Experiment No.

1
Rectangular Waveguide Design Using cst Microwave Studio Suite

1.Introduction
A hollow waveguide is a transmission line that looks like an empty metallic pipe. It
supports the propagation of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM)
modes, but not transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes. There is an infinite
number of modes that can propagate as long as the operating frequency is above the
cutoff frequency of the mode. The notation TEmn and TMmn are commonly used to
denote the type of wave and its mode, where m and n are the mode number in the
horizontal and vertical directions respectively. The mode with the lowest cutoff
frequency is called the fundamental mode or dominant mode. A waveguide with a
rectangular cross-section is called as Rectangular Waveguide. For a hollow
rectangular waveguide, the dominant mode is TE10.

In a radar, a waveguide transfers radio frequency energy to and from the antenna,
where the impedance needs to be matched for efficient power transmission. Figure1
shows a rectangular waveguide.

Figure 1: Rectangular Waveguide.

The lower cutoff frequency (or wavelength) for a particular mode in rectangular
waveguide is determined by the following equations (note that the length, x, has no
bearing on the cutoff frequency):

For TE and TM modes

Where:

a= Inside width (m), longest dimension

b= Inside height (m), shortest dimension
m= Number of ½-wavelength variations of fields in the "a" direction
n= Number of ½-wavelength variations of fields in the "b" direction
ε= Permittivity (8.854187817 E-12 for free space)
µ= Permeability (4π E-7 for free space)

Notes:
2.Theoretical Calculation:
Design rectangular waveguide (a = 2 b), l =100 mm filled with air yielding a cut-off
frequency of 15 GHz for the TE10 mode (dominant mode). Verify the results by CST
Microwave Studio.
Solution:

𝑚
𝑣𝑜 = 3 × 108 , 𝜀𝑟 = 𝜇𝑟 = 1, 𝑚 = 1, 𝑛 = 0
𝑠

𝑣𝑜 𝑣𝑜 3×108
𝑓𝑐 = 2 ×𝑎 𝑎 = 2 ×𝑓 = 2 ×15×109 = 0.01 𝑚 = 10 𝑚𝑚
𝑐

𝑎 10
𝑎 = 2𝑏 𝑏=2 = = 5 𝑚𝑚
2

3. Simulation of Rectangular Waveguide in cst: