2010 United States Census

1/12/2021 2010 United States census - Wikipedia
2010 United States census
The United States Census of 2010 was the twenty-third

United States national census. National Census Day, the Twenty-third Census
reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2010.[1] The of the United States
census was taken via mail-in citizen self-reporting, with
enumerators serving to spot-check randomly selected April 1, 2010
neighborhoods and communities. As part of a drive to increase
the count's accuracy, 635,000 temporary enumerators were
hired.[2][3] The population of the United States was counted as
308,745,538,[4] a 9.7% increase from the 2000 Census. This
was the first census in which all states recorded a population of
over half a million people as well as the first in which all 100
largest cities recorded populations of over 200,000.
Contents
Introduction
Major changes Seal of the U.S. Census Bureau
Cost
Technology
Marketing and undercounts
Reapportionment
Controversies
2010 U.S. Census logo
Clemons v. Department of Commerce
General information
State rankings
Country United States
Metropolitan rankings
Results
City rankings Total 308,745,538 ( 9.7%)
See also population
References Most populous California (37,253,956)
External links state
Least populous Wyoming (563,826)
state
Introduction
As required by the United States Constitution, the U.S. census has been conducted every 10 years since
1790. The 2000 U.S. Census was the previous census completed. Participation in the U.S. Census is
required by law of persons living in the United States in Title 13 of the United States Code.[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_census 1/19
On January 25, 2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census
enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, a resident of Noorvik, Alaska.[6] More
than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U.S. Post Office beginning March 15, 2010.[7] The
number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on
April 1, 2010.[8] Although the questionnaire used April 1, 2010 as the reference date as to where a person
was living, an insert dated March 15, 2010 included the following printed in bold type: "Please complete
and mail back the enclosed census form today."
The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%.[9] From April through July 2010, census
takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called "non-response follow-up"
(NRFU).
In December 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau delivered population information to the U.S. President for
apportionment, and later in March 2011, complete redistricting data was delivered to states.[1]
Personally identifiable information will be available in 2082.[10]
Major changes
The Census Bureau did not use a long form for the 2010 Census.[11] In several previous censuses, one in
six households received this long form, which asked for detailed social and economic information. The
2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions:[11]
1. How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1, 2010?
2. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1, 2010 that you did not include in Question
1? Mark all that apply: (checkboxes for: children; relatives; non-relatives; people staying temporarily;
none)
3. Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – [Checkboxes for owned with a mortgage, owned free and
clear, rented, occupied without rent.]
4. What is your telephone number?
5. What is Person 1's name? (last, first)
6. What is Person 1's sex? (male, female)
7. What is Person 1's age and Person 1's date of birth?
8. Is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin? (checkboxes for: "No", and several for "Yes"
which specify groups of countries)
9. What is Person 1's race? (checkboxes for 14 including "other". One possibility was "Black, African
Am., or Negro")
10. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else? (checkboxes for "No", and several locations
for "Yes")
The form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total.
In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, nor was the form available
for download.[11][12]
Detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through
the American Community Survey.[12] The survey provides data about communities in the United States
on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A
small percentage of the population on a rotating basis will receive the survey each year, and no
household will receive it more than once every five years.[13]
In June 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples.
However, the final form did not contain a separate "same-sex married couple" option. When noting the
relationship between household members, same-sex couples who are married could mark their spouses
as being "Husband or wife", the same response given by opposite-sex married couples. An "unmarried
partner" option was available for couples (whether same-sex or opposite-sex) who were not married.[14]
Cost
The 2010 census cost $13 billion, approximately $42 per capita; by comparison, the 2010 census per-
capita cost for China was about US$1 and for India was US$0.40.[15] Operational costs were $5.4 billion,
significantly under the $7 billion budget.[16] In December 2010 the Government Accountability Office
(GAO) noted that the cost of conducting the census has approximately doubled each decade since
1970.[15] In a detailed 2004 report to Congress, the GAO called on the Census Bureau to address cost and
design issues, and at that time, had estimated the 2010 Census cost to be $11 billion.[17]
In August 2010, Commerce Secretary Gary Locke announced that the census operational costs came in
significantly under budget; of an almost $7 billion operational budget:[16]
$650 million was saved in the budget for the door-to-door questioning (NRFU) phase because 72%
of households returned mailed questionnaires;
$150 million was saved because of lower-than-planned costs in areas including Alaska and tribal
lands; and
the $800 million emergency fund was not needed.
Locke credited the management practices of Census Bureau director Robert Groves, citing in particular
the decision to buy additional advertising in locations where responses lagged, which improved the
overall response rate. The agency also has begun to rely more on questioning neighbors or other reliable
third parties when a person could not be immediately reached at home, which reduced the cost of follow-
up visits. Census data for about 22% of U.S. households that did not reply by mail were based on such
outside interviews, Groves said.[16]
Technology
In 2005, Lockheed Martin won a six-year, $500 million contract to capture and standardize data for the
census. The contract included systems, facilities, and staffing.[18] The final value of that contract was in
excess of one billion dollars.[19] Information technology was about a quarter of the projected $11.3 billion
cost of the decennial census.[20] The use of high-speed document scanning technology, such as
ImageTrac scanners developed by IBML, helped Lockheed Martin complete the project on schedule and
under budget.[21]
This was the first census to use hand-held computing devices with GPS capability, although they were
only used for the address canvassing operation. Enumerators (information gatherers) that had
operational problems with the device understandably made negative reports. During the 2009 Senate
confirmation hearings for Robert Groves, President Obama's Census Director appointee, there was much
mention of contracting problems but very little criticism of the units themselves.[22] In rural areas there
was a problem with transmission of data to and from the HHC. Since the units were updated nightly with
important changes and reprogramming, operator implementation of proper procedure was imperative.
Dramatic dysfunction and delays were caused if the units were not put into sleep mode overnight. The
Census Bureau chose to conduct the primary operation, Non-Response Follow Up (NRFU), without
using the handheld computing devices.[23][24]
Marketing and undercounts

