21st Century Literatures From The Philippines and The World

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
21st Century Literatures

from the Philippines and the
World
Quarter 2 – Module 2 Understanding and
Appreciating the
Literary Texts in Various Genres Across
National Literature and Cultures
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
i
21st Century Literatures from the Philippines and the
World Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Understanding and Appreciating the Literary Texts in
Various Genres Across National Literature and
Cultures
First Edition, 2020
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Cover page i
Copyright page ii
Table of Contents iv
SECOND QUARTER - MODULE 2

What I Need to Know 1
What Should I Expect 1
LESSON 1- Representative Texts and Authors from Asia, North America, Europe,
Latin America, and Africa
What I Know 3
What is it 4
What’s in 5
Assessment 14
What’s More 15
st
LESSON 2 - 21 Century Literature Genres and their Elements, Structures and
Traditions from Across the Globe
What I Know 19
What’s In 20
What is it 20
Assessment 27
What’s More 28
Additional Activities 29
What I Learned 29
LESSON 3 - Multimedia Skills in Interpreting Texts

What I Know 30
What is it 32
Assessment 33
What’s In 34
What’s More 36
LESSON 4 - ICT Skills in Literary Text Adaptation

What I Know 38
What is it 40
What’s In 42
LESSON 5 - Self - and /or Peer-Assessment

What’s in 45
What I Have Learned 51
REFERENCES 52
iii
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
This learning material contains concepts and activities that will help the
learner understand and appreciate literary genres, traditions and forms from different
national literature and cultures, namely, Asian, Anglo-American, European, Latin
American, and African. For the understanding and appreciation of national literatures
and cultures, a learner must first and foremost identify representative texts and
authors from the different regions of the world.
Moreover, this module aims to develop the ICT skills of the learners in
creating adaptations of some foreign and Philippine literary texts for creative
presentations with the use of multimedia platforms. It also hopes to equip the
learners with the most essential learning competencies contained in this module so
that they could acquire the necessary technical skills to accomplish the tasks.
This module has three parts. Part one (1) deals about multimedia forms and
skills of interpreting literary texts. Part two (2) deals on ICT skills in literary
adaptation. Part three (3) Self or Peer Assessment of Creative Adaptation with the
use of Rationalized Criteria
Every part of the module has mini-grammar integration to refresh the
learners with the basic grammar rules and writing activities utilizing pictures, videos
and PowerPoint presentations which have been proven as effective instructional
materials in improving the writing skills of the students.
WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT
After studying this module, the learners shall be able to:
1. write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts, applying a

reading approach, and doing an adaptation of these, require from the
learner the ability to identify representative texts and authors from Asia,
North America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa;
2. compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and their
elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe;
iv
LESSON I REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS AND AUTHORS FROM
ASIA, NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE, LATIN
AMERICA, AND AFRICA
Learning Competency: Identify representative texts and authors from Asia, North America,
Europe, Latin America, and Africa, EN12Lit-IIa-22 (4 hours).
At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. understand the nature of world literature;

2. enumerate representative texts and authors from Asia, North America,
Europe Latin America and Africa; and
3. appreciate the contribution of these authors and texts to world literature.
WHAT I KNOW
Recall what you learned about the literature of the world.

Where do these continental countries belong?
1.Japan 7. Egypt
2.Korea 8. Kenya
3.Colombia 9. Tanzania
4.Greece 10. China
5.Spain 11. Mexico
6.Portugal 12. USA
13. Haiku is an example of ___literature.

a. Chinese Literature b. Japanese Literature c. Indian literature
14. Mahabharata is an oldest epic of ___.

a. India b. America c. China
15. The book “One Thousand and One Nights or Arabian Nights” was originated in
___________.
a. Palestine b. China c. Saudi Arabia
16. An influential and sacred book of the Islams.
a. Bible b. Canterbury Tales c. Koran
17. “Shih Ching” is translated in English or sometimes as “The Book of Songs” or “The
Odes” was originated in ___.
a. China b. Japan c. Malaysia
18. Puritan Literature was a reflection of ___

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a. Filipino life b. Puritan life c. Japanese life
19. An influential book for Christians. It talks about Christianity.

a. Bible b. Canterbury Tales c. Koran
20. It refers to the literature that was written over a period of thousands of years, in a variety
of countries in Asia.
a. Asian literature
b. Latin American Literature
c. North American Literature
(Source: "World Literature. Literature in Different Countries. Academic Writing." Ozzz.org,

ozzz.org/world-literature/. Accessed 11 May 2020.)
WHAT IS IT
What is World Literature?

World literature is the totality of all national literatures. The formation of literature in
different countries happened not at the same time, which is connected with the emergence
of writing and artistic creativity. Each nation`s literature has its own artistic and national
features. World literature is very important for the studying, still the literature of one country
develops together with other national literatures. They enrich each other borrowing certain
literary elements. There are a lot of scientific works on world literature, which explain the
peculiarities of this phenomenon. As a concept, world literature emerged only in the 19th
century when the literary connections of different countries had spread and strengthened.
The term “world literature” was introduced by Jogann Wolfgang von Goethe. He used the
word “Weltliteratur” in 1827. Goethe studied the characteristic features and interrelationships
of different national literatures, the tendencies of their development and their achievements.
He studied the works of famous writers which presented different literary phenomena of
different historic periods.
He claimed that literature shouldn`t be restrained by national boundaries. In 1894

the world saw the first book about world literature – “The History of World Literature”. The
world literature emerged because of the development of global economic and cultural
relations. This global literary process was also caused by the rapid development of national
literatures. In the history of world literature, we define several stages of its development such
as the literature of Bronze Age, Classical Literature, Early Medieval Literature, Medieval
Literature, Early Modern and Modern Literature.
World literature is the cultural heritage of all humanity. It is essential to study world
literature as it helps us understand the life of different people from all over the world, forms
our world-outlook and acquaints us with the masterpieces of literature.
2
In your notebook, explain in three (3) sentences what the statement ‘World
literature is the cultural heritage of all humanity’ means to you.
WHAT’S IN
It’s time for a ‘Brainergizer’! Before you get to know some awesome authors
from the different parts of the world, let’s first test your knowledge through this true or
false trivia game. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false. You can write
your answers in your notebook. Be sure to not ask Mr. Google while doing this
activity.
1. The language of the Rom, or Gypsy, people comes from India.
2. English is related to German.
3. The poet W. B. Yeats was from England.
4. Kenyan author Ngugi wa Thiong’o always writes in English.
5. The Sound and the Fury is a sonnet by William Shakespeare.
6. No South African has won a Nobel Prize in literature.
7. The words chortle and galumph were both invented by Lewis Carroll.
8. The Brothers Grimm, authors of fairy tales such as “Hansel and Gretel,” were
from Germany.
9. Jeppe Aakjær was a noted Danish explorer.
10. Agatha Christie wrote only novels.
How well did you do in this trivia game?

Now let us get to know some representative authors from different regions in
the world and their works.
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SOME NOTABLE WRITERS IN ASIA
Tan Twan Eng
Tan Twan Eng was born in Penang and lived in various

places in Malaysia as a child. He studied law at the
University of London and later worked as lawyer in one of
Kuala Lumpur’s most reputable law firms; in 2016, he was
an International Writer-in-Residence at Nanyang
Technological University in Singapore. Tan's first novel,
The Gift of Rain (2007), was longlisted for the Man Booker
Prize and has been translated into Italian, Spanish, Greek,
Romanian, Czech and Serbian. The Garden of Evening
Mists (2011), his second novel, won the Man Asian
Literary Prize and Walter Scott Prize, and was shortlisted
for the Man Booker Prize and the International IMPAC
Dublin Literary Award.
Musharraf Ali Farooqi
Musharraf Ali Farooqi is a critically acclaimed Pakistani

author, novelist and translator.
His novel "Between Clay and Dust" was shortlisted for The
Man Asian Literary Prize 2012 and longlisted for the 2013
DSC Prize for South Asian Literature. Farooqi's second
novel "The Story of a Widow" was shortlisted for the DSC
Prize for South Asian Literature 2011, and longlisted for
the 2010 IMPAC-Dublin Literary Award.
His most recent children's fiction is the novel "Tik-Tik, The
Master of Time" Pakistan's first English language novel for
children. His other works for children includes the picture
book "The Cobbler's Holiday or Why Ants Don't Wear
Shoes" and the collection "The Amazing Moustaches of
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Mocchhander the Iron Man and Other Stories" which was
shortlisted for the India ComicCon award in the Best
Publication for Children category.
He is also the author of the critically acclaimed translations
of Urdu classics "The Adventures of Amir Hamza" and the
first book of a projected 24-volume magical fantasy epic
"Hoshruba".
Jeet Thayil
Jeet Thayil (born 1959 in Kerala) is an Indian poet,

novelist, librettist and musician. He is best known as a
poet and is the author of four collections: These Errors Are
Correct (Tranquebar, 2008), English (2004, Penguin India,
Rattapallax Press, New York, 2004), Apocalypso (Ark,
1997) and Gemini (Viking Penguin, 1992). His first novel,
Narcopolis, (Faber & Faber, 2012), was shortlisted for the
2012 Man Booker Prize and the Hindu Literary Prize 2013
Kim Thúy
Kim Thúy arrived in Canada in 1979, at the age of ten. She

has worked as a seamstress, interpreter, lawyer and
restaurant owner. She currently lives in Montreal where
she devotes herself to writing.
Her debut novel Ru won the Governor General's Award for
French language fiction at the 2010 Governor General's
Awards. An English edition, translated by Sheila
Fischman, was published in 2012 and was a shortlisted
nominee for the 2012 Scotiabank Giller Prize.
Thúy spent her early childhood in Vietnam before fleeing
with her parents as boat people and settling in the
Montreal suburb of Longueuil. She has degrees in law,
linguistics and translation from the Université de Montréal.
Nayomi Munaweera
Nayomi Munaweera’s debut novel, “Island of a Thousand

Mirror” was long-listed for the Man Asia Literary Prize and
the Dublin IMPAC Prize. It won the Commonwealth
Regional Prize for Asia and was short-listed for the
Northern California Book Award. Publishers Weekly wrote,
Munaweeras lyrical debut novel is worthy of shelving
alongside her countryman Michael Ondaatje or her fellow
writer of the multigenerational immigrant experience,
Jhumpa Lahiri. The New York Times Book review called
the novel, incandescent.
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Nayomi’s second novel, “What Lies Between Us” was
released in February 2016 and had received accolades as
one of 2016s most anticipated books.
NORTH AMERICA
Jonathan Safran Foer
Jonathan Safran Foer is the author of two bestselling,

award-winning novels, “Everything Is Illuminated and
Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close”, and a bestselling
work of nonfiction, “Eating Animals”. He lives in Brooklyn,
New York.
Sara Gruen
Sara Gruen is the #1 New York Times and USA Today

bestselling author of five novels: “At The Water’s Edge”,
“Ape House”, “Water for Elephants”, “Riding Lessons”, and
“Flying Changes”. Her works have been translated into
forty-three languages, and have sold more than ten million
copies worldwide. WATER FOR ELEPHANTS was
adapted into a major motion picture starring Reese
Witherspoon, Rob Pattinson, and Christoph Waltz in 2011.
Margaret Atwood
Canadian author Margaret Atwood has numerous critically

acclaimed novels to her credit. Some of her best-selling
titles are "Oryx and Crake" (2003), "The Handmaid's Tale"
(1986), and "The Blind Assassin" (2000). She is best
known for her feminist and dystopian political themes, and
her prolific output of work spans multiple genres, including
poetry, short stories, and essays. She distinguishes her
"speculative fiction" from science fiction because "science
fiction has monsters and spaceships; speculative fiction
could really happen."
Valeria Luiselli
Award winning, translated into numerous languages,

