Fundamentals of Machine Design Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Drawing

Fundamentals of Machine Design
FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DRAWING
LECTURE 1.
DR. JÁNOS P. RÁDICS PhD
Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME)

Department of Machine and Product Design (GT3)
Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 1

LECTURERS

Budapest University of Technology and Economics
Mechanical Engineering Faculty
Department of Machine and Product Design
•Mechanical Engineering Drawing

•Machine elements
•Machine design
•Product design
•Agricultural engineering
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MAIN MILESTONES
Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Drawing

Fundamentals of CAD
Mechanics
Manufacturing
Machine elements I. & II.
Theory of Machine Design
Project work
BSc DIPLOMA
………………… ALL ADVANCED …………………
MSc DIPLOMA
MECHANICAL (CONSTRUCTION/DEVELOPMENT) ENGINEER

AIMS OF THE COURSE
CUSTOMER
AIMS OF THE COURSE

AIMS OF THE COURSE
IDEA CONCEPT
DETAILING CONSTRUCTION
AIMS OF THE COURSE

AIMS OF THE COURSE
– Learning the unique language of mechanical

engineers
– Getting practice of mechanical engineering
drawing,
– Improve the free-hand drawing and sketch,
– Develop the drawing reading and understanding
ability,
– Practicing the drawing of basic mechanical
drawing exercises.

OVERALL INFORMATION
– contact lessons: 2 hours lecture + 2 hours seminar/week,

– credit points: 4,
– 5 homeworks (basic drawing; treads; application of joints;
detailing; pipe fittings),
– 3 tests (6th, 11th and 14th week),
– midterm mark,
– the subject is obligatory for the Machine elements course

TEXTBOOKS
– Simmons et al. (2006): Manual of Engineering Drawing, Elsevier Ltd.,
ISBN–13: 978-0-7506-8985-4
– Shah M.B., Rana B.C. (2007): Engineering Drawing, Dorling Kindtnley,
India, ISBN 978-81-317-0944-3
– Narayana K.L. et al. (2006):Machine Drawing, New Age International
(P) Ltd., Publishers, ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2518-5
– Reddy K.V. (2008): Textbook of Engineering Drawing, BS Publications,
ISBN: 81-7800-149-7
– International and National Standards
– Catalogues, Catalogues, Catalogues, Catalogues, Catalogues
All informations (schedule, conditions, homework,

results, etc.) are available on the following website:
http://gt3.bme.hu/mechdrawing
OVERALL INFORMATION
• Course website free access only on the first week
• Use website registration to access from the 2nd week
• SWITCH TO hungarian language to access the registration

form
• Any problem: radics.janos@gt3.bme.hu
CONDITIONS OF THE SEMESTER
- Participation on 70% of the seminars is obligatory.
Maximum 4 times missing is enabled; justified absence
will not be counted
attendance control; maximum enabled delay: 5 mins
- ALL midterm tests have to be completed successfully.
- ALL homeworks must be submitted.
Homeworks must fulfill the minimum requirements. After
the deadline of the submission the points of the homework
will be reduced by 1 mark.
- Only the 5th homework can be submitted on the 15th
week.

PREPAIRING FOR LECTURES AND SEMINARS
LECTURES:
• Notebook (papers, no electronics needed)
• Pencils (2B, B, HB), pen (blue), ruler
SEMINARS:
• Notebook from the lectures
• 10 pcs. of A4 paper (80 g/m2)
• 5 pcs. of printed A4 paper with layout
• Rulers (1pc. straight, 1pc. 45o, 1pc. 60o/30o); compass
• Pencils (2B, B, HB), sharpener, eraser

HOMEWORKS
Topic Issue Submission
Course website
1st Homework Copy of single part and assembly drawing
2nd Homework Drawing a threaded joint
Seminar
3rd Homework Drawing a torque transmitting joint
4th Homework Detailing from assembly drawing
Reproducing manufacturing documentation of a

5th Homework Seminar
pipe fitting

HOMEWORK SUBMISSION STEPS
1. Go to the course website and download homework files