Due to allegations surrounding previous censuses that poor people and non-whites are routinely
undercounted, for the 2010 census, the Census Bureau tried to avoid that bias by enlisting tens of
thousands of intermediaries, such as churches, charities and firms, to explain to people the importance
of being counted.[8]
The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) was given a contract to help
publicize the importance of the census count and to encourage individuals to fill out their forms. In
September 2009, after controversial undercover videos showing four ACORN staffers giving tax advice
to a man and a woman posing as a prostitute, the Bureau canceled ACORN's contract.[25] Various
American celebrities, including Demi Lovato and Eva Longoria,[26] were used in public service
announcements targeting younger people to fill out census forms. Wilmer Valderrama and Rosario
Dawson have helped spread census awareness among young Hispanics, a historically low participating
ethnicity in the U.S. Census.[27] Rapper Ludacris also participated in efforts to spread awareness of the
2010 Census.[28]
The Census Bureau hired about 635,000 people to find those U.S. residents who had not returned their
forms by mail; as of May 28, 2010, 113 census workers had been victims of crime while conducting the
census.[3] As of June 29, there were 436 incidents involving assaults or threats against enumerators,
more than double the 181 incidents in 2000; one enumerator, attempting to hand-deliver the census
forms to a Hawaii County police officer, was arrested for trespassing – the officer's fellow policemen
made the arrest.[2]
Some political conservatives and libertarians questioned the validity of the questions and even
encouraged people to refuse to answer questions for privacy and constitutional reasons.[29] Michele
Bachmann, a former conservative Republican Representative from Minnesota, stated that she would not
fill out her census form other than to indicate the number of people living in her household because "the
Constitution doesn't require any information beyond that."[30] Former Republican Representative and
Libertarian presidential candidate Bob Barr stated that the census has become too intrusive, going
beyond the mere enumeration (i.e., count) intended by the framers of the U.S. Constitution.[31]
According to political commentator Juan Williams, "Census participation rates have been declining since
1970, and if conservatives don't participate, doubts about its accuracy and credibility may become
fatal."[29]
As a result, the Census Bureau undertook an unprecedented advertising campaign targeted at