Luiselli’s playful, mesmeric novels, have pushed the
boundaries of distortion between the real and the imagined.
Works such as “Faces In The Crowd” (2012) and “The Story
Of My Teeth” (2015) have seen her cast as one of the bright
lights of contemporary Mexican fiction, and her collection of
non-fiction essays, “Sidewalks” (2013), demonstrates the
versatility and deft touch of an interesting new literary talent.
6
Carmen Boullosa
Poet, playwright, and novelist, Carmen Boullosa’s

thoughtful and eclectic works such as “Leaving Tabasco”
(2001), and “Texas: The Great Theft” (2014), have
cemented the reputation of a writer considered to be
reaching the height of her powers. Weaving through a
wide range of topics, and eras, Boullosa’s imaginative
power and craft have allowed her to jump from one project
to another, without being typecast or pigeon holed.
EUROPE
Ian McEwan
British writer Ian McEwan started winning literary awards

with his first book, a collection of short stories, "First Love,
Last Rites" (1976) and never stopped. "Atonement" (2001),
a family drama focused on repentance, won several
awards and was made into a movie directed by Joe Wright
(2007). "Saturday" (2005) won the James Tait Black
Memorial Prize. His work often focuses on closely
observed personal lives in a politically fraught world.
David Mitchell
English novelist is known for his frequent use of intricate

and complex experimental structure in his work. In his first
novel, "Ghostwritten" (1999), he uses nine narrators to tell
the story, and 2004's "Cloud Atlas" is a novel comprising
six interconnected stories. Mitchell won the John Llewellyn
Rhys Prize for "Ghostwritten," was shortlisted for the
Booker Prize for "number9dream" (2001), and was on the
Booker longlist for "The Bone Clocks" (2014).
Zadie Smith
Literary critic James Wood coined the term "hysterical

realism" in 2000 to describe Zadie Smith's hugely
successful debut novel, "White Teeth," which Smith
agreed was a "painfully accurate term for the sort of
overblown, manic prose to be found in novels like my own
'White Teeth.'" The British novelist and essayist's third
novel, "On Beauty," was shortlisted for the Booker Prize
and won the 2006 Orange Prize for Fiction. Her 2012
novel "NW" was shortlisted for the Ondaatje Prize and the
Women's Prize for Fiction. Her works often deal with race
and the immigrant's postcolonial experience.
7
Delphine de Vigan
Delphine de Vigan is an award-winning French novelist.

She has published several novels for adults. Her
breakthrough work was the book “No et moi” (No and Me)
that was awarded the Prix des Libraires (The Booksellers'
Prize) in France in 2008.
In 2011, she published a novel “Rien ne s'oppose a la nuit”
(Nothing holds back the night) that deals with a family
coping with their mother's bipolar disorder. In her native
France, the novel brought her a set of awards, including
the prix du roman Fnac (the prize given by the Fnac
bookstores) and the prix Renaudot des lycéens.
Michel Houellebecq
Michel Houellebecq (born Michel Thomas), on the French

island of Réunion, is a controversial and award-winning
French novelist. To admirers he is a writer in the tradition
of literary provocation that reaches back to the Marquis de
Sade and Baudelaire; to detractors he is a peddler, who
writes vulgar sleazy literature to shock. His works though,
particularly Atomised, have received high praise from the
French literary intelligentsia, with generally positive
international critical response. Having written poetry and a
biography of the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft, he brought
out his first novel “Extension du domaine de la lute” in
1994. “Les particules élémentaires” followed in 1998 and
“Plateforme”, in 2001. After a disastrous publicity tour for
this book, which led to his being taken to court for inciting
racial hatred, he went to Ireland to write. He currently
resides in France, where he has been described as
"France’s biggest literary export and, some say, greatest
living writer". In 2010 he published “La Carte et le
Territoire” (published the same year in English as The Map
and the Territory) which won the prestigious Prix Goncourt;
and, in 2015, Submission.
LATIN AMERICA
Isabel Allende
Isabel Allende Llona is a Chilean-American novelist.

Allende, who writes in the "magic realism" tradition, is
considered one of the first successful women novelists in
Latin America. She has written novels based in part on her
own experiences, often focusing on the experiences of
women, weaving myth and realism together. Her best-
known works include the novels “The House of the Spirits
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and City of the Beasts”. She has written over 20 books that
have been translated into more than 35 languages and
sold more than 67 million copies.
Gabriel García Márquez
Gabriel García Márquez (1927 to 2014) was a Colombian

writer, associated with the Magical Realism genre of
narrative fiction and credited with reinvigorating Latin
American writing. He won the Nobel prize for literature in
1982, for a body of work that included novels such as "100
Years of Solitude" and "Love in the Time of Cholera."
Mario Vargas Llosa
Mario Vargas Llosa is Peru's foremost author and the

winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1994 he
was awarded the Cervantes Prize, the Spanish-speaking
world's most distinguished literary honor, and in 1995 he
won the Jerusalem Prize. His many distinguished works
include “The Storyteller”, “The Feast of the Goat”, “Aunt
Julia and the Scriptwriter”, “Death in the Andes”, “In Praise
of the Stepmother”, “The Bad Girl”, “Conversation in the
Cathedral”, “The Way to Paradise”, and “The War of the
End of the World”. He lives in London.
National Book Critics Circle Awards Winner.
Patricio Pron
Patricio Pron, born in 1975, is the author of seven novels

and six story collections, and he also works as a translator
and critic. His fiction has appeared in Granta, Zoetrope:
All-Story, and The Paris Review, and he has received
numerous prizes, including the Alfaguara Prize, the Juan
Rulfo Prize, the Premio Literario Jaén de Novela award,
and the 2008 José Manuel Lara Foundation Award for one
of the five best works published in Spain that year. He was
named one of the best young Spanish-language novelists
by Granta in 2010. His latest novel, “My Fathers’ Ghost Is
Climbing in the Rain”, was recently published in Vintage
paperback.
Rodrigo Hasbún
Rodrigo Hasbún is a Bolivian novelist living and working in

