4?6 R REVIEW.
. .. ._-
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. strdt (and for this t,liero is now oxporiniontnl
ovidencc) niny bo conipnred t o tho wny in which t.ho
successivo fingers of a glovo fit on to a hnnd.
In Chnntcr,\’I. hydrolysis and synthesis nro dis- !
cnssed. It will bo romemkred t h n t T. Bnogor siig- I
gested in 1870 tlint formnldohydo is tho first pro- ’
duct of nssimilntion of cnrbon dioxido nnd wntcr ’
hy green Ionvcs in sunlight, nnd evidence in sup-
port of this h n been ~ ohtnined by Bokorny nnd !is
lishcr and Priestloy, nnd confirmed by Bcliryrcr.
All this is noted, ns moll ns the obscrrntion of
Brown nlid Bforris in 1893, thnt sucrose is tho first
sugnr to be syntliesised by the nssimilntory proccss.
This we bclicro hns been confirmod hy scrcrnl fiiib-
wqncnt observers. Dr. Armst,rong rightly rrfcrs
to tho discovery ns “ ~ i n o s p ~ c t e d ,nnd ~ ’ in nll pro-
bnbility there is n t lcnst one internicdintc roinporind .
formed between forninldoliyclc (nssuniing this to be ;
t>lm firfit product) nnd siicronc-possibly n hcrosc. I
n u t it must be rcmoiiibercd t h a t non-rcducing
r:nrholigclrntes-sucrose, stnrch, and tho Iiko-ns ;
well ns ninny hctcrogcneous glucosidcs-cf. p. 188
of tho monograph-function i n plniits ns.true r e 1
sorres or resting compounds. Tlio occiirrenco of !
reducing sugnrs in ripening fruits cnnnot 110 cited :
ngninst this view, ns hero n dgntiniic nncl not n
static set of conditions reigns. / mctliod of pnginrf for cnnc Iiy tho nnit Bystom,
A niogt interesting nnd full nccount is given of ’
t h e natiirnl glncosidcs i n Chapter VIT., whilst tho I
wnthotic rrlocosides nre dcnlt witli i n Cl~nptcrVTII. i
Tho lnst Clinpter IIZ. is oiie of the most, suggestive ,
in tho nionogrnpii. dovcring but 14 pngcs, i t puts
forward whnt woulcl seem to bo most lnusible ex- :
plnnatiom of tho significnnce of gyucosiden i n ’
nietnbolism, thcir products OF hydrolysis other j
than tho sugnrs by spccifio onxymcs stimulnting I
lrntnbolic clinnges such ns norninlly tnko place at
night. llespiption in.plnnts nnd tho ripening of
fleshy friiits IS discusscd in t.hc snmo light. Tlio ,
tcsl is based on tlio rcsoarchcs of numerous ob-
fiervers, among which those of H. E. and E. F.
Armstrong (1910-1912)figriro largely.
~ 1 1b0 i ~ i o g r a p ~ iis
nionogrnph.
y nil iniportnnt fcntiiro of t ~ i o
Wc mnr tlny of Dr. Arniutrong’s moiiogrnph tllnt
it. is n usoful compilntion nnd fulfils its objects. It ,
cannot fnil to proro of grcnt rnluo to flitlire 1
workers on tlic suhjert.
~ R T i r U nR . Liso,
--
C.\LOUlATIONR USED IN C.\NE-SFO.\ll F.iOTORlES.-,‘l
plncficrtl system of clicrtiirnl cotitrol for the ,
rij!/nr it01tac.q of ],ojfi.qi[j?l(i, t,llc tropics, and I
o f h c r caric-proditcitr!j roiinfi*ic.y. n!/rrrj~Ih-a R. 1
AfOII8E. Uecotttl cditioti, ~ e - r ~ ~ r j t f ap, p~.. 189. ,
( X C I U1-od:: J o l ~ nIlriley t b Sotls, Z r t p . &O?ldO)l: ’
Clrnpniail c t linll., Ltt?., 1915). rr.ice 9s. &I.
Tho originill edition of Irvine H, Bforsc’s rcry 1
iisefnl littlo book on cnlculntions used in cnno sugnr I
factories nppenrcd in 1906. Tho second odition, 1
which lins just h o n issucd, hns moro tlinn douhled
in bulk.
Although tho niithor hns Iind erperionco in Cubn, i
his cnlculntions ore nininly concerned with condi-
tions rind problems ns t]loy exist in I,ouiRia1lnJ
sliorc tho cniio neror ripens and whoro onrly frosts
must bo reckone(1 \I*ith. Novortholess i t contnil1H :
mllc]i of gellorn1 vnluo thnt n second rind up-to-
dnt& edition \rill tJo \\&!on]d in a11 cnne-pro(1ucing
countries. Tn thiH vonncxion i t might bo yell t o 1
direct Atbntion to tho need for nloro conslshllcy
in tho method8 of oxpressing monsuronionfA i)i
cnne siignr ciilciiliitions. Not only do Bpanisli-
speaking ninniifnctiirors nnd rowom buy nn? sell ,
thoir cniio hy tho nrroba of ZE lh. Bpnnish \wight,
hit tho Spniiish pound y uols 400’1 gma., rvhorons
tlio Amoricnn (and Engl$i) pounds aro ccpivnlont
to 4ti3’0 glI1R. It’urthor tho Anioric&n gnl~oiiof
lb. nn(1 tho English gallon of 10 Ib. aro both 1
[Sovembor 16, 1010.
