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my

Slected
Morden Poems
uHraumif;wJYyifv,f ........................................ 5
anmifav;yifudk jzwfoGm;jcif; ........................... 8
oabFmqdyf ..................................................... 10
[m&Dudef; ........................................................ 12
arG;pm;om; ...................................................... 14
awmvm; ......................................................... 17
'D½kyf'D&nf ........................................................ 19
vufzuf&nfqkdif xkdifckHay:okdY ajy;vmaomtvif;
....................................................................... 21
OD;odef;wkdU vrf;xdyf .......................................... 24
xGufqkdcsuf 1 ................................................. 27
armifr0gygbl; ................................................. 31
azaz:0g&D (25)&uf? nae (5)em&D .................. 34
trSwfwrJhaeYrsm; ............................................. 37
&efukefNrdKUay: tkHYqkdif;wJYrkd;om; .......................... 40
pdwfvGifhol ....................................................... 43
vjcrf; ............................................................. 46
aomucGuf ..................................................... 47
uRefawmfusefcJhwJharar................................... 50
vGifjyif ........................................................... 52
trnfrJhoDcsif;................................................. 57
tdrfai;ol ....................................................... 60
wpfnvkH;rtdyfcJh&wJh nBuD;&JU aumifrav; ...... 70
rrwif&JU ausmif;uav; ................................117
awmt&ufqkdif[efaqmifaeaom ZD;yifuav;
.....................................................................122
*Dw ...............................................................127
a&m*gonf;csdef 'Da&rsm; ................................128
oHa,mZOf wHwm;..........................................132
ydawmuf&eHY...................................................135
vrf;cGJrkd; ........................................................137
wpfnoü .....................................................139
tylonf .......................................................140
n .................................................................143
vGrf;y ...........................................................146
rif;tjyKtrlukd ukd,fpm;jyKaom ighoDcsif; .......148
rsufESmzkH; .......................................................150
av ...............................................................152
u,fvDzkd;eD;,m; ay: yD...................................155
wpfcGuf wpfzvm; .........................................157
jyZmwfyg;yg;av; ...........................................160
qHkrSwf ...........................................................171
ta0;a&muf iSufuav;awG zwfzkdY uAsm ......178
uHraumif;wJYyifv,f

tvkd? Mum;y? 0HykavGvmqifiJY? igYESvkH;om;


jrif;½kdif;ESifoH*Dw

&J0HY? &GufvTifhjcif;rsm;&JU aw;rSm?


igu &ifeifhatmif a0;&/

rkd;wdrfawGukd ckd;,lvmwJY ]av}?


tJ'g? igY tysKd&nf £a`E´rQ/

igu qmrGwfcif iwfvm&if? aumif;uif


taoukdyJ? rsKdrsKdcs/
iSu½f kdif;awG awmifyHcwfoH jyif;jyif;ESif
MuaygY?
igYukd,fig jyefcspfaewJY n/

va&mifuawmY? qm'pfqifa&m*geJY?
igYobm0 (okdY) &m*ukd EId;qG/

ADvkH;iSufwpfaumifawmifrS rykdifqkdif&wJY
naeawG? ig pdwfav wwfvS/

av0if;ycsdef? igaomufwJY aetkd0kdifxJ?


ESif;qDyGifha<u aygavmxkH&S/

jrpfawG&JU yspfcRJcRJ 0gusawGeJY? vIyf&G?


igYom;tdrf vuFm&/
a0;aom awmifukef;awG? igYtu MunfhNyD;?
yufvufvSJ? rkdYarmuf? ndKjr/

a[m[kdrSm igYukd usdefqJol?


wHig&JU &ifom;wGJwGJ rkqkd;r/

rkefwkdif;&JU t"r® tdyf&mrSm? igu tjyma&mif


txD;usef "r®/

tkd? 0HykavGtkdBuD;&JU? oifhukdom ig


EIwfquf&JU? emusOf;pGm pGefYcGgcJYNyD;rS/ /

atmifa0;
jrm;ewfarmif? Ekd0ifbm? 1992
anmifav;yifudk jzwfoGm;jcif;

tJ'g ighudkarG;wJU NrdKUav;


igh&ifckefiJU vif;,kef&JUaw;
o[m rEÅav; oGm;&mvrf;av
ig a[m'Dum;ay: &Da0ai;/

tarU&JU 'ku©tdk;uav;a&
vm xl;tdrfoif ighzdkUidkav
] rdkufrdkufrJrJ ½dk;om;aeqJ }
a[m'D um;ay:u iguGJaMu/

Mu,fawGvawG igvGrf;qGwfNrJ
avmuurf;yg; igjzwfoef;NrJ
qdwfzvl;&eHU vrf;cGJrsm;pGm
rsuf&nf a[m'Dum;ay:rSm0J/

ightar ighudk rawGU jrif&Sm


rkefwdkif;xH ysHoef;wJhnrSm
um;u ighudk o,foGm;wJhcg
acwfu ighudk o,foGm;wJhcg/ /

atmifa0;
jrm;ewfarmif? azaz:0g&D? 1994
oabFmqdyf

a[morSm tem*wfr&SdawmhovkdrsKd;
b,favmufMumMum ig&yfae&OD;r,fqkdwm
aexGufeJY ae0ifwkdYuawmifrodbl;/

jrpfa&tvsifuawmh
va&mifyGwfoyfwmcH&if;
tirf;r& EIwfcrf;wpfpkHeJY
wdrfawGukdyJ rsKdrsKdcs/
wpfcgwpfcg
½kyf&Sifxufawmif ykdNyD;½kyf&Sifqefaeay;wJY
jrifuGif;rsKd;
oabFmwpfpif;wavrS r&SdwJhn
vIdif;awG rdef;rvkd yufvufvSJjyef&JU/

tJ'g oabFmqdyfwpfckygyJ
a[m[kdu vmaewJY iSufwpftkyfukd
EIwfqufzkdY apmifh&if;
jrpfrif;[m aumif;uifxJwGm;0ifcJhNyD/ /

atmifa0;
yef;a0oD? azaz:0g&D? 1993
[m&Dudef;

oabFmawG ausmufcsaewJt h cg
ig vrf;avQmufaewmaygh/
opfyifawGNidrfouf
igu tdyfruf/
igYukdarmif;xkwfwJY yifv,fqD
igrjyefawmh/
awmifukef;awGuvnf;
olwkdYausmay:u
igYukdwGef;cs/
ig avnif;&JUom;yg
ig ta0;BuD;u vmcJhwmyg
emusifvScsnf&JU
armyef;vScsnf&JU/
'DvkdeJY ...
wpfn
igY'Pf&mukd uk&if;
tarSmif&JU ykvif;cGHxJ
igtdyfcJhNyD/
reufvif;awmh
igYukd,fay:u ESif;qDt&ufawG
aea&mif wysyfysyfeJYvsufvkdY/ /

atmifa0;
jrm;ewfarmif? Zlvkdif? 1993
arG;pm;om;

