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Signals and Systems Lecture Notes 2 OTU
Signals and Systems Lecture Notes 2 OTU
3110U Signals and Systems
Lecture 2
Prof. Min Dong
Dept. of Electrical Computer and Software Engineering
Ontario Tech University
Fall 2019
2 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals
• Signal: a function of some variable (e.g. time, space)
May describe a wide variety of physical phenomena
Example of signals
Electrical: voltage v(t), current i(t)
Acoustic: audio, speech
Mechanical: force, velocity, position
3 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals
• Two different types of signals
Continuous‐Time (CT) Signal
Discrete‐Time (DT) Signal
4 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals: a function of some variable (e.g. time, space)
Signals
• Continuous‐time signals
Independent variable 𝑡 is a continuous variable
5 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals
• Discrete‐time signals
Independent variable 𝑛 is an integer
6 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals (CT DT)
7 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals
• Two different types of signals
Continuous‐time signal: 𝑥 𝑡 , ∞ 𝑡 ∞
Discrete‐time signal: 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑛 … , 2, 1,0,1,2, …
8 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Power and Energy
• Signal represents physical phenomena
• It is related to physical quantities capturing power and
energy in a system
Example: 1. transmit signal from antenna
9 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Energy of Signals
• Continuous‐time signal x(t)
10 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Energy of Signals
• Discrete‐time signal x[n]
11 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Energy of Signals
• Time‐averaged power
12 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signals
• First half of course
Study properties of CT and DT signals (and systems) in parallel
(Chapters 1‐2)
• Second half of course
Focus on CT signals for frequency domain analysis (Chapters
3,4,9)
• Frequency domain analysis for DT signals
ELEE 4420 Digital signal processing
• Other courses based on this course
Control: ELEE 3100U, ELEE 4150U
Communications: ELEE 3070U, ELEE3130U, ELEE 4420U, ELEE
4500, ELEE 4130
13 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
• Elementary signal transformations
Simple modification of independent variables – time axis
• Three types
1. Time Shifting
14 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
• DT:
15 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
• Time Scaling
16 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
• Time Reversal
17 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
Use all three transformations
𝑥 𝑡 →𝑦 𝑡 𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅
18 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
19 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
20 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019
Signal Transformation
DT Scaling
21 Copyright©2019, Min Dong, ELEE 3110U, Fall 2019