2. Read information leaflet
3. Print sample page with layout
4. Fill the title block
5. Go over the solution procedure IN MIND
6. Draw your homework using only your pencil (freehand drawing)
7. Show it to your seminar teacher (freehand submission date)
8. Finalize drawing using ruler, compass etc…
9. Submit your homework (submission date)
10.Correct failures
11.Submit your homework again
SCHEDULE OF THE SEMESTER
Weeks Lecture Topics Seminar Topics Homework
General instructions. Fundamentals of drawing: linetypes, Orthographic projection
1st week HW 1 issue
scales, projection methods, texts Practice: drawing of wooden models
2nd week Section views Practice: completion of views – plain faced bodies
Practice: completion of views – cylindrical bodies. HW 1 freehand
3rd week Screws and threads
Drawing of 3D bodies in orthographic views submission
HW 1 submission
4th week Screws and threads / Dimensioning Threads #1
HW 2 issue
HW 2 freehand
5th week Test 1: Completing views Threads #2
submission
6th week Dimensioning Threaded joint.
HW 2 submission
7th week Tolerances, fits. Tolerance calculations. Detailing
HW 3 issue
8th week Surface roughness. Geometrical tolerances. Measuring of pipe armatures (valves). Free-hand sketches
HW 3 freehand
Drawing of some typical machine elements (welding, gear,
9th week Measuring of pipe armatures (valves). Free-hand sketches submission
spring, bearing etc.)
HW 4-5 issue
10th week Test 2: Solving simple drawing problems Measuring of pipe armatures (valves). Free-hand sketches HW 3 submission
HW 4 freehand
11th week Simplified drawing methods – symmetric parts, details etc. Measuring of pipe armatures (valves). Free-hand sketches
submission
Measuring of pipe armatures (valves). Free-hand sketches
12th week Test 1 and 2 first repeat HW 4 submission
of pipe armatures (parts and assembly)
Measuring of pipe armatures (valves). Free-hand sketches HW 5 freehand
13th week Pipe fittings
of pipe armatures (parts and assembly) submission
14th week Test 3: Detailing from assembly Homework submission HW 5 submission
Test 3 first repeat
HW 5 last
15th week AND
submission
Test 1 OR 2 OR 3 second repeat

MIDTERM MARK
Min. point Max. point
1st Homework 4 10
2nd Homework 4 10
3rd Homework 4 10 SUMMARIZED
4th Homework 4 10 Points Mark
0-39 Fail (1)
5th Homework 8 20
40-54 Pass (2)
1st Test 2 5 55-69 Satisfactory (3)
70-84 Good (4)
2nd Test 6 15
85-100 (+10) Excellent (5)
3rd Test 8 20
Practice work on the

0 10
seminar

HOMEWORK – 1ST HOMEWORK
• Copying two simple drawings.
• The aim: practice the usage of the lineweight, the
standard letters, the usage of rulers.
• Additional task #1: writing at least a half A4 paper with
standard letters with the following letter sizes: 7, 5, 3.5
mm.
• Additional task #2: making a paper folder to collect the
drawings.
• These together are the 1st homework. The submission

of the homework means the submission of the two
drawings, the A4 paper with standard letters and the
folder together!
• ISSUE: 1st week, SUBMISSION: 4th week.

HOMEWORK – 1ST HOMEWORK – MAIN TASK

HOMEWORK – 1ST HOMEWORK – ADDITIONAL TASKS
EXERCISING OF STANDARD LETTERS PREPARING A PAPER FOLDER

EXERCISING OF STANDARD LETTERS
Print sample sheet
Copy to mm grid
Copy to simple lines
Copy to mm grid

Copy to mm grid
Copy to mm grid
Copy to mm grid
Extend the lines

PREPARING A PAPER FOLDER
Buy paper folder
Print folder labeling
Apply glue to place it to the right place
Fill NAME and NEPTUN-CODE

By hand!

INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL DESIGN
Development
Documentation
Manufacturing
Testing
Optimizing
Finalizing
Documentation
INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING

• The technical documentation, which is used when a new
machine or product are designed, contains drawing and text
parts.
• The text part encloses the description of the product, the

working method, the calculations, the assembly order etc.
– Assignment description
– Competitor’s products
– Specific literature
– Development procedure (sketches, concepts, detailing, technological
calculations)
– Strength calculations
– Operation description
– etc…

• The drawing part shows the build-up of the product, its
dimensions, how the elements connect each other, and
some important features e.g. the manufacturing.
• The mechanical engineering drawing is a special way to

communicate the engineering thoughts/inspirations
– according to international standards, which
– includes common projection method, common symbols etc.
Using these standards and techniques the
– drawings can not be misinterpreted, and the drawings will be
unambiguous, accurate to dimension/size and geometry.

