An Augmented Reality Mastectomy Surgical Planning Prototype using the HoloLens

1. In this paper, they discussed an augmented reality (AR) application, which enables surgeons to
see the shape of the implants, as 3D holograms on the patient’s body
2. complex applications such as Crisalix [8], use a 3D scanned model of a patient’s body as their
reference, and alter the model based on the surgeon’s preference.
3. The main difference between the use of software for breast augmentation and breast
reconstruction is that the latter must also consider the shape of the natural breast.
4. Their system needs a HoloLens device running in development mode, a custom developed AR
application, and a predefined pattern used as the marker for AR.
5. The developed application runs on the HoloLens device, which both serves as the camera and
handles user inputs (hand gestures and gaze movement).
6. The application starts with the HoloLens scanning the environment using its video camera, and
looking for the marker they have defined in their Vuforia database.
7. The main problem stated by the users was detecting the position of the cursor when the
application starts.

Intraoperative Navigation for Breast Cancer Surgery Using 3D Ultrasound Images

1. In this paper they develop an intraoperative image-guidance system for breast cancer surgery
using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging.
2. The most important factor in avoiding this tragedy is thought to be ensuring that the cut-end
margin of the tumor is free from cancer invasion.
3. To resolve this problem, a visualization. system is needed to show the location and extension of
the tumor in the breast so that the surgeon can minimize the resected region.
4. In the operating room, the patient was anesthetized and placed in the supine position for breast
cancer surgery with her arm fixed above her face.
5. The surface-rendering model was examined from every angle by rotation to distinguish the tumor
from noise.
6. A video camera (Sun Microsystems) with LED markers was placed above the patient to take video
images of the breast, and the 3D geometrical data.
7. A small daughter nodule appeared in the 3D image and was confirmed pathologically.

Augmented Reality Applied to Ultrasound-Guided Breast Cyst Aspiration

1. In this paper, they discussed the augmented-reality guidance technology for breast cyst aspiration
to the medical community.
2. They worked in two ways 1. Technical background 2. Clinical background.
3. In technical background, they think augmented reality technology will allow the image to be
showed in three dimensions.
4. In clinical background, they tried the ultrasound image is viewed on a conventional video monitor.
5. Reasonable image generation rate (10 Hz) and stereopsis so that there is good depth perception
and believability of the object in space, which require kinetic or stereoscopic depth cues.
6. The latter view is acquired by high-quality miniature video cameras mounted on the physician's
head.
7. Cline et al. have used noninvasive MR blood ow data to reconstruct three-dimensional display of
ow that resembles cineangiography.