p_ pQm c+z s'g zLif{saf6 pb\w[t ul/Psf] xf] / o;sf n]vs sf] x'g\ <

!%= xfd|f] b]z ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] cg'kd gd'gf xf] . …g]kfn} g/x]Ú sljtfsf
cfwf/df k|ltlqmof lbg' xf];\ .
%

v_tnsf] syf+z k9L cGtdf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] 5l/tf] pQ/ lbg' xf];\ M ;kmntfsf z'e sfdgf
u'dfg]n] hfGg] a;fof] . ufpFsf ;f/f dflg; hDdf eP t/ s/];f] hf]l8Psf] ;fy}, ljhof bzdL, z'e lbkfjnL, 57 tyf Obsf] z'e sfdgf Û
wglht] cfPg . hfGg]n] klg b]jLsf] bf]if b]vfof] . ;a} hDdf eP/ w'dwfd;Fu
k"hf u/] . k"hf u/]sf] kl;{kN6 u'dfg]sL :jf:gL n8L . lar/L emGg} v':sL yL,
afFrL . To;kl5 wglht]nfO{ ;dfTof] . ltg lbgkl5 :jf:gL rflxF n8L . Psflt/
OGt' g lrGt' eP/ :jf:gL n8]sL lyO{, csf{lt/ Hj/fsf] tf]8n] wglht] aa{/fpg
nfu]sf] lyof] . kfgL;Dd vfg lbg] sf]xL lyPg . ;f/f ufpF ;f]Q/ 5, s;n] x]/rfx
u/f];\ < ufO{afv|f lsnfsf lsn} 66\l6P/ dg{ nfu] . kmf]P/ kfvflt/ nfO lbg]
dflg; sf]xL ePg .
c_ wglht] u'dfg]sf] 3/ ghfg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] <
cf_ dflysf] cg'R5]bdf cfPsf] …k"hfÚ zAbn] s'g k"hfnfO{ ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 <
O_ …;f/f ufpF ;f]Q/ 5Ú eGgfsf] tfTko{ s] xf] <
O{_ dflysf] syf+zdf wglht]sf] kfl/jfl/s l:yltsf] s:tf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 <
p_ o; cg'R5]bkl5 nuQ} cfpg] k|;Ë s] 5 <
u_ tnsf] lgaGwf+z k9L cGtdf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] 5l/tf] pQ/ lbg'
xf];\ M
ha d ;flxlTos, /fhgLlts / ;fdflhs ljleGg If]qdf sfd ul/ /x]sf cfˆgf s]xL k|
ultzLn ;fyLx?sf] Ps b'O{ Jojxf/ ;DemG5' . tL cfOdfO{ / nf]Ug] dflg;sf
lglDt ;dfgtfsf] dfq s'/f gu/]/ g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf ljsf;sf lglDt k'?ifn] eGbf sd
df}sf kfO cfPsf gf/Lx?nfO{ clu a9fpg ljz]if k|f]T;fxg lbg] ug'{ k5{ klg
eG5g\ . pGgt b]zx?df cfOdfO{sf] slt /fd|f] cj:yf 5 eGg] ljifodf tL
s'/}lkR5] eg] em}F c¿nfO{ JofVofg lbg ;S5g\ . o; ljifodf 3G6f}F ;Dd
efif0f ug{ ;S5g\ tyf n]v / k':ts k'l:tsf n]Vg ;S5g\ . t/ pgLx?sf 3/df w]/}
kN6 k'luof], pgLx?n] slxNo} oL d]/L >LdtL, oxfF d]/L lbbL jf oL d]/L
alxgL x'g\ eg]/ lrgf/L u/fPgg\ .
k|Zgx? M
c_ dflysf] uBf+zdf g]kfnL dlxnfsf] s] s:tf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 <
cf_ g]kfnL dlxnf / ljsl;t b]zsf dlxnfsf] hLjg :t/df s] leGgtf 5 <
O_ g]kfnsf k|ultzLn elgg] JolQmx?sf] egfO / u/fOdf km/s k/]sf s'/f s] x'g\
<
O{_ pQm lgaGwf+zsf] d"n efj s] xf] <
 g];gn :s'n ckm ;fOG;]h d's'6, cfvf, ul/a, kl/qmdf
&=jfSo 9fFrf ;lxt tnsf jfSonfO{ cgfb/df kl/jt{g ug'{ xf];\ M
n}grf}/, sf7df8f}+ . %
k|yd q}dfl;s k/LIff, @)&@ tkfO{F s'/} ga'emL af]Ng' x'G5 . pxfFn] clxn];Dd vfgf vfg' ePsf]
ljifo M clgjfo{ g]kfnL -;]6 v_ 5}g . tkfO{Fn] pxfFnfO{ /fd|/L pkrf/ g} u/fpg' ePg 5 . pxfF a]xf]; x'g'
;ª\sfo M lj1fg k"0ff{ª\s ePsf] lyof] . pxfF ;8s b'3{6gfdf kg'{ eP5 .
