A

“Summer Project – Functional Study of Tata

Consultancy Services”

Submitted to

B.V. Patel Institute of Management,

Uka Tarsadia University

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Manisha Surti
Assistant Professor

In partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of the

degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

Prepared by:
201803100310030 – Patel Neel H
BBA (Semester - V)
October 2020
 Student’s Declaration
I, hereby, declare that the “Summer Project – Functional Study of Tata Consultancy
Services (TCS)” is a result of my own work and my indebtedness to other work publications,
references, if any, have been duly acknowledged. If I am found guilty of copying from any
other report or published information and showing as my original work, I understand that I
shall be liable and punishable by the university, which may include Failing me in examination
or any other punishment that university may deem fit.

201803100310030

Patel Neel H
 Executive Summary

TATA Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology

(IT) service and consulting company with head quartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is
a subsidiary of Tata Group and operates in 149 locations across 46 countries. (TCS) is a
subsidiary of the Tata Group, an Indian information technology consulting and business
solutions company which operates in 46 countries worldwide.TCS Limited was founded in
1968 by a division of Tata Sons Limited.

• TCS is one of the largest employers of women with 35.3% of women employees.
• TCS became the first Indian IT company to reach $100 billion market capitalization with
a value of $102.6 billion in Bombay Stock Exchange and a second Indian company ever
after the Reliance industries that achieved the same in 2007.
• TCS is ranked 10th on the Fortune India 500 list in 2018.
• It is the world's 9th largest IT service provider by revenue.

Its products are:

• TCS Digital Certification Services / Public Key

• TCS Tax Mantra Integrated Tax Solution
• TCS Data Cleansing Framework
• TCS Business Rules Engine
• TCS Experience Based KM (Knowledge Management)

Its HR Policies are:

• Recruitment of 70,400 employees across the world.

• On-boarding of 32,263 fresh hires from various campuses.
• Achieving the best in class retention rate.
• Maintaining uniformly high utilisation rate throughout the year.

Current ratio of the company is less than 2, so the company is not more liquid. And company
may not be using its current asset efficiently. And also indicates problems in working capital
management. During the year 2018, the cash ratio was 0.23. In 2019, it was 0.42 and in 2020,
it was 0.15 . This shows that the current ratio is frequently increasing every year which means
that the company is going to be in good position in near future.
Strength of the Tcs company are 1.Healthy Balance Sheet with Strong Financials. 2.Flagship
company of reputed TATA group. 3.Strong dominance in domestic market

Weaknesses of the Tcs company are 1.Major products absent, largely dependent on services.
2.Largely dependent on North American and European markets. 3.IT integration across
industries to drive growth.

CSR activities of TCS company are Steam Education, Community, innovation Employee
volunteering.
 Acknowledgement:-
As my duty I cannot forget to thank “Tata consultancy services (TCS's) company, which
provide me best & latest information about all the department and process of all departments.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Vijay Gondaliya sir who gave me the chance to do
this project. I wish to express my internal guide Dr. Manisha Surti Ma’am who helped and
supported me at various stages of this project which has enabled me to complete it. Last but
not least, I thank all those who have helped me directly in directly or during the course of this
project.

Patel Neel H

201803100310030
Index
ABOUT COMPANIES INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 1
1.1 General information :- .................................................................................... 1
1.2 History ............................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Products & Services Provided:- ..................................................................... 2
1.4 TCS Branches in India:- ................................................................................. 2
1.5 Company profile:- .......................................................................................... 3
1.6 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Vision:- .................................................... 4
1.7 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Mission:- .................................................. 4
1.8 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Objective:- ............................................... 4
1.9 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Code of Conduct:- ................................... 4
1.10 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Ethical Code :- ....................................... 5
1.11 EMPLOYEES’ CONDUCT:- ...................................................................... 9
1.12 USP:- .......................................................................................................... 12
1.13 Structure of organizations:- ........................................................................ 13
1.14 Awards ....................................................................................................... 15
1.15 Promoters ................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER:-2 ......................................................................................................... 16
ABOUT COMPANIES PRODUCT & SERVICE ................................................ 16
2.1 product / Services ......................................................................................... 16
2.2 Target customers:- ........................................................................................ 18
2.3 TCS Solution:- ............................................................................................. 18
2.4 Benefits:- ...................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER: 3 ......................................................................................................... 20
ABOUT COMPANIES HR POLICIES ................................................................ 20
3.1 Resource policies:- ....................................................................................... 20
3.2 HR Practices in TCS:- .................................................................................. 21
3.3 Recruitment process:-................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER: 4 ......................................................................................................... 31
ABOUT COMPANIES FINANICAL ANALYSIS .............................................. 31
4.1 Financial Analysis:- ..................................................................................... 31
4.2 Capital structure:- ......................................................................................... 32
4.3 P&L Account:- ............................................................................................. 33
4.4 Balance sheet:- ............................................................................................. 34
4.5 Trend analysis :- ........................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER: - 5 ....................................................................................................... 43
ABOUT COMPANIES OTHER AERAS ............................................................. 43
5.1 SWOT Analysis:- ......................................................................................... 43
5.2 Competitive Analysis:-................................................................................. 46
5.3 PESTEL Analysis:- ..................................................................................... 46
5.4 CSR activities :- ........................................................................................... 50
5.5 To analyse the market opportunities for the company:- ............................... 51
5.6 Competitors:-................................................................................................ 53
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 54

Page 0 of 55
 CHAPTER:-1
ABOUT COMPANIES INTRODUCTION
1.1 General information:-

TATA Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information

technology (IT) service and consulting company with head quartered in Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India. It is a subsidiary of Tata Group and operates in 149 locations
across 46 countries. (TCS) is a subsidiary of the Tata Group, an Indian information
technology consulting and business solutions company which operates in 46
countries worldwide. TCS Limited was founded in 1968 by a division of Tata Sons
Limited. Its early contracts included punched card services to TISCO (now Tata
Steel), working on an Inter-Branch Reconciliation System for the Central Bank of
India. In 1975 TCS made an electronic depository and trading system called
SEMCOM for Swiss company. TCS also established India's first software research
and development centre called Tata Research Development and Design Centre in
Pune, Maharashtra. On 25 August 2004, TCS became a Publicly Listed Company.

1.2 History

 TCS is one of the largest employers of women with 35.3% of women

employees.
 TCS became the first Indian IT company to reach $100 billion market
capitalization with a value of $102.6 billion in Bombay Stock Exchange and a
second Indian company ever after the Reliance industries that achieved the
same in 2007.
 TCS is ranked 10th on the Fortune India 500 list in 2018.
 It is the world's 9th largest IT service provider by revenue.

Page 1 of 55
  TCS is ranked 64th overall in Forbes World's most innovative company
ranking, making it the highest-ranked IT services company ever.
 In the latest, TCS, the biggest software services company, has added 12,000
jobs in the first quarter of 2019 and sent offer letters to 30,000 fresh graduates
building the employment level in the country.
 TCS Company Organization Heads:-
1) N.Chandrasekaran is the chairman of the Tata consultancy services.
2) Rajesh Gopinathan is the CEO and Managing Director of Tata Consultancy
Services.

Tagline of the Company:-

Experience Certainty.

Headquarters of the Company:-

Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

1.3 Products & Services Provided:-

TCS provides a wide range of information technology-related products and services

including application development, business process outsourcing, capacity
planning, consulting, enterprise software, hardware sizing, payment processing,
software management, and technology education services. The firm's established
software products are TCS BaNCS and TCS Master Craft.

1.4 TCS Branches in India:-

 Jaipur
 Chennai
 Ahmedabad
 Baroda
 Mysore
 Hyderabad
 Pune
 New Delhi
 Gurgaon
 Mumbai

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1.5 Company profile:-

TATA Consultancy Services Ltd(TCS)

Type Public

Traded as BSE: 532540

NSE: TCS
BSE SENSEX Constituent
CNX Nifty Constituent
Industry IT services, IT consulting

Founded 1968; 52 years ago

Founder Tata Sons

Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra,India

Area served Worldwide

Key people Natarajan Chandrasekaran

(Chairman)
Rajesh Gopinathan
(MD & CEO)
Services Outsourcing
Consulting
Managed services
Revenue US$22.0 billion (2020)

Operating income US$5.41 billion (2020)

Net income US$4.55 billion (2020)

Total assets US$16.3 billion (2020)

Total equity US$11.5 billion (2020)

Number of employees 448,464 (March 2020)

Parent Tata Sons

Subsidiaries TCS China

TRDDC
CMC Ltd
Website www.tcs.com

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1.6 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Vision:-

TCS vision is to decouple business growth and ecological footprint from its
operations to address the environment bottom-line. The green approach is
embedded in our internal processes and services offerings. From green buildings to
green IT to a green supply chain, our mantra is to grow sustainably and help our
customers achieve sustainable growth through our green solutions and service
offerings

1.7 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Mission:-

To help customers achieve their business objectives by providing innovative, best-

in-class consulting, IT solutions and services. To make it a joy for all stakeholders
to work with us.

1.8 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Objective:-

The objectives of the TCS company is to provide its customers with the very best
service possible. The company also strives to maintain a high return for its
shareholders.