PROJECTION METHODS
The mechanical drawing is a 2D representation of a 3D
products. So projection is needed to get a 2D drawing
form a 3D products.
Central projection
A mapping of a configuration into a plane
that associates with any point of the
configuration the intersection with the plane
of the line passing through the point and a
fixed point. It is NOT accurate to
dimension/size and geometry.
Parallel projection
A central projection in which the center of Projection
of the contour
projection is the point at infinity, so that the
projectors are parallel; equivalent to an
orthogonal projection. It is accurate to
dimension/size and geometry.
PARALLEL PROJECTIONS
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION - EUROPEAN METHOD
In first angle projection,

the part is placed Sheet
BETWEEN the viewer
and the drawing sheet

PARALLEL PROJECTIONS
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION - ENGLISH METHOD
In first angle projection, the
part is placed BEHIND the
viewer and the drawing sheet
Sheet

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION - EUROPEAN METHOD
SIX VIEWS ARE AVAILABLE
An object in space may be imagined as surrounded by six
mutually perpendicular planes. So, it is possible to obtain six
different views by viewing the object along the six directions,
normal to the six planes.
bottom view
right view front view left view rear view
top view

PARALLEL PROJECTION SYMBOLS

DRAWING LAYOUTS
By mechanical drawings layouts a lot of things are

standardized.
These are the following:

• Drawing paper sizes.
• Title block, title numbers, part list.
• Drawing scales.
Affected by company
• Texts, letters. standards
• Lineweights, linetypes.
BME GT3 standards
=
ISO standards

DRAWING PAPER SIZES
The standard recommends that for
normal practical purposes the area of
the largest sheet is 1 m2 and the sides
are in the ratio of 1:√2. The dimensions
of the sheet are 841 mm×1189 mm. For
smaller sheets the longest side is
progressively halved and the
designations and dimensions are given
in the table.
Designation Dimension (mm)
A0 841x1189
A1 594x841
A2 420x594
A3 297x420
A4 210x297
A5 148x210
SHEET LAYOUT

SHEET SIZES, FOLDING OF THE DRAWINGS
• Border: 10 mm from the side

of the paper.
Paper size: A4 Paper size: above A4

Orientation: vertical / portrait Orientation: horizontal / landscape
Binding
margin
Final size
Frame
Title block Title block

TITLE BLOCK
• Contains information to exactly identify the drawing
– Drawing ID
– Material
– Drawing scale
– Projection method
– Designer
– etc...

TITLE BLOCK BME GT3
• Title block are also generally printed in the

bottom-right
• Homework titleblock is simplified
BME

DRAWING SCALE
Small objects are sometimes drawn larger than actual size,
while large components and assemblies of necessity are drawn
to a reduced size. A drawing should always state the scale used.
YOU HAVE TO SELECT A SUITABLE SCALE to use on a

standard drawing sheet and this will depend on the size of the
object to be drawn.
Remember that the. drawing must clearly show necessary
information and detail.
Local enlargement of a small area possible.
If it is possible, always use original scale!

DRAWING SCALE INTERPRETATION
M 1:2
In reality : On the drawing
Multipliers Original scale (full- Divisors
size)
50:1; 20:1; 10:1; 1:1 1:2; 1:5; 1:10; 1:20;
5:1; 2:1 1:50; 1:100
Remember the standard numbers: 1; 2; 5; 10; 20; 50; etc…

LETTERING NOTES
• Letter line width should be the 10th of the letter high
• „COVERING EFFECT” should be consistent
• The spaces between lines of lettering have to vary to reach
consistent coverage.
• Spacing and letter width may be reduced to fit captions
• All notes should be placed so that they may be read from
the same direction as the format of the drawing but there
are cases, for example when a long vertical object is
presented, where it may be necessary to turn the drawing
sheet through 90° in the clockwise direction, in effect, to
position the note which is then read from the right hand
side of the drawing sheet.

LETTERING
• The stroke thickness should be approximately

0.1 times the character height.
Text Letter size (mm)
Tolerances, some letters in the title block. 2.5
Parts item, Parts list, text on the drawing, dimensioning 3.5

numbers
Main texts in the title block: product, title, drawing no., 5
name.
Part numbers, section lettering. 7

LINE THICKNESS
• Two thicknesses of line are recommended for

manual and CAD drawings. A wide line and a
narrow line in the ratio of 2:1.
• Nonimal lineweights: 0.13; 0.18; 0.25; 0.35; 0.5;
0.7; 1.0; 1.4; 2.0.
• Line thicknesses of 0.7 and 0.35 are generally
used and will give good quality, black, dense and
contrasting lines.
• Some linepairs:
Narrow 0.13 0.18 0.25 (0.35) 0.5 0.7
Wide 0.35 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4

LINETYPES
Linetypes Example Where to use?

