Chapter 4 Answers

Practice Examples

1a. (a) 2 H3PO4(aq) + 3 CaO(s) → Ca3(PO4)2(aq) + 3 H2O(l)

(b) C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)

1b. (a) 4 NH3(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 NO2(g) + 6 H2O(g)

(b) 6 NO2(g) + 8 NH3(g) → 7 N2(g) + 12 H2O(g)

2a. 4 HgS(s) + 4 CaO(s) → 3 CaS(s) + CaSO4(s) + 4 Hg(l)

2b. 2 C7H6O2S(l) + 17 O2 (g) → 14 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) + 2 SO2(g)

3a. 2.64 mol O2
3b. 8.63 mol Ag

4a. 5.29 g Mg 3 N 2

4b. 126 g H 2

5a. 0.710 g NH 3

5b. 3.50 g O 2 ( g )

6a. 3.34 cm3 alloy

6b. 0.79 g Cu

7a. 0.4 mg H 2 ( g )

7b. 0.15g CO 2

8a. 0.307 M

8b. 0.524 M

9a. 115g NaNO3

9b. 50.9 g Na 2SO 4 ⋅10H 2 O

10a. 0.0675 M
10b. 0.122 M
11a. 18.1 mL

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11b. 4.96 g Ag2CrO4

12a. 936g PCl 3

12b. 1.86 kg POCl3

13a. 3.8 g P4

13b. 57 g O 2 remaining

14a. (a) 30.0 g CH 2 O ; (b) 25.7 g CH2O (g); (c) 85.6 % yield .

14b. 93.7%

15a. 41.8g CO 2

15b. 69.0 g impure C6 H11OH

16a. 2.47 ×103 g HNO3

16b. Approximately 56 g of SiO2 and 30 g of KNO3 are needed.

17a. 83 wt%
17b. 19.47%

Integrative Example
A. 78.3% yield
B. 83.4 % Zn

Exercises

1a. 2 SO3 
→ 2 SO 2 + O 2

1b. Cl2 O7 + H 2 O 
→ 2 HClO 4

1c. 3 NO 2 + H 2 O 
→ 2 HNO3 + NO

1d. PCl3 + 3 H 2 O 
→ H 3 PO3 + 3 HCl

3a. 3 PbO + 2 NH 3 
→ 3 Pb + N 2 + 3 H 2 O

3b. 2 FeSO 4 
→ Fe 2 O3 + 2 SO 2 + 1
2 O 2 or 4 FeSO 4 
→ 2 Fe 2 O3 + 4 SO 2 + O 2

3c. 6 S2 Cl2 + 16 NH 3 
→ N 4 S4 + 12 NH 4 Cl +S8

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3d. 2 C3 H 7 CHOHCH(C2 H 5 )CH 2 OH + 23 O 2 
→16 CO 2 +18 H 2 O

5a. 2 Mg ( s ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2 MgO ( s )

5b. 2 NO ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2 NO 2 ( g )

5c. 2 C2 H 6 ( g ) + 7 O 2 ( g ) → 4 CO 2 ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( l )

5d. Ag 2 SO 4 ( aq ) + BaI 2 ( aq ) → BaSO 4 ( s ) + 2 AgI ( s )

7a. 2 C4 H10 (l) +13O 2 ( g ) → 8CO 2 ( g ) +10 H 2 O ( l )

7b. 2 CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 (l) + 9 O 2 ( g ) → 6 CO 2 ( g ) + 8 H 2 O ( l )

7c. CH 3 CH(OH)COOH ( s ) + 3O 2 ( g ) → 3CO 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 O ( l )

9a. NH 4 NO3 ( s ) 
∆
→ N2 O ( g ) + 2 H2 O ( g )

9b. Na 2 CO3 ( aq ) + 2 HCl ( aq ) → 2 NaCl ( aq ) + H 2 O ( l ) + CO 2 ( g )

9c. 2 CH 4 ( g ) + 2 NH 3 ( g ) + 3O 2 ( g ) → 2 HCN ( g ) + 6 H 2 O ( g )

11. 2 N2H4(g) + N2O4(g) → 4 H2O(g) + 3 N2(g)

13. 2 Cr(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CrO3(s)

15. 785 g

17a. 0.402 mol O 2

17b. 128 g KClO3

17c. 43.9 g KCl

19. 96.0 g Ag 2 CO3

21a. 12.2 g H 2

21b. 48.1 g H 2 O

21c. 284 g CaH 2

23. 79.7% Fe 2 O3

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25. % by mass B10 H14 = 25.8%

27. 1.03g H 2

29. Al produces the largest amount of H 2 per gram of metal.

31a. 0.408 M

31b. 0.154 M

31c. 1.53M

33a. 1.753 M

33b. 0.320 M CO(NH 2 ) 2

33c. 0.206 M

35a. 4.73g

35b. 44.1mL CH 3OH

mmol C6 H12 O6
37a. 4.7
L

mol C6 H12 O6
=
37b. Molarity 4.7 ×10−3
L
39. Solution (d) is a 0.500 M KCl solution.
41. The 46% by mass sucrose solution is the more concentrated.

43. 0.0820 M

45. 0.236 M
47. The ratio of the volume of the volumetric flask to that of the pipet would be 20:1. We could
use a 100.0-mL flask and a 5.00-mL pipet, a 1000.0-mL flask and a 50.00-mL pipet, or a 500.0-
mL flask and a 25.00-mL pipet. There are many combinations that could be used.

49a. 0.177 g Na 2S

49b. 0.562 g Ag 2S

51. 59.4 mL K 2 CrO 4

mol HNO3
53. 8.46 ×10−3
L

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55a. 0.0693mol AlCl3

55b. 2.91 M AlCl3

57. 12.8 g Ag 2 CrO 4

59. 0.624g Na

61. 0.2649 M

63. 3.00 moles of NO (g)

65. HNO3 (aq) is the limiting reactant, it will be completely consumed, leaving some Cu
unreacted.

67. 143g Na 2 CS3

69a. 10.5g NH
3

69b. 10.1 g excess Ca ( OH )2

71. 211.51 g CrSO 4

73a. 1.80 mol CCl4

73b. 1.55 mol CCl2 F2

73c. 86.1% yield

75. 87.6%
81. A main criterion for choosing a synthesis reaction is how economically it can be run. In the
analysis of a compound, on the other hand, it is essential that all of the material present be
detected. Therefore, a 100% yield is required; none of the material present in the sample can be
lost during the analysis.

84. 1.22 ×103 g CO 2

86. 0.0386 g C2 H 6

87. 1.34 kg AgNO3 per kg of I2 produced.

∆
89a. SiO2(s) + 2 C(s)  → Si(s) + 2 CO(g)

Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → SiCl4(l)

SiCl4(l) + 2 H2(g) → Si(s, ultrapure) + 4 HCl(g)

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89b. 885 g C , 5.05 × 103 g Cl2 , 144 g H 2 .

91. 73.33 %

Integrative and Advanced Exercises

∆
93a. CaCO 3 (s) 
→ CaO(s) + CO 2 (g)

∆
93b. 2 ZnS(s) + 3 O 2 (g) 
→ 2 ZnO(s) + 2 SO 2 (g)

93c. C 3 H 8 (g) + 3 H 2 O(g) 

→ 3 CO(g) + 7 H 2 (g)

93d. 4 SO 2 (g) + 2 Na 2 S(aq) + Na 2 CO 3 (aq) 

→ CO 2 (g) + 3 Na 2 S 2 O 3 (aq)

95. 1.96 ×104 g LiOH

96. 68.0% CaCO3

98. 3 FeS + 5 O2 → Fe3O4 + 3 SO2

99. 8.88 M CH 3CH 2 OH

101. 143 mL

105. 0.2 cm 2

106. 0.365g Zn

114. 9.2% ( C2 H 5 )2 O , 90.8% CH 3CH 2 OH .

115. 16.95 %

116a. Cu 5 (CrO 4 ) 2 (OH)6

5 CuSO 4 (aq) + 2 K 2 CrO 4 (aq) + 6 H 2 O (l)

116b. ↓
Cu 5 (CrO 4 ) 2 (OH)6 (s) + 2 K 2SO 4 (aq) + 3 H 2SO 4 (aq)

117. C3 H 4 O 4 (l) + 2 O 2 (g) 

→ 3 CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O(l)

118. 5.2 g Fe , mass of excess Fe 2 O 3 = 2.1 g.

119. 0.850 g AgNO3

120. The balanced equation for the reaction is: S 8 (s) + 4 Cl 2 (g) → 4 S 2 Cl 2 (l). Both “a” and
“b” are consistent with the stoichiometry of this equation.

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121. 1.25 g C3 N 3 (OH)3

123. We must use all of the most concentrated solution and dilute this solution down using the
next most concentrated solution. A total of 374 mL may be prepared this way.

127a. 2 C 3 H 6 (g) + 2 NH 3 (g) + 3 O 2 (g) → 2 C 3 H 3 N(l) + 6 H 2 O(l)

127b. 555 kg NH 3

Self-Assessment Exercises

135. The answer is (d).

136. The answer is (d).

137. The answer is (a).

138. The answer is (a).

139. The answer is (c).

140. The answer is (d).

141. The answer is (b).

142. The answer is (d).

143a. 2 C 8 H 18 + 25 O 2 → 16 CO 2 + 18 H 2 O

143b. 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 12 CO2 + 4 CO + 18 H2O

144. Dolomite is the compound.

145. The answer is (b).

146. The answer is (c).

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