Houston, Texas. In 2007, he was selected by the Hay
Festival as one of the best Latin American writers under the
age of thirty-nine for Bogotá39, and in 2010 he was named
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one of Grantas Best Young Spanish-Language Novelists.
He is the author of three novels, a volume of personal
essays, and three collections of short stories, two of which
have been made into films. His work has appeared in
Granta, McSweeneys, Zoetrope: All-Story, Words Without
Borders, and elsewhere. Affections received an English
PEN Award and has been published in twelve languages.
AFRICA
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie grew up in Nigeria.

Her work has been translated into over thirty languages and
has appeared in various publications, including The New
Yorker, Granta, The O. Henry Prize Stories, the Financial
Times, and Zoetrope. She is the author of the novels “Purple
Hibiscus”, which won the Commonwealth Writers Prize and
the Hurston/Wright Legacy Award; “Half of a Yellow Sun”,
which won the Orange Prize and was a National Book Critics
Circle Award Finalist and a New York Times Notable Book;
and “Americanah”, which won the National Book Critics
Circle Award and was named one of The New York Times
Top Ten Best Books of 2013. Ms. Adichie is also the author
of the story collection “The Thing Around Your Neck”.
Aminatta Forna
Born in Glasgow but raised in Sierra Leone, Aminatta Forna

first drew attention for her memoir “The Devil That Danced on
Water” (2003), an extraordinarily brave account of her
family’s experiences living in war-torn Sierra Leone, and in
particular her father’s tragic fate as a political dissident.
Forna has gone on to write several novels, each of them
critically acclaimed: her work “The Memory of Love” (2010)
juxtaposes personal stories of love and loss within the wider
context of the devastation of the Sierre Leone civil war,and
was nominated for the Orange Prize for Fiction.
Nadine Gordimer
One of the apartheid era’s most prolific writers, Nadine

Gordimer’s works powerfully explore social, moral, and racial
issues in a South Africa under apartheid rule. Despite
winning a Nobel Prize in Literature for her prodigious skills in
portraying a society interwoven with racial tensions,
Gordimer’s most famous and controversial works were
banned from South Africa for daring to speak out against
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the oppressive governmental structures of the time. Her
novel “Burger’s Daughter” follows the struggles of a group
of anti-apartheid activists, and was read in secret by
Nelson Mandela during his time on Robben Island.
Alain Mabanckou
Alain Mabanckou was born in 1966 in Congo-Brazzaville

(French Congo). He currently resides in Los Angeles, where
he teaches literature at UCLA, having previously spent four
years at the University of Michigan. Mabanckou will be a
Fellow in the Humanities Council at Princeton University in
2007-2008. One of Francophone Africa's most prolific
contemporary writers, he is the author of six volumes of
poetry and six novels. He received the Sub-Saharan Africa
Literary Prize in 1999 for his first novel, “Blue-White-Red”,
“The Prize of the Five Francophone Continents for Broken
Glass”, and the “Prix Renaudot” in 2006 for “Memoirs of a
Porcupine”. He was selected by the French publishing trade
journal Lire as one of the fifty writers to watch out for in the
coming century. His most recent book is “African Psycho”.
Ben Okri
Poet and novelist Ben Okri was born in 1959 in Minna,

Northern Nigeria, to an Igbo mother and Urhobo father. He
grew up in London before returning to Nigeria with his
family in 1968. Much of his early fiction explores the
political violence that he witnessed at first hand during the
civil war in Nigeria.
In 1991 Okri was awarded the Booker Prize for Fiction for his
novel “The Famished Road” (1991). Set in a Nigerian village,
this is the first in a trilogy of novels which tell the story of
Azaro, a spirit child. Azaro's narrative is continued in “Songs
of Enchantment” (1993) and “Infinite Riches” (1998). Other
recent fiction includes “Astonishing the Gods”
(1995) and “Dangerous Love” (1996), which was awarded
the Premio Palmi (Italy) in 2000. His latest novels are “In
Arcadia” (2002) and “Starbook” (2007).
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ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Match the descriptions in Column A with the corresponding author in Column
B. Write the letter with the correct answer in your notebook.
Column A Colum B
1. One of the apartheid era’s most a. Isabel Allende

prolific writers whose works include b. Aminatta Forna
“Burger’s Daughter”. c. Patricio Pron
d. Alain Mabanckou
2. Name one of the best young e. Gabriel García Márquez
Spanish-language novelists by Granta f. Valerie Luiselli
in 2010 whose latest novel, “My g. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Fathers’ Ghost Is Climbing in the Rain”. h. Margaret Atwood
i. Musharraf Ali Farooqi
3. Award winning author whose novels, j. Nadine Gordimer
have pushed the boundaries of k. Mario Vargas Llosa
distortion between the real and the
imagined. Works such as “Faces in
The Crowd” (2012) and “The Story of
My Teeth” (2015).
4. A critically acclaimed Pakistani

author whose novel "Between Clay
and Dust" was shortlisted for The Man
Asian Literary Prize 2012 and
longlisted for the 2013 DSC Prize for
South Asian Literature.
5. First drew attention for the memoir
“The Devil That Danced on Water”
(2003), an extraordinarily brave
account of family’s experiences living
in war-torn Sierra Leone.
6. The author of the novels “Purple
Hibiscus”, Which won the
Commonwealth Writers Prize and the
Hurston/Wright Legacy Award.
7. Best known for feminist and

dystopian political themes, whose best-
selling works include “Oryx and
12
Crake” (2003) and “The Blind
Assassin” (2000).
8. Won the Nobel prize for literature in