encouraging white political conservatives to fill out their forms, in the hope of avoiding an undercount of
this group. The 2010 U.S. Census was the primary sponsor at NASCAR races in Atlanta, Bristol, and
Martinsville, and sponsored the No. 16 Ford Fusion driven by Greg Biffle for part of the season, because
of a marketing survey that indicated most NASCAR fans lean politically conservative.[29] It also ran an
advertisement during the 2010 Super Bowl, and hired singer Marie Osmond, who is thought to have
many conservative fans, to publicize the census.[29]
Reapportionment
The results of the 2010 census determined

the number of seats that each state
receives in the United States House of
Representatives starting with the 2012
elections. Consequently, this affected the
number of votes each state has in the
Electoral College for the 2012 presidential
election.
Because of population changes, eighteen

states had changes in their number of
seats. Eight states gained at least one seat,
and ten states lost at least one seat. The The 435 seats of the House grouped by state, as apportioned after
final result involved 12 seats being the 2010 Census
switched.[32]
Gained four seats Gained two seats Gained one seat Lost one seat Lost two seats
Texas Florida Arizona Illinois New York
Georgia Iowa Ohio
Nevada Louisiana
South Carolina Massachusetts
Utah Michigan
Washington Missouri
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Controversies
Some objected to the counting of persons who are in the United States illegally.[33][34] Senators David
Vitter (R-LA) and Bob Bennett (R-UT) tried unsuccessfully to add questions on immigration status to
the census form.[8]
Organizations such as the Prison Policy Initiative argued that the census counts of incarcerated men and
women as residents of prisons, rather than of their pre-incarceration addresses, skewed political clout
and resulted in misleading demographic and population data.[35]
The term "Negro" was used in the questionnaire as one of the options for African Americans (Question 9.
What is Person (number)'s race? ... Black, African Am., or Negro) as a choice to describe one's race.
Census Bureau spokesman Jack Martin explained that "many older African-Americans identified
themselves that way, and many still do. Those who identify themselves as Negroes need to be
included."[36][37] The word was also used in the 2000 Census, with over 56,000 people identifying
themselves as "Negro".[38]
The 2010 census contained ten questions about age, gender, ethnicity, home ownership, and household
relationships. Six of the ten questions were to be answered for each individual in the household. Federal
law has provisions for fining those who refuse to complete the census form.[39]
Detroit Mayor Dave Bing held a press conference on March 22, 2011 to announce that the city would
challenge its census results.[40] The challenge, being led by the city's planning department, cited an
inconsistency as an example showing a downtown census tract which lost only 60 housing units, but
1,400 people, implying that a downtown jail or dormitory was missed in canvassing.[41]
NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a conference on March 27, 2011, to announce that the city would
also challenge his city's census results, specifically the apparent undercounting in the boroughs of
Queens and Brooklyn.[42] Bloomberg said that the numbers for Queens and Brooklyn, the two most
populous boroughs, are implausible.[43] According to the Census, they grew by only 0.1% and 1.6%,
respectively, while the other boroughs grew by between 3% and 5%. He also stated that the census
showed improbably high numbers of vacant housing in vital neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights,
Queens.
The District of Columbia announced in August 2011 that it would also challenge its census results. The
Mayor's Office claimed that the detailed information provided for 549 census blocks is "nonsensical",
listing examples of census data that show housing units located in the middle of a street that does not
actually exist. However, officials do not believe the city's total population will drastically change as a
result of the challenge.[44]
Clemons v. Department of Commerce
A 2009 lawsuit, Clemons v. Department of Commerce (see also controversy and history of United States
congressional apportionment), sought a court order for Congress to reapportion the House of
Representatives with a greater number of members following the census, to rectify under- and over-
representation of some states under the so-called 435 rule established by the Apportionment Act of 1911,
which limits the number of U.S. Representatives to that number, meaning that some states are slightly
underrepresented proportionate to their true population and that others are slightly overrepresented by
the same standard. Had this occurred, it would have also affected Electoral College apportionment for
the 2012–2020 presidential elections.[45] After the court order was not granted, the plaintiffs appealed
the case to the United States Supreme Court, and on December 13, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated and
remanded with instructions to dismiss the complaint for lack of jurisdiction.[46]
State rankings
The state with the highest percentage rate of growth was Nevada, while the state with the largest
population increase was Texas.[47] Michigan, the 8th largest by population, was the only state to lose
population (although Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, lost population as well), and the District of Columbia
saw its first gain since the 1950s.[48] Note that the resident populations listed below do not include
people living overseas. For Congressional apportionment, the sum of a state's resident population and its
population of military personnel and federal contractors living overseas (but not other citizens overseas,
such as missionaries or expatriate workers) is used.[49]
Population and population change in the United States by state
Population as of Population as of Percent

