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Tube-Structures PRE
Tube-Structures PRE
Tube-Structures PRE
PRESENTED BY :
MD.MORSHED BIN ALAM
ID NO. : 003-12-27
BATCH : CE-21
CONTENT
ITRODUCTION
CONCEPT
HISTORY
TYPES
COMPARISON
INTRODUCTION
The tube is the name given to the systems where in order to
resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, etc.) a building is designed to act like a
three-dimensional hollow tube. The system was introduced by Fazlur
Rahman Khan while at Skidmore, Owings and Merrill's (SOM) Chicago
office. The first example of the tube’s use is the 43-story Khan-designed
DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago, Illinois, completed in
1963.
The first building to apply the tube-frame construction was the DeWitt-
Chestnut apartment building which Khan designed(1963) and was
completed in Chicago by 1965. This laid the foundations for the tube
structures of many other later skyscrapers, including his own John
Hancock Center and Willis Tower, and can been seen in the construction
of the World Trade Center, Petronas Towers, Jin Mao Building, and most
other supertall skyscrapers since the 1960s. The strong influence of tube
structure design is also evident in the construction of the current tallest
skyscraper, the Burj Khalifa.
DeWitt-Chestnut apartment John Hancock Center 1969
building, Chicago 1965
World Trade Center, 1987 Petronas Towers, 1998
Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai Burj Khalifa, Dubai
1998 2010
IN 1969, FAZLUR KHAN STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CLASSIFIED
AS BELOW AS PER THE HEIGHT:
TYPES
SHEAR LAG :-
(a) (b)
If the tube loaded on side AB, then the whole frames AB and
CD are called ‘Flange frames’ and the frames AD and BC are
called ‘Web frame’
Cont…
Proportioning:
30m minimum floor dimension
Centrally
stability core around lifts/stairs,
moment frame around perimeter
30 to 60 floor, 100 to 160m height
Clearfloor plates, but wide perimeter columns
and deep perimeter beam constrains view
Traditionally2 or 3 zone elevator arrangement,
but would benefit from optimization using
double decks or sky lobbies.
Cont…
Behavior of Tube in Tube Tall Building
• The deflection & wall moment curve indicate the reversal in curvature with
a point of inflexion, above which the wall moment is opposite in sense to
that in a free cantilever (fig-a & b)
• Fig-c - The shear is uniform over the height of the frame, except near the
base where it reduces to a negligible amount
• At the top, (where the external shear is zero), the frame is subjected to a
significant positive shear - balanced by an equal negative shear at top of
the wall, with a corresponding concentrated interaction force acting
between the frame and the wall.
Cont…
Advantages:
• The most notable examples are the John Hancock Center, the
Citigroup Center, and the Bank of China Tower.
Cont…
Behavior under Gravity loading:-
(a) - Intermediate columns will displace downward by more than
corresponding points on the diagonal- controlled by the vertical
displacement of the less highly stressed corner columns.
(b) - Downward forces on each diagonal are carried at its ends by
the corner columns - compressive forces are increased at each
intersection with a diagonal = equalization of the stresses in the
intermediate and corner columns.
Behavior under lateral loading:-
a) If the diagonals are initially disconnected from the intermediate columns, the
columns and diagonals of the face will be in tension while the spandrels are in
compression .
Because of the shear lag effect the intermediate columns will now be less highly
stressed than the corner columns. the connection points on the diagonals will be
displaced upward by more than the corresponding points on the unconnected
intermediate columns.
b) If the diagonals and intermediate columns are connected together, iterative vertical
forces will be mobilized
These upward forces cause an increase in tension in the intermediate columns
Building Year Stories Structural Steel Usage
(Height/Width System in psf
)
Empire State 1931 102 (9.3) Braced Rigid 42.2
Building, NY Frame John
Hancock Center, 1968 100 (7.9) Braced Tube 29.7
Chicago
World Trade 1972 110 (6.9) Framed Tube 37.0
Center(Demolishe
d), NY
Sears Tower, 1974 109 (6.4) Bundled Tube 33.0
Chicago
Comparison of Tube Systems
Ext. Framed 80 Effectively resists lateral Interior planning 181 West Madison
Tube in Tube Tube (Steel or loads by producing interior limitations due to shear Street (Chicago,
Concrete) + core.
shear core - exterior USA, 50 stories,
Int. Core Tube
(Steel or framed tube interacting 207 m)
Concrete) system.
REFERENCES
Mir M.Ali and Kyoung Sun Moon “Structural
Developments in Tall Buildings: Current Trends and
Future Prospects”
en.wikipedia.org
Kyoung Sun Moon “Material-Saving Design Strategies
for Tall Building Structures”
Text book- Engineering Architecture the vision of Fazlur R. Khan by
Yasmin Sabina Khan
sefindia.org
Thank you