Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bab 8 Notes and Latihan Form 3 Ptsi
Bab 8 Notes and Latihan Form 3 Ptsi
Bab 8 Notes and Latihan Form 3 Ptsi
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) TUISYEN SINARAN INTENSIF I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
LEARNING REDEFINED
SAINS BAB 8 ( RADIOAKTIFAN / RADIOACTIVITY )
TINGKATAN 3
(K.THIPANRAJ)
Nama :______________________ Kumpulan :______
KERADIOAKTIFAN
RADIOACTIVITY
Keradioaktifan merupakan proses pereputan secara rawak dan spontan bagi nukleus yang
tidak stabil dengan memancarkan sinaran radioaktif untuk mencapai keadaan yang lebih
stabil.
Radioactivity is the process of random and spontaneous decomposition of an unstable
nucleus by emitting radioactive radiations to achieve a more stable condition.
Sinaran radioaktif
Radioactive radiations
Zarah alfa ( sinar alfa) Zarah beta ( sinar beta) Sinar gama,
Alpha particles ( alpha rays) Beta particles ( beta rays) Gamma rays
α β γ
1
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
Zarah alfa ( sinar alfa)
Alpha particles ( alpha rays)
α Products of decay
Alpha particle
Electron
Thorium Protactinium
Beta particle
Sinar gama,
Gamma rays
γ
Gamma ray
Kadar pereputan nukleus yang tidak stabil ( atau keaktifan dalam pereputan nukleus ) diukur
dalam unit keradioaktifan yang berikut:
The rate of decay ( or activity) of an unstable nucleus is measured in the following units of
radioactivity.
a. Unit S.I bagi keradioaktifan ialah becquerel (Bq)
S.I unit for radioactivity is Becquerel ( Bq)
1 Bq = 1 pereputan/s
1 Bq = 1 decay/s
3
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
4
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
𝟏
Separuh hayat, T 𝟐 ialah tempoh masa yang diambil untuk bilangan nukleus yang belum
mereput berkurang menjadi setengah daripada nilai asalnya.
𝟏
Half-life, T 𝟐 is the period of time taken for half of the total number of nuclei to decay.
Rajah menunjukkan bilangan nukleus yang belum mereput berkurang menjadi setengah
daripada nilai asalnya bagi setiap separuh hayat.
Diagram shows the number of nuclei to decay to half of its original number after each half-life.
1
Cobalt-60 decays to form Nickel-60 with half-life, T2 of 5 years.
Calculate the mass of Cobalt-60 after 20 years given its original mass is 16g.
5
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
Graf keaktifan melawan masa bagi bahan radioaktif Q adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam
rajah dibawah.
Graph of activity against time for radioactive substance Q is as shown in diagram below.
Activity (Bq)
Time (s)
Struktur Atom
Structure of the Atom
Struktur atom yang terdiri daripada tiga zarah subatom, iaitu proton, neutron, dan elektron
The structure of the atom is made up of three subatomic particles, namely proton, neutron
and electron.
negatively charged
particle neutral particle that
is not charged
Nucleus
positively charged
particle
6
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
Apabila sesuatu atom menderma atau menerima elektron, atom itu menjadi zarah bercas
yang dikenali sebagai ion.
When an atom gains or loses one or more electron, the atom becomes a charged particle
known as an ion.
Ion positif atau kation – atom yang menderma elektron membentuk ion positif yang dikenali
sebagai kation.
Positive ion or cation – an atom which loses one or more electrons forms a positive ion
known as a cation.
electron 1 electron lost by atom
7
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
Ion negatif atau anion – atom yang menerima elektron membentuk ion negatif yang dikenal
sebagai anion.
Negative ion or anion – an atom which gains one or more electrons forms a negative ion
known as anion.
electron 1 electron gained by atom
8
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
9
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
10
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
11
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
Suatu sinaran seperti sinaran radioaktif melintasi udara dan menghasilkan ion positif dan
ion negatif, sinaran ini dikenali sebagai sinaran mengion.
A radiation such as radioactive radiation passes through air and produces positive and
negative ions, it is known as ionising radiation.
α particle
α particle loses
Neutral air molecules Ionised air energy
Sinaran tidak mengion merupakan sinaran yang melintasi udara dan tidak menghasilkan
ion positif dan ion negatif. Sebagai contoh, cahaya nampak dan gelombang radio ialah
sinaran tidak mengion
Non-ionising radiation is a radiation which passes through the air and does not produce
positive ions and negative ions. For example, visible light and radio waves are non-ionising
radiations
Sifat semula jadi Nukleus helium Elektron yang berhalaju Electromagnetic wave
Natural characteristic Helium nucleus High speed electron Gelombang elektromagnet
Cas zarah Positif Negatif Neutral
Charge of particle Positive Negative
Kuasa pengionan Tinggi Sederhana Rendah
Ionising power High Moderate Low
Kuasa penembusan
Penetration power
radioactive source
Paper Lead
12
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
radioactive source
13
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
15.
a.Apakah maksud bahan radioaktif?
What is the meaning of radioactive substance
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1 markah / 1 mark)
235 235 4
92 U 92
Th + 2
He
Berdasarkan rajah, nyatakan nombor proton bagi :
Based on diagram, state the proton number of :
i. Thorium-231
______________________________________________________________
ii. Uranium-235
______________________________________________________________
(2 markah / 2 marks)
c.
14
CIKGU K.THIPAN RAJ (SAINS F3/B8) NOTA/LATIHAN I LOVE MY SIR AND SCIENCE
15