LITERARY TERMS

Slide 2 – LITERATURE

- writings that express ____________ of _________________ __________________,

___________________ ____________________,

and share __________________ _________________

Slide 3 – Universal

- _____________ or ____________ that _______________ to ___________________

in the _____________ regardless of _______________ __________________,

__________________, or ____________________ _____________________.

Slide 4 – Archetypal

- ____________, ____________, ____________ that ____________ in

__________________ regardless of ___________ ____________,

________________, or __________________ ___________________

Slide 5 – Literary Types

 ________________________ • ________________________

 ________________________ • ________________________

 ________________________ • ________________________

 ________________________ • ________________________

 ________________________ • ________________________

 ________________________ • ________________________
Slide 6 - FICTION

 ____________________ is prose ________________ that tells about

____________________ ____________________ and ___________________.

 Fiction can be entirely _________________________, or _________________ on real

____________________ and/or _________________ (________________ fiction)

Prose - the ordinary form of spoken or written language, without metrical structure, as
distinguished from poetry or verse.

Slide 7 – NON-FICTION

 ____________________ is prose ________________ that tells about

____________________ ____________________ and ___________________.

Some of the non-fiction literary types that we will be studying this semester includes:
 ___________________ • ______________________ • ______________________

Slide 8-9 – THEME

The central __________________ or ______________ into _____________

revealed through a ________________ work;

The deeper ___________________, the main ___________________.

 __________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________

 __________________________________________________
Slide 10 – SETTING

 The setting is the _______________ and ______________of the action.

 _______________ can include not only the historical period—past, present, or

future—but also a specific year, season, or time of day.

 _______________—though usually physical—may also involve the social,

economic, or cultural environment of the story

Slide 11 CONFLICT

• A ________________ is a __________________ between opposing _____________.

There are ________ types of conflict:

1 . ___________________________ 2 . _____________________________

Conflict that occurs Conflict that occurs

__________________________ _________________________
the character the character

- man vs. _________________ - man vs. _________________

man vs. _________________
man vs. _________________
man vs. _________________

Slide 12 - PROTAGONIST

 The protagonist is the ___________ ____________________in a

literary work.

 He/she is NOT necessarily the “good guy”, just the _______________

character.
Slide 13 – ANTAGONIST

 An antagonist is a _______________ or _______________ in

____________ with the main character.

 This is NOT necessarily the “bad guy”, just the person or thing that is
working against the main character.
Slide 14 CHARACTERIZATION

 The way a writer reveals a character’s _______________________ and

__________________.

 There are two methods:

Direct Characterization: The author directly states a character’s personality

and/or physical traits. “In a cultivated voice marked by a slight accent that gave it added
precision…”

Indirect Characterization: Uses a character’s thoughts, actions, and feelings,

to suggest the character’s traits. “I’ve read your book about hunting snow leopards in Tibet, you see.”
Slide 15 - DYNAMIC CHARACTER

- A __________________ that ________________ and ________________

through the _____________ of the __________.

Example: Ebenezer Scrooge – at the beginning of the story, his character is

mean and lonely. However, through the course of the story, his character
___________ into a man of love

Slide 16 - STATIC CHARACTER

A ________________ that does _______ ____________ or ____________

through the _____________ of the __________.

Example: Wile E. Coyote – his character will never change.

Slide 17
ROUND CHARACTER

- A _______________ that exhibits _________ ___________, __________,

and ____________. Example: Rose from Titanic. A round character can

also be a static character.
FLAT CHARACTER
- A character who has only a _____________ personality ____________.
Example: Cal Hockley and Rose’s mother from Titanic.
Slide 18 - DICTION
Diction
The author’s ______________ of ______________, including ________________

__________, ____________ ________________ , and _______________ of

____________________.

Example - from The Most Dangerous Game:

The dining room to which Ivan conducted him was in many ways remarkable. There was a
medieval magnificence about it; it suggested a baronial hall of feudal times with its oaken
panels, its high ceilings, its vast refectory table where two-score men could sit down to eat.
About the hall were the mounted heads of many animals – lions, tigers, elephants, moose,
bears; larger or more perfect specimens Rainsford had never seen. At the great table the
general was sitting, alone.