opfyifqkd&if opf&GufawG0g;jcrf;rSmn§yf
aoewfqkd&if uav;upm;wJY acsmufcsuf
rif;om;qkd&if vl½Tifawmfwpfa,muf
vlqkd;BuD;rJvkH;qkd&if vl½Tifawmfwpfa,muf
aemufcHum;qkd&if rawmufwacguf
awmjyZmwfav;yg/

tJ'D opfyifatmufrSm (0g;jcrf;awG vIyf&rf;)


tJ'D pum;rajymwwfwJha&Ttukd (vuf[ef
ajc[efeJY)
tJ'D vlqkd;BuD;rJvkH;uawGU&SdoGm; (ausmoyf
&ifoyf)
tJ'D ]arG;pm;om;} Zmwfvrf;jzpfua&m
(r,f'vifoH)
tJ'D awmjyZmwfav;yg/

aus;Zl;w&m;awG a&mpyfaewJY rIdUtdwfukd


vufpm;ajcjcif; ul;wkdYqdyfa&mufcgrS
a&Ttu wdwfwqdwfavovSyfjyw,f/

] pum;rajymwwfcsif [efaqmif&wm
bl;qkdYzGifht&ufykvif; a&pdrfaomuf&ovkd
ygyJ } wJY
(uJ a&Tt&JU 'kdifawG vTwfraumif;vm;)
vlqkd;BuD;rJvkH;a&
NyKH;NyHK;uav; aovkdufprf;ygawmY/
a&mY tJ'g tazYtwGuf('kdif;)
a&mY tJ'g tarYtwGuf('kdif;)
a&mY tJ'gu usKyftwGuf('kdif;)
okH;csufpvkH;rSm
a&Tt[m olYukd,fol ypfowfvkduf ygw,f//

oif;vIdifopf
&,fp&m? rwff? 2000
awmvm;

xkH;pHtwkdif; wpfrkd;aomuf
] ode;f 300 ayguf&ifaumif;r,f }
tJ'Daw;oGm;ukdzGifhaeMuNrdKUawmf
wpfywf&pfbwf(pf)um;xJ aocsifapmfeH
topfpufpuf pdwf<up&m A&yG
topfpufpuf pdwfusp&m wpfykHwpfacgif;
pkHvkH;uef;rkdufavmufatmif
½IdufzkdBuD;i,frsm;nHpDpD
*VKefqm;csufzkdY? oHylwkef; wlxkzkdY
'D&yfuGufemrnfu jynfvkH;csrf;om [kwfp
owåKcsMunfhawmY wifusD;wpf0rf;?
AsKdif;wpf0rf; bmom&yfyJ
'geJYyJ xkH;pHtwkdif;ae&DoGm;/ /

tkdatmif
jrm;ewfarmif? {NyD? 2001
'D½kyf'D&nf

raeYuvkd
rarSmifcif
nae a&mufvmjyef/

tJ'Dvrf;rSm
ysHus? yckH;xrf;eJY uapmfqkdifawG
pwnf;cs/

w0D0DjcifawGeJY
pmajcmuf½kyfoDcsif;vnf;
olu tvGwf&w,f/
trl;yJarmhcJY
t½l;vkdajymcJY/

avxJwkdufaqmuf&if;
pdwful;eJYzJ½kduf&if;
cifAsm;vkd vGJMuoltrsm; ..../ /

tkdatmif
uvsm? {NyD? 2005
vufzuf&nfqkdif xkdifckHay:okdY
ajy;vmaomtvif;

wdrfawmufcsdefu
rkdifajcmufq,f pwk&ef;xJukd
ckeftqif;
r,frif;BuD;r&JU
ajcz0g;av;u
rsOf;Mum;rSm ]0if;}ceJ/

b0ifjrifah ewJY NrdKU jyukd pdwfr0ifpm;ygbl;


rsOf;Mum;r[mjzwful;aewJah omMumMu,fukd
tvif;ESpfwkdif;wm& cufacsaygY
odaE¨mjrif;vkd ckefxGufawmYr,f
a&Ttkda&mif *kwfom;rkdYrkdYu
wodrfhodrfh

olYEIwfcrf;qkd;aq;aMumifh
vrf;jzwful;olawG um;wkdufrvkdjzpf
olpD;xm;wJh zdeyfu b,fvkdtcspfwvJh J

edrfhwkH jrifhwkH
tJ'D ,mOfokH;wef? ukefokH;wef topfpuf
pufaMumifh
'Dbufurf;u xkdifckHrSm
rkd;awGnKdUaeNyD
vrf;jzwful;aewJh orkwdopöm&,f
tvif;ESpfwkdif;wm& cufacsaygh/ /

0if;armif
aZmwdo a0'? rwf? 2001
OD;odef;wkdU vrf;xdyf

ajro,fum;awG wbl;bl; w0l;0l; tavm


wBuD;
acsmif;a&csKd;NyD;jyefvmwJY uRJawGxdwfvefY
rsufpdvnf
aps;uGufpD;yGg;a&;qkdwm b,fvkdvJ bmnm
rodbl;
'gayr,fh vlpnf&if vufzuf&nfqkdif zGifh&
aumif;rSef; odw,f
AD'D,kd½kH axmif&aumif;rSef; odw,f? t&uf
a&mif;&rSef; odw,f
ukrÜPD ukrÜPDawGuvnf; yef;&HaeYpm;
1000? 1200 ay;owJY
vuform;tulvkduf&if 900? 1000 wJY?
aq;okwfvkduf&ifvnf;
1000 0ef;usif ajy;rvGwfbl;wJY? OD;odef;wkdY
vrf;xdyfrSm
reuf, reuf? nae, nae tvkyfoGm;
tvkyfjyefawGeJY
½IyfaxG;? qlyGuf? 'Dae&mu ½kd;rxJjzwfoGm;
wJY um;vrf;&JU
tpvnf;jzpfawmh opfum;? 0g;um;awGu
vnf; xkd;&yfxm;ao;
owif;yvif; pkHpDezmuvnf; aps;onfu
wpfrsKd;? tvkyfMurf;orm;u wpfrsKd;?
refae*smawGuwpfrsKd;? pma&;rawGu
wpfrsKd;
bmrSra&&m? [kd[m'D[mawGuvnf; vrf;
ovm;vkdY
iuef;NyD; iuef;ZmwfyJ? tckvkd OD;odef;wkdY
vrf;xdyfrSm
w&m;usp&mvnf;aumif;w,f? w&m;vnf;
r&bl;
&,fp&mvnf;aumif;w,f? vlawG? um;awG?
wd&pämefawG
bmu bmrSef; cGJr&awmhbl; ...../ /

atmifESif;opf
uvsm? {NyD? 2005
xGufqkdcsuf 1

rnf;eufaewJYav
tJ'D ajcz0g;atmufrSm
t&m&m uG,faysmufcJY&/

rsuf&nfukd acgif;tkH;NyD;tdyfcJY&wm
reufcif;wkdif; EId;pufoHeJY vefYEkd;cJY&wm
tarU"gwfykHa&SUrSm tMumBuD;&yf
ukd,fhMu,foD;ukd,fwyfcJY&wm
0vkH;twGefYtaMuawGeJY
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ajcvSrf;awG,drf;,kdifNyD; pmoifausmif;eJY vGJ
acsmfoGm;&wm
olavvGifh&m auGUaumufwJYacsmif;½kd; ajrmif;
½kd;awGtwkdif;
olukd,fwkdifauGUaumufcJY&wm
pum;rsm;wJY? oDcsif;qkdwJY? taz:taygif;eJY
iSufawGukd
wkwfeJY? cJeJY? qwfqwfcgtrkef;awGeJY ypf
aygufcJYwm
wpfaeYxufwpfaeY olYuGif;jyifrSm ajcmuf
aoGUrIus,fjyefUvmwm
olYukdapmifYarQmfaewJYza,mif;wkdifu olYt
azrsufvkH;xJ t&nfaysmfusaewm
oltdrfjyefcsdefawG tarSmifxuf tNrJaemuf
uscJYwm
olajymcsifwmu
t"dyÜg,f½Sd½Sd t"dyÜg,frJYcJY&w,fqkdwmyJ/
tJ'Dvkd
a&oHo&m vnfenf;usus ,EÅ&m;ESpfrsm;eJY
aysmfyGJpm;rodwJYwpfzufwkdif; [if;vif;jyif
xJrSm
olY&JU toGifajymif;vJrI qifYuJjzpfpOfawG[m
vm;&mukd aemufjyefaz: jycJMh uw,f/

tck rSefxJaygavmay:aewm
qHyifxkd;xkd;axmifaxmif t0wftpm;
zGmvefBuJeJY
wGJavmif;usoGm;&nfukd w&GwfwkdufqGJvmwJY
vufonf;&Snf 0HykavGwpfaumifjzpfav&JU/
tar...wJY/
toHeifaewJY vnfacsmif;u
aumif;uifukd pdwfn§dKU NyD; rsKdcsypfcJYw,f/ /

a0;acgif
&,fp&m? rwf? 1996
armifr0gygbl;

armifr0g&bl;aemfvkdY
olajymwJhnu
aumuf½kd;eHYoif;wJh wvif;rSm
va&mifawGpkykHvkdY
olYxbDrSmvnf; ewfjrm;awGpl;vkdY/

armifr0g&bl;aemfvkdY
olar;wJah eYu
½kd;jywfuGif;awGrSm
avayGawGarTvkdY
&ifuGJaumifawGuvnf;
&ifuGJatmifatmfvkdY/
armifr0g&bl;aemfvkdY
olrSmwJah eYu
] 0wD;qef} xrif;wpfxkyf&,f
ig;pyfapmifwpfxnf&,f
ig;usyfweftEGrf;av;q,f&Guf&,f
rJYNyHK;av;wpfck&,f
rsufvkH;eJY csnfaESmifwt
Jh Munfh&,f/

tJ'D oa&mBuD;ckdif;wJEh Spf


atmufjynfatmuf&Gm
a&Munf&Sm armifxGufvmcJhwm
tESpfav;q,fMumcJah ygY/
armifr0gygbl; tcspf&,f...
tjzpfoepfu 0gvkdY
tcspfukd 0govkd jzpfcJh&w,f/ /

wdrf0g
ra[oD? Zlvkdif? 2001
azaz:0g&D (25)&uf? nae (5)em&D

tkHYqkdif;wJY we*FaEGnaecif;
wpfckrSmaygh/

ukd,fhb0xJ oljzwfoef;oGm;ykHBuD;
aMuuGJ&/

opömw&m;ukd zufwG,fvkdwJY
ieJwpfa,muf&JU usqkH;cef;aygY/

vdrfnmzkdY pum;vkH;awG
trsm;BuD; &Gwfqkdwwfayr,fh
taumif;qkH; pum;vkH;ukd
ra&G;cs,fwwfcJYwJY ukd,fhtjzpfyg/

qufxkdifae& aumif;rvm;
pOf;pm;&if; x&yfrd
xGufoGm;& aumif;rvm;
pOf;pm;NyD; jyefxkdif/

aMomf . . . rpdrf;jr? rpdrf;jr


tacsmrowf&ao;wJY
'ku©Murf;&S&SBuD;ukdrS
ukd,fh&ifcGifxJ ypfxm;&ufcJYavjcif;aemf/

cHpm;jyaewm r[kwfbl;uGJU
xif&mukd rpkdif;&JvkdY
onftwkdif;yJ qufxkdifae&w,f/ /

ykdifpkd;a0
a&SUajy;? azaz:0g&D? 1995
o&zl? Zefe0g&D? 1996
trSwfwrJah eYrsm;
wpfpkHwpfckaom aeYrsm;pGmu
oJxlwJYajrvrf;ray:
igeif;avQmufcJYwJYajc&mawG
tck&SdaeOD;rvm;/
tJ'Dwkef;u
iSufwpfcsKdU aw;oD
,mcif;xJu ajymif;yifawGukd
ukdufjzwfvkdY/
av[mvGifhyg;
[kdonfajy;vTm;
xef;yifjrifhjrifhBuD;awGay:u
&Gufa&mif;ajcmufawG w½SJ½SJjrnfvkdY/
'g[molwkdYtvkyfyJwJYav/
] uav;b0eJY vlBuD;b0qkdwm
ta0;BuD;vm; azaz}
tJ'Dvkd igar;NyD;awmY
avvkdyJvGifYyg;
avvkdyJ [kdonfajy;vTm;/
pdrf;nKdUwJY awmwef;awGay:vQyfwkduf
us,fjyefYwJY v,fuGif;jyifawGay: 0JysH
opfyifawG&JUxdyfzsm;rS
jrifhrm;wJYrkd;aumif;uifqD/
tJ'DvkdyJ
aqmYaewJYavu
pdrf;pkdwJYv,fuGif;awGay: jzwf
jzLa&mfa&mfaeYawGu
av;yifwJYighukd,fay: jzwf
] uav;b0eJY vlBuD;b0qkdwm
a[m[kdrSmqufpyfaewJY
v,fuiG f;jyifeJYawmwef;vkdygyJ
vluav;&,f}
tJY'DvkdigajzawmY
vluav;
v,fuGif;xJajy;aqmYoGm;
olYukd,fay:
jzLa&mfa&mfaeYawGujzwf
igavQmufcJYwJY oJxlxlajrvrf;ray:
vluav;jzwfoGm;aeaygh/
olYaeYawGrSm
iSufwpfcsKdY aw;oDEkdifyghrvm;/ /
ykdifpkd;a0 (ayzl;vTm? {NyD? 1991)
&efukefNrdKUay: tkHYqkdif;wJYrkd;om;

