8051 Chap5 Serial PDF

ĐH Bách Khoa TP.
HCM Lê Chí Thông
The 8051 Microcontroller

Chapter 5
Serial Port Operation
Lê Chí Thông
chithong@hcmut.edu.vn
sites.google.com/site/chithong
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller
Serial Port
• RXD (P3.0) and TXD (P3.1) pins
• Full Duplex: simultaneous transmission and reception
• 2 special function registers: SCON and SBUF
• SCON: status bits and control bits
• SBUF: same address but 2 buffers; 1 buffer for
transmission and 1 buffer for reception
• Baud rate (serial port frequency of operation) is
supplied and programmed by Timer1
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 2
sites.google.com/site/chithong 1
ĐH Bách Khoa TP.HCM Lê Chí Thông
Serial port block diagram
P→
→S buffer S→
→P buffer
Writing to SBUF loads data to be transmitted

Reading SBUF accesses received data
SCON Register
SCON Register
Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

• RXD is used for both data input and output
• Serial data enter and exit (LSB first) through RXD
• TXD line serves as the clock
• TXD outputs the shift clock
• Baud rate = 1/12 fOSC

• Transmission is initiated by instruction that writes
data to SBUF (eg. MOV SBUF,A)

• Reception is initiated when REN is 1 and RI is 0
• Set REN at the beginning of a program
• Clear RI to begin a data input operation

• One application of shift register mode is to expand the
out capability of the 8051
• A serial-to-parallel shift register IC can be
connected to the 8051 TXD and RXD lines to
provide an extra output lines
Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

• UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
• A data frame includes a start bit (low), data bits,
and a stop bit (high).
• A parity bit is sometimes inserted between the last
data bit and the stop bit.
• Mode 1: 10 bits are transmitted on TXD or received on
RXD, including a start bit (0), 8 data bits (LSB first),
and a stop bit (1).
• The stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON.
• Baud rate is set by the Timer 1 overflow rate.

• Transmission is initiated by writing to SBUF.
• TI is set at the end of character transmission and
indicates “transmit buffer empty”.
WAIT:JNB TI,WAIT ;Check TI until set
CLR TI ;Clear TI
MOV SBUF,A ;Send character
stop
synchronization event

• Reception is initiated by a 1-to-0 transition on RXD.
1. The stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON.
2. SBUF is loaded with 8 data bits.
3. RI is set at the end of character reception and
indicates “receiver buffer full”.
• Conditions for reception:
1. RI=0, and
2. SM2=0, or SM2=1 and the received stop bit = 1
WAIT:JNB RI,WAIT ;Check RI until set
CLR RI ;Clear RI
MOV A,SBUF ;Read character
Serial Port Baud Rates
1MHz (12 MHz crystal)
375K/187.5K (12 MHz crystal)
To set SMOD:
MOV A,PCON
SETB ACC.7
Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông MOV PCON,A 13
Using Timer 1 as the Baud Rate Clock

• Usually use Timer 1 Mode 2 to provide baud rate clock
• Baud Rate = Timer 1 overflow rate / 32 (SMOD=0)
• Baud Rate = Timer 1 overflow rate / 16 (SMOD=1)
• Eg. Calculate Timer 1 overflow rate to provide 1200
baud operation (12 MHz crystal)
• fOSC = 12 MHz fCLK = 1 MHz TCLK = 1 μs
• Assume SMOD=0: Timer 1 overflow rate = 1200 x
32 = 38.4 KHz Toverflow = 1/38.4 kHz = 26.04 μs
• An overflow requires Toverflow/TCLK ≈ 26 clocks
The reload value for Timer 1 is -26
Error in Baud Rate

• Due to rounding, there is a slight error. Generally, a 5%
error is tolerable.
• Exact baud rates are possible using an 11.0592 MHz
crystal.
• Eg. Calculate Timer 1 overflow rate to provide 1200
baud operation (11.0592 MHz crystal)
• fOSC = 11.0592 MHz TCLK = 12/11.0592 μs
• Assume SMOD=0: Timer 1 overflow rate = 1200 x
32 = 38.4 KHz Toverflow = 1/0.0384 [μs]
• An overflow requires Toverflow/TCLK = 24 clocks
The initial value for Timer 1 is -24
Baud Rate Summary
Initialize the Serial Port

ORG 0000H
MOV SCON,#01010010B ;Serial port mode 1
MOV TMOD,#00100000B ;Timer 1 mode 2
MOV TH1,#-26 ;reload count for 1200 baud
SETB TR1 ;start Timer 1
…
Initialize the Serial Port (SMOD=1)

