Reading Fill in the blanks

powering, mysterious, evidence, bursts, intelligence

The search for extraterrestrial (1)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ has looked for many different signs of alien
life, from radio broadcasts to laser flashes, without success. However, newly published
research suggests that (2)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ phenomena called fast radio bursts could be (3)_ _
_ _ _ _ _ of advanced alien technology. Specifically, these (4)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ might be leakage
from planet-sized transmitters (5)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ interstellar probes in distant galaxies. 

2. – Select the words from the box to fill the gap in the paragraph.

relative, focus, host, astrophysical, points

To power a light sail, the transmitter would need to (1)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ a beam on it

continuously. Observers on Earth would see a brief flash because the sail and its (2)_ _ _ _
_ _ _ planet, star and galaxy are all moving (3)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ to us. As a result, the beam
sweeps across the sky and only (4)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ in our direction for a moment. Repeated
appearances of the beam, which were observed but cannot be explained by
cataclysmic (5)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ events, might provide important clues about its artificial origin.

3. – Select the words from the box to fill the gap in the paragraph.

connect, numerous, structure, passively, generate

The research focused on the (1)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ and function of dendrites, which are

components of neurons, the nerve cells in the brain. Neurons are large, tree-like structures
made up of a body, the soma, with (2)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ branches called dendrites extending
outward. Somas (3)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ brief electrical pulses called “spikes” in order to (4)_ _ _ _
_ _ _ and communicate with each other. Scientists had generally believed that the somatic
spikes activate the dendrites, which (5)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ send currents to other neurons’ somas,
but this had never been directly tested before.

 
4. – Select the words from the box to fill the gap in the paragraph.

fluctuations, generated, computation, demonstrated, currents

Scientists have generally believed that dendrites meekly sent (1)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ they received
from the cell’s synapse (the junction between two neurons) to the soma, which in turn (2)_
_ _ _ _ _ _ an electrical impulse. Those short electrical bursts, known as somatic spikes,
were thought to be at the heart of neural (3)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ and learning. But the new
study (4)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ that dendrites generate their own spikes 10 times more often than
the somas. The researchers also found that dendrites generate large (5)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ in
voltage in addition to the spikes; the spikes are binary, all-or-nothing events.

 
5. – Select the words from the box to fill the gap in the paragraph.

laboratory, placing, activity, dendrites, involves

Recent studies in brain slices showed that (1)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ can generate spikes. But it was
neither clear that this could happen during natural behaviour, nor how often. Measuring
dendrites’ electrical (2)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ during natural behaviour has long been a challenge
because they’re so delicate: In studies with (3)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ rats, scientists have found
that (4)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ electrodes in the dendrites themselves while the animals were moving
actually killed those cells. But the UCLA team developed a new technique that (5)_ _ _ _ _ _
_ placing the electrodes near, rather than in, the dendrites.

1. intelligence 2. mysterious 3. evidence 4. bursts 5. powering 

2 1focus 2. host 3. relative 4. points 5. astrophysical 

3 1. structure 2. numerous 3. generate 4. connect 5. passively 
4 1. currents 2. generated 3. computation 4. demonstrated 5. fluctuations 
5 1 dendrites 2. activity 3. laboratory 4. placing 5. involves. 
 1. Read the given text and choose words from the box to fill the gaps.

domiciled   scant   comfortable   affected   marshy   confined

A good percentage of the population of India is tribal. The tribals live in the hills and
forests of the country and have been little (1)________ by the cultural currents of the
plains. Practically all the states of India have their tribal population. The tribes are
numerous, computed to be about 200, some living in (2)_________ regions in dense
forests, and others on the borders of villages. Some tribes are (3)__________ to a few
souls, while others like the Santhals, run into millions and are steadily increasing in
numbers. During the British period some of them were known as ‘criminal tribes’
for they showed (4)__________ respect for the Indian Penal Code.

1. affected 2. marshy 3. confined 4. Scant

Read the given text and choose words from the box to fill the gaps

successfully   enthusiasm   pep   question   conversation   acquainted   doubt  

aware    

English has without a (1) ______________ become the second language of Europe and
the world. European countries which have most (2) ______________ assimilated
English into daily life are England’s neighbors in Northern Europe: Ireland, the
Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, and the rest of Scandinavia.
The situation is so marked that any visitor to the Netherlands will soon
be (3) _________ of the pressure of English on daily life: television, radio and print
bring it into every home and the schoolyard (4) _____________ of children; advertisers
use it to (5) __________ up their message, journalists take refuge in it when their
home-bred skills fail them.