M !)) *=tnsf jfSox?nfO{ ;Defjgfy{ jfSodf kl/jt{g ug[{ xf];\ M
sIff M !@ ;do M # 306f %
;a} k|Zgx? clgjfo{ 5g\ . xfdL gf6s x]g{] 5f}F . ltdLx? n'lDagL hfg] 5f} . ef]ln 7'nf] kfgL kg]
!= tnsf k|Zgx?dWo] s'g} Pssf] pQ/ lbg' xf];\ { 5 . pxfFx? kf]v/fdf jf; a:g' x'Gg . xfd|f s'/f efOn] ;'Gof] .
% (=tnsf] uBf+z k9L cGTodf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg' xf];\ M
s_ tnsf j0f{x?sf] pRrf/0f :yfg / k|oTg lrgfpg' xf];\ M !)
6, w, j, x, ; JolQm / ;dfhsf] ljsf;sf nflu lzIff Ps cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] . cfh ljZjsf
v_tnsf zAbx?sf] cIf/ ;+/rgf / cIf/ ;+Vof b]vfpg' xf];\ M k|fo M ;a} /fi6«x?n] o; dfGotfsf] cg';/0f u/]sf 5g\ . lzIffsf] of] ;fdflhs gLlt
cWoog, 5fqj[lQ, r}t, bIftf, if8fgGb ljZje/ k|hftflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf] lj:tf/;Fu} lgM;[t x'Fb} cfPsf] xf] . ;fdflhs
@= z'4 kf/]/ pQ/ k'l:tsfdf ;fg'{ xf];\ M ljsf;df lzIffsf] ckl/xfo{tf :jLs[t eO{ o;nfO{ cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] ¿kdf
!) cËLsf/ ul/ ;s]kl5 /fHon] / To;sf] k|ltlglwsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;/sf/n] cfˆgf
hazDd rOtGon] /fd|/L sfd ul//xG5, To; j]nf ;Dd xfd|f] dg:yLlt klg gful/sx?sf] enfO / ljsf;sf nflu plxn]sf ;/sf/x?n] em}+ zflGt ;'/Iff dfq cfˆgf]
cg's"n\ /xG5 eGg' s'/f gj'‰g]n] 7'nf] sfd u5{ eGg] cf;f ug'{ x'b}g . bfloTj g;DemL lzIffnfO{ b]z ljsf;sf] Ps dxTTjk"0f{ sf/ssf ¿kdf cfˆgf
#= /]vfª\lst zAbx?sf] zAbju{ klxrfg u/L n]Vg' xf];\ M gful/sx?sf] ;]jfsf nflu pkof]u ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . plxn]
% w]/}h;f] /fHox?df ;/sf/ jf zf;gn] lzIff ljifodf s'g} k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fv]sf]
ltdL kf]xf]/ xfdLsxfF cfpFbf Hofb} e'mq]emfd|] :j¿ksf b]lvGYof} t/ Ps kfO{Fb}gYof] . s]xL ;ª\3;+:yf jf JolQmx? lzIffsf] ljsf;sf nflu k|of; ug]
jif{d} ltd|f] hLjgdf s;/L rf}k§} kl/jt{g cfof] < of] b]v]/ kf] xfdL rlst eof}+ { ub{y] . ;/sf/sf] bfloTj s]xL cfly{s cg'bfg jf :jLs[lt k|bfg ug'{df ;Lldt
t . xf]Og, ltdLn] o:tf] cj;/ sxfF kfof} xF < a'9fkfsf t eGy], …dfG5]sf] lbg /xGYof] . t/ lxhf]cfh ljZje/ g} k|hftflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL / dfgj dfqsf] ;dfg
kmls{g yfNof] eg] t To;n] cfkmGtnfO{ ;d]t e'Ng a]/ nufpFb}g .Ú cj;/sf] wf/0ff k|To]s /fHon] gcFufnL gx'g] dfGotf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 .
