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Cell Metabolism

•It is the totality of all the chemical

2.2. Cell reaction that a cell carries out.
Through this process, cells bring
Metabolism out chemical changes through
which they obtain energy and
materials for growth and
reproduction.

Cell Metabolism Rules of Enzymes

•Energy is required for living things •Cellular metabolism is based on
to sustain life processes. chemical reaction.

•Cells can store energy or use it for •Catalyzed by enzymes.

the synthesis of new molecules by
controlling the central chemical in
•Enzymes increase the rates of a
the energy transformation of cell reaction by more than a
cellular metabolism million times.

1. Sterilization

Physical agents of •Total destruction of all forms

Destruction
A of microorganisms
A

(Microorganisms) •This is an absolute term; there

are no “range” or “degree” of
sterility.

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2. Cold temperature 3. Drying

•Effectiveness of drying in killing
• Neither cold nor freezing is a reliable organisms depend on many
of killing bacteria;
• Low temperature A do slow bacterial factors or variables to be
considered:
A
growth, temporarily preventing the
ability to multiply rapidly and product a. Kind of organisms
toxins. b. Number of cells to be killed
• Cold can’t be used to cure diseases,
nut it can helps reduce the c. Thickness of articles to be sterilized
possibility of a disease advancing to d. Temperature used
a critical stage. e. Presence or absence of O ₂

Physical agents of Destruction

(Microorganisms) Lyophilization

Purpose of Drying: A process of preserving by

a. It does serveA its purpose by being frozen andA then dried in a
killing most of the active forms vacuum such as biological
of bacteria preparations including antibiotics,
serum, toxins and pure culture of
b. Preserving milk, fruits and microorganisms as well as certain
cereals foods.

Precautionary Measures
4. Radiation
included:
• Damp- dusting furniture
•Wet- mapping floors A direct sunlight has a
•Proper disposal A
of dressing, powerful germicidal
A
or destructive
otherwise the dried microbes can effect on microorganisms living on
easily be spread throughout the the surface of the skin and
environment. clothing.

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4. Radiation 5. Heat
Sunlight compose of 3 rays: • High temperatures are more destructive than
low temperature. “the longer the time, the more
a. Long impaired (heat rays) effective it will be in killing bacteria”
b. Visible Rays A
Thermal death point/
A

c. Short ultraviolet (UV)

UV lamp- effect if too much Thermal death time
exposure:
- if exposed to eyes or Called to the time and temperature
skin can result to serious burn/ skin combination required to kill a particular
cancer organism under laboratory condition.

Chemical Agents of Important terms to

Destruction remember:
A. DISINFECTION • Louis Pasture – “Father of bacteriology
and immunology”
1. Antiseptic • Autoclave – steam under pressure
Ex: boric acid, mild
A
antiseptic, mouth A
• Amphitrichous – “bi-polar flagella cell”
wash • Staphylococcus – “cocci in cluster”
2. Disinfectant • Baccili – rod or comma shape bacteria cell
Ex: domex, Lysol, muriatic acid • Canophiles – organism that require
increase CO₂ tension.

Important terms to Important terms to

remember: remember:
• Psychrophilic – cold loving • Joseph Lister – introduces
bacteria antiseptic surgery
• Anaerobes – organisms
A
that live in A

• Germ Theory of Fermentation–

the absence of O₂ “Life comes from life”
• Mesosomes – division septa • Antitoxin – neutralized toxins
• Shicks – diphtheria testing • Antigens – also known as
• Oral Polio Vaccine – sabin pathogens