ORG 0000H
MOV A,PCON
SETB ACC.7 ;SMOD=1
MOV PCON,A
…
Example 1: Transmission
Assume a 10-byte string of data is stored in the internal RAM from the location 30H.
Write a program that sends this string to the 8051 serial port (1200 baud, crystal
11.0592 MHz)
ORG 0000H
MOV R2,#10 ;number of loops
MOV R0,#30H ;starting address
LOOP: MOV A,@R0 ;get data
ACALL SEND ;send data
INC R0 ;increase pointer
DJNZ R2,LOOP ;loop 10 times
SJMP DONE
SEND: JNB TI,$ ;transmit buffer empty? No:check again
CLR TI ;yes: clear flag and
MOV SBUF,A ; send data
RET ;return
DONE: NOP
END
Your Turn!
Assume that a string of data is stored in internal RAM at address
30H to 50H. Write a program that sends this string to serial port
using UART 8-bit, 2400 baud, 11.059-MHz crystal.
Solution
Assume that a string of data is stored in internal RAM at address
30H to 50H. Write a program that sends this string to serial port
using UART 8-bit, 2400 baud, 11.059-MHz crystal.
ORG 0000H
MOV SCON,#01010010B
MOV TMOD,#00100000B
MOV TH1,#-12
SETB TR1
MOV R0,#30H
LOOP: MOV A,@R0
ACALL SEND
INC R0
CJNE R0,#51H,LOOP
SJMP DONE
SEND: JNB TI,$
CLR TI
MOV SBUF,A
RET
DONE: NOP
END
Example 2: Reception
Write a program that receives a 20-byte string from the 8051 serial port (2400 baud,
crystal 11.0592 MHz) and then stores in the internal RAM from the location 40H.
ORG 0000H
LOOP: ACALL RECEIVE ;receive data
MOV @R0,A ;store data
SJMP DONE
RECEIVE:
JNB RI,$ ;receive buffer full? No: check again
CLR RI ;yes: clear flag and
MOV A,SBUF ; receive data
RET ;return
DONE: NOP
END
Your Turn!
Write a program that receives a 20-byte string from serial port using
UART 8-bit, 4800 baud, 11.059-MHz crystal, and then writes data to
internal RAM from address 40H
Problem 1
Problem 2
Mode 2: 9-Bit UART with Fixed Baud Rate

• Mode 2: 11 bits are transmitted on TXD or received on
RXD, including a start bit (0), 9 data bits (LSB first),
and a stop bit (1).
• On transmission, the 9th bit is whatever has been
put in TB8 in SCON.
• On reception, the 9th bit received is placed in RB8
in SCON.
• Baud rate is either fOSC/64 (SMOD=0)
or fOSC/32 (SMOD=1)

• 9-bit UART: same as mode 2
• Variable baud rate: same as mode 1
Adding a Parity Bit

• A common use for the 9th bit is to add parity to a
character.
• The P bit in PSW register is set or cleared to establish
even parity with 8 bits in A register.
• Eg. Put even parity bit in TB8, which becomes the 9th
data bit to be transmitted:
MOV C,P ;put even parity bit in C flag
MOV TB8,C ;and move to the 9th data bit
MOV SBUF,A;move from A to SBUF to transmit
Adding a Parity Bit

• Eg. Put odd parity bit in TB8, which becomes the 9th
data bit to be transmitted:
CPL C ;convert to odd parity
MOV SBUF,A;move from A to SBUF to transmit
Example 3
Assume a 10-byte string of 8-bit ASCII codes is stored in internal RAM from the
location 30H. Write a program that transmits this string out the 8051 serial port (4800
baud, crystal 11.0592 MHz) with odd parity added as the 9th bit
Example 3
ORG 0000H
MOV SCON,#11010010B ;Serial port mode 3 (9-bit)
SJMP DONE
SEND: JNB TI,$ ;check TI empty? No: check again
MOV SBUF,A ; send data
RET ;return
DONE: NOP
END
Example 4
Assume a 10-byte string of 7-bit ASCII codes is stored in internal RAM from the
location 30H. Write a program that transmits this string out the 8051 serial port (4800
baud, crystal 11.0592 MHz) with odd parity added as the 8th bit
ORG 0000H
MOV SCON,#01010010B ;Serial port mode 1 (8-bit)
CLR ACC.7 ;clear the 8th bit of A
MOV ACC.7,C ;and move to the 8th bit of A
SEND: JNB TI,$ ;check TI empty? No: check again
MOV A,SBUF ; send data
RET ;return
END
Multiprocessor Communications
• When SM2=1, reception is done only if RB8=1.
• The master first sends out an address byte that has 1 in the 9th
bit. So all slave can receive the address byte and examine it to
test if it is being addressed.
• The addressed slave will clear its SM2 bit and prepare to receive
the data bytes that follow. The 9th bit in data byte is 0.
• The slaves that were not addressed leave their SM2 bits set and
ignore the incoming data bytes
References
• I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller

• Các tài liệu trên Internet không trích dẫn hoặc không ghi tác
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ĐH Bách Khoa TP.

HCM Lê Chí Thông

The 8051 Microcontroller

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 2

Serial port block diagram

Writing to SBUF loads data to be transmitted

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 4

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 5

Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 6

Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 7

Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 8

Mode 0: 8-Bit Shift Register

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 9

Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 10

Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

Mode 1: 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

Serial Port Baud Rates

1MHz (12 MHz crystal)

375K/187.5K (12 MHz crystal)

Using Timer 1 as the Baud Rate Clock

Error in Baud Rate

Baud Rate Summary

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 16

Initialize the Serial Port

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 17

Initialize the Serial Port (SMOD=1)

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 18

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 20

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 23

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 24

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 25

Mode 2: 9-Bit UART with Fixed Baud Rate

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 26

Mode 3: 9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 27

Adding a Parity Bit

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 28

Adding a Parity Bit

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 29

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 30

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 33

• I. Scott Mackenzie, The 8051 Microcontroller

Ref. I. Scott Mackenzie Lê Chí Thông 34

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