Rank State Change
2000 Census 2010 Census[50] change
1 California 33,871,648 37,253,956 3,382,308 10.0%
2 Texas 20,851,820 25,145,561 4,293,741 20.6%
3 New York 18,976,457 19,378,102 401,645 2.1%
4 Florida 15,982,378 18,801,310 2,818,932 17.6%
5 Illinois 12,419,293 12,830,632 411,339 3.3%
6 Pennsylvania 12,281,054 12,702,379 421,325 3.4%
7 Ohio 11,353,140 11,536,504 183,364 1.6%
8 Michigan 9,938,444 9,883,640 −54,804 −0.6%
9 Georgia 8,186,453 9,687,653 1,501,200 18.3%
10 North Carolina 8,049,313 9,535,483 1,486,170 18.5%
11 New Jersey 8,414,350 8,791,894 377,544 4.5%
12 Virginia 7,078,515 8,001,024 922,509 13.0%
13 Washington 5,894,121 6,724,540 830,419 14.1%
14 Massachusetts 6,349,097 6,547,629 198,532 3.1%
15 Indiana 6,080,485 6,483,802 403,317 6.6%
16 Arizona 5,130,632 6,392,017 1,261,385 24.6%
17 Tennessee 5,689,283 6,346,105 656,822 11.5%
18 Missouri 5,595,211 5,988,927 393,716 7.0%
19 Maryland 5,296,486 5,773,552 477,066 9.0%
20 Wisconsin 5,363,675 5,686,986 323,311 6.0%
21 Minnesota 4,919,479 5,303,925 384,446 7.8%
22 Colorado 4,301,261 5,029,196 727,935 16.9%
23 Alabama 4,447,100 4,779,736 332,636 7.5%
24 South Carolina 4,012,012 4,625,364 613,352 15.3%
25 Louisiana 4,468,976 4,533,372 64,396 1.4%
26 Kentucky 4,041,769 4,339,367 297,598 7.4%
27 Oregon 3,421,399 3,831,074 409,675 12.0%
28 Oklahoma 3,450,654 3,751,351 300,697 8.7%
29 Connecticut 3,405,565 3,574,097 168,532 4.9%
30 Iowa 2,926,324 3,046,355 120,031 4.1%
31 Mississippi 2,844,658 2,967,297 122,639 4.3%
Population as of Population as of Percent