eif;p&mqkdvkdY
&efukefNrdKUrSm ESpfckyJ&Sd&JU
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reufjzefawGukdacsmarGUapzkdY
tjzpfrSefawGukdenf;enf;yg;yg;jyKjyifMu
olwkdY&JUpdwf'ku©awGukd atmYtefzkdYawmY
pkdxkdif;? usOf;usyf? avSmifydwfaewJY
t&ufqkdifawG&Sd&mqDoGm;Mu&/
&efukefNrdKUay:
tkHYqkdif;wJYrkd;om;/
aemufaz;vrf;Mum;xJu
t<uif;tusefawGeJY
ajcaxmufawG&JU bmomaA'ukdavhvm&if;
wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdef
wpfpkHwpfa,muf wpfpkHwpf&m wpfpkHwpfck
aocsmrI r&SdwJY naecif;awGukd
tdwfuyfxJxnfhNyD;
pkdxkdif; usOf;usyf avSmifydwfaewJY
olwkdYtdyfcef;awG&Sd&m jyefMu&NyD/
&efukefNrdKUay:
tkHYqkdif;wJYrkd;om;/
olwkdYukd,fay:rSm
wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rpkdpGwfbl;cJYwJY
cspfjcif;arwåmuawmh
olwkdYukd zsef;yufaewJY
rkd;a&pufawGeJYtwl
a&qkd;ajrmif;awGxJ
wa0ga0gxkd;qif;oGm;aygY/
olwkdYukd,fwkdif tdyfraysmfcifrSmyif
olwkdYpdwful;EkdiforQ&JU taumif;qkH;awGu
tdyfruftjzpft&nfaysmfESifYNyD/
awmfao;&JU
<uufawG&JUtNrD;rSm
uavmifwHrygwJYtwGufawmY
bk&m;ocifukd
olwkdYaus;Zl;wifMu&NyDaygY/ /

ykdifpkd;a0
&,fp&m? 'DZifbm? 2001
pdwfvGifhol

v&dyfrSm pdwfukdcsdwf
wdwfwdwfuav; rQm;cJY/

yxr...
opfcGyef; wpfazG;om;eJY
aecsifpzG,f
tarY&JU ysOfaxmiftdrfuav;ukd owd&

'kwd,...
0g;bkd;usOfawmuf pkbl;xJu
yGifhusavvGifhoGm;wJY ukd,fYb0ukd owd&
wwd,...
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igYrSm
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ausmufp&pfcJuav;jzpfusef&pfcJY
cspfw,fuG,f/

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xukef&ygNyD
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cspfNyD;&if; cspfNyD;&if;
cspfw,fuG,f/ /

igYukdb0ul;oGm;NyD . . . wJY
vlawGu . . .
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igrajymbl;vm;
t&m&m[m wGefYvdrfaumufauG;NyD;
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tufqpfeJY ESvkH;om;ukdyufrS
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wpfnvkH;r[kwfbl;
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cspfaerSmyJ/
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cspfwJYtaMumif;ukd
wpfb0vkH; tukefcHNyD;
tus,fBuD;atmfajymoGm;wJYaumif
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atmfajymvkdufr,f
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tus,fBuD; atmfajymvkdufr,f
tcspfEkdifiHul;vufrSwftjrefxkwfay;yg
uG,f . . . . . ./

0if;yyg . . 0if;yyg
igYtonf;ESvkH; bufwif*l; Mu,fuav;&JU
pGwfpkd . . pkdxkdif;
igYrSmxGefYxGefYvl;
igYtcspfawG wdwfwckd;BuD;xGef;vif;
tkd . . wdwfwckd;BuD;ygvm;uG,f . . . . . .
odMu
ck igYcspfolav;&iftkHxJ
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igYtonf;ESvkH;ppfppfyJ . . . . . . /

oli,fcsif;wkdYa& . . .
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ukdufcsDzkdYBuKd;pm;wJY
acG;wpfaumif&JU ZmwfvkdY
rSwfvkdufMuygawmhuGm . . . . . . . . . . / /
armifacsmEG,f
rrwif&JU ausmif;uav;

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rrwif&JUausmif;uav;/

oJwazG;azG; zkefwazG;azG;
rrwif&JUausmif;uav;/

rrwif&JUausmif;uav;rSm
xef;yifawGuvnf; vufykdufNyD;wef;pD&yfvkdY
wpfb0vkH;yJ rrwifausmif;u
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wpfoufvkH;yJ rrwif&JUausmif;rSm
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wpfb0vkH; wpfoufvkH; aqG;ae&ygNyD...wJY/
rrwif&JUausmif;uav;ukd
vSrf;arQmfai;vkdY/

ykyÜg;awmifBuD;uawmh
rrwif&JUausmif;xGufBuD;aygY
rrwif&JU ausmif;om;a[mif;BuD;aygY
ckvJ rrwifausmif;uav;ukdai;Munfh
wpfb0vkH; yDwdawGeJY
rrwifausmif;uav;ukd
NrdefNrdefBuD;ai;vkdY/

rrwifausmif;vm&if
olrsm;rdef;uav;awGvkd
a&TawGaiGawG zdwfvufaeatmif
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rrwif[m ausmif;tkyfq&mrBuD;aygY
rrwif[m
vifr,l om;rarG;
tem*wfopfawGukdarG;w,f
pmusufoH pmtHoH wnHnHawGukdarG;w,f
ta0ajy; toHopfawGukdarG;w,f/
rrwif&JUausmif;uav; ajrmufbufrSm
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rrwifausmif;uav;rSmawmh
ta0;ajy;aw;oHawG aqmhupm; aysmfyg;vkdY
aygY/ /

armifacsmEG,f
*Ref? 94 (ausmufyef;awmif;trSwfw&)
ykH&dyfr*¾Zif;? atmufwkdbm? 1994
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olYt&dyfukdckdrdawmh
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w,f
a&mhaomuf... wJY/
tjrnf;uawmh
a[m'DrSm usKyftoD;awG&Sdacs&JU
aqmif;"gwfuav;0ifxm;
aqmif;avuav;ikHrdwJY
usKyftoD;awGav
jrnf;yg
usKyfuZD;yifppfppfwpfyifyg
usKyfrdwfaqGBuD;wkdY avhusifhvkdY&,f
0ef;usifaMumifh&,f
usKyfukd,fwkdifu pdwfygvkdY&,f
ckvkd awmt&ufqkdifb0 a&muf&
b0a&pufawGaygYav
usKyfqDukd rdwfaqGwkdYvm&if
usKyfu ZD;yif[efaqmifaewJY awmt&uf
qkdifav;aygh/
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tJ'Dvkd
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olwkdif;
ao&nfawG &&oGm;MuwmaygY
ckawmh
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usKyfrvJ
t&ufqkdifb0vkH;vkH; a&muf&ygNyD/
usKyf[m
wu,fawmh ZD;yifuav;wpfyifyg
reufvif;&if
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om;o,ftazvkdyJ usKyfrSm
qkdufum;*dwf[m reufwkdif; reufwkdif;
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usKyfukd rsufapmif; wxkd;xkd;eJYaygY
e*g;wpfaumif tysif;BuD; ausmpif;aeovkd
ta0;ajy;vrf;r
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t&ifb0u awmt&ufqkdif0ifpm;
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usKyft&dyfrSm om,maysmf&TifMu
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tJ'D ao&nf[m olwkdY touf½SLoHawGeJY
csufvkyfcJYwJY t&ufvkdY
olwkdY rodMuacsbl;/ /
armifacsmEG,f
1991? Ekd0ifbm
a&SUajy;? Ekd0ifbm? 1994
*Dw

