Lab Project

Engineering Drawing & Graphics

Second Semester

Submitted By:
Safi Abdullah
19-ME-146
Section B

Submitted to:
Sir. Younas

Dated:
17th July 2020

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Faculty of Engineering and Technology,
HITEC University, Taxila
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Table Of Contents

Topics Page Number

Project Model ……………… 02
Summary ……………… 02
Applications ……………… 03
Third Angle Projection ...……. 03
Model views ……………… 03

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 Project Model:
Pinion Gear

 Summary:

Generally, when meshing pair of gears, the smaller gear is called a

pinion gear. Also, it refers to the cylindrical gear that meshes with a rack in a
rack-and-pinion mechanism which transforms rotational motion to linear
motion. A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a
circular gear (the pinion) engaging a linear gear (the rack), which operate to
translate rotational motion into linear motion. Driving the pinion into
rotation causes the rack to be driven linearly. Driving the rack linearly will
cause the pinion to be driven into a rotation. I choose this pinion gear for my
project because its easy to make and I am well aware of its daily life usage. I
used first angle projection method to create its 2D & 3D images in
AutoCAD on A3 sheet with scale of 1:1.

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 Applications:

Rack and pinion combinations are often used as part of a simple linear
actuator, where the rotation of a shaft powered by hand or by a motor is
converted to linear motion.

The rack carries the full load of the actuator directly and so the driving
pinion is usually small, so that the gear ratio reduces the torque required.
This force, thus torque, may still be substantial and so it is common for there
to be a reduction gear immediately before this by either a gear or worm gear
reduction. Rack gears have a higher ratio, thus require a greater driving
torque, than screw actuators.

1) Most stairlifts today operate using the rack and pinion system.

2) A rack and pinion is commonly found in the steering mechanism of cars

or other wheeled, steered vehicles. Rack and pinion provides less
mechanical advantage than other mechanisms such as recirculating ball,
but less backlash and greater feedback, or steering "feel". The mechanism
may be power-assisted, usually by hydraulic or electrical means.

3) Rack railways are mountain railways that use a rack built into the center
of the track and a pinion on their locomotives. This allows them to work
on steep gradients, up to 45 degrees, as opposed to conventional railways
which rely on friction alone for locomotion. Additionally, the rack and
pinion addition provides these trains with controlled brakes, and reduces
the effects of snow or ice on the rails.

4) A rack and pinion with two racks and one pinion is used in actuators. An
example is pneumatic rack and pinion actuators that can be used to
control valves in pipeline transport.
 Third Angle Projection:

3rd Angle project is where the 3D object is seen to be in the 3rd

quadrant. It is positioned below and behind the viewing planes, the planes
are transparent, and each view is pulled onto the plane closest to it. The
front plane of projection is seen to be between the observer and the object.
The views of third angle projection of pinion gear along with title block are
attached below.

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