I-.-. . -- -.--_._-...________I_---..-~-.
___.-___I____I_ ..
1 employed. Finnlly, i n Louisiana the. violds are
pressed i n pounds per ton of cnno, nnd not in all ns
OR-
1 otlicr countries ns per cent. of cane.
This book does not lay elaim ‘to being a tost-
book of sugnr nnalysis, lint, it contnins mnny,
thoiig11 nocewnrilg brief, directions, together with
n very complete sot of tables. A rcry important
fentiire of nfr. Aforso’s publicntion is his systom of
drnwing up lnborntorg reports.
TWOproblems of cconomic interest, nnmely, thn
two-factory system nnd the pnyment of cnne by tlio
” unit ” systenl, nro dcnk with rnther fully. nr.
~ Cl‘corligs hns shown rcry clcnrly tthnt ic*licnevertho
rnne is nllnscd to nintrire thoroughly, ns is tho cnsc
in the tropics. tho sngnr will 110 evenly distriliiitecl
throuchout tlic n.holc lcngtli of tho cnne. In
Louisinnn, on t,Iic other Iinnd, where tho period
oF growth of the cnne iR n sbort one, ortending froui
Nnrch to October or Norcmher, t h o grentor p n r t
of tho sngnr is found in tho lower joints. When
immnturo cnne is groiincl n scrimis IOSH occurs from
t h e estrnction of sugnr €ram tho iippcr hnlf, b u t
n hnndsome profit from tho oxtrnction of sugnr
from the loivcr hnlf. Tho only sound solution of tho
problem is iincloubtedly to mnnufncturo tho nppor
I hnlf into syrup nncl tho lonw into gugnr. Tho
to which 3fr. Bforpo darotcs R wholo chnptor, do-
pcnds on the principle of pnyinrr nccorcling to thc
intrinsic vnlua of tlic cane. This u n i t mng ho
definccl ns n f i m r e which n h n multiplied by tho
~ prico of grnnulntcci suenr nnd tho porcentnge of
F U C ~ O S C in tho juico will piro tho totnl incomo t o
he cxpcctcd from n ton of cnne. This method is
fnir to h t h Crowcr nnd mnnufnctiircr, ns tho prico
of cnno incrcnses or decrcnses in direct proportion
t o tlic vnliio of the coinnicrcinl products obtnined.
A brief rclcrcnce is mnclo t o tho offect of the s n r
on tho cnnc industry nntl tho prohlcm of tho pro-
1 diiction of r h n p siipnr. Ho mnintnins thnt i t will
he nlct by tlic introdiiction of the two-fnctory RYS-
i
~
tcn alrcndy rcfcrrcd to, nnd tho disrovery of n n
cconomic proccss for mnb.ing st,nnc1nrcl grnnu~ntcil
fiiienr direct from tlic rnnc.
Tlioricli dcnling to 11 1:ircc cxtcnt with prohlcnw
more clcfinitoly connertcd with h ~ i s i n n n , the
ncciirntc nnd well-nrrnngcd infornint.ion which the
1 IiooIc rontnins will n I w n r 9 Iie I I F C ~ I I I: nnd the ninny
1~rolilcmsdiscuswl will lio rend with vrent intcwst
~
j 1)y (111 n.worintcd with the sugnr industry.
F. V. Thnnrsnrnfi.
3fcssr.s. Tmcmnns, Grccn R: Co. niinniincP tlint
n ~ J.. W. 3rollor hns hccn cngngbd for tho lnst
t\rclw ycnrs on the prcpnrntion of n compendious
siirvcr of innrgnnic nnd mnernl rhcmistrg. Thc
I rom~ilctcirork will prohnlily consist of six roli~iiics,
111cfirst of nliirli is now in thc prcfis for pulilicn-
Pnr’y nrst ycnr’
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PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.
u
J i l O S U.\CTMlIA. 1 1 D. ~ ELLIR.(rr’ilh 15 d ! i l S t t ‘ f l -
I tiorla find 13 ?#(lte3.) z’l). 370. ( f i O l l ( ~ o ~ l - ’
.?fcth1cf!tb ( I d C O Lid., r91o.) ]’rice 10.9. oil.
‘ r l l E ~’lloFERf3ION OF C ~ I X I A T R Y . n.
11.. ~ I I ~ O I I N l l .
2‘11. 199. ( ~ O t l d O t 1 : (.!OtlS/rtb!C alld C‘O., %td.,
lOl!J.) I’ricc 0s. &I.
A\ IIIIIIdOCItAI’IIY O S TllB IlOAHTIN(4, LC.\OIIINCI,
f$LII<LTII\’G ANn ~LY.OTIlOUI:T.\I~I~IIIIOT
Ob* XINO.
L‘otiipilrd b y 11. L. W I i m r m i . 1JiillcIitr NO.3,
T’O!. IT’., of the School of Mitlcs and M e l d -
1Jir iverritf1 0f ~ f i s d o u r i?.crised
111r@g, , to . ~
-
I I C ,
; 1919. 1’12. 38U. (Rotin, dfissouri, l0lS.J
C~).r.iftetirltcI,E.--in tho l n x t i s n c , p. 3115it, Iino 44,
in liott of “ I\kYCPR,’’ r o l d “ MiCrR.”