1982, for a body of work that included
novels such as "100 Years of Solitude"
and "Love in the Time of Cholera".
9. Best known for works such as the

novels “The House of the Spirits” and
“City of the Beasts”.
10. Peru's foremost author and the

winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize in
Literature whose many distinguished
works include “The Storyteller” and “The
Feast of the Goat”.
WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1
You are a freelance blogger in an online literary magazine. You need to write a 500-
word feature article on a contemporary (21st century) author from outside your country. Do
an online search on a noteworthy writer and his or her contribution to the society relative to
his/her work. You may choose someone from the list of authors in the table above, but you
are not limited to that list. It may also be nice to write about an author who has a little online
presence, but have made significant impact to the lives of his/her readers. Make sure that
your feature provides the following information: background of the author, a short overview
of the authors literary works (books, online or print publications, etc.), a short sampling of the
authors work/s together with your
commentary. End the article by highlighting what are the author’s contribution to
contemporary literature where you can include his/her causes or advocacies based on the
common themes found in his/her work.
(Note: Write this activity in your notebook. You may also publish this online.)
RUBRIC FOR WRITING COMPOSITION
Performance Very Good Good Needs

Areas 10-8 7-5 Improvement
4-1
Article has specific Central idea is Unable to find
central idea that is vague; non- specific supporting
clearly stated in the supportive to the details
Content
opening paragraph, topic; lacks focus
appropriate,
concrete details.
13
Article is logically Writing somewhat Central point and
organized and well- digresses from the flow of article is
Organization structured central idea lost; lacks
organization and
continuity
Cited research Some research of the Did little or no
information, topic was done but gathering of
introduced personal was inconclusive to information on the
Research
ideas to enhance support topic; cited topic, did not cite
Article information was information
cohesiveness vague
Writing is smooth, Sentences are varied Lacks creativity and
coherent and and inconsistent with focus. Unrelated
Style
consistent central idea word choice to
central idea
Written work has Written work is Written article has
no errors in word relatively free of several errors in
selection and use errors in word word selection and
sentence structure, selection and use, use.
Mechanics
spelling, sentence structure,
punctuation, and spelling, punctuation
capitalization and capitalization
(some have errors)
Congratulations! You have made it through the first lesson. If you wanna know your score
in the Brainergizer, check out the answers and the explanation below.
1. The language of the Rom, or Gypsy, people comes from India.

Answer: True
Romany is an Indo-Aryan language. The Rom, or Gypsy, people migrated from

India about a thousand years ago.
2. English is related to German.

Answer: True
German, English, and even Hindi are all part of a great family of languages
called Indo-European. They descended from a common ancestor many
thousands of years ago.
3. The poet W. B. Yeats was from England.

Answer: False
William Butler Yeats, famed as the poet of “Easter, 1916” and “The Second
Coming,” was born in Dublin, Ireland, and spent his life in that country.
14
4. Kenyan author Ngugi wa Thiong’o always writes in English.
Answer: False
Ngugi wa Thiongo has written in English, but he began to write only in his
native Kikuyu in the 1990s. His 2004 novel “Wizard of the Crow” was written in
Kikuyu and then translated into English.
5. The “Sound and the Fury” is a sonnet by William Shakespeare.

Answer: False
The Sound and the Fury (1929) is a novel by American writer William Faulkner.
Its title is a quote from a monologue in Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
6. No South African has won a Nobel Prize in literature.

Answer: False
In 1991 the novelist and short-story writer Nadine Gordimer became the first
South African to win the Nobel Prize for literature. J. M. Coetzee won in 2003.
7. The words chortle and galumph were both invented by Lewis Carroll.
Answer: True
Chortle and galumph were first used in Carroll’s 1871 nonsense poem
“Jabberwocky”. They are both portmanteau words—that is, new words made up
by combining parts of other words.
8. The Brothers Grimm, authors of fairy tales such as “Hansel and Gretel,” were from
Germany.
Answer: True
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were German academics who collected fairy tales,
among them “Hansel and Gretel” and “Snow White.”
9. Jeppe Aakjær was a noted Danish explorer.

Answer: False
A poet and novelist, Jeppe Aakjær (1866–1930) was a leading exponent of

Danish regional literature. He also promoted the literature of social
consciousness
10. Agatha Christie wrote only novels.

Answer: False
Agatha Christie wrote many novels but also wrote plays. The latter include The
“Mousetrap” (1952), which set a world record for the longest continuous run at
one theater, and “Witness for the Prosecution” (1953; film, 1957).
15
LESSON 2 21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES AND
THEIR ELE MENTS, STRUCTURES AND TRADITIONS
Learning Competency: Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and
their elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe, EN12Lit-IId-25 (2 hours).
1. define what literary genre is;

2. identify various 21st century literary genres common across the globe; and
3. compare and contrast the 21st century literature genres and their elements,
structures and traditions from across the globe.
WHAT I KNOW
INSTRUCTIONS: Read and answer the following statements. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1.What is a genre?
a. a type of recipe c. a gendered story
b. a category of literature d. a rhyming poem
2.Which of the following is not a main genre of literature?

a. poetry b. drama c. myth d. prose
3. Which of the following does not have genres?
a. poetry b. sonnets c. hairstyles d. movie
4. How is style related to genre?