1.9 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Code of Conduct:-

Tata companies have consistently adhered to the values and ideals articulated by
the Founder for over 150 years. The Tata Code of Conduct was first formalized by
Mr Ratan Tata. It articulates the Group's values and ideals that guide and govern
the conduct of our companies as well as our colleagues in all matters relating to
business. Today, the Code is a bed rock on which we base our individual, as well
as leadership commitments to core Tata values.

The Tata Code of Conduct outlines our commitment to each of our stakeholders,
including the communities in which we operate, and is our guiding light when we
are sometimes faced with business dilemmas that leave us at ethical crossroads. The
Code is also dynamic in that it has been periodically refreshed in order to remain
contemporary and contextual to the changes in law and regulations. However it
remains unaltered at its core.

Our stellar reputation and success as a business entity has been defined by the
powerful commitment and adherence to the core values and principles expressed in

Page 4 of 55
this Code, by all our employees, directors and partners. I trust every Tata colleague
and Tata company will continue to not only comply with the laws and regulations
that govern our business interests around the world, but will continue to set new
standards of ethical conduct that will generate deep respect and inspire emulation
by others.

1.10 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) Ethical Code:-

CORPORATE CONDUCT

1. National Interest:-

A TATA Company shall be committed in all its actions to benefit the economic
development of the countries in which it operates and shall not engage in any
activity that would adversely affect such objective. It shall not undertake any project
or activity to the detriment of the Nation’s interests or those that will have any
adverse impact on the social and cultural life patterns of its citizens. A TATA
Company shall conduct its business affairs in accordance with the economic,
development and foreign policies, objectives and priorities of the Nation’s
government and shall strive to make a positive contribution to the achievement of
such goals at the international, national and regional level as appropriate.

2. Financial Reporting and Records:-

A TATA Company shall prepare and maintain its accounts fairly and accurately in
accordance with the accounting and financial reporting standards which represent
the generally accepted guidelines, principles, standards, laws and regulations of the
country in which the Company conducts its business affairs.

Internal accounting and audit procedures shall fairly and accurately reflect all of the
Company’s business transactions and disposition of assets. All required information
shall be accessible to company auditors and other authorised parties and
government agencies. There shall be no wilful omissions of any company
transactions from the books and records, no advance income recognition and no
hidden bank account and funds.

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3. Competition:-

A TATA Company shall fully strive for the establishment and support of a
competitive open market economy in India and abroad and shall co-operate in the
efforts to promote the progressive and judicious liberalisation of trade and
investment by a country. Specifically, a TATA Company shall not engage in
activities which generate or support the formation of monopolies, dominant market
positions, cartels and similar unfair trade practices.

A TATA company shall market its products and services on its own merits and shall
not make unfair and misleading statements about competitors’ products and
services. Any collection of competitive information shall be made only in the
normal course of business and shall be obtained only through legally permitted
sources and means.

4. Equal-Opportunities Employer:-

A TATA Company shall provide equal opportunities to all its employees and all
qualified applicants for employment without regard to their race, caste, religion,
colour, ancestry, marital status, sex, age, nationality, disability and veteran status.
Employees of a TATA Company shall be treated with dignity and in accordance
with the TATA policy to maintain a work environment free of sexual harassment,
whether physical, verbal or psychological. Employee policies and practices shall be
administered in a manner that would ensure that in all matters equal opportunity is
provided to those eligible and the decisions are merit-based.

5. Gifts and Donations:-

A TATA Company and its employees shall neither receive nor offer or make,
directly or indirectly, any illegal payments, remuneration, gifts, donations or
comparable benefits which are intended to or perceived to obtain business or un-
competitive favours for the conduct of its business. However, a TATA Company
and its employees may accept and offer nominal gifts which are customarily given
and are of commemorative nature for special events.

Page 6 of 55
6. Government Agencies:-

A TATA Company and its employees shall not offer or give any company funds or
property as donation to any government agencies or their representatives, directly
or through intermediaries, in order to obtain any favourable performance of official
duties.

7. Political Non-Alignment:-

A TATA Company shall be committed to and support a functioning democratic

constitution and system with a transparent and fair electoral system in India. A
TATA company shall not support directly or indirectly any specific political party
or candidate for political office. The Company shall not offer or give any company
funds or property as donations, directly or indirectly, to any specific political party,
candidate or campaign.

8. Health, Safety and Environment:-

A TATA Company shall strive to provide a safe and healthy working environment
and comply, in the conduct of its business affairs, with all regulations regarding the
preservation of the environment of the territory it operates in. A TATA Company
shall be committed to prevent the wasteful use of natural resources and minimise
any hazardous impact of the development, production, use and disposal of any of
its products and services on the ecological environment.

9. Quality of Products and Services:-

A TATA Company shall be committed to supply goods and services of the highest
quality standards backed by efficient after-sales service consistent with the
requirements of the customers to ensure their total satisfaction. The quality
standards of the Company’s goods and services should at least meet the required
national standards and the Company should endeavour to achieve international
standards.

Page 7 of 55
10. Corporate Citizenship:-

A TATA company shall be committed to be a good corporate citizen not only in

compliance with all relevant laws and regulations but also by actively assisting in
the improvement of the quality of life of the people in the communities in which it
operates with the objective of making them self-reliant. Such social responsibility
would comprise, to initiate and support community initiatives in the field of
community health and family welfare, water management, vocational training,
education and literacy and encourage application of modern scientific and
managerial techniques and expertise. This will be reviewed periodically in
consonance with national and regional priorities. The company would also not treat
these activities as optional ones but would strive to incorporate them as integral part
of its business plan.

11. Co-operation of TATA Companies:-

A TATA Company shall co-operate with other TATA Companies by sharing

physical, human and management resources as long as this does not adversely affect
its business interests and shareholder value.

In the procurement of products and services a TATA Company shall give

preference to another TATA company as long as it can provide these on competitive
terms relative to third parties.

12. Public Representation of the Company & the Group:-

The TATA Group honours the information requirements of the public and its
stakeholders. In all its public appearance with respect to disclosing company and
business information to public constituencies such as the media, the financial
community, employees and shareholders, a TATA Company or the Tata Group
shall be represented only by specifically authorised directors and employees. It will
be the sole responsibility of these authorised representatives to disclose information
on the Company.

Page 8 of 55
13. Third Party Representation:-

Parties which have business dealings with the TATA Group but are not members
of the Group such as consultants, agents, sales representatives, distributors,
contractors, suppliers, etc. shall not be authorised to represent a TATA Company if
their business conduct and ethics are known to be inconsistent with the Code.

14. Use of the TATA Brand:- The use of the TATA name and trademark owned
by Tata Sons shall be governed by manuals, codes and agreements to be issued by
Tata Sons. The use of the TATA brand is defined in and regulated by the TATA
Brand Equity & Business Promotion Agreement.

15. Group Policies:-

A TATA company shall recommend to its Board of Directors the adoption of
policies and guidelines periodically formulated by Tata Sons.

16. Shareholders:-

A TATA Company shall be committed to enhance shareholder value and comply

with all regulations and laws that govern shareholders’ rights. The Board of
Directors of a TATA Company shall duly and fairly inform its shareholders about
all relevant aspects of the Company’s business and disclose such information in
accordance with the respective regulations and agreements.

1.11 EMPLOYEES’ CONDUCT:-

1. Ethical Conduct:-

Every employee of a TATA Company, which shall include Whole-time Directors

and the Managing Director, shall deal on behalf of the Company with
professionalism, honesty, integrity as well as high moral and ethical standards. Such
conduct shall be fair and transparent and be perceived to be as such by third parties.
Every employee shall be responsible for the implementation of and compliance with
the Code in his professional environment. Failure to adhere to the Code could attract
the most severe consequences including termination of employment.

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2. Regulatory Compliance:-

Every employee of a TATA Company shall, in his business conduct, comply with
all applicable laws and regulations, both in letter and in spirit, in all the territories
in which he operates. If the ethical and professional standards set out in the
applicable laws and regulations are below that of the Code then the standards of the
Code shall prevail.

3. Concurrent Employment:-

An employee of a TATA Company shall not, without the prior approval of the
Managing Director of the Company accept employment or a position of
responsibility (such as a consultant or a director) with any other company, nor
provide “free-lance” services to anyone. In the case of a Whole-time Director or the
Managing Director such prior approval must be obtained from the Board of Director
of the Company.

4. Conflict of Interest:-

An employee of a TATA Company shall not engage in any business, relationship

or activity which might detrimentally conflict with the interest of his Company or
the Group. A conflict of interest, actual or potential, may arise where, directly or
indirectly, (a) an employee of a TATA Company engages in a business, relationship
or activity with anyone who is party to a transaction with his Company, (b) an
employee is in a position to derive a personal benefit or a benefit to any of his
relatives by making or influencing decisions relating to any transaction, and (c) an
independent judgement of the Company’s or Group’s best interest cannot be
exercised.

If an employee fails to make a disclosure as required therein and the management

of its own accord becomes aware of an instance of conflict of interest that ought to
have been disclosed by the employee, the management would take a serious view
of the matter and consider suitable disciplinary action against the employee.

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5. Securities Transactions and Confidential Information

An employee of a TATA Company and his immediate family shall not derive any
benefit or assist others to derive any benefit from the access to and possession of
information about the Company or the Group which is not in the public domain and
thus constitutes insider information.

