HOSPITAL

LITERATURE STUDY

Y18APO1- 07, 09, 11, 14, 15, 31

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-III LITERATURE STUDY Y18AP0107 Y18AP0109

DESIGN : HOSPITAL Y18AP0111 Y18AP0114
SHEET NO : 1 Y18AP0115 Y18AP0131

Introduction
What is a hospital?
A hospital is a health care institution providing
patient treatment with specialized medical and
nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-
known type of hospital is the general hospital,
which typically has an emergency department
to treat urgent health problems ranging from
fire and accident victims to a sudden illness.
Hospitals are the most complex of building
types
To better serve the wide-ranging needs of
the community the modern hospital has
often developed outpatient facilities, as well
as emergency, psychiatric, and rehabilitation
services. In addition, “bed less hospitals”
provide strictly ambulatory(outpatient) care
and day surgery
HISTORY
The earliest documented institutions
aiming to provide cures
were ancient Egyptian temples In ancient
 history hospitals have been documented
in Greece, Rome, the Indian subcontinent,
and Persia. In ancient cultures, religion
and medicine were linked.
GRREK HOSPITAL HISTORY
The Asclepieion of the island of Kos.
Healthcare in Greece traces its roots to
the ancient Greek civilization. Hospitals
did not exist in the modern sense in the
ancient Greek world, but temples
dedicated to the healing god Aesculapius
(called Asclepiad) functioned as healing
places as well as places of worship
HELLENISTIC: Temple of Apollo: Floor
Plan. The Cella is a building within a
building.
LITERATURE STUDY OF A HOSPITAL
Hospital building differs from other building types in the The word “HOSPITAL”
complexity of functional relationships that must exist ordinated from latrine
between the various parts of the hospital. • Apart from “HOSPICE” In early Greek
providing right environment for patients and care providers and Roman civilizations, The
,it should also be sensitive to the needs of visitors. • It is temples of the gods were used
thus imperative to examine the emerging issues, analyze the as hospitals. The very first
challenges, appreciate the emerging trends and study the hospital was built by Romans
various strategic options available for planning, designing between 1096 and 1291 it’s a
and constructing a hospital. large single room like
structure.
Hospitals are the part of social system which again have subsystem like clinical
services, Diagnostic services, Therapeutic Services, supportive and utility
services with heterogeneous group of people like Doctors, Nurse ,Paramedics,
Administrative staffs all working together to provide medical care to patients.
The history of hospitals began in antiquity SRI LANKA HOSPITAL HISTORY
with hospitals in Greece, the Roman Empire
and on the Indian subcontinent as well,
starting with precursors in The earliest surviving encyclopaedia of
medicine in Sanskrit is the
the Asclepiad temples in ancient Greece and
then the military hospitals in ancient Rome No Paratacamite The extensive ruins suggest
there were patient rooms which measured
civilian hospital existed until the Christian
13*13 which is surprisingly close to the
period.
patient rooms used today The oldest
architectural evidence of a hospital appears Ruins of a two thousand
The antiquity of the hospital medicine to be at mitigatable in sri lank which can be years old hospital were
dated to the 9th century AD discovered in the
historical city of
Anuradhapura Mihintale
Sri Lanka
GREECE ROMAN INDIAN SRI LANKA
SUBCONTINENT
ROMAN HOSPITAL ANCIENT HISTORY INDIAN SUBCONTINENT HOSPITAL
HISTORY
The first hospital in Roman Hospitals in Ancient Rome.
was built in 1798 on the place Hospitals in ancient Rome
where the Municipal Hospital were generally limited to Institutions created specifically to care for the ill also appeared early in
Precista Mare is located today. military camps and the very
the Indian subcontinent. Fa Xian, a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled across
Talmud Torah, one of the first late empire, after the India ca. 400 AD, recorded in his travelogue The heads of the Vaishya (merchant)
Jewish schools in Principality establishment of Christianity. families in them (all the kingdoms of north India) establish in the cities houses for
of Moldova, was inaugurated While legionary medical dispensing charity and medicine. All the poor and destitute in the country, orphans,
in 1817, an important event in facilities were quite extensive,
widowers, and childless men, maimed people and cripples, and all who are diseased,
itself as Moldova did not grant hospitals, as we know them
go to those houses, and are provided with every kind of help, and doctors examine
citizenship to Jews. today, simply didn't exist in their diseases. They get the food and medicines which their cases require, and are
the Roman world . made to feel at ease; and when they are better, they go away of themselves.

The first hospitals were established in ancient Rome. Even today’s

hospitals have a history that dates back to the Roman Empire. During the
Roman Empire, military hospitals were set up to treat and care for the
soldiers of the powerful Roman army. Unlike the hospitals we use today,
Roman hospitals were only for slaves and soldiers. Physicians were
assigned to follow certain armies or ships, where they would care for the
injured. Unfortunately, medical care for the poor was nearly non-existent.
Because of this, the poor would resort to spiritual aid. The typical hospital was divided into departments such as systemic diseases,
Sacred Hospitals of Ancient surgery and orthopedics with larger hospitals having more diverse specialties.
Greece "Systemic diseases" was the rough equivalent of today's internal medicine and was
Dedicated to the god of further divided into sections such as fever, infections and digestive issues.
healing, Asclepeion sanctuaries
functioned as centre's of
worship

Asclepieia functioned as sacred hospitals,
nursing-homes, centre's of religious worship and
of popular entertainment, as well as gathering
places for teachers and students, especially those
interested in becoming doctors.
MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC
HOSPITALS
The first Muslim hospital was
an asylum to contain leprosy,
built in the early eighth century,
where patients were confined
but, like the blind, were given a
stipend to support their
families. The earliest general
hospital was built in 805 in
Baghdad by Harun Al-Rashid.
The hospital as being a product of medieval Islamic civilization.
Compared to contemporaneous Christian institutions, which were poor and
sick relief facilities offered by some monasteries, the Islamic hospital was
a more elaborate institution with a wider range of functions. In Islam there Entrance to
was a moral imperative to treat the ill regardless of financial status. the Qawaloon
Islamic hospitals tended to be large, urban structures, and were largely complex in
Cairo, Egypt
secular institutions, many open to all, whether male or female, civilian or
which housed
military, child or adult, rich or poor, Muslim or non-Muslim. The Islamic
the notable
hospital served several purposes, as a center of medical treatment, a home
Qawaloon
for patients recovering from illness or accidents, an insane asylum, and a
hospital
retirement home with basic maintenance needs for the aged and infirm

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-III LITERATURE STUDY Y18AP0107 Y18AP0109

DESIGN : HOSPITAL Y18AP0111 Y18AP0114
SHEET NO : 1 Y18AP0115 Y18AP0131
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-III LITERATURE STUDY Y18AP0107 Y18AP0109
DESIGN : HOSPITAL Y18AP0111 Y18AP0114
SHEET NO : 1 Y18AP0115 Y18AP0131