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Overview
Microbiology • Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes. In general, the emphasis is on
the individual person and how the person’s mental
and processes and behavior are affected by internal,
relational and social factors.
• This subject covers the science of
Parasitology microbiology and parasitology, microbial growth
and its controls. It further discusses the particular
microorganism causing infections and viral
diseases for human. Treatment as well as
prevention can also be as important part of the
subject matter.

Subject Lesson 1
Objective
At the end of this module, the students
are expected to: Microbiology
• Appreciate and develop special
and
knowledge about microorganisms,
parasites, bacteria and virus.
Microorganisms
• Identify their own characteristics as
well be identify fully.

Microbiology
• Study for micro organisms, their interactions
1.1. Science with other organisms and the environment.

of Microorganisms
Microbiology • It is a very small life forms and the
observation of it depends on the use of
microscope.
• Organisms that is microscopic, often
illustrated using single-cell or unicellular
organisms

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Parasitology
• Organisms that live on or within
another organisms (host) and
benefit from the association while
harming its host. Often, they obtain
nutrients from the host.
Microscope
• An instrument used to enlarge objects
and images. Microscope was invented
16th century.
• Contribution of Robert Hooke, the first to
observe invisible microbial world.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

• Made the first recorded
observation of bacteria.
•He thought the bacteria he
observed were little animals
because they moved therefore he
called them “animalcules”.
•These set the stage for the
development of the field of
microbiology.

Practical View of Biology Practical View of Biology

• Microbiological researches at • Health care workers heat individual
with diseases caused by
universal, governmental and microorganisms and try to prevent
Industrial laboratories carry out the spread of infections diseases.
studied that reveal the
fundamental nature of micro Vaccinations
organisms and the practical
application of that knowledge. •Is used to prevent many deadly
diseases.

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Antiseptics
• Are used to prelude microorganisms
to cure patients of infecting
microorganisms
Food Industries
•Mainly strict quality control to
preserve foods and protect against
the food borne spread of disease.
2. Also used as biological
control agents to replace
chemical particles
Example: Fungicides are often used
to prevent fungal diseases that
destroy crops.
Methods of studying
Microorganisms
•All Fields of sciences, including
microbiology rely on the scientific
method in which a scientist asked
a question, proposes experiments
to test the validity of that
hypothesis.
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1. Uses of Microorganisms
A. Bread- yeast are used for leavening
to cause the dough to rise.
B. Cheese- bacteria are used to
convert milk into various cheese.
C. Wine- yeasts are used to convert
grapes into this alcoholic beverage.
D. Beer- yeasts are used to convert
grains into this alcoholic beverage.
3. Used to degrade wastes
and pollutants
Example: Septic tanks, sewage treatment
plants, compost pits.
Use microorganisms to decompose
waste into products that can be
accommodated by the environment.
4. Used to bio remediate polluted
sites such as shorelines
contaminated by oil spills.
Methods of studying
Microorganisms
• Scientist used deductive reasoning-
(if-then) thinking and test their
predictions by conducting
experiments.
• Controlled experiment serves as
reference, designed to yield
unambiguous answers regarding
whether a hypothesis is correct or
incorrect.
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Methods of studying
Microorganisms
• The result of experiments must be
repeatable, and interpretations of
experimental results become
accepted only after they have been
critically evaluated.
• The struggle to disapprove the
theory of spontaneous generation
represents a good example of the
scientific method of work.
Exbiota
•Much thought has given to
sterilization of spacecraft likely to
land on the moon or planets if as
not contaminate then with
microorganisms from earth.
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Methods of studying
Microorganisms
• Louis Pasture’s experiments with swan-
neck flasks provided he final reputation of
the theory of spontaneous generation.
Exbiota
• Called to extraterrestrial microorganisms.
Life with Microorganisms
• J.A. Reyniers (1928) – built the first
isolator, a germ-free apparatus in
which microorganisms can be hold
and raised.
• UNIVERSAL OF NOTRE DAME(1939)-
first symposium on microsurgery and
germ-free method was held.