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Lesson 5
Infectious
Diseases
Viral Diseases of
Gastrointestinal Tract
•H A V ( h e p a t i t i s A v i r u s ) –
transmitted from fecal and oral
• HBV (1980)- toothbrush, razor
• HCV – Therapy through interfirm
Yellow Fever
• Spread by mosquitoes, 3-16 days
(incubation period)
Mumps
- Disease caused by saliva.
• Common childhood diseases
• Can be prevented by vaccination
MMR (mokes mumps rubeola)
Viral Diseases of Respiratory
Tract
• Cold and Fever
• Example: sneeze, coughing, head
ache, malaise, sore throat, and
fever
•I n f l u e n z a – m e m b e r o f
orthomyxovirus, refers to as FLU
VIRUS
Hepatitis
• An inflammation of the liver caused
by liver caused by virus, bacteria
infectious exposure to alcohol, drug
or toxic, chemical such as found in
aerosol sprays and paint thinner.
Viral Disease of central
nervous system- Polio
FORMS OF RABIES
• Furious
• Dumb
Dengue
Virus illness transmitted by
m o s q u i t o ; a e d e s a eg y p t u s a n d
aedes albopictus
• Break bone fever or joint ache
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Warts
Epidermal tumor of the skin caused
by papillomaviruses.
KIND OF WARTS
1. Plantar
2. Verrucae vulgaris
3. Flat/Plain
4. Anogenital candylomate
(venereal warts)
Viral disease of the Skin
a. Small pox – can be prevented by
childhood vaccination (variola
virus)
b. M e a s l e s – ( r u b e o l a )
paramyxovirus
c. German measl e s – p reg n a n t
congenital rubella syndrome
d. Chicken pox and shingles – also
called as herpes zoster
Bacteria
2. Salmonellosis – caused by
salmonella enteritis
• Once have, don’t have
antiporters for it will just move
aggravate (from poultry animal)
• Can penetrate egg shells (the
salmonella)
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Viral disease of the eyes
E p i d e m i c Ke rat o c o n j u n c t i v i t i s
(Shipyard eyes)
Conjunctivitis – inflammation of the
mucous membrane or conjunctivae
How can be removed?
INJECTION
Bacteria
DDD - dirt, disease, death
Virulence - ability of bacteria to
e s t abl i s h e d i n j e c t i o n a n d e a s e
human disease
1. Staphylococcal aureus – common
cause of food poisoning.
Neurotoxin – part of the brain
that control enormity.
Bacteria
3. Shigellosis – dysentery (from
amoeba and bacteria)
• Caused by: S.flexneri, S. sonel, S.
Dysenteriae
•C a n u s e d a n t i b i o t i c l i k e
t e t r a c y c l i c, a m p i c i l l i n a n d
niladixic acid
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Bacteria Bacteria
4 . C a m py l o b a c t e r Fe t u s Va r. 5. Travelers Diarrhea – bacteria
Jejuni – (from infants) involve in Escherichia coli

• Symptoms : Abdomi nal pai n, •M i c r o b i o t a – m a d e o f

bloody stool and diarrhea consumption of food in stomach
• Treatment : erythromycin and • Montezuma’s Revenge – cultural
tetracyclic name

Bacteria Bacteria
6. Vibrio Parahaemolyticus 9. Clostridium Perfringes
Gastroenteritis (from sea food raw) Gastroenteritis

7 . C h o l e ra – b a c t e r i a i n V i b r i o 10. Appendicitis – peritonitis and

Cholerae
systemic bacteremia
• Rice, water, and stool that comes
out
11. Ulcer – helicobacter pylori eat the
8. Yersiniosis – can be overlook as mucuos living
appendicitis • Invade HCJ or pepsin which cause
abdominal pain

Bacterial Diseases in
Respiratory Diseases Central Nervous System
1. Laryngitis Nervous – goes through respiratory
then circulatory
2. TB
3. Lung Cancer Tetanus – generated from farmers (or
4. Emphysema lockjaw) 
• Clostridium tetani
5. R D S ( Re s p i rat o r y d i s t re s s
syndrome) Botulism – from sausage that’s why
called botulus

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Bacteria Diseases of
Kinds Lymphatic Disease
a. Infant botulism – in US, honey Plague – infectious disease of
can cause botulin h u m a n a n d a n i m a l c a u s e d by
bacterium (Yersinia pestis)
b. Wound botulism
Black Death: bubonic plague

c. Brain abcess Tularemia – also known as “rabbit

fever”

Bacteria Diseases of Bacterial Disease of

Urinary Tract Genital Tract
Zoonosis – animal disease that can
transfer to human.
– communicable disease, VENERAL DISEASE - from
transmitted from a non-human animal Roman Goddess of Love,
to a human. Venus which mean disease of
a. Urethritis and cystitis love.
b. Pyelonephritis •Present name is STD
c. Leptospirosis or well disease –
disease of non human animals like
rodent and dogs