An employee of a TATA Company shall not use or proliferate information which

is not available to the investing public and which therefore constitutes insider
information for making or giving advice on investment decisions on the securities
of the respective TATA Company on which such insider information has been
obtained.

6. Protecting Company Assets:-

The assets of a TATA Company should not be misused but employed for the
purpose of conducting the business for which they are duly authorised. These
include tangible assets such as equipment and machinery, systems, facilities,
materials, resources as well as intangible assets such as proprietary information,
relationships with customers and suppliers, etc.

7. Citizenship:-

An employee of a TATA Company shall in his private life be free to pursue an

active role in civic or political affairs as long as it does not adversely affect the
business or interests of the Company or the Group.

8. Integrity of data furnished:-

Every employee of a TATA Company shall ensure at all times the integrity of data
or information furnished by him to the Company.

9. Reporting concerns:-

Every employee of a TATA Company shall promptly report to the Management

any actual or possible violation of the Code or an event he becomes aware of that
could affect the business or reputation of his or any other TATA Company.

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1.12 USP:-

 India's largest IT company.

 Focus on emerging markets as well.
 Trustworthy company with big customers.(big customers are Walgreens
Boots, JP Morgan)

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1.13 Structure of organizations:-

“A basic structure distributes responsibilities among the members of a company. Its

purpose is to contribute to the successful implementation of objectives by allocating
people and resources to necessary tasks and designing responsibility and authority
for their control and coordination” The three levels of organizations are technical
level, managerial level and the community level. (Mullins, 2008) The organizations
are differentiated based on the task, the employees work and the nature of company
and its HR policies and conditions.” A hierarchy is handled in order to treat people
equally in companies; Treating equal is just that they are literally equal, In order to
extract best from an employee, the person above him will treat them as one and the
same to extract the maximum and best work from them Functional organization,
matrix organization, and line organization are three common types of
organizational structure” (Mullins, 2008). The main intention of organizations is to
distribute the tasks; the main aspect is to preserve the relationship between
employees of different stages in order to drive them towards the single task and to
monitor the progress of the assigned task. The TCS have a very well designed
organization.

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 Global level Global Head TCS-ABN
AMRO Relationship

Global Head Global Delivery Global Head

Infrastructure & Security Head Operations

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business
Geography level relationship
manager
Business unit the Netherlands (BUNL)

Delivery manager
/ transition head

Programme Quality manager Programme manager/off

manager/on site site deliver manager
delivery manager

Application Portfolio manager

Portfolio manager Application
development
development
manager
manager

Project leader
Project leader Project leader

Module leader
Module leader Module leader

Locations:

customer site TCS global delivery site client TCS site

Page 14 of 55
 1.14 Awards

 Stevie Awards
 SIAM Fellow
 ACM Prize in Computing
 Grace Murray Hopper Award
 IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal
 Claude E. Shannon Award
 Alan T. Waterman Award
 Presburger Award

1.15 Promoters

Shares pledged or otherwise

Name of the Shareholder Total Shares held
encumbered
As a %
of
% of As a % of
grand
Total grand
Number total Number
shares total (A) +
(A) +
held (B) + (C)
(B) +
(C)
TATA SONS PRIVATE
2,702,450,947 72.02 79604930 2.95 0
LIMITED
Tata Investment
1,036,269 0.03 0 0 0
Corporation Limited
TATA STEEL LIMITED 46,798 0 0 0 0
Tata Industries Limited 7,220 0 0 0 0
THE TATA POWER
766 0 0 0 0
COMPANY LIMITED
Af-Taab Investment
0 0 0 0 0
Company Limited
JAMSETJI TATA TRUST
(Mr R N Tata, Mr R K
0 0 0 0 0
Krishna Kumar, Mr. V
Srinivasan, Mr. V Singh )
Tata International Limited 0 0 0 0 0
Tata Capital Ltd 0 0 0 0 0

Page 15 of 55
 CHAPTER:-2
ABOUT COMPANIES PRODUCT & SERVICE

2.1 product / Services

PRODUCT:-

TCS and its 67 subsidiaries provides a wide range of information technology-

related products and services including application development, business process
outsourcing, capacity planning, consulting, enterprise software, hardware sizing,
payment processing, software management and technology education services The
firm's established software products are TCS BaNCS and TCS Master Craft.

Technology Products:-
• TCS Digital Certification Services / Public Key
• TCS Tax Mantra Integrated Tax Solution
• TCS Data Cleansing Framework
• TCS Business Rules Engine
• TCS Experience Based KM (Knowledge Management)

Other Products:-
• TCS Clin–e2e
• TCS Hospital Management Solution
• TCS Silicone Ambulatory ECG Device and Solution
• TCS Enterprise Integration and Control Environment
Services:-

IT Services:-
• Custom Application Development
• Application Management
• Migration & Re–engineering
• System Integration
• Testing
• Performance Engineering

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Infrastructure Services:-
• Infrastructure Readiness Assessment
• IT Service Desk
• Data Centre Management
• End User Computing Services
• Database Services

Engineering & Industrial Services:-

• New Product Development Solutions
• Product Lifecycle Management
• Plant Solutions & Services
• Geospatial Technology Solutions

Service lines:-
TCS' services are currently organised into the following service lines (percentage
of total TCS revenues in the 2012-13 financial year generated by each respective
service line is shown in parentheses)
 Application development and maintenance (43.80%) value;
 Asset leverage solutions [clarification needed] (2.70%);
 Assurance services (7.70%);
 Business process outsourcing (12.50%);
 Consulting (2.00%);
 Engineering and Industrial services (4.60%);
 Enterprise solution (15.21%); and
 IT infrastructure services (11.50%).
 Cognitive Business Operations.
 Cloud Infrastructure.
 Automation and AI.
 Assurance services.
 BI and performance management.
 Business process services.
 Consulting.
 Digital enterprise.

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2.2 Target customers:-

Creating a compelling and targeted customer experience at every touch point is a

top priority for CXOs today. With evolving customer expectations, the way they
transact and interact with their service providers is also undergoing significant
changes. Seamless Omni-channel engagement entails deep understanding of
volumes of data, which can be leveraged to craft superior customer experience
strategies and drive improved customer engagement.

Companies get a strong competitive edge if they know what to focus on to service
customers. There is a lot of customer insight in Big Data analytics and trend reports
for social media. With this information, companies can personalize products and
services for each of their customers. However, understanding digital data is
complex. If not used correctly, it can even mislead.

2.3 TCS Solution:-

TCS Customer Experience Offering includes the following key solutions:

Customer experience management: Understand and reorient the customer journey,

leveraging digital marketing and process automation tools; drive front office
transformation through process innovations and improvements; outline initiatives
to improve net promoter scores; gauge the perceived customer experience and
define the right KPIs.

Channel imagination and management: Leverage the power of mobility, social

media, ramification, and digital marketing, to enable companies to add touch points
and capabilities to their existing channels, manage web content, on-board partners,
drive user experience, and add e-commerce capabilities.

Customer insights management: Use Big Data analytics, machine learning, and
cloud computing, to drive contextual engagement with customers by harnessing
insights across touch points.

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2.4 Benefits:-

 Improve customer experience, loyalty and satisfaction.

 Drive consistent, relevant, and personalized customer engagement across touch
points.
 Target customers with the right offers.
 Increase profitability by increasing offer acceptance rates.
 Enhance focus on continuous improvement.
 Bridge gaps in key processes and applications to enhance customer experience.
 Achieve greater business agility.
 Respond faster to market needs by leveraging real-time insights.

Page 19 of 55
 CHAPTER: 3
ABOUT COMPANIES HR POLICIES

3.1 Resource policies:-

 Human Resource policies are established by an organisation to support

administrative functions, performance management, employee relation and
resource planning.
 Human Resource policies are the formal rules and guidelines that company
put in place to hire, train, access, and reward the members of their workforce.
 The focus has been to create an environment where performance is rewarded,
individual are respected and associates get opportunities to realize potential.

Key achievements during the year were:-

 Recruitment of 70,400 employees across the world.

 On-boarding of 32,263 fresh hires from various campuses.
 Achieving the best in class retention rate.
 Maintaining uniformly high utilisation rate throughout the year.

TCS with respect to human resource management, the company is doing good
in practicing Pfeiffer’s seven practices and the company is making huge efforts
in delivering various methods and processes in increasing growth of the
organization.

TCS is working great on providing satisfaction of job to its employees but it

should be keen in understanding the fact that senior officers are not very happy
for continuing to work. It should be taken care that only selective candidates
capable of the position to be filled should be offered the job. TCS must make the
rules strict for the use of language as regional language use is still being
practiced. Pay must be higher to encourage employees to work without worries
and training importance must be delivered effectively. Treatment of every TCSer
should be the same and employees should be told the importance of information
sharing.

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3.2 HR Practices in TCS:-

Employment/Job Security:

TCS is a good base to work at, especially for fresher’s because they find it easy to
work as they are given good opportunities under comfortable and cosy environment.
Working in TCS, it feels like working in a government organization. Employees get
high job security and fear less for losing the job as this company has low rate of job
removal even during recession. The company provides further opportunity to
employees who perform low in order to improve by offering learning and enhancing
programs.