Slide 19 Denotation vs. Connotation

 Denotation:

The _______________________ ____________________ of a word,

independent of other associations that the word may have.

 Connotation:

The __________ of _______________ ________________ with a word

_______ ____________________ to the word’s actual, explicit meaning.

Example: ____________ - According to www.dictionary.com the literal definition is a

____________ ______; however, the connotation means ________________________

Slide 20 Mood and Tone

Mood - The _____________ ____________ ______ the reader by a literary work.

In Titanic: suspense

Tone - The author’s ________________ ______________the ____________ that is

expressed in a literary work.

In Titanic: reflective, condemning (the discrimination of social classes)

Slide 21 PURPOSE

 The author’s _______________ for _________________ a specific

piece.

Examples:

To ________________________

To ________________________

To ________________________ the reader

Slide 22 DIALOGUE
 A dialogue is a _________________ between __________________.

 It is often used to reveal things about a ____________________ ,

________________, and _________________ to the _____________,

and to _______________ the _______________ of the __________.

For example:
After walking into the kitchen, Susie cried, “Mom, how could you eat the last cupcake?!”

Mom replied, “I was hungry, and you weren’t here. It was delicious, my dear!”

Slide 23 SYMBOL

Something that has a ________________ ________________, but also ______________

______ or __________________ an _________________ __________.

Example: The American Flag– on a literal level, it is just a flag, a piece of cloth. However,
it also stands for this particular county, for freedom, etc.
Slide 25 IMAGERY

 The ____________________ or figurative language used in literature

that _____________ to our ______________.

 Imagery makes us __________, __________, __________, _________,

__________ what the character __________, __________, _________,

__________ so that we become ______________ in the ____________

and __________ of the story. Example from The Most Dangerous Game:

He lifted the knocker, and it creaked up stiffly, as if it had never before been used. He let I fall,
and it startled him with its booming loudness. He thought he heard steps within; the door remained
closed. Again Rainsford lifted the heavy knocker, and let it fall. The door opened then, opened as
suddenly as if it were on a spring, and Rainsford stood blinking in the river of glaring gold light the
poured out. The first thing Rainsford’s eyes discerned was the largest man Rainsford had ever seen – a
gigantic creature, solidly made and black-bearded to the waist . In his hand the man held a long-
barreled revolver, and he pointing it straight at Rainford’s heart.

Slide 26 - 27 IRONY
 The ____________________ between appearance and reality,

_______________________ and _____________________.

 There are ________ kinds of Irony:

- Irony: a ______________ or ________________

used to suggest the _________________ of its actual ____________

- Irony: When there is a ______________________

between what a character _____________/________________

and what the ______________/________________ _____________

- Irony: When an ____________________ directly

Contradicts __________________ of the _____________

or of the ____________________ .
Slide 28 SIMILE

 A_______________ between ____________ things using “________”

or “________”.

 Similes are used to make ________________ of _______________ or

________________ more _______________.

Example from The Most Dangerous Game:

Without a simile: “It was a long, sleepless night.”

With a simile: “An apprehensive night crawled slowly by like a wounded snake… .”

Slide 29 METAPHOR

 A _______________ between ___________ things, ______________

using the words “___________” or “_____________”.

 Instead, one thing is spoken of as though it is something else

completely.
 Example from The Most Dangerous Game:

Without a metaphor: “The lights of the yacht faded in the night.”

With a metaphor: “The lights of the yacht became faint and ever-vanishing fireflies…”

Slide 30 ALLUSION

 When one literary work __________________ a _________________

_________________ (biographical allusion), ___________________

(geographical allusion), ____________________ (historical allusion),

work of __________ (artistic allusion), or another _______________

_____________ (literary allusion) to make a ___________________.

▪Example from The Most Dangerous Game:

“After the debacle in Russia I left the country, for it was imprudent for an officer of the
Czar to stay there.” = Historical allusion to the Russian Revolution.
Slide 31 PERSONIFICATION

 A type of figurative language, where a ________-__________________

______________ is given _______________ ____________________.

Example from The Most Dangerous Game:

Without personification: It was a quiet night.