Rank State Change
2000 Census 2010 Census[50] change
32 Arkansas 2,673,400 2,915,918 242,518 9.1%
33 Kansas 2,688,418 2,853,118 164,700 6.1%
34 Utah 2,233,169 2,763,885 530,716 23.8%
35 Nevada 1,998,257 2,700,551 702,294 35.1%
36 New Mexico 1,819,046 2,059,179 240,133 13.2%
37 West Virginia 1,808,344 1,852,994 44,650 2.5%
38 Nebraska 1,711,263 1,826,341 115,078 6.7%
39 Idaho 1,293,953 1,567,582 273,629 21.1%
40 Hawaii 1,211,537 1,360,301 148,764 12.3%
41 Maine 1,274,923 1,328,361 53,438 4.2%
42 New Hampshire 1,235,786 1,316,470 80,684 6.5%
43 Rhode Island 1,048,319 1,052,567 4,248 0.4%
44 Montana 902,195 989,415 87,220 9.7%
45 Delaware 783,600 897,934 114,334 14.6%
46 South Dakota 754,844 814,180 59,336 7.9%
47 Alaska 626,932 710,231 83,299 13.3%
48 North Dakota 642,200 672,591 30,391 4.7%
49 Vermont 608,827 625,741 16,914 2.8%
— District of Columbia 572,059 601,723 29,664 5.2%
50 Wyoming 493,782 563,626 69,844 14.1%
United States 281,421,906 308,745,538 27,323,632 9.7%
Metropolitan rankings
These are core metropolitan rankings versus combined statistical areas. For full list with current data, go
to Metropolitan Statistics.
The top 25 Metropolitan Statistical Areas of the United States of America
2010 Encompassing Combined

Rank Metropolitan Statistical Area
Census Statistical Area
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined
1 19,567,410
Metropolitan Statistical Area Statistical Area
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined
2 12,828,837
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI Combined
3 9,461,105
Statistical Area Statistical Area
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metropolitan Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK Combined
4 6,426,214
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE- Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-
5 5,965,343
MD Metropolitan Statistical Area MD Combined Statistical Area
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX Houston-The Woodlands, TX Combined
6 5,920,416
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD- Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-
7 5,636,232
WV Metropolitan Statistical Area WV-PA Combined Statistical Area
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL
8 5,564,635
Metropolitan Statistical Area Combined Statistical Area
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy
9 5,286,728
Metropolitan Statistical Area Springs, GA Combined Statistical Area
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT
10 4,552,402
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA
11 4,335,391
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI Combined
12 4,296,250
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Combined
13 4,224,851
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ Metropolitan
14 4,192,887
Statistical Area
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Metropolitan Seattle-Tacoma, WA Combined Statistical
15 3,439,809
Statistical Area Area
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI Combined
16 3,348,859
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical
17 3,095,313
Area
St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL
18 St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,787,701
Combined Statistical Area
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
19 2,783,243
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Metropolitan Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-
20 2,710,489
Statistical Area WV-PA Combined Statistical Area
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan
21 2,543,482 Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area
Statistical Area
2010 Encompassing Combined

Rank Metropolitan Statistical Area
Census Statistical Area
Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV
22 Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area 2,356,285
Combined Statistical Area
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR-WA
23 2,226,009
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC Combined
24 2,217,012
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX Metropolitan
25 2,142,508
Statistical Area
City rankings
Land area Population

Rank City State Population (square density Region
miles) (per square mile)
1 New York New York 8,175,133 302.6 27,016.3 Northeast

2 Los Angeles California 3,792,621 468.7 8,091.8 West
3 Chicago Illinois 2,695,598 227.6 11,843.6 Midwest
4 Houston Texas 2,099,451 599.6 3,501.4 South
5 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1,526,006 134.1 11,379.6 Northeast
6 Phoenix Arizona 1,445,632 516.7 2,797.8 West
7 San Antonio Texas 1,327,407 460.9 2,880.0 South
8 San Diego California 1,307,402 325.2 4,020.3 West
9 Dallas Texas 1,197,816 340.5 3,517.8 South
10 San Jose California 945,942 176.5 5,359.4 West
11 Jacksonville Florida 821,784 747.0 1,100.1 South
12 Indianapolis Indiana 820,445 361.4 2,270.2 Midwest
13 San Francisco California 805,235 46.9 17,169.2 West
14 Austin Texas 790,390 297.9 2,653.2 South
15 Columbus Ohio 787,033 217.2 3,623.5 Midwest
16 Fort Worth Texas 741,206 339.8 2,181.3 South
17 Louisville Kentucky 741,096 385.09 1,866.3 South
18 Charlotte North Carolina 731,424 297.7 2,456.9 South
19 Detroit Michigan 713,777 138.8 5,142.5 Midwest
20 El Paso Texas 649,121 255.2 2,543.6 South
21 Memphis Tennessee 646,889 315.1 2,053.0 South
22 Baltimore Maryland 620,961 80.9 7,675.7 Northeast
23 Boston Massachusetts 617,594 48.3 12,786.6 Northeast
24 Seattle Washington 608,660 83.9 7,254.6 West
District of
25 Washington 601,723 61.0 9,864.3 Northeast
Columbia
26 Nashville Tennessee 601,222 475.1 1,265.5 South
27 Denver Colorado 600,158 153.0 3,922.6 West
28 Milwaukee Wisconsin 594,833 96.1 6,189.7 Midwest
29 Portland Oregon 583,776 134.3 4,346.8 West
30 Las Vegas Nevada 583,756 135.8 4,298.6 West
31 Oklahoma City Oklahoma 579,999 606.4 956.5 South
32 Albuquerque New Mexico 545,852 187.7 2,908.1 West
33 Tucson Arizona 520,116 226.7 2,294.3 West
34 Fresno California 494,665 112.0 4,416.7 West

35 Sacramento California 466,488 97.9 4,764.9 West

36 Long Beach California 462,257 50.3 9,190.0 West
37 Kansas City Missouri 459,787 315.0 1,459.6 Midwest
38 Mesa Arizona 439,041 136.5 3,216.4 West
39 Virginia Beach Virginia 437,994 249.0 1,759.0 South
40 Atlanta Georgia 420,003 133.2 3,153.2 South
Colorado
41 Colorado 416,427 194.5 2,141.0 West
Springs
42 Omaha Nebraska 408,958 127.1 3,217.6 Midwest
43 Raleigh North Carolina 403,892 142.9 2,826.4 South
44 Miami Florida 399,457 35.9 11,126.9 South
45 Cleveland Ohio 396,815 77.7 5,107.0 Midwest
46 San Juan Puerto Rico 395,326 47.9 8,253.1
47 Tulsa Oklahoma 391,906 196.8 1,991.4 South
48 Oakland California 390,724 55.8 7,002.2 West
49 Minneapolis Minnesota 382,578 54.0 7,084.8 Midwest
50 Wichita Kansas 382,368 159.3 2,400.3 Midwest
51 Arlington Texas 365,438 95.9 3,810.6 South
52 Bakersfield California 347,483 142.2 2,443.6 West
53 New Orleans Louisiana 343,829 169.4 2,029.7 South
54 Honolulu Hawaii 337,256 60.5 5,574.5 West
55 Anaheim California 336,265 49.8 6,752.3 West
56 Tampa Florida 335,709 113.4 2,960.4 South
57 Aurora Colorado 325,078 154.7 2,101.3 West
58 Santa Ana California 324,528 27.3 11,887.5 West
59 Saint Louis Missouri 319,294 61.9 5,158.2 Midwest
60 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 305,704 55.4 5,518.1 Northeast
61 Corpus Christi Texas 305,215 160.6 1,900.5 South
62 Riverside California 303,871 81.1 3,746.9 West
63 Cincinnati Ohio 296,943 77.9 3,811.8 Midwest
64 Lexington Kentucky 295,803 283.6 1,043.0 South
65 Anchorage Alaska 291,826 1,704.7 171.2 West
66 Stockton California 291,707 61.7 4,727.8 West
67 Toledo Ohio 287,208 80.7 3,559.0 Midwest
68 Saint Paul Minnesota 285,068 52.0 5,482.1 Midwest