Compared to other IT companies, TCS accounts for lowest employee turnover rate.
This is because most of the employees stay employed with the company for a long
period of time as they find their job not only comfortable but also secured. The
environment is very friendly and the company has a plan to improve performance
of employees who face problems regarding understanding of processes. TCS aims
in both personality and career development which is very advantageous for the
improvement of employees’ skills and knowledge. The HR practices followed by
this company are determined in understanding people's ability for managing them
right from sourcing to deployment which means in regards to scalability.

The employees working in this organization feel very secure because they are given
long periods to work where they have fixed contracts and have flexibility to work
in shifts. Ambitious employees are given chance to study overseas where they are
provided with visas and long-term leaves. All employees sign a contract while
starting to work with a company which will last for a period of two years and after
that they are considered as permanent workers.

Selective Hiring:-

Human resource plan is required by the firm which is prepared according to the
firm's processes. Hiring of candidates is the most important task to be done in a
procedural manner for selecting the best candidates among many applicants as
Pfeiffer described clearly that recruitment of right people is to be done firstly for

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obtaining profits. In today's management, this is known as identification of talent
and acquisition. Companies have moved from traditional recruitment and practices
of selection towards online practices like interviews over telephone. In face-to-face
recruitment, the selection department conducts personal interviews where salary
packages are discussed along with many other important things.

TCS recruitment process is based on hiring policy which includes the mix of
fresh and experienced candidates.

Fresh Candidates - They are recruited and selected from academic institutions
where TCS has links with these institutions which is considered as a critical
relationship. Through communication with placement officers and fairs conducted,
a large number of candidates get attracted to apply.

Experienced Candidates - They are recruited by unit heads through various

consultancies and agencies sourcing candidates and through direct interviews. This
recruitment is carried out based on the requirements needed for a company which
is centrally coordinated to hire experienced professionals. (indoreservice.com)

Candidates are attracted to apply for positions through sources like advertisements
through websites and job portals, placement fairs, agencies, TCS data bank that is
done through combining the sourcing of resumes. Recruitment is also done locally
from geographical areas that the company operates.

Background analysis is done to every applicant who is checked on following

basis:

Academics - All candidates applying to TCS are required to submit copies of their
academics right from their schooling to graduation or higher along with mark sheets
obtained in each level of their study. The official screening these applications would
then decide on forwarding the applications to further processing evaluating the
requirements of the position.

Former Employment - The experienced candidates are checked on the contact

information of their previous employers and based on the certificates stating their

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experience and performance. They are also checked on submission of release letters
and pay slips obtained from previous employers.

Medical Examination - Every employee is subjected to a set of fitness checks

which are essential prior to the joining in the company. Check-ups like overseas
services are also conducted to candidates required to travel overseas on business
purposes. (asmedu.com)

Self- Managed Teams or Team Working:-

TCS assigns employees to work as a team or group in order to carry out processes
in a particular project. Each such team is given information regarding the
requirements needed to fulfil their work so that they can put efforts and use tools to
manage their work in a sequential manner. Each team is set a team leader who takes
care of the entire team and manages them to get the outcome. Some teams are
interlinked with each other where the team leads of each team interact with one
another and shares information for helping each other. Finally all the team leads
passes on their work to the project leader. This improves work continuity and flow
is carried out efficiently throughout the work flow.

During the training period, the fresher’s are assigned into group of two members
who work together and share information in order to accomplish work assigned to
them. This environment is created because the employees should be pre-moulded
to work and share in a group when they actually come to the work place.

There is diversity of work place with respect to culture, nationality; language is seen
widely in TCS. It is regarded as a common place to work for all such diversities
without any differences or attitudes. Cultural potpourri is promoted where people
from different backgrounds, cultures and geographies meet together to work on
common issue. TCS follows an open door policy where culture is open for everyone
and anyone can involve working in a team to play an important role. Global family
identity to support and encourage every employee and bring employees together
like a family.

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High Pay Contingent on Company Performance:-

Most of the companies do not focus much on acquiring resources but their main
concern is to utilize these resources in a profitable manner by achieving this through
employee's potential. Today, TCS is the best employer who has a structure for
compensation having only 5% of its pay with respect to performance. TCS is a
company that makes its employees work in a team to evaluate to decide on their pay
as a team but not individually. This does a lot of benefit as it does not possesses any
rivalry among the team members. Each such team is formed on the basis of trust,
co-ordination, co-operation, dependence among employees, spirit in the team etc.
These qualities cannot be maintained if an individual is greedy to discuss and share
in a team. Rather he/she should be concerned for the ultimate success of the team.
This is the main reason for TCS to follow such structures over compensation. So,
the reason for the success of employees’ satisfaction lies for the high compensation
structure. It follows the principle of good harnessing the potential of employees in
the company.

Extensive Training:-

Training in TCS starts immediately on the first day of join in the organization which
continues for a period of three months. Training is given throughout the entire
period of work in the company, that is, from the training period till the end date of
work in TCS. Training is also imparted to the employees whenever new techniques
or platforms are introduced at any point of time while working in a project or at the
start of the project.

Following are the different learning programs imparted to the employees

throughout the training session and while working.(coolavenues.com)

Initial Learning Program (ILP) - This program is designed to provide a friendly

environment by smoothening the shift from "campus to corporate". This allows the
transition of engineers of graduate level to consultants of information technology
with a world-wide mind-set.

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Continuous Learning Program (CLP) - This is designed for the growth of
associates where learning and sharing is the main value. These programs come from
needs of the project, strategically business, technology and direction of individual
aspirations and access through domains, processes and soft skills.

Leadership Development Program (LDP) - This program aims in turning its

employees into future leaders by carefully understanding their potential through
branded programs.

Foreign Language Initiative (FLI) - This helps its employees to communicate

properly with its clients where employees are encouraged to develop on foreign
languages and also emphasises in improvement of English for effectiveness of
communication while making business deals.

Workplace Learning - This encourages TCS by providing all necessary initiatives

required to learn while working. To promote this, TCS has an extensive library
where E-learning courses and online books are available.(indoreservice.com)

Reduction of Status Differentials:-

TCS visions to equip all its employees with proper resources so that they all work
as a family irrespective of position, salary, region, sex and status. Every individual
is given an equal opportunity to develop themselves and share views and ideas.
They are allowed to make innovative designs and work on research right from the
first day of work. Everyone is supposed to follow a discipline throughout the work
floor whether it a starter or a manager. It is required for every employee to be formal
and swipe a unique identity card every day to indicate their presence.

All the employees are required to learn behavioural manners like dinning, greeting
manners and can have the freedom of enquiry from their respective supervisors. The
junior employees have a privilege to communicate directly with the mangers in case
of any position discrimination practice shown by their seniors.

While working in a team TCS ensures that the team leader of every team should
manage the team in such a way that there should not be persistence of attitudes
between the team workers. Every team member is treated the same way and

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appreciated for outstanding performances. The team leader encourages and
motivates team members to support among themselves so that they can achieve their
target through co-operation.

Sharing of Information:-

This is promoted to motivate people for enhancing performance of the entire

organization in some dimensions and know the use of interpreting information as
explained by Pfeiffer. TCS emphasises on working in a group instead of
individually performing as this attempt would take a lot of time and the case would
be worse in case of mistake either in a part of work or completely.

TCS supports a portal where people can communicate each other to share
information. This is done through a chat application called "same time" where
people across the company chat and share information with each other instantly.
Information sharing could be done only through emails to communicate with each
other which is TCS domain enabled. Moreover, access is limited only within ODC
(Offshore Development Centre) where people work for the same project in
distinctive teams. The associates are not given access to this outside the work floor.

There are some interactive applications available in a portal supported by TCS

known as "Ultimatix". For instance, there is an application called "Justask" where
TCS can login using their identity can pose a question regarding any enquiry that
they want to be answered. These questions can be answered by any TCS employee.

3.3 Recruitment process:-

Recruitment Process:
TCS conducts 4 rounds to select fresher as Assistant System Engineer in their
organisation.

 Written Round
 Technical Round
 Managerial Round
 HR Round

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Written Round:-
The Written round consists of four sections and the total time allotted is 90
minutes. The four sections include:

1. Quantative aptitude test:-

The first is the Quantitative Aptitude test where the numerical and the
reasoning ability sections are tested. There are 20 questions that need to be
attempted in 40 minutes. There are 2-star questions which have more weight
than normal questions and are a bit tricky. There is negative marking of 1/3rd
for the questions other than the star. Important topics include Number system,
Equations, Ratio and Proportion, Percentages, Profit and Loss, Time and
Work, Time speed Distance, Areas and Mensuration, Averages, Permutations
and Combinations, Probability, Plane geometry, Seating Arrangements, Sets,
Progressions, Functions, Series, Coding, Truth and Lie based puzzles.

2. Programming language test:-

This round consists of general questions from computer science and
programming languages. It consists of 10 to 12 questions and the time allotted
is 20 minutes. It is an MCQ round and basically consists of basic
programming questions.

3. Coding Round:-
This is a technical coding round. It consists of 1 to 2 questions and the time
allotted is 20 minutes.
4. E-mail writing :-

There will be given certain clues/words using which you have to write an e-
mail addressing the scenario. You have to type the e-mail in the space given.
The most important thing is you have to use all the phrases given without
missing even a single one. The time allotted is 10 minutes.

You can refer to E-mail Writing to explore the questions asked in TCS and
practice further.

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Technical Round:-

The students who clear the written round are called for Technical Interview. There
is no hard & fast rule for which questions will be asked in this round, you can expect
questions on any topic depending on the panel. To clear this round you should be
clear with your basics. You should be prepared with Data structures and
Algorithms, DBMS, Operating System, Networking, OOPs concepts and a
programming language of your choice. Students from branches other than CS
should prepare for the other two subjects related to their branch. CS students will
be expected to write codes in the interview. You may be asked puzzles in this round.
To be prepared for puzzles you can practice from our Puzzles section.

Managerial Round:-

This round includes everything which was in Technical round plus it will be under
pressure and a lot of cross-checking. Doubts will be raised on your answers to check
if you can handle stress or not. Students may or may not be sent to this round
depending on the feedback of the previous round. If the feedback of the previous
round was good you may expect to directly been sent to HR round. Key for this
round is to be calm, confident, and clear on your thoughts and to not give up on
pressure. If you don’t know the answer you must try to attempt it with whatever
you know.

HR Round:-

This is the final round of the recruitment process. The interview panel can question
you anything related to your personality, family, education, hobbies, internships,
general knowledge, basic HR questions like Why should I hire you?, If any problem
in relocation etc. The key here is to be confident about everything you speak.

Career options:-

With the objective to ACCELERATE, CONNECT and EXPERIENCE a career

path opportunity for youth, TCS in partnership with AIESEC, have created a
platform for learning and development for Global Talents. The ACE Program is an

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international career program with the objective is to bring to TCS offices young
internationals with eagerness to learn and to add diversity to our working
environment, at the same give an opportunity to the youth to build a highly qualified
professional career.

Just as an organization needs the right talent to drive its business objectives, people
need the right environment to grow and achieve their career goals. The moment you
step into TCS, you would be greeted with that unmistakable feeling of being at the
right place. Along with that, working with TCS affords you with a sense of certainty
of a successful career that would be driven by boundless growth opportunities and
exposure to cut tinged get technologies and learning possibilities.
The work environment at TCS is built around the belief of growth beyond
boundaries. Some of the critical elements that define our work culture are global
exposure, cross-domain experience, and work-life balance. Each of these elements
goes much deeper than what it ostensibly conveys.

Aspirants when you choose Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) as your career
destination goal. Then you all will discover the power of certainty for your career.
TCS is an IT services, business solutions and outsourcing organization which will
deliver the right results to global businesses ensuring a level of confidence no other
firm can match obey if you grab the job in TCS. Candidates logging into the TCS
Careers Web Portal and follow them step by step process to register and get the
latest updates. Currently, the TCS recruitment team is going to fill the following
vacancies in the company by fresher, and experienced candidates and the list of
available jobs of TCS Careers is given below.

Working with such a reputed entity comes with its own set of perks and benefits for
the employees, such as:

 TCS has a very productive and supportive work environment.

 Ample growth and learning opportunities for employees.
 The company has flexible work timings as per the requirement of project
and amount of work.
 Employees get various personal benefits such as holiday homes for
vacations with their families.

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 A successful TCS career makes you adept in managing and working with a
team.
 There are mentors at various levels to help the employees with issues they
might face.
 The company has a vast library, online e-book collection, online videos and
tutorials
 The employees get exciting discounts on all TATA products and brands like
Tanishq, Croma, Fastrack, Titan, etc.
 Tata Housing: 2 to 2.5% discount or 1, 00,000 approx cash back on booking,
Tata motors: 10,000 to 1, 18,000 rupees cash back offer, Voltas: 10-20%
discount, etc.
 TCS career also provides you the opportunity to work in other countries
 The employees have a good work-life balance
 Health insurance covered for lesser premium in comparison with other
companies
 Within 4 years of consistent performance, you can easily reach the status of
IT Analyst
 As per an analyst with a Mumbai-brokerage the company is much bigger
than Infosys or Wipro, and executive stability has been a defining factor for
the company. “They also tend to promote from within. It is rare for an
executive to come in from outside,”

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 CHAPTER: 4
ABOUT COMPANIES FINANICAL ANALYSIS

4.1 Financial Analysis:-

Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is a global Indian IT company and a

leading company in the Indian IT space. TCS enjoys a high net profit margin and
has a liquid and debt-free balance sheet. This case study covers the background of
TCS and highlights its financial performance. The case provides sufficient
information for a ratio analysis to be done of TCS. Additionally, it helps to analyse
the financial performance of TCS through common size analysis, common base
analysis, and DuPont analysis. This case helps students to understand the financials
of Information Technology companies

Issues:-

 To understand financial statements of an information technology (IT)

company.
 To analyse and interpret the financial ratios of an IT company
 To analyse and interpret the common size and common base statements of
an IT company
 Forecast Bank’s financial statements and conduct the bank’s stock price
valuation.
 To understand the various challenges in doing ratio analysis for an IT
company.

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4.2 Capital structure:-

Authorized Issued
Instrument -PAIDUP-
Period Capital Capital
From- Face
(Rs cr) (Rs. cr) Shares (nos) Capital
To Value
2018- Equity
460.05 375.24 3,752,384,706 1 375.24
2019 Share
2017- Equity
460.05 191.43 1,914,287,591 1 191.43
2018 Share
2016- Equity
460.05 197.04 1,970,427,941 1 197.04
2017 Share

Source: Dion Global Solutions Limited

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4.3 P&L Account:-

PROFIT & LOSS MAR '20 MAR '19 MAR '18

ACCOUNT OF TATA
CONSULTANCY
SERVICES (in Rs. Cr.)
12 months 12 months 12 months
INCOME
Sales Turnover 131,306.00 123,170.00 97,356.00
Net Sales 131,306.00 123,170.00 97,356.00
Other Income 8,082.00 7,613.00 5,889.00
TOTAL INCOME 139,388.00 130,783.00 103,245.00
EXPENDITURE
Raw Materials 0.00 0.00 0.00
Power & Fuel Cost 0.00 0.00 0.00
Employee Cost 64,906.00 59,377.00 51,499.00
Other Manufacturing 0.00 2,003.00 2,006.00
Expenses
Miscellaneous Expenses 29,047.00 26,826.00 16,046.00
TOTAL EXPENSES 93,953.00 88,206.00 69,551.00
Operating Profit 37,353.00 34,964.00 27,805.00
PBDIT 45,435.00 42,577.00 33,694.00
PBDT 44,692.00 42,407.00 33,664.00
Depreciation 2,701.00 1,716.00 1,647.00
Profit Before Tax 41,991.00 40,691.00 32,017.00
PBT(Post Extra-ord Items) 41,991.00 40,691.00 32,017.00
Tax 8,731.00 10,640.00 6,690.00
Reported Net Profit 33,260.00 30,065.00 25,241.00
Total Value Addition 93,953.00 88,206.00 69,551.00
Equity Dividend 0.00 10,085.00 9,284.00
Corporate Dividend Tax 0.00 1,339.00 1,442.00
PER SHARE DATA
(ANNUALISED)
Shares in issue (lakhs) 37,500.00 37,523.85 19,142.88
Earnings Per Share (Rs) 88.69 80.12 131.86
Equity Dividend (%) 7,300.00 3,000.00 5,000.00
Book Value (Rs) 198.31 210.26 396.31

Source: Dion Global Solutions Limited

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4.4 Balance sheet:-
BALANCE SHEET
OF TATA
CONSULTANCY MAR '20 MAR '19 MAR '18
SERVICES (in Rs.
Cr.)
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Sources Of Funds
Total Share Capital 375.00 375.00 191.00
Equity Share Capital 375.00 375.00 191.00
Reserves 73,993.00 78,523.00 75,675.00
Net worth 74,368.00 78,898.00 75,866.00
Secured Loans 0.00 33.00 39.00
Unsecured Loans 0.00 0.00 181.00
Total Debt 0.00 33.00 220.00
TOTAL
74,368.00 78,931.00 76,086.00
LIABILITIES
Gross Block 16,903.00 21,864.00 20,338.00
Less: Accum.
0.00 12,203.00 10,898.00
Depreciation
NET BLOCK 16,903.00 9,661.00 9,440.00
Capital Work in
0.00 834.00 1,238.00
Progress
Investments 27,875.00 30,469.00 37,259.00
Inventories 5.00 10.00 25.00
Sundry Debtors 28,660.00 24,029.00 18,882.00
Cash and Bank
4,824.00 8,900.00 3,487.00
Balance
Total Current Assets 33,489.00 32,939.00 22,394.00
Loans and Advances 26,708.00 25,597.00 20,725.00
Total CA, Loans &
60,197.00 58,536.00 43,119.00
Advances
Current Liabilities 30,372.00 20,395.00 14,773.00
Provisions 235.00 174.00 197.00
Total CL & Provisions 30,607.00 20,569.00 14,970.00
NET CURRENT
29,590.00 37,967.00 28,149.00
ASSETS
TOTAL ASSETS 74,368.00 78,931.00 76,086.00
Contingent Liabilities 0.00 4,721.00 8,355.00
Book Value (Rs) 198.31 210.26 396.31

