What is Carbohydrates? Function of Carbohydrates?

Recommended intake
Energy Production Build Macromolecules Physical Activity Body Size
v Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen ü Boy and girl ü Body size used to
(Davidson,2020). Primary role to supply energy. Glucose is converted to ribose teenagers based on know the consumption
v The general formula Cn(H2O)n Excessive carbohydrates in the and deoxyribose, which are active or passive of nutrients for each
v Macronutrients activities they do. individual.
v Primary source of energy in body
body will store the glucose as essential building blocks of ü Athletes: 30 to 60 ü Pregnant women
v Provide 4 calories per gram glycogen in the liver and important macromolecules and g/hour. need 175 to 210 g/day
(Vaughan, R., S, M. & Kravitz L., carbohydrates
muscles thus, can be used also reduced NADPH, which is n.d.) (“Carbs in pregnancy: Aptaclub”, 2020).

Carbohydrates later when supply glucose is important for protection against Age Climate

low (Pearson, 2017). oxidative stress. ü Infants: 60g/day.

ü Baby to two years
ü Northern and
southern
(Medicine LibreTexts, 2020). old: 95g/day. environment: 35 % to
Simple Complex ü Children: 130g/day.
ü Teenagers:
49 % per day
ü Mild environment: 44
Sparing Protein Lipid Metabolism 130g/day.
ü Adult men:
% per day
ü 9,000 feet

Monosaccharides Polysaccharides
Body can convert amino acids When bodies are in very low-carb 200 - 330g/day. environment: 53 %
Disaccharides ü Adult women: per day
q Glucose q Maltose q Starches from muscle into glucose to diets, ketones are formed from 180 - 230 g/day ü Summer environment:
q Fructose q Lactose q Fibers provide energy during starvation the breakdown of fatty acids that (“Nutritional Needs for Different
Ages'', 2020).
54% per day
q Galactose q Sucrose q Glycogen
(Types of (Zacharias,2020).
because of the absence of will be used as replacement of
(Zacharias,2020) References
Carbohydrates, 2018) carbohydrates. glucose to provide energy American Diabetes Association. (2020). Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Glucose). Retrieved from
https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management/blood-glucose-testing-

(Medicine LibreTexts, 2020). (Pearson, 2017). and control/hypoglycemia

Burgess, L. (2018). Hypoglycemia without diabetes: Causes, treatment, and diet. Retrieved 2
December 2020, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322744#symptom

Health risk related to intake Pearson, K., (2017, November 9). What Are The Key Functions Of Carbohydrates?. Healthline.

Sources of Carbohydrates
Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/carbohydrate functions#TOC_TITLE_HDR_7

of Carbohydrates
Types of Carbohydrates. (2018). Retrieved from
https://media.lanecc.edu/users/powellt/FN225OER/Carbohydrates/FN225Carbohydrates2.html#
:~:text=Carbohydrates%20can%20be%20divided%20into,each%20of%20these%20in%20turn

Zacharias, E. (2020). Basic understanding of carbohydrates. Retrieved from

Fructose Lactose https://www.bouldermedicalcenter.com/basic-understanding-of-carbohydrates/

ØHoney, oats and fruits ØMilk products like buttermilk, yogurt, Sources of Carbohydrates. (2020). Retrieved from https://byjus.com/biology/sources-
of carbohydrates/
Low Intake Excessive Intake Glucose sour cream (Sources and types of Sources and types of carbohydrates and sugar. (2020). Retrieved from
https://www.sugarnutritionresource.org/the-basics/sources-and-types-of-carbohydrates-
ØSome fruits like grapes and carbohydrates and sugar, 2020) and sugar

Ø Hypoglycemia Ø Obesity vegetables like sweet corn Starch Nutritional Needs for Different Ages. (2020). Retrieved from
https://www.universalclass.com/articles/health/nutrition/nutritional-needs-for-different ages.htm

Galactose ØWhole grains and grain bread corn,

Also known as low blood We can gain weight when Vaughan, R., S, M. & Kravitz L. (n.d.). Carbohydrate Intake for Endurance Training: Redefining

ØLactose-free milk, instant coffee rice, sweet potatoes

Traditional Views. Retrieved from

sugar level which happened excessive carbohydrates

https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/carbohydratenew.html

granules and ground black pepper Non-starch polysaccharides Carbs in pregnancy: Aptaclub. (2020, July 24). Retrieved from
when your blood glucose are taken, so additional https://www.aptaclub.co.uk/pregnancy/diet-and-nutrition/understanding-food-groups/why-
Sucrose ØVegetables, fruit are carbohydrates-important.html

levels have dropped low calories consumed as fat

ØDerived from sugar cane and sugar Fibre
enough than the normal are more likely to be stored Group Members Name:
beet ØFresh vegetables like pumpkin

Group 2
1) Nurhidayah Binti Mohd Sabri (S55998)
range (<70 mg/dL) (American in the muscle (Burrell, 2015). Maltose (Sources of Carbohydrates,2020).
2) Siti Nur Alisya Binti Azami (S56000)
3) Afiqah Nurzahira Binti Madzlan (S54116)
Diabetes Association, 2020). ØSources of malted wheat and barley 4) Hani Shakirah Binti Sapian (S56202)
5) Nur Fazlin Binti Sulaiman (S56227)
6) Fatin Nur Shuhada Binti Mohammad Al Sha’ari (S56132)