1. doubt 2. successfully 3. aware 4. conversation 5. pep

3. Read the given text and choose words from the box to fill the gaps.

sore     bitter     believed     perfectly     suspected     honourable     profitable 

I noticed George Ramsay at the restaurant. He was starting into space. He looked as
though the burden of the whole world sat on his shoulders. I (1)__________ at once
that his unfortunate brother was causing trouble again. I suppose every family has
a black sheep. Tom has been (2)__________ trail to his family for twenty years. He
had begun life decently enough; he went into business, married and had two
children. The Ramsay were (3)_______ respectable people, and there was every
reason to suppose that Tom Ramsay would have a useful and (4)_________ career.
1. suspected   2. bitter   3. perfectly   4. profitable  

2. Read the given text and choose words from the box to fill the gaps.

evolving     exhibited     elongated     critical     support     indicated     tedious 

Studies focusing the impact of computer models to support policy-making

processes in organizations have (1)_________that client involvement in the model-
building process is often a (2)_________ for effective model building. One important
reason is that the process of model building is frequently more important than the
resulting model. Model building itself is largely a (3)_________ process about the
problem. Most planning about the characteristics of an ill-structured problem are
gained during the (4)_________ process of designing a computer model, rather than
after is model is finished. Another important reason is the most information in an
organization lays in the mental models of organizations members.

1. indicated   2. support   3. critical   4. evolving  

Fish are being killed, and prevented from reaching maturity, by the liner of plastic
particles finding their way into the world’s oceans, new research has proved.
Some young fish have been found to prefer tiny particles of plastic to their natural
food sources, effectively starving them before they can reproduce. The growing
problem of micro plastics – tiny particles of polymer-type materials from modern
industry – has been thought for several years to be a peril for fish, but the study
published on Thursday is the first to prove the damage in trials. Micro plastics are
near-indestructible in natural environments. They enter the oceans through litter,
when waste such as plastic bags, packaging and other convenience materials are
discarded.

Vast amounts of these end up in the sea, through inadequate waste disposal
systems and sewage outfall. Another growing source is micro beads, tiny particles
of hard plastics that are used in cosmetics, for instance as an abrasive in modern
skin cleaners. These easily enter waterways as they are washed off as they are
used, flushed down drains and forgotten, but can last for decades in our ocean.
The impact of these materials has been hard to measure, despite being a growing
source of ocean. Small particles of plastic have been found in seabirds, fish and
whales, which swallow the materials but cannot digest them, leading to a buildup
in their digestive tracts. For the first time, scientists have demonstrated that fish
exposed to such materials during their development show stunted growth and
increased mortality rates, as well as changed behaviour that could endanger their
survival.
Here's a term you're going to hear much more often: plug-in vehicle, and the acronym PEV.
It's what you and many other people will drive to work in, ten years and more from now. At
that time, before you drive off in the morning you will first unplug your car - your plug-in
vehicle. Its big onboard batteries will have been fully charged overnight, with enough power
for you to drive 50-100 kilometres through city traffic. When you arrive at work you'll plug
in your car once again, this time into a socket that allows power to flow from your car's
batteries to the electricity grid. One of the things you did when you bought your car was to
sign a contract with your favourite electricity supplier, allowing them to draw a limited
amount of power from your car's batteries should they need to, perhaps because of a
blackout, or very high wholesale spot power prices. The price you get for the power the
distributor buys form your car would not only be most attractive to you, but it would also be
a good deal for them too, their alternative being very expensive power form peaking
stations. If driving home or for some other reason your batteries looked like running flat, a
relatively small, but quiet and efficient engine running on petrol, diesel or compressed
natural gas, even bio-fuel, would automatically cut in, driving a generator that supplied the
batteries so you could complete your journey. Concerns over 'peak oil', increasing
greenhouse gas emissions, and the likelihood that by the middle of this century there could
be five times as many motor vehicles registered worldwide as there are now, mean that the
world's almost total dependence on petroleum-based fuels for transport is, in every sense of
the word, unsustainable.
Evolution in cars: from cars that run with the help of batteries which need
charging overnight then cars which run with the help of petrol; or
compressed natural gas which is further adding in pollution in the
environment and in next decade plug-in vehicles and the acronym Pev ,
this means that world's almost total dependence on petroleum based
fuels for transport is unsustainable.
Reasons behind increased mortality of fish: some young fish have been
found to opt tiny particles of plastic to their natural food sources which
starve them before they can reproduce, these particles are dumped in the
sea through inadequate waste systems and sewege outfall as these
materials lasts last for decades and when these materials are swallowed
by marine creatures, it affects their digestive system , thereby leading to
mortality.