Source: Dion Global Solutions Limited

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4.5 Trend analysis:-

BALANCE SHEET OF TATA

MAR '20 MAR '19 Changes
CONSULTANCY SERVICES
12 mths 12 mths
(Rs. Cr) (Rs. Cr)
Sources Of Funds
Total Share Capital 375.00 375.00 0.00
Equity Share Capital 375.00 375.00 0.00
Reserves 73,993.00 78,523.00 4530.00
Net worth 74,368.00 78,898.00 4530.00
Secured Loans 0.00 33.00 33.00
TOTAL DEBT 0.00 33.00 33.00
TOTAL LIABILITIES 74,368.00 78,931.00 4563.00
Gross Block 16,903.00 21,864.00 4961.00
Less: Accum. Depreciation 0.00 12,203.00 12,203.00
Net Block 16,903.00 9,661.00 -7242.00
Capital Work in Progress 0.00 834.00 834.00
Investments 27,875.00 30,469.00 2594.00
Inventories 5.00 10.00 5.00
Sundry Debtors 28,660.00 24,029.00 -4631.00
Cash and Bank Balance 4,824.00 8,900.00 4076.00
Total Current Assets 33,489.00 32,939.00 -550.00
Loans and Advances 26,708.00 25,597.00 -1,111.00
Total CA, Loans & Advances 60,197.00 58,536.00 -1661.00
Current Liabilities 30,372.00 20,395.00 -9977.0
Provisions 235.00 174.00 -61.00
-
Total CL & Provisions 30,607.00 20,569.00
10038.00
NET CURRENT ASSETS 29,590.00 37,967.00 8377.00
TOTAL ASSETS 74,368.00 78,931.00 4563.00
Contingent Liabilities 0.00 4,721.00 4721.00
Book Value (Rs) 198.31 210.26 11.95

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4.5 RATIO ANALYSIS:-
Liquidity ratio:-

1) Current ratio:-
Current ratios measure current liquidity of the company.

Formula: – Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities

Ideal ratio = 2:1

Year Current assets Current liabilities Current ratio

2020 33,489.00 30,372.00 1.10:1

2019 32,939.00 20,395.00 1.62:1

2018 22,394.00 14,773.00 1.52:1

Interpretation:- Current ratio of the company is less than 2, so the company is not
more liquid. And company may not be using its current asset efficiently. And also
indicates problems in working capital management. In the above table see that
current ratio of last 3 year is less than 2 i.e. in 2020it is 1.10, 2019 current ratio is
1.62 and in 2018 it is 1.52. After 2017 current ratio is declining so short term debt
is increases of the company.

2) Acid-test ratio:-
Acid-test ratios also known as quick ratio. In it compares company’s most short
term assets to its short term liabilities to see, short term debt.

Formula: - Acid-test ratio = liquid assets / current liabilities.

IDEAL RATIO = 1:1

Year Liquid assets Current liabilities Acid-test ratio

2020 4824.00 + 5.00 30,372.00 0.16:1

2019 10.00 + 8900.00 20,395.00 0.43:1

2018 25.00 +3487.00 14,773.00 0.23:1

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Interpretation:- If the quick ratio is above 1 that its considered good. When quick
ratio of the company is higher than 1 than company experiencing top line growth,
quickly converting receivables into cash. And easily cover its financial change. In
the year 2020, 2019 and 2018 quick ratio is less than 1. So it is not good for the
company.

3) Cash Ratio:-
The cash ratio is a liquidity measure that shows a company's ability to cover its
short-term obligations using only cash and cash equivalents.

The cash ratio is derived by adding a company's total reserves of cash and near-cash
securities and dividing that sum by its total current liabilities.

The cash ratio is more conservative than other liquidity ratios because it only
considers a company's most liquid resources.

Formula: - Cash Ratio = Cash & Cash Equivalents / Current Liabilities

Cash & cash Current

Year Cash ratio
equivalent liabilities

2020 4824.00 30,372.00 0.15

2019 8900.00 20,395.00 0.43

2018 3487.00 14,773.00 0.23

Interpretation:- It is seen from the above table that during the year 2018,
the cash ratio was 0.23. In 2019, it was 0.42 and in 2020, it was 0.15 . This
shows that the current ratio is frequently increasing every year which means
that the company is going to be in good position in near future.

Leverage financial ratios:-

1) Debt ratio:-
The debt ratio measures the amount of leveraged used by a company.
Investor look for company have a debt ratio between 0.3 and 0.6.

Formula: - Total liabilities/ Total assets.

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 Year Total liabilities Total assets Debt ratio

2020 74,368.00 74,368.00 1:1

2019 78,931.00 78,931.00 1:1

2018 76,086.00 76,086.00 1:1

Interpretation: - Debt ratio is between 0.4 to 0.03 is good. But less than that
indicates company have greater credit worthiness. It is also risk when company
carrying too little debt. In this 3 year i.e. 2020, 2019and 2018 is same. So it is good
for company.

2) Debt to equity ratio:-

Debt to equity ratio focuses on company’s leverage and long term solvency.

Formula = short term debt + long term debt + other fixable payments (debt of the
company)/ shareholder’s equity.

IDEAL RATIO= 2:1

Year Debt Shareholder equity Debt to equity ratio.

2020 0.00 375.00 0:1

2019 33.00 375.00 0.09:1

2018 220.00 191.00 1.15:1

Interpretation: - TCS debt to equity ratio is less than 1, that means assets of the
company are more funded by equity. And in this two years i.e. 2019, and 2018 debt
to equity ratio is less than 1. And in one year i.e. 2017 debt to equity ratio is more
than 1.

3) Interest coverage ratio:-

The interest coverage ratio measures how many times a company can cover its
current interest payments with its available earnings.

FORMULA= EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) / Interest expense.

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 Interest coverage
Year EBIT Interest expenses
ratio

2020 360,870.00 540.00 668.27

2019 340,920.00 520.00 655.62

2018 415,630.00 1980.00 209.91

Interpretation: - The TCS's interest coverage ratio is greater, so debt of the

company is lower. Also higher ratio indicates better financial health. And company
is more capable to meeting interest obligation from operating earnings.

Efficiency ratio:-

1) Assets turnover ratio:-

Assets turnover ratio measures the value of a company’s sales or revenues relative
to the value of its assets. It indicates the efficiency of company is using its assets to
generate revenue.

Formula= Net sales / Total assets

Year Net sales Total assets Assets turnover ratio

2020 131,306.00 74,368.00 1.77

2019 123,170.00 78,931.00 1.56

2018 97,356.00 76,086.00 1.28

Interpretation:- TCS’s assets turnover ratio is higher. So, company performing

better. Company is generating more revenue per RS of assets.

Profitability ratio:

1) Gross margin ratio:- Gross margin ratio also known as the gross profit margin
ratio. It shows how much profit a company makes after paying off COGS.

Formula= Net sales-COGS / net sales×100

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 Gross margin
Year Net sales Cogs
ratio

2020 126,7460.00 926640.00 136.78

2019 123,1040.00 905,880.00 135.89

2018 146,4630.00 106,9570.00 136.94

Interpretation- Gross margin of the year 2018, 2019 and 2020 is more than 50%
is considering high gross margin ratio. So, at that time sales price of the TCS'S is
not decline. It is improved so it is good for the company. Because company
maintaining revenue.

2) Operating margin ratio

The operating margin measures how much profit a company makes on a dollar of
sales, after paying for variable cost of production, such as wages and raw materials,
but before paying interest or tax.

Formula= operating profit / sales*100 (operating expense-gross profit)

Year Operating profit Sales Operating margin ratio

2020 37,353.00 1,31,306.00 28.45

2019 34,964.00 1,23,170.00 28.39

2018 27,805.00 97,356.00 28.56

Interpretation: - In each 3 years, company’s operating margin ration is positive so

it indicates ability to control costs. Cost of production is not exceeds to total sales
of the company.

3) Return on assets:-

Return on assets indicates how much profit a company is able to generate from its
assets. It measures how efficient company’s management is in generating earnings
from their economic resources or assets on their balance sheet.

Formula= profit before tax/total assets.

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 Year PBT Total assets Return on assets ratio

2020 41,991.00 74,368.00 0.56

2019 40,691.00 78,931.00 0.51

2018 32,017.00 76,086.00 0.42

Interpretation: - The year 2018and 2019 return on assets is less. So at that time
TCS, so is not efficient using its assets to generate sales. In the year 2019 it is
increasing so company is earning more money on less investment and generating
revenue efficiently.

Market value ratio:-

1. Dividend yield ratio:-

The dividend yield, expressed as a percentage, is a financial ratio that shows how
much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its stock price.

The reciprocal of the dividend yield is the dividend pay-out ratio. The dividend pay-
out ratio is the ratio of the total amount of dividends paid out to shareholders relative
to the net income of the company.

Formula: - market value per share / Dividend per share

Market value Dividend yield

Year Dividend per share
per share ratio

2020 2259 6.00 376.5

2019 2296 18.00 127.56

2018 2273 29.00 78.38

Interpretation: - A company with a high dividend yield pays its investors a large
dividend compared to the fair market value of the stock. This means the
investors are getting highly compensated for their investments compared with
lower dividend yielding stocks. A high or low dividend yield is relative to the
industry of the company. So in 2018 and 2019 the investors get high amount of
dividend and in 2020 the ratio is 376.5 so investors get low amount of dividend.

