“YEAR OF HEALTH CARE UNIVERSALIZATION”

“The life
of Nikola Tesla”

By: Robles Castro Gianmarco

INTERMEDIATE VI

SCHEDULE: Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays from 6:00pm-10:00pm

TEACHER: Katherine Arcila Preciado

March-2020
 Table of contents

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................I

Introduction..................................................................................................II

Tesla History.................................................................................................3

1. Birth and childhood............................................................................3

2. Study and Development of the A.C...................................................4

3. Tesla meets Edison...........................................................................6

4. The Tesla Electric Company.............................................................7

5. Edison campaign against Tesla........................................................9

6. Death of Nikola Tesla......................................................................10

Conclusions................................................................................................12

Bibliography................................................................................. 13
 Acknowledgments

I want to thank first of all my parents who were the ones who gave
me the financial support to achieve this dream, to thank my family
who supported me morally giving me the moral and psychological
support, finally I want to thank all my teachers and those who
taught me in all this level, since I would not be here without them.

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 Introduction

In this document we will talk about the life of a man who all the problems he
had at home and at school were not an impediment to achieve his dreams
and be known worldwide for his development and his work with the
alternating current which until now we use, had problems with other well-
known cinematic characters and ended up winning based on their
knowledge

I will talk about an inventor, who had many problems, but when he grew up,
he became very well-known and helped to develop the electric energy that
we now have in all the houses of the world, the current alternates. We will
talk about his children, his life, his failures and his achievements

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 Tesla History

1. Birth and childhood

Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856, in what is now Smiljan, Croatia. He
was one of five children, which included siblings Dane, Angelina, Milka and
Marica, in the family. His mother, Djuka Mandici, who invented small household
appliances in her spare time while her son was growing up, spurred Tesla’s
interest in electrical invention. Tesla's father, Milutin Tesla, was a
Serbian orthodox priest and a writer, and he pushed his son to join the
priesthood. But Nikola's interests lay squarely in the sciences.

His favorite subject at school was Mathematics. If they gave him a problem, he
did not need a blackboard or a sheet of paper. Tesla had the extraordinary
ability to record in his mind all the steps necessary to solve the problem, as if he
had invented it himself. This ability to solve mathematical problems and
visualize engineering designs was very useful at different stages of his life.
Nikola had a prodigious memory and was an avid reader. He also learned
several languages. This allowed him to access texts written in different
languages. From his earliest age, Tesla assembled complex mechanical
devices with whatever material he had
available. During his youth he devoted
himself so much to the study that his family
feared for his health. His father warned that
engineering, the discipline that requires the
years of intense studies, and which aspired
Nikola, check their physical and mental
well-being. He tried to convince him, and
from whom he took religious habits.
Throughout its race Tesla suffered diverse
illnesses generated by its extreme

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dedication to the work. In spite of his physical weakness and having contracted
malaria, Nikola successfully completed in three years the engineer career
(which normally required four years), in the High Royal Gymnasium of Croatia.
It was during this period that Tesla decided to devote his life to electrical
experimentation. Up on returning home, his parents expressed concern about
his demand and his accelerated steps in the study. His health was still weak,
and they insisted again that he should pursue a religious career. Nikola
immediately received further dismay from the contractor and received the call
from his country's army. Tesla became discouraged to the point of relapsing his
health and being on the edge of death. He knew that if he survived the rage, he
would join the army and then pursue a religious career. He despaired, and on
his sickbed he was moody all the time. Upon perceiving his condition, his father
made up and gave permission for him to pursue a career in electrical
engineering. Tesla slowly regained his health. His father sent him to a resting
place to recover permanently. During this time, he used his influence to prevent
his son from performing military service.

2. Study and Development of the A.C.

In 1875 Tesla moved to Gratz, Austria, to study electrical engineering. There he

continued to work tirelessly putting his health at risk again. At this stage he
discovered the inherent limitations of DC motors and generators due to the
sparking associated with the collecting action (interruption of current polarity in
a motor to protect the movement of the induced winding). This discovery
convinced Tesla of the need to develop alternating current motors and
generators that do not require manifolds. In the following years, Tesla went to
this task. He rejected the idea of his teacher, who taught his students that it was
impossible to develop AC motors and generators. His "instinct" indicated that
the teacher was wrong. Tesla never failed when it came to resover scientific
problems. However, it took him a long time to develop his theory. After enrolling
in complementary engineering courses in Prague, Tesla moved to Budapest in
1881. Friends offered him a job at the central telephone station that was about
to be inaugurated. Tesla's mathematical and design skills soon caught the

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attention of his supervisors. When the station was completed, Tesla took over
its operation. Again, too much work hurt his health. Exhaustion forced him to
give up work.

In February 1882, after recovering once more, Tesla found the solution to the
problem of alternating current. He clearly perceived how to use alternating
currents to create a rotating magnetic field. This was the fundamental concept I
needed to produce an AC motor.
He created the rotating magnetic field using two circuits in which the currents
were mutually out of phase. Other engineers had attempted to develop AC
motors using only one circuit, but they could not produce a continuous rotation
of their motors. Tesla's two-phase system eliminated the need for a manifold.
Anyway, his work was far from complete. He immediately developed designs of
dynamos, motors, transformers and other devices needed for alternating-
current power systems. Tesla extended the idea of the rotating magnetic field to
include streams of three, four,
and six different phases. He was
able to develop true multi-phase
power systems. He also
promised to build a single-phase
AC motor.
The Budapest telephone
company, which Tesla wished to
return to, was sold. The same
family who helped him get the
job, helped him again to get a
position at the Edison
Continental Company in Paris,
which manufactured engines, generators and DC lighting equipment under
Edison patents.
Nikola Tesla. Engineer and discoverer of AC

Tesla attempted to convince his colleagues that multi-phase AC systems could

be developed, but no one was interested in his ideas.

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Tesla was assigned to a special project in Germany. Here he had time to build a
two-phase generator and a two-phase motor. Tesla did all the mechanical work
of tolerance without help. There are no representations of their schemes. He
had all the details in mind. When in 1883 he tried his AC machines for the first
time, they worked perfectly. His theory was correct.
After successfully completing his mission in Germany, Tesla became enmity with his
supervisors. They had promised him a special reward for the work they never gave
him. Outraged, he decided not to show the Company's directors his two-phase system
in operation, and he gave up his job.

3. Tesla meets Edison

Continental Edison's manager, Charles Bachelor, was a partner and friend of

Thomas A. Edison. From the outset, he was impressed by Tesla's character
and urged him to move to the United States to work directly with Edison.
Tesla accepted his suggestion and asked for a cover letter. The letter said: "I
know the geniuses and you are one of them, the other is this young man." Tesla
sold all the possessions to pay the train and boat tickets, and left in New York in
1884.
During the trip Tesla lost his wallet and some suitcases. He arrived in the United
States With no money, with nothing but the clothes he wore. Fortunately, I had
a friend in New York who would allow him to stay provisionally.
Edison did not make a good impression on the young Croatian. Edison had little
formal education, and his inventions were the fruit of an empirical method of trial
and error, while the thesis solved mentally all technical problems without
experimenting. Perhaps one of the major disagreements was that Edison
strongly promoted DC power systems, and strongly opposed the development
of AC systems. Tesla was intimately convinced of the superiority of the AC.
Despite their differences, Edison, based on Bachelor’s recommendation, gave
Tesla a job.
Edison quickly warned that Tesla was making progress in his work, once he
made valuable contributions. When Tesla suggested that the gear improves

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efficiency and reduces the cost of running Edison's DC dynamos, the plant
manager responded, "We'll give you $ 50,000 if you can."
During the following months, Tesla designed 24 new types of DC dynamos. It
replaced the large field magnets with smaller, more efficient ones, and added
important automatic controls. The machines work as Tesla predicted, and the
Edison Company acquired new patents.
In mid-1885, when Tesla claimed the fifty thousand dollars promised, Edison's
response was as follows: "Tesla, you do not understand the American sense of
humor." Furious, in addition to not receiving an extra penny for his productivity,
beyond his $ 18 weekly wage, Tesla quit his job with Edison.

4. The Tesla Electric Company

Not finding a job as an engineer, Tesla was forced to work as a laborer. In early
1887, comments on his projects with AC attracted his foreman. The foreman
was also obliged to do a job below his abilities, and soon sympathized with the
situation of Tesla. He decided to recommend it to A. K. Brown of the Western
Union Telegraph Company. In April, Brown and a friend contributed the money
to create the "Tesla Electric Company". Coincidentally, Tesla's new lab was
housed inside a building owned by Edison.
Soon Tesla built a
two-phase AC
generator, the
induction motor he
had built in Europe
and other machines
he had in mind to
design since his stay
in Budapest. Not only
focused on single
phase, bi-phase and
tri-phase systems, but
also experimented

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with devices of 4 and up to 6 phases. He also developed the mathematical
theory necessary to explain the operation of AC systems, in order to show and
make understand their work to other scientists.
Having proven the efficiency of its AC systems, Tesla was dedicated to
developing a series of fundamental inventions. In 1888 he patented them. His
brilliant creations and achievements spread quickly. On May 16 this year he
was invited to give a presentation on "A New System for Alternating Current
Transformers and Motors" at the AIEE in New York. He was then recognized
and accepted as a member of the Association of Electrical Engineers.
At that time, George Westinghouse was a famed inventor who had made a
fortune in Pittsburgh by manufacturing pneumatic brakes for trains and a variety
of electrical devices. He recognized the advantages offered by AC power
systems over DCs and saw the great commercial potential of Tesla's work.
Edison DC systems could not distribute power beyond half a mile of the
generator due to excessive voltage drops caused by the resistance of the high
voltage lines and the enormous current flowing through the lines. The AC
voltages, on the other hand, rise in the generator using transformers, thus
reducing the current and the losses of the transmission. The result is a
substantial increase in the range of distribution. Transformers convert AC
voltages to safe levels at the point where power is used.