a. Genres are not related to styles
b. A genre is a type of style c. A style is a type of genre
d. Genres are characterized by different
styles
*generated from https://literaryterms.net/genre-quiz/
16
WHAT’S IN
List down your top 3 favorite movies or books and decide on what genre they belong.
You can write down your responses in your notebook.
1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
WHAT IS IT
To move on with this lesson, let us unlock important terms:
• 21st century literature - refers to all literary works written and published at the latter
part of the 21st century (from 2001 onwards). These works are often characterized
as gender sensitive, technologically alluding, culturally pluralistic, operates on the
extreme reality or extreme fiction, and questions conventions and supposedly
absolute norms. - SHS Curriculum Guide, 21st Century Literature of the Philippines
and the World
literary genre - is a category of literary composition. Genres may be determined by

literary technique, tone, content, or even (as in the case of fiction) length. The
distinctions between genres and categories are flexible and loosely defined,
often with subgroups.
The most general genres in literature are (in loose chronological order)
epic, tragedy, comedy, and creative nonfiction. They can all be in the form of
prose or poetry. Additionally, a genre such as satire, allegory or pastoral might
appear in any of the above, not only as a sub-genre, but as a mixture of genres.
Finally, they are defined by the general cultural movement of the historical
period in which they were composed. Genre should not be confused with age
categories, by which literature may be classified as either adult, young-adult, or
children's. They also must not be confused with format, such as graphic novel or
picture book. -SHS Curriculum Guide, 21st Century Literature of the Philippines and
the World
Genre, in broad terms, refers to any works that share certain

characteristics. If enough characteristics are in common, then the pieces are said to
be in the same genre.
17
21st Century Literary Genres, Traditions and Forms from Different Cultures
• Contemporary literature
- Reflects current trends in life and culture and because these things change
often, contemporary literature changes often as well.
- Reflects author's perspective and can be cynical.
- Questions facts, historical perspectives and presents 2 contradictory
arguments side by side
Contemporary literature began in the 1940s or so. A few of its qualities:
- Reality-based stories with strong characters and a believable story;
- Well-defined, realistic, highly developed characters in realistic, sometimes
harsh environments;
- Often the stories are character driven;
- The literature is ironic and reflects current political, social and personal
issues;
- May reflect a personal cynicism, disillusionment and frustration;
- Facts are questioned as are historical perspectives;
- Often presents two contradictory arguments;
- The literature may reflect a growing skepticism in the existence of God as well
as distrust or lack of faith in traditional institutions
• The 2000s
- Saw a steep increase in the acceptability of literature of all types, inspired by

the coming of age of millions of people who enjoyed the work of writers of
speculative fiction
- Speculative fiction - an umbrella term encompassing the more fantastical

fiction genres, specifically science fiction, fantasy, horror, weird fiction,
supernatural fiction, superhero fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction,
apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, and alternate history in literature as
well as related static, motion, and virtual arts. - SHS Curriculum Guide, 21st
Century Literature of the Philippines and the World
• Chinese literature
- Affected by the impact of the Internet, which has become an important

medium for the dissemination of politically sensitive works.
- Resurgence of science fantasy not seen since the late Qing dynasty
- No epics of either folk or literary variety and hardly any narrative or
descriptive poems that are long by the standards of the world literature
Sinophone literature- Redefines Chinese literature as a field determined by

language rather than purely by geography
Modern Chinese poetry- Depends on end rhyme and tonal metre for its
cadence and characterized by its compactness and brevity
18
● Japanese literature
- Marked by a strong and intentional break with tradition and the nation-
centered and group orientation values.
- This break included:
A strong reaction against established religious, political, and social
views.
- Feminism, individualism, internationalism, liberalism, and proletarian
emerged during this period
- Concerned with the subconscious.
- New literary forms and style like:
A novel in 1st POV is written like an autobiographical confessional type of
narration
• Indian Literature
- Simultaneous co-existence of the postcolonial state apparatuses with an

ideology which was: Liberal and Humanist, seen in the areas of public life like
the academic scene
Realism- Outcome of the creation of a reading public which was trying to construct
an identity in the context of the anti-colonial struggles and nation-building.
- This combined liberal-reformist ideology with an affirmation of an 'Indian'

cultural specificity.
- This concept however was middle-class and Hindu
The realist novel- Its focus on growth and individual freedom is transformed in the
Indian context with the economic conditions of uneven capitalism
Basis for Realism- The economic: seen the existence of capitalist exploitation
-Political; and
-Social conditions
• African literature
- Distinct influence from African current events and recent history.

- Themes:
-Post imperialism
-Cultural upheaval
-Violence
These are topics present in previous centuries which are still very much relevant in modern
day African nations.
African poetry- This a form of protest.
- Theorists describe it as having a post-colonial viewpoint, referring to:

The period after European nations tried to govern African nation
19
Africa's modern history- It is Influenced by neocolonialism, cultural change, and
clashes between political parties and religious ideologies
Modern African writer- Look away from the internal, individual struggle and instead
shift the focus to the: Struggles of African nations still trying to develop after gaining
independence from European imperialism
-economic struggles of the people
-divisions of classes
-and various other conflicts that modern day African nations face
• American literature
- Concerned with relationships and connections between people and

emotion-provoking storytelling is common.
The value of media in culture is changing the way this movement is
perceived
- Diversity and acceptance
- Address universal themes seen through the eyes of their culture
- juxtaposition of the ordinary with magical elements

- Fantastic elements are interwoven into realistic fiction
• English Literature
- As the 21st century got underway, history remained the outstanding concern
of English literature. Although contemporary issues such as global warming
and international conflicts (especially the Second Persian Gulf War and its
aftermath) received attention, writers were still more disposed to look back.
- Although they had entered into a new millennium, writers seemed to find
greater imaginative stimulus in the past than in the present and the future.
Most Notable Literary Genres in the 21st Century
a. Poetry - It is a type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a

story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words. Poems can be structured, with
rhyming lines and meter, the rhythm and emphasis of a line based on syllabic beats.
Poems can also be freeform, which follows no formal structure. It is further

subdivided into different genres, such an epic poem, narrative, romantic, dramatic,
and lyric. Dramatic poetry includes melodrama, tragedy, and comedy, while other
poems includes ode, sonnet, elegy, ballad, song, and epic.
20
Poetry today is usually written down but is still sometimes performed.
i. Hyperpoetry – It is a form of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext

mark-up. It is a very visual form, and is related to hypertext fiction and visual
arts. The links mean that a hypertext poem has no set order, the poem
moving or being generated in response to the links that the reader/user
chooses. It can either involve set words, phrases, lines, etc. that are
presented in variable order but sit on the page much as traditional poetry
does, or it can contain parts of the poem that move and /or mutate. It is
usually found online, though CD-ROM and diskette versions exist. The
earliest examples date to no later than the mid 1980s.
ii. Spoken word poetry – It can be described as poetry that is written to be

performed. Spoken word utilizes concrete language, word play, and rhythm to tell
stories. Through the use of vivid imagery, the listener is able to “feel” the words as
they are being spoken. Many literary devices, like metaphor, can be used to help the
audience visualize the story. And although the stories may be humorous, serious,
sad, or painful, they remain true to the emotion of the speaker. Some pieces may
lack a definite beginning, middle, or end, but it may be in that absence that the
audience finds something to relate to.
The beautiful thing about spoken word is that a person is allowed to

give his or her perspective on a certain topic without fear of debate. It is an
open display of the soul. With this medium, an individual is able to express
feelings of anger and grief about current events, and the audience is given a
front row seat to the inner workings of the artist’s mind. Spoken word pieces
can involve any life experience from losing a first tooth to losing one’s virginity
to losing one’s child. The range is endless.
b. Drama- It is the genre of literature with stories composed of verse or prose which is
meant to be dramatically or theatrically performed. Its emotions and conflicts are
expressed through dialogue and movements or action.
c. Blog - A weblog: a website containing short articles called posts that are changed
regularly. Some blogs are written by one person containing their own opinions,
interests and experiences, while others are written by many different people.
d. Creative nonfiction – it is also known as literary nonfiction or narrative nonfiction. It

is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually
accurate narratives. Creative nonfiction contrasts with other nonfiction, such as
technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact, but is not
primarily written in service to its craft. As a genre, creative nonfiction is still relatively
young, and is only beginning to be scrutinized with the same critical analysis given to
fiction and poetry.
e. Fiction- It is a literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it
may be based on a true story or situation.
21
i. Short story – It is a brief fictional prose narrative that is shorter than a novel
and that usually deals with only a few characters. The short story is usually
concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few significant
episodes or scenes. The form encourages economy of setting, concise
narrative, and the omission of a complex plot; character is disclosed in action
and dramatic encounter but is seldom fully developed. Despite its relatively
limited scope, though, a short story is often judged by its ability to provide a
“complete” or satisfying treatment of its characters and subject.
ii. Chick-lit – It is a genre which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often

humorously and light-heartedly. The genre became popular in the late 1990s,
with chick-lit titles topping best seller lists and the creation of imprints devoted
entirely to chick-lit. Although it sometimes includes romantic elements, chick-
lit is generally not considered a direct subcategory of the romance novel
genre, because the heroine's relationship with her family or friends is often
just as important as her romantic relationships.
iii. Illustrated novel – It is a story through text and illustrated novels.
iv. Digi-fiction – It is a triple media literature. It combines three media: book,

movie/video and internet website.
v. Graphic novels – These are narratives in comic book formats.
vi. Manga – This is a Japanese word for comics

Example: Naruto, Bleach, One Piece
vii. Doodle Fiction – It is a literary presentation where the author incorporates

doodle writing and drawings, and handwritten graphics in place of traditional
font.
Example: Diary of a Wimpy Kid
viii. Text-Talk Novels- These are stories that are told almost completely in
dialogue simulating social network exchanges.
ix. Flash fiction – This is a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity.
x. Six-word flash fiction – It is a flash fiction done in six words only.
xi. Speculative fiction – It is an umbrella term encompassing the more

fantastical fiction genres, specifically science fiction, fantasy, horror, weird
fiction, supernatural fiction, superhero fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction,
apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, and alternate history in literature as
well as related static, motion, and virtual arts.
22
a. Science fiction – It is a genre dealing with imaginative concepts
such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time
travel, faster than light travel, parallel universe and extraterrestrial
life.
Ex. The Hunger Games
b. Fantasy – It is a genre that concentrates on imaginary elements

(the fantastic). This can mean magic, the supernatural, alternate
worlds, superheroes, monsters, fairies, magical creatures,
mythological heroes—essentially, anything that an author can
imagine outside of reality.
f. Horror – It is a genre whose purpose is to create feelings of fear, dread,
repulsion, and terror in the audience—in other words, it develops an
atmosphere of horror.
ASSESSMENT
Instructions: Read each statement carefully. Then, write the letter with the correct
answer in your notebook.
1. A relatively new and popular type of contemporary world literature is the _____, which
uses illustrations and dialogue to create the story.
a. Graphic novel
b. Comic book
c. Memoir
d. Descriptive piece
2. One of the biggest thematic trends of contemporary world literature is _____, which seeks
to represent minorities, oppressed peoples, and people from non-Western countries.
a. Post-colonialism
b. Fiction
c. Realism
d. None of these
3. A major type of literature that makes use of imagery, figurative language, and sometimes
rhyme. Rather than paragraphs it is written in stanzas.
a. Drama
b. Informational
c. Poetry
d. Fiction
4. Fiction → Writing that contains true facts, & tells about real people, places, objects, etc.
a. True
b. False
5. Science Fiction → Fictional story that combines elements of fantasy and scientific facts.
Often set in the future.
a. True
b. False
6. It is a story through text and illustrated novels.

a. drama b. Illustrated novel c. Digi-fiction d. Blog
7. It a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity.

a. non-fiction b. fiction c. flash fiction
23
d. short story
24
8.It is a form of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext mark-up.
a. chick-lit b. spoken poetry c. drama d. hyperpoetry
9. It utilizes concrete language, word play, and rhythm to tell stories.