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2) Price earnings ratio:-

The price-earnings ratio, also known as P/E ratio, P/E, or PER, is the ratio of a
company's share (stock) price to the company's earnings per share. The ratio is used
for valuing companies and to find out whether they are overvalued or undervalued.

Formula: - Stock price / Earnings per share.

Earnings per Price

Year Stock price
share earnings ratio

2020 2259 88.69 25.47

2019 2296 80.12 28.66

2018 2273 131.86 17.24

Interpretation: -The P/E ratio helps investors determine the market value of a
stock as compared to the company's earnings. In short, the P/E shows what the
market is willing to pay today for a stock based on its past or future earnings. A
high P/E could mean that a stock's price is high relative to earnings and possibly
overvalued. Conversely, a low P/E might indicate that the current stock price is low
relative to earnings. So in 2020 and 2019 the ratio is high so earning is high and in
2018 the ratio is 17.24 so the earning is low.

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 CHAPTER: - 5
ABOUT COMPANIES OTHER AERAS

About Companies Other Areas:

5.1 SWOT Analysis:-

Strength:-

Clients from diversified markets: TCS has clients from diversified industries such
as Banking, financial services, retail, telecom and media and entertainment etc.
Exposure to diversified business industries dilutes business risks of overdependence
on a single market or industry.

Geographic Footprint: TCS has strategically expanded to geographically diversified

markets throughout the globe which includes North America, the UK, Middle East
Europe, Africa and Asia-Pacific. Presence in geographically diversified markets
reduces business risks and creates a strong global image for TCS.

Strategically established partnership network: TCS has established the strong

partnership with global c2ompanies around the world. It has partnered with some
technology giants such as Adobe, Amazon, Bosch, Dell and HP etc. These
partnerships allow TCS to deliver technologically sustainable and innovative
business as well as strategic solutions.

Strong portfolio of services offered: TCS has a strong and balanced portfolio of
offered services which includes, Business process services (BPS) application
development and maintenance, IT infrastructure, business intelligence and much
more. Such a strong and diverse portfolio attracts various business clients

Weakness:-

Legal battles: In 2014, TCS was involved in a legal battle against Epic Systems for
alleged misuse of Epic System’s confidential information. In 2016, TCS was found
guilty and was ordered to pay damages worth $940 million. TCS has opposed the

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judgment and challenging it to the higher jurisdiction. Such incidents affect the
image of the company.

Decline in performance by Diligent: Diligenta, a subsidiary of TCS has

continuously performed below par. The company is not expected to improve on
performance soon and thus affects TCS’s bottom-line.

Opportunities:-

Digital transformational technologies: The world is going digital and hence

business dynamics are also changing to the digital economy. TCS has focused on
digitally transforming itself and provide digital solutions. TCS should look ahead
to spend more on digital transformation technologies.

Cloud-based solutions: With the advent of digital transforming technologies and

fast internet connectivity. The world is moving towards cloud based solutions and
as a matter of fact, the spending on cloud services is expected to grow at a CAGR
of over 19% in the next 5 years. TCS has a solid infrastructure to provide cloud-
based solutions and hence it is well poised to be benefitted with the demand created.

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) solutions: M2M solutions are those which allow

wireless as well as wired communications systems. There is a positive outlook for
M2M solutions in the future and is expected to generate high revenues. TCS has a
comprehensive suite of M2M services which will enable to take advantage of the
demand for M2M solutions.

Enterprise Mobility market: With increasing, mobile worker population and

increased usage of sophisticated mobile devices, enterprise mobility solutions are
expected to be driven by business applications. There is a latent demand for
mobility solutions which is expected to grow at a CAGR of 24.7% till 2022. With
TCS’ increasing focus on developing enterprise mobility solutions, it is well
positioned to benefit.

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Threats:-

Immigration restrictions: With stricter immigration laws, increased H-1B visa

fees and changing political circumstances in the US, Indian IT companies are
expected to suffer from it as it will increase its costs and impact profitability and
hence this is a threat to the industry.

Intense competition: The IT industry is subjected to intense competition from

companies such as Wipro, Infosys, Accenture, Deloitte etc. This leads to pricing
wars in the industry and limits market share.

The SWOT Analysis for Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is given below:-

Strength Weaknesses
1. Healthy Balance Sheet with Strong 1. Major products absent, largely
Financials. dependent on services.
2. Flagship company of reputed TATA 2. Largely dependent on North American
group. and European markets.
3.Strong dominance in domestic market 3. IT integration across industries to
4. Comprehensive business portfolio drive growth.
with end-to-end technology service
offerings.
5. Impressive client base with several
Fortune500 clients.
6. Increasing focus on innovation.

Opportunities
1. Business consulting has the potential
to drive upstream growth.
2. Pursuing inorganic growth by
acquisitions in strategic areas.
Threats
1.Intense competition from domestic and
International players.
2. Visa fees and legislations to impact the
operating model.
3.Brexit to impact projects in EU markets
4. Penalty from lawsuits will impact
TCS' reputation and financial
performance.

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5.2 Competitive Analysis:-

The main anxiety for TCS is opposition from existing companies like Wipro,
Infosys and CTS as it has produced rivalry for active dealings and twisted
noteworthy pricing stress. Internationally, Companies like EDS have sited
themselves as competent of handling huge, “turnkey” ventures which can
distinguish themselves from contestants such as Accenture and IBM that spotlights
on superior value-added jobs such as consulting. This proposes an organically-
driven expansion strategy for TCS: as TCS should persist to do the similar sort of
job that it presently do, but should attempt to arrest a better section of the value-
addition by accepting huge projects. Although it has exhibited a potential in distant
project management, TCS would be requisite to increase the same capability.
MARKET
LAST SALES NET TOTAL
COMPANY CAP.
PRICE TURNOVER PROFIT ASSETS
(RS. CR.)
TCS 2,694.20 1,010,971.58 131,306.00 33,260.00 80,602.00
INFOSYS 1,128.00 480,462.57 79,047.00 15,543.00 65,655.00
HCL
864.00 234,459.35 32,606.00 8,969.00 39,747.00
TECHNOLOGIES

5.3 PESTEL Analysis:-

PESTLE Analysis of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) analyses the brand on its
business tactics. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) PESTLE Analysis examines the
various external factors like political, economic, social, technological (PEST)
which impacts its business along with legal & environmental factors. The PESTLE
Analysis highlights the different extrinsic scenarios which impact the business of
the brand.

PESTLE analysis is a framework which is imperative for companies such as Tata

Consultancy Services (TCS), as it helps to understand market dynamics & improve
its business continuously. PESTLE analysis is also referred to as PESTEL analysis.

Let us start the Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) PESTLE Analysis:

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Political Factors:-

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has established a dominant position in the

domestic market. Although the positioning of the firm is strong is India, it still
depends largely upon North American and European markets. At the time of the
Brexit the company focused on areas such as immigration and passport controls on
the airports, Custom excise reporting and cross border market access. The European
Union makes up more than 20% of the revenues for the firms. 10% of the pound
value fell after the referendum regarding UK’s decision to leave EU was announced.
Many companies in Europe had postponed their software spending. Even the long-
term projects were postponed by the companies the EU although the viability of the
short-term projects wasn’t affected. They experienced selling pressure of shares due
to political instability in Britain which is one of the major clients of Tata
Consultancy Services (TCS).

Economic Factors:-

As mentioned in the annual report the TCS’s revenue has exceeded the figure of
$20 billion, which is almost 20 times than that in the last 16 years. They have
established a strong market position in terms of securing the rank of being the first
Indian company to have a market capitalization of $100 billion in the last ten years.
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has always followed an unconventional path for
creating differentiated strategy, creating its market success and allocating the
capital. They truly believe in the company’s ability to maintain the high revenue
growth as well as the profitability of the firm over the longer period. The revenue
growth of the firm has increased with a CAGR of 12.4%. They were awarded with
the honour of being the fastest growing brand in IT services worldwide by Brand
Finance.

Social Factors:-

Over the years of its operations, Tata Consultancy Services has gained expertise
into the area of establishing and retaining the existing customers. They have
designed certain set of features which are quite unique to the company which has
helped them in gaining popularity among its current set of clients. They provide a

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good work life balance to the employees. Although the company has been criticized
for many levels of hierarchy in the organization. Nevertheless, the company has
established a very strong financial presence across its areas of operations which
provide its client with a certain level of confidence in the company. Since India is
already the IT hub for TCS, it employs the skilled labour which is then posted onsite
for handling the clients. The skilled labour further speaks about the stability of the
company in front of the clients.

Technological Factors:-

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) attributes the success of the company towards its
investment in technology and the preference given by the company to innovation.
The company collaborated with Singapore Airline Operations Solution, in order to
change the ground operations with the help of digital technologies which would
further improve operational efficiency and provide an enriched customer
experience. They further launched an Intelligent Power Plant Solution in order to
digitally transform operation with the help of power utilities, by combining AI, IoT
and Digital Twin technologies. The company also revealed the Machine First
Delivery Model at the North America Customer Summit as a proper channel of
providing superior experiences to the customers. It is a robust model which would
incorporate the use of analytics and AI in order to sense, understand, decide and
then act in a dynamic environment.