Following his presentation at the AIEE, Westinghouse contacted Tesla to see

their equipment in person. Both had common interests and immediately entered
into a good relationship. Westinghouse offered Tesla one million dollars for its
AC patents. He also invited him to Pittsburgh for a year and offered him a high
salary as a technical advisor. Tesla accepted the offer. He gave half a million to
A. K. Brown and the partner who financed his work. He had reached a wealth
he had never dreamed of. Problems arose when Westinghouse engineers
attempted to use Tesla designs to produce small single-phase motors. In
addition, the priorities and urgencies for Westinghouse's AC power systems,
which depended on its exclusive sale, differed from Tesla's objectives with its
investigations. Tesla was confident that its AC machines operated more
efficiently at a frequency of 60 Hz (then "cycles per second") while
Westinghouse engineers used frequencies of 133 Hz. Unsatisfied with working

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for third parties, Tesla returned to his laboratory in New York. He had already
managed to solve himself and wanted to return to his projects. He rejected a
very lucrative offer from Westinghouse to stay in Pittsburgh. After leaving this
city, he was granted US citizenship.

Nikola Tesla vs Thomas Edison

5. Edison campaign against Tesla

Unwanted cattle, dogs, cats, horses. Topsy, an elephant from a Coney Island
circus that killed three men. All were electrocuted with alternating energy by
Edison and his team. Edison sought to put the electric energy in the public
pillory - with humanistic or commercial intentions, there is no way of knowing it
as an aggressive invention.
In fact, the forms developed by Tesla and Edison shared space throughout the
twentieth century and in the technological era. "While AC is indeed very good
for power transmission a great distance - engineer Alex Waller in his blog The
abstract engineer, is bad for electronics. So a variation is suggested: if the
father of The electric age, is the father of the electronic age. "
Although the current flowing in the alternating system was a little stronger, the
voltages and damage caused by both models were similar. Well quoted by the
electrocuted - or Westinghoused, as it was called to receive strong discharges
of current with alternating current with direct current, although a
mismanagement of the alternating power itself could cause severe damages.

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Given the fame of genius on the sidelines surrounding Tesla, Edison wanted to
lessen his influence. AC is more dangerous than direct current, Edison
preached in newspapers and meetings. He read an editorial written by Harold
Pitney Brown, an electrician, in The New York Post. Brown said a boy died
when he hit a telegraph that was powered by alternating power.

What followed was in this way. Edison recruited H.P. Brown - whom he paid
clandestinely - to develop an idea of the dentist Alfred Southwick: the electric
chair. Although Edison refused capital punishment, he experimented in his
laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey, electrocuting animals with the approval
and active help of Brown and sometimes with the presence of the press.
Southwick also moved its charter in the country's policy to approve a "more
humane" form than the gallows to meet the death penalty. From January 1,
1889, the capital punishment for electrocution was official. And the first person
to sit in the electric chair was William Kemmler, who had murdered his wife with
an ax. On August 6, 1890, the condemned Kemmler received a discharge of
alternating current that scarcely left him wounded and then another that led to
his death. In this way, Edison and Brown verified their much-vaunted thesis:
that alternative energy killed more than direct energy.

6. Death of Nikola Tesla

Quite contrary to what happened with Westinghouse, who in addition to growing

economically was nominated for the Nobel Prize in physics; Tesla lived a career
obsessed with his inventions and to create the Tower of Wardenclyffe.
However, at age 86 he was found dead in a hotel room in New York.

Abandoned and almost without money, he devoted his entire life to satisfying
his scientific concerns, pressed by a growing "inventor market," for millions of
dollars of electric utilities, and finally did not live to see his main dream come
true. One of the virtues of this inventor, and what is currently one of the great
problems for his creations, is that he possessed a photographic memory and a
brilliant mind, which allowed him to design and create each of his projects

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without schemes, managing to visualize each part in a very specific way, all
within his mind.

For this same reason, Tesla failed to patent many of its creations, which is
posed as a real challenge for those who want to revive the Tesla Tower and the
possibility of a free and clean energy for all.

Inventor Nikola Tesla

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 Conclusions

Not always, the achievements of life help us to end well in our last days, Nikola
Tesla was a great inventor and a great scientist, but he was not a bad father
and this resulted in death alone and poor in a hotel room. , no family to help or
care for it, for this reason we must understand that even if we can have many
titles if we are not good people we will not end up in a good way in this world.

Nikola Tesla's life leads us to conclude that mental or family difficulties or

poverty are not limiting to be the best and develop very well in any area of life,
with dedication and commitment, since Nikola Tesla has been able to achieve
her dreams no matter what other people say, the decision and dedication is the
most important thing.

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 Bibliography

-Biography of Nícola (2008). (https://www.biography.com/people/nikola tesla

9504443

-Monographys of wises (2016). http://www.monografias.com/trabajos30/nikola-

tesla cientifico sabio/nikola tesla cientifico sabio.shtml

-Newspaper covers (2017).http://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2017/08/18/indignacion-

por portadas de periodicos sobre atentado en barcelona kioskos se han
negado a vender ejemplares/

-Energy free (2010). http://penbrunner.blogspot.es/1455744746/nikola tesla fue

asesinado por querer revelar y dar la energia libre gratis/

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