vrf;ab;rSm at;at;aq;aq;
tdyfaewJhacG;
½kwfw&ufBuD; um;jzwfeif;cH&
ajcaxmufESpfacsmif; oGifoGifusKd;
emvGef;vkdY crsmrSm
b,fvkdatmf&rSef;rod
olYtouf½SL a&iifykHuav;
a&wGif;eufeufxJ
iifiifaewm jrif&/ /

armifacsmEG,f
½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm? rwf? 1997
a&m*gonf;csdef 'Da&rsm;

aeomom avomomrSm
c&rf;a&mifyef;awG tpGrf;ukefyGifhwm jrif&
awmh
bm&,f bmrSef;rod 0rf;enf;rdNyD; vGrf;?
nbuf nbufus&ifav
Mu,fuav;awG MunfhMunfhNyD; vGrf;?
ta0;u yifv,fBuD;ukd ta0;arQmfMunfh
vGrf;?
aumif;uifutjrifhqkH;N*dK[f igYarG;eHN*dK[f
uav;paeukdvGrf;/
igawGU&Sdxm;wJY tEkynmopf N*dK[fuav;ukd
vGrf;?
tjrifhysH trSefw&m; iSufuav;awGukdvGrf;?
igYtm½kHtifwifemxJrdaewJY pdwfvSaom
aeY&ufrsm;ukdvGrf;?
½kwfw&ufBuD; opfoD;a<uusvm
tJ'D. . . a<uoD;&JU a<uoHav;ukd vGrf;?
arSmfzefom;jyifay:rSm ay:ay:vmwJY
twdwf½kyfykH oGifjyifawGukd vGrf;?

oli,fcsif;wkdYa& . . .
igYtoufuav; igjyef&zkdY&m
vuf,ufwGif;av; ,uf,ufNyD;
toufwpf½SLpmcGufuav;eJY
warmwaum cyfcyfaomufae&ygNyD
aemufwpfcg ydawmufyef;awG yGifhwm
jrifcsifygao;w,fuG,f/
oli,fcsif;wkdYa& . . .
emp&m&Sd&ifvnf; tvGrf;eJYajzMuygawmh
uG,f
uAsmq&mr&Sd&ifvnf; yef;awGa0MurSmyg
uG,f
yef;tbd"r®mqkdwm
a<uwmukdu yGifhjcif;yJ r[kwfvm;uG,f/

oli,fcsif;wkdYa& . . .
igao&if vGrf;Muygawmh
c&rf;jym yef;y0gav;&,f/

oli,fcsif;wkdYa& . . .
igao&if vTrf;Muygawmh
tvGrf;jym prf;a&uav;&,f/

oli,fcsif;wkdYa& . . .
igao&if qkdoD vTrf;Muygawmh . . ./ /

armifacsmEG,f
½kyf&Sif aw;uAsm? Zefe0g&D? 2000
oHa,mZOf wHwm;

tjrpfawG t>rm>rm xaewJY


opfcG za,mif;yef;vkd
oHa,mZOfawG wGJvef; wGJvef;eJY
b0pcef; avQmuf&NyD/

olU&moD tcsdefus&ifawmY
tyGifhvSvSav;awG yGifh&rSmaygh/

oHa0*awGeJY
'Pf&mawG rrGcsifbk
ocFg&w&m; pdwfapmNyD;
vlawmu rcGgvkdygacs/
cspfcifjcif;? Muifemjcif;
w&m;rQwjcif;? pmemjcif;awG
oif;ysHUaewJY oDvw&m;awGeJY
'Db0wHwm;rSm aysmfvkdw,f/

tdrfxJrSmvnf; arSmif
NrdKUrSm &GmrSm awmrSmvnf; arSmif
tarSmifwkdufxJrSm
avmifNrdKufqJayr,fh
aoQmifikdufikdufuav; tqGJrcH&atmif
&J&ifhwJY tMunfh
NrJoifhwJh owdeJY ae&ayr,f/

tjzpfaemuf tysufygayr,fh
wpfoufwm vlUta&;ukd
trIao;w,fvkdY ry,fom
vlU&Gmukd tdrfzGJU NyD;
NrdefwaJh tmif ae&ayOD;r,f/

oHa,mZOf wHwm;ay:rSm
trSm;awG Murf;cif;
wpfxpfcsif; eif;avQmuf
yef;yGifhawG aumuf&if;
wpfzufurf; a&muf&r,f
wpfvSrf;avQmuf ESpfvSrf;avQmuf
pcef;a&muf pcef;aygufyapawmh/ /

wifrkd; (o&zl? 1995? trSwf12)


ydawmuf&eHY

ydawmufawGukd ausmckdif; avQmufcJY&if;


ydawmufawGeJY rsufESmcsif;qkdif jyefawGU&
urÇmBuD; vkH;ykHu &Sif;ygw,f/

uHMur®mykHpH trsKd;rsKd;eJY avmu"H c&D;rSm


ydawmufawG yefvmwJY nDrav;
t0ga&mif a&aq;yef;csDum; wpfcsyf
ESvkH;om; jycef;av;xJ uyfxm;w,f/

aEGrSm ydawmuf&eHYawG &Sdw,f


b0rSm tcspf&eHYawG &Sdw,f
ydawmufvrf;ay: tcspf&eHYawGeJY
nDrav;&JU tNyHK;EkEkav; cl;qGwfvkdY
aea&mifjcnfawGukd ydawmufawGeJY qD;um
&if;
touf½IoHcsif; wkd;wkdufrdw,f/ /

a0;ae
o&zl? {NyD? 2006
vrf;cGJrkd;

tJ'Dnaecif;u
rkd;awG tNyKdif;t½kdif; ½GmcJhygw,f … /

avQmufaeusvrf;a[mif;av; rkd;awGpkdae
wJhtcg
ighESvkH;om;uvnf; ½TJ½TJpkdvkdY
wu,fqkd
a[m'DvlESpfa,mufMum; eH&HawGjcm;oGm;zkdY
qkdwm
b,folrS awG;rdMurSm r[kwfbl; … /