69 Newark New Jersey 277,140 24.2 11,452.1 Northeast

70 Greensboro North Carolina 269,666 126.5 2,131.7 South
71 Buffalo New York 261,310 40.4 6,468.1 Northeast
72 Plano Texas 259,841 71.6 3,629.1 South
73 Lincoln Nebraska 258,379 89.1 2,899.9 Midwest
74 Henderson Nevada 257,729 107.7 2,393.0 West
75 Fort Wayne Indiana 253,691 110.6 2,293.8 Midwest
76 Jersey City New Jersey 247,597 14.8 16,729.5 Northeast
77 Saint Petersburg Florida 244,769 61.7 3,967.1 South
78 Chula Vista California 243,916 49.6 4,917.7 West
79 Norfolk Virginia 242,803 54.1 4,488.0 South
80 Orlando Florida 238,300 102.4 2,327.1 South
81 Chandler Arizona 236,123 64.4 3,666.5 West
82 Laredo Texas 236,091 88.9 2,655.7 South
83 Madison Wisconsin 233,209 76.8 3,036.6 Midwest
84 Winston-Salem North Carolina 229,617 132.4 1,734.3 South
85 Lubbock Texas 229,573 122.4 1,875.6 South
86 Baton Rouge Louisiana 229,493 76.9 2,984.3 South
87 Durham North Carolina 228,330 107.4 2,126.0 South
88 Garland Texas 226,876 57.1 3,973.3 South
89 Glendale Arizona 226,721 60.0 3,778.7 West
90 Reno Nevada 225,221 103.0 2,186.6 West
91 Hialeah Florida 224,669 21.5 10,449.7 South
92 Chesapeake Virginia 222,209 340.8 652.0 South
93 Scottsdale Arizona 217,385 183.9 1,182.1 West
94 North Las Vegas Nevada 216,961 101.3 2,141.8 West
95 Irving Texas 216,290 67.0 3,228.2 South
96 Fremont California 214,089 77.5 2,762.4 West
97 Irvine California 212,375 66.1 3,212.9 West
98 Birmingham Alabama 212,237 146.1 1,452.7 South
99 Rochester New York 210,565 35.8 5,881.7 Northeast
100 San Bernardino California 209,924 59.2 3,546.0 West
See also
2010 in the United States
United States census
References
1. "Interactive Timeline" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101220032051/http://2010.census.gov/2010cen
sus/about/timeline-text.php). About the 2010 Census. U.S. Census Bureau. 2011. Archived from the
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sing/) from the original on January 7, 2017. Retrieved January 6, 2017. "The resident continued to
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fence while the resident called his co-workers at the Hawai‘i County Police Department. When police
arrived, instead of asking the resident to accept the forms as required by federal law, the officers
crumpled the papers into Haas' chest and handcuffed him, Haas said....Haas said he told officers
that it was his duty to leave the Census forms with the resident, and that he would leave as soon as
he did it. The officers were enforcing state law and had not been trained on the federal Census law,
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ent-pop-text.php) on December 25, 2010. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
External links
2010 Census (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html)
2010 United States Census Form (https://web.archive.org/web/20170724062356/https://www.censu
s.gov/schools/pdf/2010form_info.pdf)
U.S. Census Bureau (https://www.census.gov/)
The 2010 Census: Winners and Losers (https://web.archive.org/web/20101226041024/http://www.lif
e.com/image/first/in-gallery/53671/the-2010-census-winners-and-losers#index/0) – slideshow by Life
magazine
How to deep link into US Census Bureau FactFinder2 (http://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/AFF_d
eep_linking_guide_v1.1.pdf), see FactFinder2 info (http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20190408010255/htt
p://factfinder.census.gov/home/saff/aff2.html)
Census: As Red States Grow, So Do Hispanic Populations Within (http://www.democracynow.org/20
10/12/22/census_alters_nations_political_landscape_and) – video report by Democracy Now!
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2010 United States Census - Wikipedia

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1/12/2021 2010 United States census - Wikipedia

The United States Census of 2010 was the twenty-third

Personally identifiable information will be available in 2082.[10]

Marketing and undercounts

As a result, the Census Bureau undertook an unprecedented advertising campaign targeted at

The results of the 2010 census determined

Because of population changes, eighteen

Clemons v. Department of Commerce

Population and population change in the United States by state

Population as of Population as of Percent

1 California 33,871,648 37,253,956 3,382,308 10.0%

2 Texas 20,851,820 25,145,561 4,293,741 20.6%

3 New York 18,976,457 19,378,102 401,645 2.1%

4 Florida 15,982,378 18,801,310 2,818,932 17.6%

5 Illinois 12,419,293 12,830,632 411,339 3.3%

6 Pennsylvania 12,281,054 12,702,379 421,325 3.4%

7 Ohio 11,353,140 11,536,504 183,364 1.6%

8 Michigan 9,938,444 9,883,640 −54,804 −0.6%

9 Georgia 8,186,453 9,687,653 1,501,200 18.3%

10 North Carolina 8,049,313 9,535,483 1,486,170 18.5%

11 New Jersey 8,414,350 8,791,894 377,544 4.5%

12 Virginia 7,078,515 8,001,024 922,509 13.0%

13 Washington 5,894,121 6,724,540 830,419 14.1%

14 Massachusetts 6,349,097 6,547,629 198,532 3.1%

15 Indiana 6,080,485 6,483,802 403,317 6.6%

16 Arizona 5,130,632 6,392,017 1,261,385 24.6%

17 Tennessee 5,689,283 6,346,105 656,822 11.5%

18 Missouri 5,595,211 5,988,927 393,716 7.0%

19 Maryland 5,296,486 5,773,552 477,066 9.0%

20 Wisconsin 5,363,675 5,686,986 323,311 6.0%

21 Minnesota 4,919,479 5,303,925 384,446 7.8%

22 Colorado 4,301,261 5,029,196 727,935 16.9%

23 Alabama 4,447,100 4,779,736 332,636 7.5%

24 South Carolina 4,012,012 4,625,364 613,352 15.3%

25 Louisiana 4,468,976 4,533,372 64,396 1.4%

26 Kentucky 4,041,769 4,339,367 297,598 7.4%

27 Oregon 3,421,399 3,831,074 409,675 12.0%

28 Oklahoma 3,450,654 3,751,351 300,697 8.7%

29 Connecticut 3,405,565 3,574,097 168,532 4.9%

30 Iowa 2,926,324 3,046,355 120,031 4.1%

31 Mississippi 2,844,658 2,967,297 122,639 4.3%

Population as of Population as of Percent

32 Arkansas 2,673,400 2,915,918 242,518 9.1%

33 Kansas 2,688,418 2,853,118 164,700 6.1%

34 Utah 2,233,169 2,763,885 530,716 23.8%

35 Nevada 1,998,257 2,700,551 702,294 35.1%

36 New Mexico 1,819,046 2,059,179 240,133 13.2%

37 West Virginia 1,808,344 1,852,994 44,650 2.5%

38 Nebraska 1,711,263 1,826,341 115,078 6.7%

39 Idaho 1,293,953 1,567,582 273,629 21.1%

40 Hawaii 1,211,537 1,360,301 148,764 12.3%

41 Maine 1,274,923 1,328,361 53,438 4.2%

42 New Hampshire 1,235,786 1,316,470 80,684 6.5%

43 Rhode Island 1,048,319 1,052,567 4,248 0.4%

44 Montana 902,195 989,415 87,220 9.7%

45 Delaware 783,600 897,934 114,334 14.6%

46 South Dakota 754,844 814,180 59,336 7.9%

47 Alaska 626,932 710,231 83,299 13.3%

48 North Dakota 642,200 672,591 30,391 4.7%

49 Vermont 608,827 625,741 16,914 2.8%

— District of Columbia 572,059 601,723 29,664 5.2%

50 Wyoming 493,782 563,626 69,844 14.1%