$= tnsf zAbx?sf] ju{ kl/jt{g ug'{ xf];\ M ;dfhdf ljleGg sf/0fn] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ ;afndf c;dfgtf /x]sf] s'/f Pp6f
% ;fdfGo cg'ejsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . o;df ljleGg sf/sx? /x]sf 5g\ . tL sf/sx?sf]
nf}lss, /x:o, sf], s;/L, w'kf}/], wg, ul/aL, ;f}Gbo{, tn, If]qLo ;DaGw s]xL dfqfdf JolQmdf cGtlg{lxt Ifdtf;Fu /x]sf] 5 eg] s]xL dfqfdf
%= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 ltg ltg cf]6f tT;d / cfuGt's zAb vf]hL n]Vg' xf];\ M ;fdflhs cfly{s kl/j]z;Fu klg /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;dfhdf ljBdfg s]xL tuf/fx?sf]
# lg/fs/0f jf yk ;'ljwfx?sf] Joj:yfåf/f lzIff cfh{gdf b]vf k/]sf c;dfgtf x6fpg
l;4fGt / Jojxf/ Ps csf{sf k"/s x'g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] slxNo} la;{g' ;a}nfO{ pko'Qm cj;/ h'6fO lbg' cTofjZos eO ;s]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df Pp6f s'/f
x'Fb}g . :s'n hfg] JolQm x'g\ of SjfF6L k"l0f{dfdf 3/lt/} cndlng] JolQm s] :ki6 x'g' lgtfGt cfjZos 5 eg] lzIffdf k"0f{t M ;dfgtfsf] l:ylt ;Dej
x'g\ cyjf lkhfsf] :jfbdf xf]6nlt/} e'Ng] JolQm lsg gx'g\, o;nfO{ ;a}n] x'Fb}g . lsgeg] k|To]s JolQm k|fs[lts lx;fan] g} Pscsf{df leGg x'G5 .
cfTd;ft ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . To;}n] JolQmsf] cfˆgf] Ifdtf d'tflas lzIff cfh{g ug{ ;Sg] cj;/ h'6fO lbg'
^= tnsf zAbx?dWo] tT;d, tb\ej / cfuGt's 5'6\ofP/ n]Vg' xf];\ M /fHosf] bfloTj xf] . To:tf] cj;/ ljBdfg ePdf Ifdtf jf ?lr x'g]n] cfkm\gf]
@ pRrtd ljsf;sf nflu pko'Qm lzIff cfh{g ug]{ df}sf kfpF5 . pko'Qm lzIff k|
 bfg ug]{ ;+:yfsf] cefj / cfly{s Ifdtfsf] sdLn] ubf{ To:tf] ;+:yfdf k|j]z u/L
lzIff cfh{g ug{ ;Sg] cj;/ g/x]df eg] lzIffdf ;dfg cj;/ /x]sf] dfGg ;ls+b}g .
k|Zgx? M
s_ ;dfh ljsf;sf nflu lzIff cfwf/e"t cfjZostf xf] eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; s;/L
eof] <
v_ lzIffdf cj;/sf] ;dfgtfaf/]sf] s'/f lsg p7\g yfn]sf] 5 <
u_ bf];|f] cg'R5]bsf] d'Vo cfzo s] xf] <
3_ plxn] ;/sf/n] lzIffsf ljifodf ;/f]sf/ g/fVg] sf/0f s] xf]nf <
ª_ cy{ n]Vg'xf];\ M ckl/xfo{tf, ;/f]sf/ .
!)= k|Zg g+= ( sf] cg'R5]bnfO{ ;+If]kLs/0f ug'{ xf];\ M
% bfgj, df]6/ ;8ssf] 5ftLdf lrlKnFb} lyof] clg ToxfF ;8ssf] lardf, d]/f] ;fgf]
!!= tn lbOPsf] uBf+zaf6 kfFr j6f d'Vo a'Fbf l6Kg' xf];\ M
% eoª\s/ kfª\u|fn] lslrldrL eP/ c;xfo nf]l6 /x]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnsf k|l;4 k'?if afns[i0f ;d n]vs / snfsf/ b'a} x'g\ / Ps cu|0fL lrGts
tyf k|jStf klg x'g\ . pgsf] snfTds ?lr ;ª\uLttkm{ klg /x]sf] xf] t/ pgL d'Vot
M lrqsf/ / cleg]tfsf ¿kdf snf If]qdf rlr{t /x]sf 5g\ . Ps jStfsf ¿kdf klg pgsf]
Voflt /x\of] / pgL g]kfnL ljifosf k|fWofks klg /x]sf x'g\ . eflifs If]qdf psf]
snd ;flxTo]t/ bz{g, lrGtg Pj+ k|aGwfTds n]v / u|Gytkm{ klg km}lnPsf] 5 .