'gayr,fh wcsKdU jzpfpOfawG[m


ykjH yifxuf qef;w,f … /

tem*wfukd vSvSyy pmpDaewkef;


arQmfvifhcsufrkd;wdrfawGvkd qkH;½SLH;NyKdus
'geJYyJ
aemufqkH;vufusef toufaiGUaiGUav;eJY
ighrSm rkd;pufawGukd ai;aecJh&w,f … /

rxl;ygbl;
rkd;awGMum;xJ vrf;cGJMu&wJhtcg
csefcoJh la&m usefcJholyg pufpufus½TJepfvkdY//

py,fjzLEk
½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm? Ekd0ifbm? 2006
wpfnoü
wpf&Sdefxkd;arSmifpOf
xyfüjrefvkdY r&EkdifwJY
tjrefqkH;
tumv&JU pE´&m;wpfvkH;ES,f
jzwfoef;&r,fh ae&mwcsKdU
ta0;qkH;xm;&pf
vQyfpD;vufovkd 0if;ceJ
b,ft&yfukd oGm;aewmvJ vkdY
vGrf;qGwfpGm ol rar;cif
b,fawmh a&mufrSmvJ
vGrf;qGwfpGm olYt&ifar;rd
um;rD;wpfxkd;pm tvif;xJ/ /
armifodef;aZmf
ydawmufyGifhopf? pufwifbm? 1995
tylonf

topfr[kwfbJ
aea&mifeJY jyefoxm;wJh
reufcif; wpfckrSmyg/

uGsefawmft&l;trl;jzpfaewmuawmh
tdyfrufxJu . . .
arT;jrwJh em;&Gufav;wpfzufygyJ/

avuvnf; w[l;[l;wdkufae&JU
ESvHk;om;ay:rSm cdkudk;&mrJh uDs;uef;wpfaumifu
wpmpmtmaeav&JU ?
tvGrf;awG zGmvefuJsvdkY . . .
jrifraumif;atmif idkxm;wJh
aw;oGm;av;vdkyJ oufqif;cJh?

odyfawmhvnf;rqef;ygbl;uG,fwJh
wcGswfcGswfjrnfaewJh
opfudkif;ajcmufu
rm*"bmompum;eJY
uGsefawmfhudk acGs;odyfcJhw,f/
a&wHcGefatmuf0ifvnf; tydkyJ/

eSvHk;om;wpf&yfpmomjrifhwJh
arSsmfpifwpfckaqmufjyD; . . .
urÇmOD;tpudkvSrf;Munfhvdkufw,f/
rD;udk pwifawGU&dSol[m uGsefawmfjzpf&/JU /

armifodef;aZmf
n

n
½kd;½kd;av;eJYvSaewm acgif;NzD;rxm;bl;/
ajymifajymifvufvufawG 0wfrxm;bl;/
vomykHutp ,Of,Ofuav;&,f
tcgwkdif;vkd
AkHoHawGxJ uRHusaewJh nvJr[kwfbl;/
avwjzL;jzL;eJYn
vukd wpfukd,fvkH;jrif7wJhn
Mu,fawGqkdvJ
rsufpdaemufp&maumif;avmufatmif
rsm;rsm;pm;pm; &Sdraebl;/
a,muf,ufcwfraebl;
wpfyGifhcsif;eJY wpfyGifhcsif;
uif;uif;&Sif;&Sif;av; xGef;aewm
odyfukd tcsKd;tpm; uswJhn/
( obm0jzpf&ufeJY
wpfcgwpf7H obm0uspGm
vSycGifhr&wJh obm0w&m;[m
'DnvJ obm0uspGmvSyvkdY )
[kd,cif a&Smifykef;aewJh nawGukd
tvif;wpf0uf tvGrf;wpf0ufeJY
uvJhpm;acsaeovkdrsKd;
e*kduvSNyD;om;n
pdwfvGwf ukd,fvGwfeJY
vScsifwkdif; vSxGufoGm;
niwfukd arwåmouf0ifrqkH;aygh/
n ESvkH;om;ukd zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifrxm;wJh
n va&mifrSeforQ tv[ó rjzpfap&wJh
n oef;acgif,Hyif jzpfvifhupm;
yef;&eHYawGukd 0Sufrxm;wJh Mu,faygif;&Hc
uGefxJu vGwfxGufvmwJhn&,f
ig csufrpm;&ufygbl;/ /

armifodef;aZmf
rkd;a0? Zefe0g&D? 1988
(KaZmf trnfjzifha&;onf/)
vGrf;y

aomueJY usyfxkyfaewJh nae&D


ouúm, wpfckaMumifhyJ
tavhusaygufaewJholUrSm
'D½ky'f D&nfuav;eJY tonf;uGJae&vkdYwJh/
a[m'DrSm
a,mifcsmcsmjzpfaewJh ESpfy&dapä'awG
vGrf;y/
uHw&m;rsufvkH;xJ
tolwpf&meufwJh tNyKH;&Sdwmod&ufeJY
ol
ckefcs
vGrf;y/
bmrSrajymbJ aemufqkwfoGm;wm
twkH;t½kH;awGMum;
½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH
vGrf;y/
terf;a&
ESvkH;om;xJ bmvkdYnmnmNyD;
naeapmif;csif&wmvJ
aeYawGvJ 0rf;enf;pGmjyefoGm;cJh/
olUrSm
urÇmr&Sdawmh/ /

armifodef;aZmf
rkd;a0? {NyD? 1987
(KaZmf trnfjzifha&;onf/)
rif;tjyKtrlukd ukd,fpm;jyKaom ighoDcsif;

igxifcJYw,f
rif;eJYa0;&if igYreufjzef&JUta&mif[m t
arSmifvkdY
tm;vkH;vGJwmyJ
aumif;uifBuD;uvnf; rD;ukef,rf;ukefjymvkdY
iSufuav;awG oDcsif;topfukd xkd;vkdYqdwf
vkdY
jynfvrf;ray: aevkH;BuD;u wufvkdufqif;
vkduf
igvnf; *sif;abmif;bD0wfvkduf
vufzuf&nfqkdifxkdifvkduf
oli,fcsif;awGeJY aysmfvkdufyg;vkduf
pMum0VmBuD;xJ
,ifaumifav;wpfaumif
xkd;usysufpD;oGm;wmyg
enf;ynmacwfBuD;xJrSm
]tm'rf} [m eH½kd;awGtrsm;BuD;eJY .../ /

armifzDvm
jrm;ewfarmif? rwf? 2005
rsufESmzkH;

wd&päefav;awGukd oem;ovkd rif;ukd oem;


NyD;
yef;av;awGukd jrwfEkd;ovkd rif;ukd jrwfEkd;cJY
ckawmY i&J aMumufovkd rif;ukd aMumuf&GHU
ppfyGJ rkef;wD;ovkd rif;ukd rkef;wD;
ig;awG[m a&xJrSm aeMuovkd
rif;u rm,mrSm wnf&JU/

ukd,feJYrif; tcspf Zmwfvrf;vnf;


wpfavQmufvkH; pGefYpm;cef;awGyJ/
ig[m igYtcef;av;xJrSmyJ
rJacgifjrpfvkd acgufwkHYacgufjyef
a&eH? "mwfajrMoZm? ewfom;?
rkd;aumif;uifeJY opfyif
bmrqkd jzpfEkdifwJY vlwpfa,muf
ckawmY wpfb0vkH; rif;ukd vGrf;vkdY/
tcspfukd rmeeJY umcJYw,f
tvGrf;ukd trkef;eJY &HcJYw,f/ /