Legal Factors:-
TCS has been held responsible for stealing data in the past. The case was filed by
Computer Science Corporation where Tata Consultancy Services was held
responsible of fraudulently accessing content to construct an insurance platform.
According to CSC, the company was abusing its authority while accessing the
codes. The company further alleged that some TCS employee copied and then
pasted some part of CSC’s insurance source code. They were of the view that the
employee not only copied the code but sent it colleagues through e-mail. In return
CSC mentioned that they wanted TCS to compensate them for damages suffered.
The case is quite similar to one that was filed against the company in the past, where
they were accused by Epic Systems. TCS had lost the case where the company
suffered from heavy penalties of up to $420 million.

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Environmental Factors:-
Tata Consultancy Services truly believes that providing equitable access to financial
services to the poorest of states can act as a direct bridge out of poverty. TCS
launched a financial inclusion network which plays a major role in order to bring
about a banking revolution. The idea is to create a complete ecosystem where
participants are connected through an ecosystem to facilitate a seamless delivery of
banking services even in the most remote areas. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
has been able to launch more than 300 million + bank accounts under the umbrella
of the same mission. The solution is supported by 100000 banking correspondents,
which are equipped with devices connected to hand held devices which facilitates
all types of services such as deposits, withdrawals, micro-loans, collections and
remittances etc.

The PESTLE Analysis for Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is given below:

Political
1. Brexit to impact projects in UK
and EU markets.
2. Preferred technology company for
government projects in India.
Economical
1. Large workforce strength with
higher compensation increasing
operating costs.
2.Increase in local hiring in U.S and
other countries to impact cost
structure
3.Tax benefit from extension of
Special Economic Zone (SEZ) scheme

Social
1. TATA group has a brand
reputation and is known for ethics
and integrity which helps TCS win
business.
2.TCS is involved considerably in
employee volunteer investments and
IT education to school students
Technological
1.Needs to focus more on technology
products and solutions rather than just
on services
2. Digital five forces \u2013
"mobility, big data, social media,
cloud computing and robotics" to be
the main growth driver.

Legal
Environmental
1.Penalty from impending lawsuits
1.Extensive deployment of smart
will impact TCS' reputation and
metering within its India operations
incur significant penalties
2. TCS’ strategy to build 'green'
2.Legislations in US, UK, Australia
infrastructure and energy efficient IT
and other major markets for overseas
infrastructure empowers its
workers to impact TCS' operating
environmental sustainability roadmap.
model

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5.4 CSR activities:-
“In a free enterprise, the community is not just another stakeholder in business, but
is in fact the very purpose of its existence.” CJamsetji Tata, Founder of the Tata
Group, 1868

At Tata Consultancy Services, TCS believe in making a positive impact on the

community by using technology to innovate solutions, ensuring TCS business is
environmentally and socially responsible, and encouraging tcs people to volunteer
in the community.

Corporate Social Responsibility is the way that TCS company; Tata Consultancy
Services, can use core business to create a positive impact in our community. TCS
focus particular attention on the areas of environmental sustainability, health and
education. We celebrate the power of TCS people, and their family members, to
make a difference to the community.

TCS make an impact in the following ways:

 Pro-bono support for community organizations using TCS core

competencies
 Community volunteering involving our people and their families
 Philanthropic support for charities
 Sustainable business operations
 Partnerships with our clients on CSR activities

Philanthropy is embedded in the Tata ownership structure, with 66% of the equity
capital held by charitable trusts. 49% of the Tata Consultancy Services annual
dividend is distributed to the Tata & Sons philanthropic trusts.

CSR activities is given below:-

Steam Education: - Empowering communities through technology.

Community innovation: - Creating social impact through core business.

Employee volunteering: - Celebrating the power of our people.

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5.5 To analyse the market opportunities for the company:-

TCS STRATEGY

Corporate Overview:-

TCS is an IT services, consulting and business solutions organization offering

transformational as well as outsourcing services to global enterprises. We have a
global presence, deep domain expertise in multiple industry verticals and a rich
portfolio of services – consisting of consulting and service integration, digital
transformation services, and cognitive business operations – targeting every C-suite
stakeholder. We use all these, and our industry leading suite of products and
platforms to deliver high quality, high impact solutions leveraging the latest
technologies to customers across the world.

TCS Strategy for Long Term Growth:-

TCS has successfully navigated through multiple technology cycles over the last
five decades, pivoting and adapting each time to build relevant new capabilities and
helping our clients realize the benefits of that new technology. Our responsiveness,
agility and adaptability to change have been core to our longevity.

TCS plans to allow 75% of its workforce to work from home by 2025:-

TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) is set to allow 75 per cent of its workforce to work
from home, by the year 2025. If the future plan of allowing 75 per cent of the
workforce to work from home implements, TCS would require less office space
than occupied today.

As much as 75 per cent of employees of the Tata Consultancy (TCS) will be

working from home by the year 2025, the company has said. In figures, 4.48 lakh
of its global employees will be working from home permanently by 2025. The TCS
has over 4,48,000 of the consultants in 46 countries. This comes at a time when
organisations have been forced to allow their employees to work from home, due
to the coronavirus pandemic. Earlier, only 20 per cent of employees at TCS used to

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work from home. As of now, nearly 90 per cent of employees at the company are
working from home, due to the coronavirus pandemic.

TCS positioned well for the future, says CEO Rajesh Gopinathan:-

TCS saw its digital revenue jump up 44.8 per cent year-on-year in the quarter ended
June, and it currently accounts for around 25 per cent of revenue.

"We are starting the new fiscal year on a strong note, with the growth engine firing
on all cylinders," TCS CEO and managing director Rajesh Gopinathan said in a
statement announcing the Q1 results, adding, "With a good set of wins during the
quarter, a robust deal pipeline and accelerating digital demand, we are positioned
well for the future".

So is the company finally back on a double-digit growth path? "In the medium term,
the growth is definitely sustainable as it is broad-based across verticals and
geographies. North America and BFSI - two large segments for us - are turning
around. This is where the optimism is coming from," he told The Economic Times.
The Tata Group flagship firm's BFSI vertical growth accelerated an impressive 4.1
per cent in the quarter under review.

But he does not rule out "one off events or economic turmoil" throwing a spanner
in the works. Gopinathan maintains that while there is definite visibility into the
next quarter, a lot also depends on how the holiday season pans out. "Retail is still
a bit weak and I wouldn't rule out a bankruptcy of some company there," he
ominously added.

TCS saw its digital revenue jump up 44.8 per cent year-on-year in the quarter ended
June, and it currently accounts for around 25 per cent of revenue. But going ahead,
while the company sees its digital business scaling up, it also expects growth to
moderate. "We grew better than 30% last financial year. We are confident of doing
30% again in FY19. It will moderate as size increases," Gopinathan told the daily.

Gopinathan, who completed a year as TCS chief earlier this year, interestingly does
not see battle lines drawn up as digital versus traditional. "While we break up
service lines as digital and non-digital, contracts don't. They are a composite of the

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two. There is still legacy procurement happening. Digital comes in at a better price
point but also has different challenges from a delivery perspective," he explained.

The future, he claims, is the machine-first delivery model. "Our approach to

automation is traditional, it is not about what the machine can do for you, it is about
what you can do with the machine," he explained, adding that this is TCS' approach
of integrating automation into the basics of how enterprise technology is delivered.
Obviously, any benefits from automation will only come about post integration. But
TCS is not interested in "headline-grabbing stuff", say, a chess-playing machine.
"That doesn't deliver value to an enterprise," claims Gopinathan. Instead, the value
comes from more predictable operations. "Think about machine-first delivery as the
next decade phenomenon, like global network delivery model was for the last two
decades," he added.

Another sea change currently underway is how customer boundaries are getting
erased. "Traditionally people thought of vertical integration, up and down the value
chain. Now enterprises are collaborating more horizontally. It is an evolving trend.
It has a [changing] business model and has a high technology leverage," said
Gopinathan. The key is to open up as an enterprise for effective collaboration.

5.6 Competitors:-

 Infosys, Wipro, HCL Technologies, Tech Mahindra and Cognizant are some
of the top competitors of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). All these are
major IT exporters in India.
 IBM Global Services is the global competitor.

Below are the top 5 TATA Consultancy Services (TCS) competitors:

1. Infosys
2. Wipro Technologies
3. Mahindra Satyam
4. Cognizant
5. IBM

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REFERENCES
 https://www.tcs.com/about-us
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services
 https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tataconsultancyservices/profit-
loss/tcs
 https://www.moneycontrol.com/promo/mc_wap_interstitial_dfp.php?classi
c=true

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 Index for Certificate Courses Attended as Part of Summer Project

Sr. No. Date Duration Title

(in hours)
1 20th June 1 hour Tourism &Covid-19: How to turn the crisis into
2020 opportunity.
2 21st June 1 hour NEET and world beyond: Post Covid-19
2020
3 3rd july 1 hour Basics of association rule mining and its application
2020
4 4th july 1 hour Horticultural Therapy for our daily life and for the
2020 palliative care
5 5th july 1 hour Green skills for Eco-livelihood Devlopment
2020
6 8th july 1hour Human genetic and holistic health
2020
7 10th july 2 hour SWOT Analysis and Competitive Analysis
2020