuss
locker room used by the opposing team
among themselves how the color they
pink so that the team will lose energy.
are wearing makes them feel. After a few
minutes, invite the groups to share their
Warm-Up findings with the class.
You may start the lesson in one of these ways: • Write the following color names on the
board: black, white, green, yellow. Ask
• Have students look at the symbols different students to tell the class about
on the unit opener page. The symbol any special significance each color has
on the upper left—a rod entwined for people in their culture or for them
by a snake with a mortar and pestle personally. Compare the meanings each
and prescription symbol—signifies a color has for different cultural groups
pharmacy and medicine. The rod comes and individuals.
from the magic rod of Hermes, the Greek
16 Unit 1
Chapter 1 17
Writing Skills
Exercise B 1, p. 11
Exercise B 2, p. 12
1. c 2. a 3. a 4. c
Exercise B 3, p. 13
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. A person’s favorite color reveals
something about his or her personality.
2. Colors can have positive effects on
health. 3. A color wheel can help you
identify your favorite colors and their
healing aspects.
18 Unit 1
Chapter 2 19
20 Unit 1
II. Body
A. Topic sentence: 2. People believe that
they must protect themselves . . .
1. Support: 3. second sentence in
paragraph
2. Support: 4. third sentence in
paragraph
3. Support: 5. fourth sentence in
paragraph
Chapter 2 21
CD 1
Track 3 3 Thanksgiving—
Hawaiian Style
The readings and activities in Chapter 3 traditional clothes. Ask them to draw or
focus on some interesting holiday and describe clothes from their own cultures
festival customs in Hawaii and China. and traditions.
Chapter 4 presents information about • Ask each student to name her or his
some other holidays and describes a favorite holiday food. Group the students
frog-jumping contest that has become according to their choices. Have the
a California tradition. Here are some groups discuss the different ways this
interesting facts about customs around food can be prepared and present their
the world: results to the class.
• Have students make a list of facts they
• As part of the New Year celebration
know about Hawaii. Compare lists and
in Ecuador, families burn a toy figure
see if there are contradictions. Then
outside their house. The destruction of
have students write three questions
the toy figure represents getting rid of
about things they would like to know
anything bad that happened during the
about Hawaii. If no one in the class can
previous year.
answer these questions, assign them as a
• In Denmark, people save old dishes
homework task.
all year long and throw them at their
friends’ houses on New Year’s Eve. Many
broken dishes show that a family has a Reading
lot of friends. To help students get a general idea of
the information in the reading passage,
Warm-Up ask them to read the first sentence in
each paragraph. Then ask the following
You may start the lesson in one of these
questions:
ways:
Which paragraphs describe holiday
• Have students describe the clothing of
celebrations in U.S. states other than
the woman in the photo on page 30.
Hawaii? (paragraphs 1 and 2)
Ask them what they think of dressing in
22 Unit 2
Chapter 3 23
24 Unit 2
Hop to It!
CD 1
Track 4 4
Here are some interesting facts about Mark them to tell what they wanted to teach
Twain (1835–1910) and his story “The the animals to do and how successful
Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras they were.
County.” • Bring to class photos of animal
competitions, such as a horse race,
• Mark Twain grew up in Hannibal,
a dressage competition, and a dog
Missouri. His real name was Samuel
obedience show. Divide the class into
Langhorne Clemens; the name Mark
groups and give each group a picture to
Twain came from the words used by
discuss. Have one person from each group
riverboat captains as they measured the
show the picture to the rest of the class
depth of the river bottom. At various
and summarize the group’s discussion.
times in his life, he worked as a printer, a
• Bring in photos of different animals—
writer, and a riverboat pilot. He traveled
lions, elephants, horses, dogs, goats,
widely and wrote about what he saw,
cats, monkeys, parrots, fish—and discuss
usually in a humorous way.
whether or not each animal can easily
• Twain’s story “The Celebrated Jumping
be trained to help humans.
Frog of Calaveras County” made him
famous. It was first published in 1865,
when Twain was a struggling journalist Reading
in California, and it inspired a contest To help students get a general idea of
that is still held today. The Calaveras the information in the reading passage,
County Fair and Jumping Frog Contest ask them to read the first and the last
is held the third weekend of each year at paragraphs. Then ask the following
the Calaveras County Fairgrounds, better questions:
known as Frogtown.
How old is this frog-jumping contest?
Chapter 4 25
Vocabulary
Additional Discussion
A. Vocabulary in Context, p. 43
Questions 1. a 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. b
Why do you think humans are so 8. b 9. d 10. d
interested in training animals?
B. Vocabulary Building, p. 45
Do you think animals understand what
1. a. competitors b. competitive
they are doing when they perform
2. a. entry b. entrants 3. a. predict
tricks?
b. predictable
Do you think it is cruel to train animals
for human entertainment? C. Vocabulary in New Context, p. 45
Answers will vary.
Journal
For a week, note in your journal all of the
Reading Comprehension
animals you encounter in the street or on A. Looking for the Main Ideas, p. 45
television or at the movies. Describe each 1. c 2. a 3. d
animal, tell where you saw it, and report
what it was doing. B. Looking for Details, p. 46
1. The idea for the Jumping Frog
Contest came from a short story by
Culture Cue Mark Twain. 2. The contest takes place
Some people believe that it is cruel for each year. 3. Approximately 50,000
humans to train animals. Some cultures people attend the contest. 4. The entry
have taboos about touching certain types fee includes the cost of renting a frog.
of animals or keeping them as pets. 5. People can rent a frog. 6. The
“jockey” tries to make the frog jump.
7. The frog must make three jumps.
Internet Activity 8. The frogs lift weights, eat centipede
You might suggest that students compare soup, and do high dives.
customs relating to a specific event in
various societies. For example, how are C. Making Inferences and Drawing
marriage customs different in different Conclusions, p. 47
countries? Suggested keywords: the name Answers will vary. Possible answers:
of the custom (for example, marriage 1. People enjoy simple, uncomplicated
customs) followed by the name of a country ways of having fun. 2. The sponsors
(for example, India) make their money from the food, rides,
26 Unit 2
Writing Skills
Exercise B, p. 49
Possible answers:
Conclusion 2: In summary, Japan’s
elaborate rules for table manners have a
long tradition.
Conclusion 3: In summary, birthday
celebrations, though different around
the world, have the same purpose: to
symbolically celebrate a person’s life.
Weaving It Together
What Do You Think Now?
p. 52
Chapter 4 27
CD 1
Track 5 5 Personality Revealed
The readings and follow-up activities in physical movements that look like ballet
this unit focus on the interconnections while concentrating the mind deeply
among body, mind, and personality. on the process. Regular practice of tai
Chapter 5 suggests how a person’s chi is said to boost the immune system,
physical form may reveal personality decrease anxiety and depression, and
characteristics. Chapter 6 looks at how reduce asthma and allergy problems.)
pets affect our mental and physical health. • Bring in photos of different film stars
Here are some interesting facts about or personalities. Number them and put
phrenology, the study of bumps on the them up on the walls of your classroom.
head: Have students walk around and identify
each numbered photo a personality trait.
• Although phrenology is not regarded as
Then compare results on the board.
a science, it provided an important first
step toward modern medical research
into how different areas within the brain Reading
function. Before the first reading, write the words
• During the nineteenth century, some physiognomy and phrenology on the board.
people studied phrenology in an attempt Divide the class into two groups. Ask one
to find compatible marriage partners. group to read the second paragraph about
physiognomy and the other to read the
Warm-Up fourth paragraph about phrenology. Then
call on students from the two groups to
You may start the lesson in one of these
explain what the terms mean. Make notes
ways:
on the board. Then read and discuss the
• Ask students to describe what the person comprehension questions on page 58 and
in the photo on page 53 is doing. Invite have students read the text on their own,
anyone who knows to explain what tai looking for the answers.
chi is. (The person practices a set of slow
28 Unit 3
Chapter 5 29
30 Unit 3
Chapter 6 31
32 Unit 3
Exercise B 2, p. 79
1. Pet-owning children, for instance, tend
to be calmer. 2. Birds, for example, are
easy for elders to love and care for. 3. Not
all animal healing programs use dogs, for
example, the Dolphin Program. 4. Some
pets are brought into medical facilities,
such as nursing homes. 5. For instance,
some nursing homes let their residents
have cats. 6. A remedy such as pet
ownership is easy to like.