With personification: The sensuous drowsiness of the night was on him.”

Slide 32 FORESHADOWING

“Clues” in a literary work that ________________ or hint at

__________ that have yet to occur.

Examples from The Most Dangerous Game:

In the beginning of the story when Whitney says, "Great sport, hunting." Then Rainsford replies,
"The best sport in the world." "For the hunter," amended Whitney. This statement can be used
as an example of foreshadowing the hunt between Rainsford and the General.

When Rainsford and Whitney are on the yacht, Rainsford heard a high screaming of an animal in an
extremity of anguish and terror. He did not recognize the animal that made that sound. He hears an
animal that he has never heard before - which should be impossible since he has hunted every game known to
man. Later, we find out that the scream wasn't an animal - but a human.

Slide 34 NARRATOR

The ______________ from whose ____________________ a story is told.

Example: from Titanic – The story is told from Rose’s perspective. She is an old lady
remembering her experience on the Titanic. Older Rose is the narrator.

Wouldn’t the story be very different if Cal or Rose’s mother were the narrator? How?
Why?
Slide 35 PERSPECTIVE

One’s ________ from a __________________ ____________________; how

a ____________________ is __________ or _______________________.

Slide 36 - 37 POINT OF VIEW

The __________________ or ______________ from which a __________

is being __________.
Types of Point of View:

________-___________ -Point-of-View: When the ______________

____________ the __________ is _______ of the ____________________,

and ________ the __________ as a ____________ ____________.

Example: Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird or Rose in Titanic.

________-___________ -Point-of-View: When the ______________

___________ the ________ is _______ _______ of the ________________

(has no name, and ________ ______ ____________ in any of the

____________ of the ________).

There are two types of Third-Person Point-of-View:

1 . Third-Person ______________ Point-of-View – when the narrator sees

the world through ________ character’s eyes and ____________ _________

that character’s thoughts.

2 . Third-Person ______________ Point-of-View – when the narrator sees

into the minds of ________ of the characters.

Slide 38 PLOT

The ____________ of ____________ that make up a ___________, usually

_______________ around a _________ ____________.

Slide 39 FIVE STAGES OF PLOT

Slide 40 EXPOSITION

The __________ _________ of the ________.

In the ___________________the __________ is ________: this part of the

story _____________________the ______________, the ______________,

and the ___________________ _______________________ .

Slide 41 RISING ACTION

The ____________ _________ of the ________.

This is where the __________ usually begins. In the ____________ _______

the ____________ is _______________ (either between _______________,

or in an _____________ __________). The rising action includes the

__________ leading up to the ___________. The _________________ will

__________ _____ ____________ until the ____________.

Slide 42 CLIMAX

The ___________ is the _____________ __________ of __________

in the __________.

This is the point after which _________________ is ________________.

All of the ______________ or ___________ of the Rising Action have

_____________ _____ to this ____________ when ________________

_________ ______________.

Slide 43 FALLING ACTION

The ___________ of ____________ that ____________ because of the

______________.

This ___________ _____________ the ________________ _____________;

the ______________ ______________.

The ________ moves towards ________________.

Slide 44 RESOLUTION/DENOUMENT

The ___________ of the __________.

The _____________ _____________. The “loose ends” are “tied up” and

the ___________ is brought to its ____________________.

Slide 45 PLAGIARISM

According to the Dictionary.com website,

__________________________________

is the “_________________ or instance

of ___________________or _________________ _______________________

of another author

without ____________________________and the _______________________

of that author's work as one's own,

as by _______ _____________________the original______________________”

(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/plagiarism?s=t).

Slide 46

Plagiarism

can be as few as ________________ ________________

from a source.

See page ______ of your student handbook

for further information on plagiarism.

Plagiarized assignments receive a “________,”

a ________________ __________________,

and an ________________________ _____________________.

Don’t do it! It is not worth it!