UNIFIED SCHOOLS OF ARCHDIOCESE OF LIPA

SAN GUILLERMO ACADEMY

TALISAY, BATANGAS

S.Y. 2020 – 2021

Learner’s Module in Mathematics 8

First Quarter
LESSON 0.2: OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS
In this module we will recall how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide polynomials.
I. Overview

Just like we can add, subtract, and multiply polynomial expressions,

we can do all of these with polynomial functions too. It turns out that
polynomials are like numbers, and we can do arithmetic with them!

II. Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 

1. Identify among algebraic expressions which are monomial, binomial, trinomial, and polynomial.
2. Perform mathematical operations (addition and subtraction) on polynomials.
3. Evaluate algebraic expressions for given values of variables.

III. Discussion of Content

In Lesson 1.1, we refreshed about the different types of polynomials which I know
you find easy, right? Now, we are going to talk about how to perform mathematical
operations on polynomials.

It is important that you develop your skills in applying mathematical

operations on polynomials as this will be your foundation in our coming topics
which are special products and factoring.

You should already have an idea how to perform mathematical operations on

polynomials since this is only a review on what you have learned from last year.

Below are some pointers that we have to keep in mind before we start adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and dividing polynomials.

Term Definition Example Underlined

It is a number in an expression that
constant 2x + 5 and 3 – 6z
does not have a variable beside it.
It is a constant that is either alone or
coefficient 3x5 and -7x2y
being multiplied by an expression.

It is the power to which a number or

exponent 62 and (-2c)3
expression is being raised.
 It is a number that contains no
integer 5 and -300
fractional or decimal part.
It is a letter of the alphabet used to
variable represent an unknown value in an 2x + 5 and 3 – 6z
expression.

These are terms that you have to remember as we ponder the world of Algebra
and Geometry.

Did you know?

Polynomial Questions appear frequently in any achievement tests
and entrance tests in college. This is an important topic if you want
to become an Engineer or any other profession related to math as you
need to score high in Math Exams.

Adding Polynomials

   When adding polynomials, like terms must be combined. For instance, 3c and 5c can be
added to get 8c. Likewise, 3x2y and -7x2y can be added to get -4x2y. However, 5x3y and
10x2y5 cannot be added together because they do not have the same exact variables and
the exact powers on those variables.

   Let those examples guide us regarding the following problem.

   The best way to handle this is to perform the task vertically, instead of horizontally, while
aligning like terms.

   With this arrangement of polynomials, it's easier to determine which terms to combine
together.

   Consequently, here is the solution.

      

   On this next example, care has to be taken.

   The reason for care is due to the first polynomial. It is missing an x-squared term and an
x-term. This is why place-holder terms must be included.

   The vertical placement below emphasizes the correct alignment of like terms to be added.

   Consequently, the solution is...

Subtracting Polynomials

   When subtracting numbers, it is possible to change the problem to addition. Here is a

case in point.

   This problem can be changed to an addition problem. All we have to do is switch the
subtraction to addition and then change the second number to its opposite, like this.

   When problems are converted into addition, they are usually done more successfully. The
answer is -9, which is harder to obtain as a subtraction problem. When dealing with
polynomial subtraction, we can do the exact same process. Here is an example of a
subtraction problem with polynomials.

   We can also change this problem to addition. Change the subtraction to addition and then
switch the last polynomial to its opposite. Our new example would then be…

   Notice how the second polynomial changed. The -6 changed to 6. The 7 changed to -7
and the 4 changed to -4. Now, the problem is a polynomial addition problem, which is best
accomplished vertically.

   The answer can be gained by adding like terms. The like terms are those that have the
same variables and powers on those variables. This vertical form makes it easier to find
 and add those like terms.

Combining those highlighted like terms gives us the following solution.

   Here is another problem, but this one is in vertical form.

   We still have to change this problem to addition. We first have to realize it means we are
subtracting the bottom polynomial from the top polynomial. So, we have to take the
opposite of the second (the bottom) polynomial. This would give us this addition problem.

   Notice that the last polynomial, the bottom polynomial, was changed to its opposite. Now,
we simply add like terms and the like terms have already been aligned.

   After we add like terms, we will get this solution.

Are you still having a hard time? Visit the link below
when you can to further learn about this lesson:

https://www.ipracticemath.com/learn/algebra/poly-operations

IV. Self-Check Test and Evaluation Activities

 Now that we have refreshed about the terms that we need to remember as well as adding and
subtracting polynomials, let us check if you clearly understood the lesson.

A. Label the expression with the correct term according to what you learned on the first part of
the lesson.

B. Fill in the blanks by adding or subtracting the given polynomials.

1. (8x2 + 9x - 6) + (-3x2 + 9x + 2) = _____ x2 + _____x + ______

2. (-4x2 - x + 2) + (6x2 + 10x + 2) = _____ x2 + _____x + ______
3. (10x2 - 10x + 5) + (x2 + 7x - 8) = _____ x2 + _____x + ______
4. (5x2 + 2x - 3) - (8x2 - 4x + 9) = _____ x2 + _____x + ______
5. (-3x2 - 5x - 1) - (2x2 - 2x + 10) = _____ x2 + _____x + ______

V.References
https://www.vhv.rs/viewpic/hbmJiRi_transparent-reminder-clipart-remember-png-png-download/
http://www.mathguide.com/lessons/Polynomials.html
http://www.mathguide.com/cgi-bin/quizmasters/PolynomialAdd.cgi
http://www.mathguide.com/cgi-bin/quizmasters/PolynomialSub.cgi
https://www.ipracticemath.com/learn/algebra/poly-operations

Prepared by: Mary Ann N. Amparo / 09354337082