Weaving It Together
What Do You Think Now?
p. 84
Chapter 6 33
CD 1
Track 7 7 The Sherpas: Life at
10,000 Feet
This unit focuses on the lives of climb Mount Everest. Ask students to
extraordinary people. Chapter 7 describes think about ways in which their own
the Sherpas, whose lives and culture culture, or another culture they are
are adapted to living at altitudes of familiar with, has changed because of
10,000 to 14,000 feet in the Himalayan contact with people from other lands.
Mountains. Chapter 8 summarizes the List examples on the board and discuss.
accomplishments of George Washington Have students discuss if these changes
Carver, an African American who became have been for the better or worse.
famous for discovering 100 uses for • The Sherpas build homes that are
peanuts. adapted to their environment and
culture. Have students make a list of
Here are some interesting facts about the
features of a typical home in their
the Sherpas:
native country and describe how it is
• Sherpa is actually a Western suited to the environment and culture.
mispronunciation of the word Shar-wa, Suggest they consider building materials,
which means “eastern people.” structure, and design. Have volunteers
• The traditional garment of the Sherpa share their ideas with the class.
people is called a chuba, an ankle-length
wool robe, tied in the middle with a sash.
The sleeves, when unrolled, go past the
Pre-Reading Activity
fingertips, and the top portion is used as Before students read the passage, have
a pocket. them scan to find the answers to these
questions:
34 Unit 4
Chapter 7 35
36 Unit 4
Chapter 8 37
Writing Skills
Predicting, p. 99
Answers will vary. Exercise C 1, p. 108
Paragraph 2: soon after, in 1865, at age 12
Vocabulary Paragraph 3: for the next 12 years, when,
eventually, in 1890, soon
A. Vocabulary in Context, p. 102 Paragraph 4: in 1891, after
1. b 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. c 6. a 7. d Paragraph 5: one day
8. b 9. c 10. a 11. b Paragraph 6: in 1896, after a while, now
Paragraph 7: meanwhile
B. Vocabulary Building, p. 103 Paragraph 8: by the 1930s
1. a. worn b. wear 2. a. discovered Paragraph 9: in 1940, in 1943
b. discoveries 3. a. agricultural
b. agriculture Exercise C 2, p. 108
3, 1, 5, 8, 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, 13, 6, 9, 12
C. Vocabulary in New Context, p. 103
Answers will vary. Exercise C 3, p. 108
Paragraph 1: greatest scientists; quiet . . .
Reading Comprehension kind man; he . . . rich; greatest good;
greatest number
A. Looking for the Main Ideas, p. 104 Paragraph 2: last name
1. a 2. b 3. d Paragraph 3: next . . . years; he . . . black
38 Unit 4
Weaving It Together
What Do You Think Now?
p. 112
Chapter 8 39
CD 1
Track 9 9 A Taste of America
40 Unit 5
Chapter 9 41
Writing Model:
Comparison and
Contrast Essay, p. 125
Thesis statement: first sentence in
paragraph 1
Paragraph 2 topic sentence: first sentence
in paragraph
Paragraph 3 topic sentence: first sentence
in paragraph
Paragraph 4 topic sentence: first sentence
in paragraph
42 Unit 5
What’s for
Breakfast? CD 1
Track 10 10
Here are some interesting facts about • Have student volunteers share breakfast
breakfast: experiences they have had in other
countries. Ask them what they liked and
• The word cereal comes from Ceres, the
what they didn’t like.
Roman goddess of grain.
• Research indicates that skipping
breakfast makes it more difficult to lose Reading
weight. The body goes into a mode of To help students get a general idea of the
fasting and actually holds on to fat and information in the reading passage, ask
burns muscle for energy instead. them to read paragraphs 2 and 6 to find
• The world’s largest pancake breakfast the answers to these questions:
is held every year in Springfield,
Massachusetts. Hundreds of volunteers In what parts of the world do people
help with the event. In 1999, more than tend to eat a large breakfast? A smaller
71,233 servings of pancakes were served one?
to over 40,000 people. A stack of this How has modern life and globalization
many pancakes would be more than two affected what people eat for breakfast?
miles high!