Continous wide line Contours, visible edges
Continous narrow
line Dimensions, hatching etc…
Continous zig-zag View interrupts, break-out

line (freehand line) limits
Dashed narrow line Hidden edges
Long dashed dotted
Centre lines, symmetry lines
narrow line
Long dashed double
dotted narrow line Endpositions, bending lines

LINETYPES

TYPES OF DIFFERENT MECHANICAL DRAWINGS
• The name of a different drawings refers to their

purpose, their details.
Mechanical drawings types: • packaging drawing,
• single-part drawing, • disposition drawing,
• assembly drawing, • network drawing,
• part-assembly drawing, • exploded drawing,
• combined detail and • etc..
assembly drawing,
• technological drawing,
• wiring/connection
layout/drawing,
• design layout drawing,

SINGLE-PART DRAWING
• A single-part drawing should supply the complete

detailed information to enable a component to
be manufactured without reference to other
sources.
• It should completely define shape or form and size,
and should contain a specification. The number of
views required depends on the degree of
complexity of the component. The drawing must be
fully dimensioned, including tolerances where
necessary, to show all sizes and locations of the
various features.

SINGLE-PART DRAWING
Drawing space
Frame
Title block

ASSEMBLY DRAWING
• Machines and mechanisms consist of numerous

parts, and a drawing which shows the complete
product with all its components in their correct
physical relationship is known as an assembly
drawing.
• The assembly drawing may also give other
information, including overall dimensions of size,
details of bolt sizes and centers where fixings
are necessary, weights required for shipping
purposes, operating details and instructions, and
also, perhaps, some data regarding the design
characteristics.
ASSEMBLY DRAWING
• Machines and mechanisms
consist of numerous parts, and a
drawing which shows the
complete product with all its
components in their correct
physical relationship is known
as an assembly drawing.
• Assembly drawing also give
further information, including
overall dimensions, details of
component relationships,
weights (required for shipping),
assembling and operating
details and instructions, and also,
perhaps, some data regarding the
design characteristics.
PARTS LIST
• The parts list, is the lists of the components, which are numbered.
The parts list will also contain information regarding the quantity
required of each component for the assembly, its individual single-part
drawing number (or the standard number), size, mass and material.
The numbering goes upward.
• Placed usually above the title block. But if there is not enough space, it
can be placed anywhere on the drawing. Can breaked in to pieces.
• There is a possibility to separate the part list from the drawing. Please
avoid it.

PART NUMBERS
• Part numbers (numbers with leader lines) are

used on assembly drawing indicate the position
of the component on the drawing.

COMBINED DETAIL AND ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
• It is a mixture of a single-
part mechanical drawing
and an assembly drawing.
It based on the assembly
drawing, but it contains the
necessary views and
sections, which are enough
to show and dimension all
parts of the assembly.
• This type of the drawings of
the base of the detailing.
• It has part list as well.
EXPLODED ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS
• Understanding of the various

component positions in an
assembly.
• Generally isometric projection is
used, so that each part will be
shown in three dimension like
position.
• Exploded views are important
when undertaking servicing and
maintenance work on all forms of
plant and appliances.

EXPLODED ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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Fundamentals of Machine Design

FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME)

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 1

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 2

Mechanical Engineering Faculty

Department of Machine and Product Design

•Mechanical Engineering Drawing

Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Drawing

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 5

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 7

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 9

– Learning the unique language of mechanical

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 10

– contact lessons: 2 hours lecture + 2 hours seminar/week,

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 11

All informations (schedule, conditions, homework,

• SWITCH TO hungarian language to access the registration

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 14

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 15

Topic Issue Submission

2nd Homework Drawing a threaded joint

4th Homework Detailing from assembly drawing

Reproducing manufacturing documentation of a

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 16

1. Go to the course website and download homework files

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 18

Practice work on the

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 19

• These together are the 1st homework. The submission

• ISSUE: 1st week, SUBMISSION: 4th week.

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 20

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 21

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 22

Copy to simple lines

Copy to simple lines

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 23

Buy paper folder

Print folder labeling

Apply glue to place it to the right place

Fill NAME and NEPTUN-CODE

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 24

INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING

• The text part encloses the description of the product, the

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 26

• The mechanical engineering drawing is a special way to

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 27

In first angle projection,

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 29

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 30

right view front view left view rear view

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 31

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 32

By mechanical drawings layouts a lot of things are

These are the following:

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 33

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 35

• Border: 10 mm from the side

Paper size: A4 Paper size: above A4

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 36

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 37

• Title block are also generally printed in the

Fundamentals of mechanical engineering drawing | LECTURE 1. | Dr. János P. Rádics © Slide: 38