BASIC CONCEPTS

Differential Equation ODE/ Dependent Independent

PDE Variable Variable
d 2s
(a)  sint  0
dt 2
u u
(b) x  u  x y

2z 2z
(c)   x2  t 2
2 2
x t
2 dy
(d) x (1  y)  (1  x) y 2  0
dx

Differential Equation Order Linearity

Linear Non Linear
3
 dy 
(a)  dx   2 xy  cos x
 
ds
(b)  3t 2 s  2t
dt
d4y d2y
(c) y  e4x  0
4 2
dx dx
2
 d 3x  2
   d x  6 x cos t  et
(d)  3 
 dt  dt 2
2
2 d2y  dy 
(e) x     2 y  ln x
dx2  dx 
3 dy
(f) ( y  1)  xy 2  x sinh x
dx
d 3u du
(g)  ex  (1  x)u  0
dx3 dx

1
3. Eliminate constant A from the given equations
a) y  2 x  A b) y  Ax  2
c) y  A(1  e  x ) d) y  Axe x
e) y  Ax 2  1 f) y  Ae x  ( x  2)e 2 x
g) y  A sin 1 x h) y  ln x  Ae x

4. Eliminate constant A and B from the given equations

A
a) y  Ax  Bx 2 b) y   Bx
x
c) y  Asin(2 x  B) d) y  ( A  Bx)e 2 x

5) State whether the problems are Initial-value problem (IVP) or Boundary-value problem
(BVP).
dy
a) x  y  xy  0, y(1)  1 ______
dx
d2y dy
b) 2
 2  y  0, y(0)  1, y' (0)  1 ______
dx dx
d 3 y dy
c)   y  1  sin x, y(0)  y' (0)  0, y"(1)  3 ______
dx 3 dx
d3y
d)  y  sin x, y(1)  y' (1)  2, y"(1)  3 ______
dx 3

6) Verify that y( x)  Ae x  Be  x  Ce 2 x  3 , which A,B and C are constants,

is a solution for
d3y d 2 y dy
 2   2y  6
dx 3 dx 2 dx

7) Find the values of A and B, so that y  Asinx  Bcosx will be

d2y dy
2
 4  3 y  sin x
dx dx

d2y dy
8) If y  sin(m sin 1 x) , prove that (1  x 2 ) 2
 x  m2 y  0
dx dx

9) Form a differential equation by eliminating constants A and B from the equation

y  e 2t ( Acos3t  Bsin3t )

1 x 
n
2 dy
10) If y    , prove that (1  x )  2ny
1 x  dx

2
 d2y dy
11) If y  e  x ln(1  x) , prove that (1  x) 2
 (2 x  3)  ( x  2) y  0
dx dx

2
1  dy  d2y
12) If ln y  tan x , prove that (2 x  1)   y 2  0
 dx  dx

dy
13) If y  1  x 2 sin 1 x , prove that (1  x 2 )  xy  1  x 2
dx

 
14) If y  sin  1  x , prove that 4(1  x)
d2y
dx 2
dy
 2  2 y  0
dx

Answer
Question 3
dy dy
a) 2 b) x y2
dx dx
dy dy
c) (e x  1)  y  0 d) x  ( x  1) y  0
dx dx
dy dy
e) x  2 y  2 f)  y  ( x  3)e 2 x
dx dx
dy y dy 1
g) (sin 1 x)  h)  y   ln x
dx 1 x2 dx x

Question 4
d2y dy d2y dy
a) x 2 2  2 x  2 y  0 b) x 2 2
x y0
dx dx dx dx
2 2
d y d y dy
c)  4y  0 d)  4  4y  0
dx 2 dx 2
dx

Question 5
a) IVP b) IVP c) BVP d) IVP

Question 7
1 1
A , B
10 5

Question 9
y"4 y'13 y  0