t/ oL ;a x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ;flxTo g} logsf s[ltTjsf] d"n kIf xf] . ;flxTosf sljtf /
gf6ssf ;fy} uBfTds syf, lgaGw, hLjgL Pj+ cfTdsyf, ;+:d/0f h:tf ljljw ljwf
pkljwfdf pgsf] snd rn]sf] 5 / pgL ;flxTo If]qs} klg ax'd'vL k|ltef x'g\ .
o; ;Gbe{df sljtf If]q pgsf] k|yd k|]o /x]sf] 5 tfklg pgsf] of]ubfg / Vofltsf]
;jf]{kl/ If]q rflxF gf6s g} xf] . sljtf ljwf cGtu{t o; ljwfsf] ;fgf] ¿k km'6s/
sljtfb]lv demf}nf ¿k v08sfJo x'Fb} a[xt\ ¿k dxfsfJo;Dd pgsf] ;[hgfj[Q
km}lnPsf] 5 . To:t} gf6ssf] If]qdf klg pgL n3' gf6s -Psfª\sL_ b]lv lnP/
gf6s / dxf–gf6s;DDf km}lng k'u]sf 5g\ .
!@=s'g} Ps zLif{sdf #)) zAbdf g36fO{ cg'R5]b n]Vg' xf];\ M
!%
s_ d]/f] hLjgsf] nIo
v_ sIff !@ sf] cWoogkl5 s] ug]{ <
u_ d r/f ePsf] eP
!#=…dw' dfntLsf] syfÚ syfsf] tn lbOPsf] c+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf]
pQ/ lbg' xf];\ M !)
æ=========zª\s/ Û of] Sof 5f]6fx?sf] l5d]s /] Û xfd|L
lbbLcfdfn] eGof . oxfFsf 5f]6fx?sf] ;ª\utn] d lalu|PF /] Sof Û To;}n] xfdL
3/ ;/]sf] . ========= xf], ;fFlRr, ca d cfpGgF . ltdL klg gcfpg] xfd|f]
3/df < === pM k/ dw];df .Æ uf}/L lbbLcfdfsf] xftaf6 5'6\g an ub}{ df]6/
leqaf6 xft xNnfP/ eGb} lyO{ . p;sf] :j/ la:tf/} dlnlgb} uof] .
lsg lsg Tolt a]nf dnfO{ leq}b]lv /f]pmF /f]pmF nfu]/ cfof] . ca
uf}/L oxfF slxNo} cfpGg . d]/f] cfFvf cfF;'n] wldnf] eof] . To} wldnf]df
d}n] x]/]F . k/ cfkm"leq uf}/LnfO{, d]/L dfntLnfO{ krfPsf] sfnf] eoª\s/
lg/kfgL /ª\usf] ;'Gb/ cfn' 3f]8f dw's/sf] jfo'kª\vL 3f]8f Tof] sfnf] bfgjsf]
k|Zgx? M
s_ zª\s/ / uf}/Lsf larsf] afnk|]dnfO{ ;fdGtL ;dfhn] ;kmn x'g lbPg .
uBf+zsf] klxnf] cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df :ki6 kfg'{ xf];\ .
v_ dflysf] uBf+zsf] kl5Nnf] cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ju{ lje]btfsf] s:tf]
¿k b]vfOPsf] 5 , 5nkmn ug'{ xf];\ .
!$=s'g} b'O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg' xf];\ M
@%Ö!)
s_ tnsf] sljtf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] 5f]6f] 5l/tf] pQ/ lbg' xf];\ M
ef]Ubf–
p;n] dlxiff;'/ emfk8x? ef]u]sf] 5
dfUbf–
p;n] cGgsf bfgfx? dfu]sf] 5
skf;sf ufF7 / af/Lsf kf6fx? dfu]sf] 5
Pp6f Pp6f aGb's af]Sg] xftnfO{ Pp6f Pp6f sf]bfnL lbg' k5{
xs{ axfb'/n] ;w}F sf]bfnL dfu]sf] 5
k|Zgx? M
c_ dflysf] sljtf+zsf] sylotf -jStf_ sf] xf] <
cf_ dlxiff;'/ emfk8 eg]sf] s] xf] / of] ef]Ug] JolQm sf] xf] <
O_ cGgsf bfgf / skf;sf ufF7;Fu af/Lsf kf6fsf] s] ;DaGw 5 <
O{_ dflysf] sljtf+zdf k|o'Qm aGb's / sf]bfnLn] hLjgsf] s'g s'g kIfnfO{
;ª\s]t u/]sf 5g\ <
p_ dflysf] sljtf+zsf cfwf/df xs{ axfb'/nfO{ s;/L lrgfpg ;lsG5 <