Then have students read the entire passage
and make a list of all the breakfast foods
Warm-Up mentioned in the reading. Can students
think of any breakfast foods that are not
You may start the lesson in one of these
mentioned?
ways:
Chapter 10 43
44 Unit 5
Chapter 10 45
CD 1
Track 11 11 Keeping It Secret
46 Unit 6
Chapter 11 47
Writing Skills
Exercise B 1, p. 155
line 24: Because
line 27: Because
line 51: As
Exercise B 2, p. 155
1. As businesses need to keep information
private, they use a secret language or code.
Businesses use a secret language or code
as they need to keep information private.
2. As the Navajo language was complex
and unwritten, few outsiders were able to
understand it. Few outsiders were able to
understand the Navajo language as it was
complex and unwritten. 3. As pig Latin is
easy to form, children use it to keep secrets.
Children use pig Latin to keep secrets as it
is easy to form.
48 Unit 6
English Around
the World CD 1
Track 12 12
Here are some interesting facts about • Discuss what types of words are most
world languages: commonly borrowed from English
(technical or scientific terms, references
• Over one billion people speak Mandarin
to popular culture, etc.).
Chinese, making it the most widely spoken
language in the world. It is followed by
English (over 500 million people), Hindi Reading
(almost 500 million people), and Spanish Ask students to read the first sentence
(over 400 million people). of each paragraph to get a general
• English is the official first language or understanding of the reading passage.
one of several official languages in over Then ask students to read the entire story
70 countries (including Fiji, Nigeria, and on their own. When they finish, ask
Singapore), but in some of these places students to think of three questions about
very few citizens speak it. the reading.
Chapter 12 49
50 Unit 6
Weaving It Together
What Do You Think Now?
p. 176
Chapter 12 51
CD 1
Track 13 13 Behind Bars at
the Zoo
52 Unit 7
Chapter 13 53
54 Unit 7
Codes, and
Controversy CD 1
Track 14 14
Here are some interesting facts about baked goods, frozen pizza, etc.). Ask
genetically modified (GM) food: students to locate these ingredients on
the labels. Explain that some ingredients
• GM seeds are made and patented by
may have been produced using genetic
three large multinational companies and
engineering.
are often expensive to buy.
• Genes from GM crops can be transferred
to conventional crops by the wind, Reading
tractors, or bees. Have students read the selection all the
• Some examples of GM food are wheat way through without stopping to get a
that is resistant to pesticides, a tomato general idea of what it is about. Play the
that ripens more slowly, a potato with audio or read the text aloud as they are
more protein (the “protato”), and rice reading. Before a second reading, ask the
with extra vitamin A. following questions:
Chapter 14 55
56 Unit 7
Chapter 14 57
CD 1
Track 15 15 A Poetic Look
at Languages
58 Unit 8
Chapter 15 59
Writing Skills
Exercise B 1, p. 213
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. an old car 2. a plant without water
3. little jokes 4. a brick house 5. the sky
Exercise B 2, p. 214
Answers will vary. Possible answers:
1. a word game 2. learning to dance with
words 3. the dances
60 Unit 8
an Untouchable
Man CD 1
Track 16 16
Here are some interesting facts about • Divide the class into groups. Write a few
fables: proverbs on the board:
Chapter 16 61
62 Unit 8
Chapter 16 63
Unit 1
To create a dominant impression, choose Although she wasn’t really beautiful, I will
the most important feature or character always remember how soft her eyes were.
trait of a person and emphasize it.
Adjectives help create a dominant She had big, dark brown, almond-shaped
impression. eyes.
Details help support the dominant When she talked with you, she would look at
impression. you without blinking for several minutes at
a time.
b. Who drinks it
2. Differences
a. Where it is grown
b. Who drinks it
2. Who drinks it
b. Eat less
c. Exercise
2. Effects
a. Cause: Exercise
1 Artists
74 Artists
Reading Comprehension
Journal
A. Looking for the Main Ideas, p. 10
Write the following prompt on the board: 1. The main idea of paragraph 3 is
Write about your favorite artist. Why is how Frida Kahlo’s life was influenced
he or she your favorite? by her having polio at the age of six.
2. Paragraph 9 is mostly about the
terrible bus accident in which Frida was
Pre-Reading badly injured. 3. Line 1 states the main
idea of paragraph 11. 4. Sentences
Exercise 1, p. 2
1 and 2 contain the main idea in
Answers will vary.
paragraph 12.
Exercise 2, p. 2
a. O’Keeffe b. Monet c. van Gogh B. Skimming and Scanning for Details, p. 10
d. Dali e. Gauguin f. I.M. Pei 1. d 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. b
8. a 9. d 10. d
Chapter 1 75
76 Artists
Chapter 1 77
2 Language
The readings in this chapter discuss a time when French was still the official
historical aspects of English language language of the government. He helped
development. Students will consider to establish the rebirth of English as a
and discuss what they know about the national language and as a language
background of their own language, as well of great literature. The Canterbury Tales
as about English. Reading 1 deals with was widely read, and it was the first
the history of English spelling. Reading nonreligious work to be printed in
2 discusses the historical development of England.
several words used in English.
Chapter 2 79
80 Language
Chapter 2 81
82 Language
Hygiene
3
The readings in this chapter give
information on how and why living things Reading 1 How Clean
clean themselves or are cleaned. Reading 1 Is Clean?, p. 64 CD 1
Track 5
Chapter 3 83
84 Hygiene
Chapter 3 85
86 Hygiene
Chapter 3 87
Exercise B, Paraphrasing, p. 87
Answers will vary. Sample answer:
According to Perry, most cleaners are fish.
There are more than 45 known cleaner
species. In order for cleaners to function,
client fish must often change their normal
behavior. Even aggressive fish let their
cleaners safely clean them. The client fish
help their cleaners by becoming still or
slow-moving and allowing the cleaners
safe access to all body parts. Some species
have probably died out because they
were unable to create a client-cleaner
relationship. Without the benefit of cleaner
fish, so many fish may have been harmed
by fungal infection that the population
could not survive.
88 Hygiene
4
Groups,
Organizations,
and Societies
Chapter 4 89
Chapter 4 91
Chapter 4 93
5 Psychology
96 Psychology
Chapter 5 97
98 Psychology
Gender
6
The readings in this chapter discuss gender
differences. Reading 1 looks at research Reading 1 Males and
that indicates the differences between Females: What’s the CD 2
Track 1
Chapter 6 99
Vocabulary
A. Vocabulary in Context, p. 150
1. b 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. a 6. d 7. d
8. b 9. c 10. b
100 Gender
Chapter 6 101
Reading Comprehension
Internet Activity
Have students search for “girls’ toys” and A. Looking for the Main Ideas, p. 159
“boys’ toys” on the Internet. Have them 1. M 2. S 3. S 4. S 5. S 6. M 7. M
make a list of the types of toys marketed 8. S 9. M 10. S
for boys and girls and then analyze B. Skimming and Scanning for Details,
the results. Ask students if there is any p. 160
crossover, and if so, in what areas. 1. carrying goods to market, hauling
firewood, constructing houses
Culture Cue 2. Russia 3. gender arrangements
differ from our own 4. New Guinea
There is a wide range of beliefs regarding 5. posturing, boasting, exploitative
men’s and women’s roles in different attitude 6. beauty, romance
cultures. Encourage students to be sensitive 7. hunters 8. routine, mundane
to and respectful of these differences. 9. spinning machines 10. resources
102 Gender
Chapter 6 103
7 Nutrition
The readings in this chapter are concerned them the following questions: What do
with nutrition—in particular, the unhealthy the labels mean to you? Do you understand
effects of substances that humans introduce the contents? Do you read labels when
into food and into animals involved in food purchasing food items? Do you assume that
production. Reading 1 informs the reader food sold with a label is safe?
about chemicals that are added to food • Ask students: What are food additives?
and focuses on three unsafe food additives. Why are they used?
Reading 2 discusses health concerns related
to BST, a hormone given to cattle to increase Focus Questions
milk production.
Write these questions on the board. Ask
• Did you know that sugar, honey, and salt students to skim the reading passage. Have
are natural preservatives? High levels of them discuss, in small groups, what they
sugar can be used in jams, boiled sweets, found.
and chocolates to preserve them. Honey
What are some historical examples of
is a natural food preservative that also
food adulteration?
prevents bacteria and infection. Salt
has been used since ancient times to What are some purposes of food
preserve meat. It is even believed that additives?
salt contributed to the preservation of
What are the three unsafe additives
Egyptian mummies.
discussed? Describe them briefly.
Chapter 7 107
108 Nutrition
Chapter 8 111
Give students the following cue: B. Skimming and Scanning for Details,
Discuss your position regarding the p. 217
cloning of chickens as it is presented in 1. In paragraph 3, line 4, it means
the reading. the prospect of cloning chickens.
2. A chimera is created in a two-step
process. First, embryonic stem cells are
Vocabulary removed from a freshly laid (before the
A. Vocabulary in Context, p. 215 cells differentiate), fertilized egg. Then
1. b 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. d 6. a 7. b these (donor) cells are injected into the
8. b 9. a 10. a embryo of another freshly laid, fertilized,
recipient egg. 3. A chimera contains
B. Vocabulary Building, p. 216 cells from both donor and recipient.
Answers may vary. Possible answers are A clone contains only donor cells.
given in italics: 1. c, research, a project, 4. Origen plans to scale up production
education 2. a, suffering, employment, of genetically engineered chickens
income 3. e, demand, requirements, by using machines that can inject
obligations 4. b, production, your 50,000 eggs each hour. 5. Origen’s first
lifestyle, expectations 5. d, machines, challenge is to create a chimera.
behavior, expenses 6. The discrepancy is that Origen’s Web
site discusses the process of engineering
C. Vocabulary in New Context, p. 217 birds that lay eggs containing medical
Answers will vary. drugs, yet Origen’s spokesperson says
that the company is not considering
Reading Comprehension genetic modification.
Chapter 8 113
9 Readings from
Literature
Reading 1 Winterblossom
CD 2
Track 7 Garden by David Low. p. 232 Extension Activity
Divide the class into groups of three.
Each group should create a skit in which
Warm-Up a parent and child are discussing a topic
You may start the lesson in one of the about which they disagree because it
following ways: reflects a difference in values. The third
member of each group is the narrator,
• Have students look at the picture on
who tells the story to the class as it is
page 230. Ask them to describe this
being acted. After each group is finished,
woman. What is she doing, wearing,
students identify the value that the parent
thinking about?
and child disagreed about.
• Divide the class into groups of four or
five. Each group should generate a list
of words connected with the word home Additional Discussion
and then sort the words into categories,
without writing category headings. Have
Questions
groups look at each other’s work and try Have students discuss the following
to guess what the categories are. questions in pairs:
Chapter 9 115
Chapter 9 117
OR
States the term you will define and an extended definition; example: In
America, cleanliness means not only free of dirt but free of odor as well.
Thesis Restates the term
States the aspects of the term that you will write about
Body Develops one aspect of the term in each body paragraph
Characteristics Examples
Makes narration or exposition more Descriptor (makes subject memorable):
interesting They were put in cages all their lives.
Creates a dominant impression by Vivid language (impacts our feelings):
emphasizing most important characteristic cold-blooded thugs
Uses figures of speech Simile (shows similarity using as or
like): She is as pretty as a picture.
Contrast: showing how aspects of one item are different from aspects of another.
Essay Organization
Type Organization
Block Each item is discussed in its own block.
Point-by-Point Similarities and differences on the same point are discussed
together.
Structure Words
Sentence Connectors Clause Connectors Others
Comparison similarly as like (+ noun)
likewise just as both . . . and
also and (be) similar to
Contrast however although but
nevertheless even though yet
in contrast while despite (+ noun)
on the other hand whereas in spite of (+ noun)
Uses “I”