Bacterial Diseases of the Bacterial Diseases of the

skin ear
1. Anthrax • Otitis Externa
2. Scarlet fever
3. Acne – occurs when microbial • Otitis Media
invasion at the base of hair
follicle
4. Leprosy – “Hansen Disease”
occurs with excessive secretion
of sebaceous glands

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Preserve Biodiversity – one of the
p ro mu l gat e d i s ( i n t e r n at i o n a l
organization) like World Health
Fund and World Fund
Collection/Gene banks- called to this
collector
Benefits of Processing
Gene
• Essential resource to replenish
genetic diversity of crops
• Enable plant breeder to strength
their study against diseases and
changing climate condition.
Treatment for safety
supply of water
• Sedimentation – water held from
sufficient period of time to permit
large
• Filtration – passage through sand
filter beds
• Chlorinatiation
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Conservation of Genetic
Diversity
1. C o l l e c t a n d p r e s e r v e
endangered organisms (DNA)
2. C o l l e c t a n d p r e s e r v e
endangered organisms (RNA)
3. Collect and preserve molecules
that contains gene.
Treatment of Liquid
Waste
1. 1⁰ - Rely on physical separation
p ro d u c e rs t o l o we r ox yge n
demand
2. 2 ⁰ - R e l y o n m i c r o b i a l
biodegradation to further reduce
t h e c o n c e n t rat i o n o f o rga n i c
compound in effluent
3. 3⁰ - Used compound chemical
m e t h o d t o re m o v e i n o rga n i c
compound
Coliforms
• Bacteria made up of approximately
10% of intestinal microorganisms of
human and other animals and have
found widespread use as individual
organisms.
Polymorphic Virus
• Virus that changes its appearance
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Viroids Kinds of Heat

• Serious disease of plants
Prions
• Called to viroid's if transferred to
body protein infectious particles
1. Moist Heat – like hot water and
boiling water
2. Dry Heat – like flame, electric
heat and coil

Sources of Infectious Sources of Infectious

Disease Disease

1. I n a n i m a t e r e s e r v o i r – 3. Asymptomatic- individual not be

vegetables and minerals s y m p t o m at i c t o s h o w a s a
resource
2. Intraspecific – sick individual 4. Zoonotic- animal reservoir

Portal Entry
FORMITES- inanimate object
1.Mucous membrane like clothing, bedding toys,
eating and cooking utensils and
2.Skin
money.
3.Parenteral
PATHOGENS- disease causing
microorganisms
EPEDEMIC- in incidents and
death ratios are high

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ENDEMIC- in number of cases
remain constant
PANDEMIC- initial outbreak of
disease
EDUARD JENNIER- discovered
the effectiveness of vaccination
in preventing small fox
VENEREAL DISEASE-
previously these disease were
called venereal disease (from
Roman Goddess of Love,
VENUS) which means disease
of love. Since this diseases have
more to do with sexual contact
than love, the name has been
change to STD.
Several sexually transmitted
diseases, such as syphilis
herpes simplex and chancroid,
cause lesions in tissue that
facilitate the transmission of
other sexually transmitted
disease especially AIDS.
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IMMUNIZATION- medical
process of intentional exposure
to antigens
ATTENUATED- means to
weakened the virulence
The physiological properties of
the pathogens causing STD
restrict their transmission for
the most part to direct physical
contact because of the
etrologic agents of sexually
transmitted disease have very
limited natural survival times
outside infected tissues.
GONORRHEA
-sexually transmitted disease
caused by Gram-negative,
kideney bean-shaped
diplococcus, Neisseria
gonorrheal, often referred to as
gonnocus 
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MEN: gonorrhea results in a WOMEN: infection N. Gonorrhea

characteristics painful purulent
urethral discharge.
SYMPTOMS: usually apparent
less than 1 week after infection.
If the disease is integral,
obstruction due to scarring of
tubes through which sperm
move may produce sterility.
can cause various symptoms
such as pain and swelling due to
inflammation, vaginal
discharges and abnormal
menstrual bleeding. N.
Gonorrhea may spread,
however to other parts of the
female genital tract including
the cervix and uterus.

BIOPSY- removal of sample of Chemical Disinfectant

tissue from the body to be
examined under microscope. Only
way that doctor can be absolutely • Use of Chemical Agent to inhibit
certain if cancerous or not. gro w t h o f p at h o ge n e i t h e r
PATHOLOGIST- physician who temporary or permanent.
specializes in tissue analysis. Can
then see what type of cell is
causing the growth (under
biopsy)

Disease Causing Bacteria

• Anthrax Bacillus anthracis
• Botulism Clostridium botulinum
• Cholera Vibrio cholerae
• Diptheria Corynebacterium
diptheriae
• Dysentery Shigella
• Gangrene Clostridium perfringens
• Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhveae
• Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae
• Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans