Colegio de Muntinlupa: Nasc2011: Chemistry For Engineers (Laboratory) 1

COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA
Posadas Ave., Sucat, Muntinlupa City
NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

1st Semester, A.Y. 2020 - 2021
Water Analysis: Solids
Abstract
Natural waters contain varying amounts of impurity. Such

impurities are also carbonates, silica, sulfates, chlorides and
calcium nitrates in natural waters. The goal of this experiment
is to determine and measure the dissolved solids and suspended
solids through different methods in a water sample, while
developing a proper technique across the processes. And to
classify the ions that are present in a water sample's solids.
The water sample is filtered in this experiment using a filter
paper to eliminate the suspended solids present and is
evaporated to assess the dissolved solids. Total solids were
also measured by unfiltered water sample evaporation. The
results showed a substantial difference in the amount of solids
formed between unfiltered water and filtered water.
Keywords: water, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids,

total solids, ions
Page 1 of 14

Introduction
Water is very important to human, especially potable water

that we can drink every day. In order human can consume clean
and drinkable water, it undergoes processes where impurities
and bacteria present are being removed before distributing it
to water companies and being consumed by the consumers. The
researchers need to know the contents of the water so that
the treatment can be properly done and also to satisfactorily
removed the impurities. Experiments are being done to identify
the contents of the water. Identifying the Total Dissolved
Solids in a water is an important parameter for the potability
or safeness to drink the water sample and its other purposes.
Dissolved solids are mainly composed of carbonates,
bicarbonates, chlorides. Phosphates and nitrates of Calcium,
Magnesium, Sodium and other particles. (Siebert et al., 2010).
Without removing the dissolved solids in a water, it can cause
harmful effects to human because these solids reduce the
potability and provide an odd taste if you drink it.
Page 2 of 14

Materials and Methodology
• Weighing scale
• Petri dish
• Ashless filter papers
• Membrane filter holder
• Crucible
• Oven
• Vacuum pump
• Beaker
• Desiccator
• Pipette
• Muffle pot
• Muffle furnace
When you click on total solids in water file, a new window will
open as shown below, click on description text box to view the
definitions. Click on the NEXT button at the bottom right corner
to move to the next step.
Page 3 of 14

Click on graduated pipette, now click on lower and upper arrows

shown to take sample in beaker.
Click on crucible to place it in weighing machine, then petri

dish and filter paper to note down the empty weights of each.
Page 4 of 14

Click on filter paper to place it in the membrane filter and click on

beaker to pour 50ml of sample from top of filter slowly.
Click on pipe end to connect the filter to vacuum pump.
Page 5 of 14

Click on filter paper to take out the filter paper from the filter and
click on temperature set button to set oven temperature at 103°C
over night.
Click on crucible to collect the sample that passes through the

filter paper.
Page 6 of 14

Click to oven door, click on sample to keep it in oven and adjust the
temperature set button to to set oven temperature to 115°C over
night.
Click on Petri dish and crucible to take out from the hot air oven and
allow it cool in desiccator.
Page 7 of 14

Click on Petri dish and crucible to take it out from the

desiccator after it cools down, click on NEXT button.
Note down the final weight of the ash less filter paper and
final weight of the crucible.
Page 8 of 14

With the help of observation and formulas displayed calculate

the values of total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and
total solids then enter the value and click on CHECK to check
the results, then proceed with the further process.
Ignite the filter paper with the solids in a muffle pot at 600°C
in a muffle furnace.
Page 9 of 14

Take out the muffle pot from the desiccator and then note
down the weight of it.
With the help of observation and formulas displayed calculate

the values of fixed suspended solids and volatile suspended
solids and then check the results.
Page 10 of 14

Results and Discussion
The data shown below are gathered from the experiment in

which a water sample is heated, and the total dissolved
solids, total solids, and total suspended solids were
measured.
Page 11 of 14

The goal of this experiment is to determine and measure

the dissolved solids and suspended solids through different
methods in a water sample.
The researchers have a mass of 80 ml sample for both
water samples, the mass of crucible is 39.15 g while the mass
of petri dish is 17.20 g and the mass of filter paper is 1.34 g.
Page 12 of 14

After computing for the needed computations, it come up with

a volatile suspended solid of 125 mg/l and an average total
dissolved solid of 500 mg/L with a standard deviation of 176.78
and a relative standard deviation of 35.36%.
Conclusion
The researchers show this experiment on how the Total
Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Solids (TS), and Total Suspended
Solids (TSS) from a water sample can be determined by
heating the sample containing volatile solid material. It can be
concluded that the second sample with a 1125 mg/l can produce
much more solid (TS) than the first sample having a 625 mg/l
total solid. This is because the filter paper filters out volatile
solid material that results to a low amount of solid (TDS) as the
sample is heated.
Recommendation
The researchers recommend that to carefully clean all
containers and pre-wash all filters with deionized water prior
to use. As the procedure notes, you must heat filters to the
maximum temperature that you will use experimentally, before
filtering. Always completely mix your sample before removing
any solution/suspension and use the same balance for every
measurement. Even if the calibration on a balance is slightly
off, the change in weight will probably be accurate.
Page 13 of 14

References
Feist, P. (2009). Retrieved from

https://orgchemboulder.com/Technique/Procedures/Filtration
/Filtration.shtml.
Jaquez, D. (2017). Water analysis. Retrieved from

https://www.studocu.com/en/document/pace-
university/general-chemistry-i/mandatory-
assignments/chem-lab-report-3/1489586/view
Volatile Solids. Retrieved from

https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1154/volatilesolids
Magdaluyo, G.(2019). Water analysis. Retrieved from Exp 5 -

Water Analysis - CM011L Mapua University School of School of
Chemical Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
Chemistry for Engineers - StuDocu
Page 14 of 14

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COLEGIO DE MUNTINLUPA

Posadas Ave., Sucat, Muntinlupa City

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Water Analysis: Solids

Natural waters contain varying amounts of impurity. Such

Keywords: water, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids,

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Water is very important to human, especially potable water

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Materials and Methodology

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Click on graduated pipette, now click on lower and upper arrows

Click on crucible to place it in weighing machine, then petri

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Click on filter paper to place it in the membrane filter and click on

Click on pipe end to connect the filter to vacuum pump.

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Click on crucible to collect the sample that passes through the

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Click on Petri dish and crucible to take it out from the

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

With the help of observation and formulas displayed calculate

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

With the help of observation and formulas displayed calculate

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Results and Discussion

The data shown below are gathered from the experiment in

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

The goal of this experiment is to determine and measure

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

After computing for the needed computations, it come up with

NASC2011: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

Feist, P. (2009). Retrieved from

Jaquez, D. (2017). Water analysis. Retrieved from

Volatile Solids. Retrieved from

Magdaluyo, G.(2019). Water analysis. Retrieved from Exp 5 -

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