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Example (8.1) :: 1-Select A Representative 1 M Wide Slab Strip
Example (8.1) :: 1-Select A Representative 1 M Wide Slab Strip
Example (8.1) :: 1-Select A Representative 1 M Wide Slab Strip
1):
Using the ACI Code approximate structural analysis, design for a warehouse, a
continuous one-way solid slab supported on beams 4.0 m apart as shown in Figure
1. Assume that the beam webs are 30 cm wide. The dead load is 300 kg/m2 in
addition to own weight of the slab, and the live load is 300 kg/m2. Use
f c′ = 250 kg / cm 2 , f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 .
Solution:
1- Select a representative 1 m wide slab strip:
The selected representative strip is shown in Figure 1.
Vu max =
1.15
wu l n =
1.15
(1.35 )(3.70 ) = 2.87 ton
2 2
Φ Vc = 0.75 (0.53 ) 250 (100 )(14.40 ) / 1000 = 9.05 ton > 2.87 tons O.K .
(a)
(b)
Figure 3: (a) Section A-A; (b) reinforcement details
Example (8.2):
Design the slab shown in Example (8.1) using any available structural analysis
software.
Solution:
1- Select a representative 1 m wide slab strip:
The selected representative strip is shown in Figure 1.
2- elect slab thickness:
Same as in Example (8.1), the thickness is taken as 17 cm.
3- Calculate the factored load wu per unit length of the selected strip:
For a strip 1 m wide, wu = 1.35 ton / m
4- Evaluate the maximum factored shear forces and bending moments in the
strip:
Shear force and bending moment diagrams are shown in Figure 4.
Φ Vc = 0.75 (0.53) 250 (100 )(14.40 ) / 1000 = 9.05 ton > 3.27 tons O .K .
For M u = − 1.87 t .m
For M u = − 1.66 t .m
For M u = 1.68 t .m
For M u = 0.93 t .m
For M u = 0.74 t .m
As < As ,min
As = 0.0018 (100)(17.0 )= 3.06 cm2 /m, use φ 10 mm @ 25 cm.
Example (8.3):
Design a one-way ribbed slab to cover a 4 m × 10 m panel, shown in Figure 6. The
covering materials weigh 150 kg/m2, concrete hollow blocks are 40 cm × 25 cm ×
20 cm in dimension, each 20 kg in weight, equivalent partition load is equal to 75
kg/m2, and the live load is 200 kg/m2. Use f c′ = 250 kg / cm 2 , f y = 4200 kg / cm2 ,
Solution:
Figure 6: Ribbed slab
1. The direction of ribs is chosen:
Ribs are arranged in the short direction as shown in Figure 6.
2. The overall slab thickness h is determined:
Minimum slab thickness, hmin = 400 / 16 = 25 cm
Topping slab thickness = 25 – 20 = 5 cm
Let width of web be equal to 10 cm
Design of topping slab:
3 (0.011) (10)
5
3 Mu
t= = = 1.52 cm < 5 cm
Φ b fc′ 0.9 (100 ) 250
wu / m = 1.10 t/m
1.1 Φ Vc = 1.1 (0.75 )(0.53) 250 (10 )(21.8 ) / 1000 = 1.51 ton > 1.10 t
Though shear reinforcement is not required, 4 φ 6 mm U-stirrups per meter run are
to be used to carry the bottom flexural reinforcement.
6. Design flexural reinforcement:
Since the maximum factored moment creates compression in the flange, the section
of maximum positive moment is to be designed as a T-section, shown in Figure 8.
Assuming that a < 5 cm, compressive force in concrete is
C = 0.85 ( f c′ ) (be ) (a )
M u = Φ M n = Φ (C ) (d − a / 2)
a 2 − 43.6 a + 23.06 = 0
(a)
(b)
Figure 9: (a) Reinforcement on plan; (b) Reinforcement details at section
A-A
Loads on main beam:
The load on the main beams which run perpendicular to the ribs include:
a. Load from the slab = (4/2)(1.10) = 2.20 t/m
b. Weight of partition loads applied directly on the beam, if any.
c. Part of the beam own weight is not included in slab design calculations
(projection above or below the slab).
Notice that loads in (b) and (c) need to be factorized by multiplying each of them by
a factor of 1.2.
Example (8.4):
Design the ribbed slab shown in Figure 10. The covering materials weigh 200
kg/m2, concrete hollow blocks are 40 cm × 25 cm × 17 cm in dimension, each 17 kg
in weight, and the live load is 350 kg/m2. Use f c′ = 300 kg / cm 2 ,
f y = 4200 kg / cm 2 , and γ plaster = 2100 kg / m3 .
Solution:
1- The direction of ribs is chosen:
Ribs are arranged in the short direction as shown in Figure 10.
The overall slab thickness h is determined:
hmin = 400 / 18.5 = 21.62 cm , for one end continuous panels
hmin = 150 / 8 = 18.75 cm , for cantilevered panels
Use an overall slab thickness of 22.0 cm.
Topping slab thickness = 22 – 17 = 5 cm
Let width of web be equal to 10 cm
Area of shrinkage reinforcement As = 0.0018 (100 ) (5) = 0.9 cm 2 / m
Use 4 φ 6 mm / m in both directions.
2- The factored load on each of the ribs is to be computed:
Factored load per rib is shown below supported by Figure 11.
1.1 Φ Vc = 1.1 (0.75 )(0.53) 300 (10 )(18.8 ) / 1000 = 1.42 ton
Since critical shear section can be taken at distance d from faces of beam, the rib
shear resistance will be considered adequate and the assumed web width will be
kept unchanged.
Though shear reinforcement is not required, 4 φ 6 mm U-stirrups per meter run are
to be used to carry the bottom flexural reinforcement.
5- Design flexural reinforcement:
a. Positive moment reinforcement:
Since factored positive moments create compression in the flange, the sections at
their corresponding locations are to be designed as T-sections.
Since the positive moment values are relatively small, the largest of the three
values will be considered here and same reinforcement will be used at the two
other locations.
Figure 13: Section at maximum positive moment
Assuming that a < 5 cm, compressive force in concrete, shown in Figure 13, is
given by
C = 0.85 ( f c′ ) (be ) (a )
a 2 − 37.6 a + 13.94 = 0
Solving this equation gives a = 0.375 cm, which means that the assumption made
before is valid and the other root is too large to be considered.
From equilibrium, C = T
Area of flexural reinforcement
12.75 (0.375 ) ( 1000 )
As = = 1.14 cm2
4200
Use 2 φ 10 mm , one is straight and the other is bent-up in each rib at its bottom
side.
b. Negative moment reinforcement:
Since factored negative moments create compression in the web, the sections at
their corresponding locations are to be designed as rectangular sections.
For M u = − 1.07 t .m
1 φ 10 mm + 1 φ 12 mm per rib.
For M u = − 0.83 t .m
0.85 (300 ) 2.353 × 10 5 (0.83)
ρ = 1− 1− = 0.0066
4200
0.9 (10 )(18.8 )2 (300 )
For M u = − 0.72 t .m
(a)
(b)
Figure 14: (a) Slab reinforcement; (b) sect ion A-A