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হিমু একাডেমী
Model Test-07
Solution PGCB & BTCL Special Model Test-07

1. State Shannon’s theorem. In a Communication channel signal to noise ratio is

8dB and channel BW 4.5 KHz. Find channel Capacity. BAPEX-2016

Solution:

Shannon’s theorem states that the error free transmission is possible as long as the
transmitter does not exceed the channel Capacity.
𝑆
∴ Channel Capacity C= B log 2 (1+ )
𝑁

Given that,

Bandwidth (BW) = 4.5 KHz.

S
Signal to Noise Ratio =8dB
N
8
𝑆
∴10log 10 =8=10 =10.08 =6.309
10
𝑁

𝑆
∴ =6.309
𝑁

We know that,
𝑆
∴ Channel Capacity C= BW log 2 (1+ )
𝑁

⇒C= 4.5× log 2 (1+6.309)

∴ 𝐶=12.91 Kbps

2. In PCM total number of quantization level is 256 and their highest frequency 4
KHz. The sampling frequency is 12.5% of Nyquist frequency. Find out Bit Rate.
PGCB-2018

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Solution:

Given that,
L= 256= 28 =2𝑛 , so number of bits n=8
Message signal 𝑓𝑚 =4 KHz
∴Nyquist Sampling rate 𝑓𝑛𝑞 = 2𝑓𝑚 =2× 4 =8 KHz
So the actual frequency 𝑓𝑠1 =8+ (0.125× 8) =9 KHz
∴ BW for every channel 𝑅𝑏 = n𝑓𝑠1 = 8×9 = 72 Kbps
3. A television signal (Video and audio) has a BW of 4.5MHz. This signal is
sampled quantized and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal. (a) Find out the
sampling rate if the signal is to be sampled 20% above the Nyquist rate (b) If the
samples are quantized into 1024 levels, determine the minimum BW required to
transmit the signal. PGCB-2011, Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corp.-
2017, Bangladesh Bank (AD-Electrical)-2018 (11/05/18)

Solution:
Given that,
Frequency of message signal 𝑓𝑚 =4.5MHz
(a) ∴ Nyquist frequency 𝑓𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑠𝑡 =2𝑓𝑚 =2× 4.5 = 9𝑀𝐻𝑧

∴ Sampling frequency 𝑓𝑠 =1.2× 9 = 10.8𝑀𝐻𝑧

(b) L=1024= 210 = 2𝑛

n=10

So, BW for every channel 𝑅𝑏=𝑛 𝑓𝑠 =10× 10.8 = 108 𝑏𝑖𝑡/𝑠 [ref: 6.2, B.P Lathi]
108
∴ Minumum BW required to transmit the signal = = 54𝐻𝑧
2

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4. The SCADA system 24 panels, 24 sub-stations for simultaneous monitoring. The

data processing center over wires and sampled, quantized, binary monitoring
station. The signal Bandwidth (BW) is 200 KHz. The maximum acceptance
error is 0.2% of the peak signal amplitude. The sampling rate must be at least
twice the Nyquist rate. Determine the time division Multiplexed signal bit rate.
PDB-2018 (20.07.18)

Solution:

Given that,

Frequency of message signal 𝑓𝑚 =200 KHz

We know that,
Nyquist Sampling rate 𝑓𝑛𝑞 =2×200 = 400 KHz

Sampling Frequency 𝑓𝑠 = 2× 400 = 800 𝐾𝐻𝑧

∆𝑉
So, the quantization step is ∆V and the maximum quantization error is± .
2

We know that,
2𝑚𝑝 ∆ 𝑚𝑝
∆= ,⇒ =
𝐿 2 𝐿
∆ 0.2𝑚𝑝 𝑚𝑝 0.2𝑚𝑝 1 .2
We know that, Maximum acceptance error = ,⇒ = , ⇒ = ,
2 100 𝐿 100 𝐿 100
100
⇒L= =500
0.2

For binary coding, L must be a power of 2. Hence the next weight value of L that
is a power of 2.
L=512= 29 = 2𝑛
n=9

∴ BW for every channel (bit rate) 𝑅𝑏=𝑛 𝑓𝑠 =800× 9 = 7200 𝐾𝐻𝑧 [ref: 6.2, B.P
Lathi]

∴The minimum transmission BW required for 24 signals = 24×7200 = 172800

KHz

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05. For an RLC series circuit R=1000 ῼ L=100 mH, C=10µµF. Find (a) resonance
frequency (b) Q-factor (c) half power points.WZPDCL- 2019 (Date: 28/06/19),
KUET

Solution:
Given that,
R=1000 ῼ, L=100mH, C=10µµF
(a) We know that,
1
Resonance frequencyfr =
2 π√LC
1
∴ 𝑓𝑟 = =159.15 Hz.
2 pai√100×10−3 ×10×10−16
𝑓𝑟
(b) We know that, Quality factor, Q=
BW
1 L 1 100×10−3
Q= √ = √ =0.1
R C 1000 10×10−6
𝑓𝑟
(c) Again, We know Quality factor, Q=
BW
159.15
So, BW= =1591.5 Hz
0.1
𝐵𝑊
We also know, f=𝑓𝑟 +
2
BW 159.5
f1 = fr + = 159.15 + =954.9 Hz
2 2
BW
f2 = fr − =-636.6 Hz.
2

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