0kdifcsKd
o&zl? {NyD? 2006
av

vlawGu vlawGukd wDxGifMuw,f/


uRefawmfvnf; uRefawmfYukd,f uRefawmfwD
xGifcJY/
ukd,fhukd,fukd,f olawmfpifwpfa,muftjzpf
wDxGifMunfhw,f
tm;yg; usOf;Muyfw,f/
ukd,fhukd,fukd,f t&uform;av; wpf
a,muftjzpf wDxGifMunfhw,f
rvG,fbl;tifem*sDusw,f/
ukd,fhukd,fukd,f tqkdawmfwpfa,muftjzpf
wDxGifMunfhw,f
Mum&SnfusawmY ysif;p&mBuD;/
ukd,fhukd,fukd,f eyef;orm;wpfa,muftjzpf
wDxGifMunfhw,f
yifyef;vkdufwm/
ukd,fhukd,fukd,f em&Djyifq&mtjzpf wDxGif
Munfhw,f
tm½kHaemufvkdY .../
aemufawmh uRefawmf[m ukd,fhukd,fukd,f
bmrSwDxGifvkdY r&atmif NiD;aiGUvmw,f/
vlawGuawmY olwkdYukd,folwkdY
csrf;omatmif? b0tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;
atmif?
vSyatmif? vlrIqufqHa&; ajyjypfatmif?
atmifjrifBuD;yGm;atmif
trsKd;rsKd;wDxGifaeMu&JU.../
oem;p&mygyJ
uRefawmfuawmY avmuukd ukd,fazgYvkdY
tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfvkdufvkdY
wpfcgwpf&HrSm
rwDxGifrS awGU&wwfwJY
todynmawGtaMumif;
zdtm;rsm;vkdY ajymcGifhr&cJYbl;/ /

0kdifcsKd
½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm? ar? 2006
u,fvDzkd;eD;,m; ay: yD

aEG&moDukd iwfrGwfwJhpdwef JY at;pufpuf


ESif;awG pm;okH;cJh&olyg
urÇmajrBuD;ay: tavhusjyKwfusvmNyD;
a&;BuD;cGifus,fawGukd tjrifxJxnfh0Suf
cJYolyg
vdyfpmtwdtusrygwJY ta&;ay:vuf
aqmifawGukd
zJBudK;vSvSpnf;cJo h lyg/

uRefawmf[m b,folY&JU{nfhonfrSef; rodcJhyg


bl;
ukd,frBudKufwJY upm;enf;awGukd pm;yGJay:
wifzkdY r,drf;,kdifcJYygbl;
ig;yg;oDvukd tusKd;tjypfeJY tay;t,l
rvkyfcJhygbl;/

rjrif&wJY wpfpkHwpfck aocsmvmcJNh yD;


rxdef;Ekdifrodrf;EkdifeJY ½kd;wHawGay:
ukd,fYESvkH;om;ukd ukd,fwkdifvSefwifvkdufw,f
'Dtcg
yef;yGifheJYyef;cif;ukd a&maxG;bmomjyefvkduf
Mu
&w,f
yGifhcsvkdufr,f
uRefawmfjh zpfwnfrIxJrSm wpfikHwpfzl;rS r
usefonftxd/ /
EkdifrGef
&,fp&m? ar? 1997
wpfcGuf wpfzvm;

naeapmif;&if
avu &Gufazmif;atmifwkdufw,f/

a&m*g wpfckvkd
t&ufqkdifbufvSnfh vSnfhaewJY ajcvSrf;
awGukd
&moDuvnf; tvkdvkdufvGef;w,f/

'Dpnf;pdrfu
quf&ufrif; pnf;pdrf
rdom;pk b0eJY 0,frS&w,f
ukd,fYukd,fukd taygifay;&w,f/
yifpifpm;wpfa,mufvkd
vlb
U 0BuD;uyJ t"dyÜg,fr&SdawmYovkdvkd t
awG;eJY
jrifaeus½Icif;awGukd pdwfukefw,f
t&ufqkdif[m ighnaeukd tqdyfcwfcNJh yD/

rrl;cifawmh
aumfzDqkdifu aumfzDxufcsKdwJh
qkdif&Sifaumifrav;&JU EIwfcrf;u
ESif;qDyGifhyJawGUw,f ql;rjrifbl;
olpD;wJYqkdifu,fxuf toHykdus,fwJY
qkdifu,fpD;wJYolawG&JUrsufESm
ykvif;yJawGUw,f vGwfaewmrjrifbl;/
vl½Iyf&if nKdvmwJYrkd;u
&yfuGufxJrSm vm&Gmcswm
oDcsif;yJMum;w,f key rrSefwmrodbl;/
rl;vnf;vma&m
( ql;pl;íyif
tyfESifhxGifrnf
toif bmajymcsifoenf; ) qkdwJY
uAsm&GwfzkdY
ukd,fYEIwfcrf;awG
uGrf;pm;xm;wJYEIwfcrf;wpfpkHxuf
ykd ykd &JvmMujyefwm cufw,f/ /
(y&r®wå vGrf;zG,faeY&ufrsm; okdY )
yef;vIdifpkd;(usKHaysmf)
&,fp&m? rwf? 2006
jyZmwfyg;yg;av;

ukd,fheab;rSm ynmwwf *sme,fawG


txyfvkduf
ukd,f uAsm iwfw,f tcspf&,f/
ukd,fhab;rSm aqmhyif teDteufeJY
ykdpwm pm&GufawG &Sdw,f
ukd,f a&aq;yg;yg;av; vdrf;jc,fxm;wJY
c&rf;a&mifeJY yef;Eka&mifukdiwfw,f/
ukd,fheab;rSm a0g[m& tbd"gefpmtkyfBuD;
xlw,f
tlaMumifaMumif jzpfaewJY ukd,f[m
ukd,fh&ifxJu ukd,fhukd,fykdif pum;vkH;ukd
iwfae&JU
ukd,fheab;rSm pavtnmu q&mOD;ykn&JU
a&onfjyZmwf yg;yg;av; &Sdw,f
OD;ykna&m &SifNidrf;r,fa&m
ukd,f ocFsmbmom&yfukd oifMum;cJYaygY/
ukd,fh&ifxJu ukd,fhukd,fykdift&om
]jyufodum} ukd
ukd,f iwfw,f tcspf&,f
ukd,f yg;yg;av;wpfckckukd iwfaew,f
aocsmwm ukd,f iwfwJY yg;yg;av;[m
aumifrav; yg;yg;av; r[kwfbl;
Am&mPoDjynf vrf;ckvwf wpfae&mu
a&onfa,mufsm;eJY a&onfrdef;r[m
tcspf&,f b0taz:&,f csOfaygif[if;&,f
ig;oefao;Ekyf a&vkHjyKwf&,f
vkHNcKHaEG;axG;rI&,f
qmavmifcMJh uzl;w,f
ukd,f qmavmifaewmu yg;yg;av;&,fav
c&rf;a&mifeJY yef;Eka&mif yg;yg;av;ukd
ukd,fiwfw,f/ /

armifukdukd(tr&yl&)
ra[oD? rwf? 2005
tazwpfa,muf&JU vufaqmif

သားကေလးတဲ့

စေနေန႔ရ႕ဲ ေက်ာကုန္းေပၚ

ငါ့စိတ္ေတြက ပစ္လုိက္တယ္။

လူတစ္ေယာက္ရ႕ဲ ႏွလုံးသားဟာ

အေလလုိက္ဖုိ႔ေလာက္ပအ
ဲ သုံးဝင္တယ္လုိ႔

ငါထင္ခဲ့တာ

ဘဝကုိ ရန္လုိမႈသက္သက္ တစ္ခုသာျဖစ္ခဲ့မွန္း

ဝန္ခံလုိက္ပါၿပီ။

ဘုရားသခင္ကပဲ ေပး ေပး

အရွက္ႀကီးတဲ့ လူသတၱဝါေတြရ႕ဲ

သဘာဝတရားကပဲ ေပး ေပး

သူ႔ေယာက္်ားေရးတဲ့ကဗ်ာကုိ
အားနာပါးနာနဲ႔ ဖတ္ရမွာေတာင္ဝန္ေလးတဲ့

မိန္းမတစ္ေယာက္ကပဲ ေမြး ေမြး

ၾသဂုတ္လ ႏွင္းေတြကုိေတာင္ ေႏြးေထြးသြားေစတဲ့

သားကေလးေရ။

အခုမွ

လူအျဖစ္ကုိ ပုိလုိ႔တြယ္ဖက္

ကုိယ့္အတြက္ကုိယ္ စဥ္းစားတတ္လာ

ၾကယ္ေရာင္ လေရာင္ကုိ ခံတင


ြ ္းေတြ႕လာ

တံခါးတစ္ခ်ပ္ ဖြငလု
့္လိက
ု ္သလုိ

ဘဝရဲ႕ ေခ်ာင္ႀကဳိေခ်ာင္ၾကားမွာ

အရသာ တစ္စုံတစ္ခုကုိေတြ႕လာ

ငါကေမြးဖြားခဲ့ေပမယ့္

တကယ္က
ငါ့ကုိေမြးဖြားခဲ့တာပါလား

အဲဒီအတုိင္းျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္။

ခ်စ္ျခင္းေမတၱာတဲ့

ငါမယုံၾကည္တဲ့အရာ

ငါငတ္မြတ္တဲ့အရာ

တစ္ဘဝလုံးလုိက္ရွာခဲ့ေပမယ့္

ငါ့ဆီမွာ ရွိေနခဲ့တဲ့အရာ

ရွာေတြ႕ခဲ့ၿပီ။

ငါေျပာင္းလဲခဲ့တယ္

ေျပာင္းလဲသင့္တဲ့အရာေတြ ေျပာင္းလဲခဲ့တယ္

ယုံၾကည္မႈရ႕ဲ တန္ဖုိးေတြကုိ

ဖက္ရွင္တစ္ခုလုိေျပာင္းလဲေနတဲ့ေခတ္မွာ
ငါ ေျပာင္းလဲရတဲ့အတြက္

လိပ္ျပာမလုံတာလဲ အမွန္ပ။ဲ

ဒါေပမယ့္ တကယ္ပါ

အေရျပားကုိေျပာင္းလဲသလုိ

ႏွလုံးသားကုိ ေျပာင္းလဲခဲ့တယ္။

အေတြ႕အႀကဳံက သင္တယ္၊

လင္တစ္ေယာက္ၿပီး တစ္ေယာက္ယူ

ဘယ္လင္နဲ႔မွလည္း ၾကာၾကာမၿမဲတဲ့

ကမၻာႀကီးက သင္တယ္၊

ၿပီးေတာ့ အခါမလည္ေသးတဲ့

ရာသီဥတုကုိ ႏွစ္ခုပဲ ျမင္ဖူးေသးတဲ့

အေမ့ႏုိ႔ရည္ကလြဲၿပီး
ဘာကုိမွ မယုံၾကည္တတ္ေသးတဲ့

ပုခက္ထဲ ထည့္လႊဲမွ

သီခ်င္းကေလးလည္းဆုိမွ

အိပ္ေပ်ာ္တတ္တဲ့ သားကသင္တယ္၊

ဒါေၾကာင္
ဒါေၾကာင့္ ငါေျပာင္းလဲခဲ့တယ္

ေျပာင္းလဲသင့္တဲ့အရာေတြ ေျပာင္းလဲခဲ့တယ္၊

အေရျပားကုိေျပာင္းလဲသလုိ

ႏွလုံးသားကုိ ေျပာင္းလဲခဲ့တယ္။

ငါကေမြးဖြားခဲ့ေပမယ့္

တကယ္က

ငါ့ကုိေမြးဖြားခဲ့တာပါလား

အဲဒီအတုိင္းျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္။

သားေရ
ငါ့အိပ္မက္ေတြ

မင္းပခုံးေပၚ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ

မထမ္းခုိင္းဘူး။

ငါ့ လုိအင္ဆႏၵေတြဟာ

မင္းေလွ်ာက္ရမယ့္လမ္း မဟုတ္ဘူး။

မင္းကုိ သရက္ပင္စုိက္သလုိ

ငါစုိက္ေနတာမဟုတ္ဘူး

(အဲဒါေၾကာင့္ သရက္သီးေတြ

ျပန္သီးေပးဖုိ႔မလုိဘူး)

မင္းဟာ

ငါပုိင္တဲ့ပစၥည္းတစ္ခုလည္း မဟုတ္ဘူး။

မင္းဟာ မင္းပဲ

မင္းဟာ လြတ္လပ္မႈပဲ

မင္းဟာ ေရြးခ်ယ္မႈပဲ
မင္းဟာ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ

ငါမျဖစ္
ငါမျဖစ္ေစရဘူး

ငါ့အရိပ္လဲ မျဖစ္ေစရဘူး

ငါတီထင
ြ ္ထုတ္လုပ္လုိက္တဲ့

စက္႐ုပ္တစ္ခုလည္းမျဖစ္ေစရဘူး

ငါသင္ၾကားေလ့က်င့္ေပးထားတဲ့

ျခေသၤ့လိမၼာေလးတစ္ေကာင္လည္း

မျဖစ္ေစရဘူး၊

ငါ့ရ႕ဲ စိတ္ကူးစိတ္သန္းႂကြယ္ဝတဲ့

ကဗ်ာတစ္ပုဒ္လည္းမျဖစ္ေစရဘူး။

အဲဒါ သားေမြးေမြးခ်င္း

ေဖေဖေပးခဲ့တဲ့ လက္ေဆာင္
ဆာင္ေပါ့။

ဘယ္လုိဝတ္စားလာမယ္မွန္း မေျပာတတ္ေပမယ့္
အခ်ိန္တန္ အိမ္ၿခံဝလာရပ္မယ့္

အနာဂတ္ဆုိတာကေတာ့

သားအတြက္ ကံၾကမၼာရဲ႕

ေဖေဖလက္လွမ္းမမီတဲ့လက္ေဆာင္ေပါ့။

ခ်စ္ျခင္းေမတၱာသာရွိရင္

ကံၾကမၼာဆီမွာလည္း

အနာဂတ္လွလွေလးရွိႏုိင္ေပရဲ႕

ဒါကုိ မေမ့နဲ႔။ ။

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atmif&ifNidrf;
½kyf&Sifaw;uAsm? atmufwkdbm? 2006

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