a. chick-lit b. spoken poetry c. drama d. Hyperpoetry
10. It is a genre which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and
light-heartedly.
a. chick-lit b. spoken poetry c. drama d. Hyperpoetry
WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1
Instructions: Choose from among the various literatures across the globe and accomplish
the Compare/Contrast Tower below by citing the similarities and differences in their literary
genres and their elements, structures, and traditions. Do this in your notebook.
Congratulations! You have made it through this lesson. You are now ready to go to the
next level.
25
26
27
LESSON 3
MULTIMEDIA SKILLS IN INTERPRETING TEXT
Learning Competency: Produce a creative representation of a literary text by applying

multimedia skills. (2 hrs.)
Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. identify various multimedia forms of interpreting a literary text;

2. recognize advantages of these multimedia forms; and
3. produce a creative presentation a literary text by applying multimedia skills.
WHAT I KNOW
Let us check your prior knowledge about this topic - multimedia.
Direction: Choose the letter with the correct answer. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. What is telemedicine?
a. Something that gives people access to the expertise of specialties in urban
hospitals through the use of multimedia and computer networks
b. A computer game that allows people to pretend to be doctors
c. A database that lists and explains all known medicines
d. An advertisement for the local grocery store's pharmacy
2. Every web page has its own ___________.

a. database connection
b. personal search engine
c. animation scheme
d. URL
3. What is computer-based training?

a. A video game
b. A method of training a computer to reject viruses
c. A method of education that allows people to learn at their own pace, using
specially designed interactive software
d. A method of training the computer to perform routine tasks
4. What does ISP stand for?
a. International Service Protocol
b. Internal Services and Protection
c. Internet Service Provider
d. Internet Search Program
28
5. What three important events combined to create the Internet we recognize today?
a. The end of World War II, the beginning of the Cold War, and the
development of nuclear weapons
b. The arrival of the first mass-produced personal computers, the World Wide Web,
and the development of browser software
c. The creating of the ballpoint pen, the development of the typewriter, and the
development of Microsoft Word
d. The first broadcast news show, the creation of video cameras, and the
eventual use of computers
6. What advances in multimedia were made in the early 1970's?

a. Advances in the ability to fit more text in a presentation
b. Advances in making supercomputers
c. Advances in integrating computers with CDs
d. Advances in graphics, movies, and audio
7. How does multimedia help school-age children?

a. It replaces direct textbook reading
b. It helps students learn in new and stimulating ways and allows them to apply
their knowledge creatively
c. It allows students to control all their learning
d. It replaces teacher lectures
8. What war inspired the United States to form a new way of communicating, now
commonly known as the Internet?
a. The Gulf War
b. The Vietnam War
c. World War II
d. The Cold War
9. What does SSL stand for?

a. Saving Sharing and Limits
b. Safe Secured and Locked
c. Secure Socket Limbs
d. Secure Socket Layers
10. What did ARPA do?

a. Developed facsimile equipment
b. Linked several computers into a network called ARPANET
c. Laid the first transatlantic communication cables
d. Created the first server-based email
29
WHAT IS IT
What is Multimedia?
Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio,
and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate.
This definition contains four components essential to multimedia. First, there must be a
computer to coordinate what you see and hear, and to interact with. Second, there must be
links that connect the information. Third, there must be navigational tools that let you
traverse the web of connected information. Finally, because multimedia is not a spectator
sport, there must be ways for you to gather, process, and communicate your own
information and ideas. If one of these components is missing, you do not have multimedia.
For example, if you have no computer to provide interactivity, you have mixed media, not
multimedia. If there are no links to provide a sense of structure and dimension, you have a
bookshelf, not multimedia. If there are no navigational tools to let you decide the course of
action, you have a movie, not multimedia. If you cannot create and contribute your own
ideas, you have a television, not multimedia.
Advantages of using Multimedia in Education

• It has made education for specially-able students easier.
• It spurs the students to learn more.
• It is easier to learn from images rather than text.
• Audios are the best source of improving pronunciation in students.
• Graphics make learning process interesting and engaging.
• Now-a-days even small kids have started using multimedia and have started
learning at a very early age because of multimedia.
Importance of using Multimedia in Education
Multimedia plays an important role in today’s society and in education because society
now is keeping up with the times. The multimedia is a good way for communication
because it is easy to communicate and understand what they say. After that, multimedia
has animation, music, video and more of this. It is easier to attract people to listen what you
talking about. Multimedia also is easier to deliver what you want to say. If they don’t know
what you say, they can see what you do in multimedia, because multimedia is making
things easier to understand.
An important goal of this course is to enable you to become a

Tip creator, not just a consumer of multimedia on the internet. Use all four components
to be an effective desig
30
a
ASSESSMENT
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is wrong. Write your
answers in your notebook.
1. A multimedia is an integration of still and moving images, text, and sounds by

means of computer technology.
2. Computer generated graphics is an example of multimedia.
3. There is no multimedia if there is no computer to provide interactivity.
4. Through the multimedia, communication is easier and interesting.
5. Graphics make learning process interesting and engaging.
6. Multimedia can be used in a television, movies and newspapers.
7. If there are no navigational tools to let you decide the course of action, you have
a multimedia, not a movie.
8. Multimedia is highly useful in the field of education only.
9. Multimedia elements include all of the following, graphics, animation,
audio, video, and voice script.
10. A most basic skill a person requires to pursue an animation career is
writing skills.
Now, let’s continue.
Multimedia Skills You Need to Become a Competent Artist
Creativity
A creative mindset is the primo skill you must have. Although you’ll need this in all other
career paths, creativity remains the crème de la crème in Multimedia Arts. With all the
monotonous ideas available in the market, you’ll need to step out and add your own
flavor. Shun dull ideas and squeeze out your creative juices.
Communication Skills
Even though media gadgets and tools take most of your time, good communication skills
still matter to be successful in the field. Express your ideas out and deliver your views
and opinion well. Communication skills help you to expound your thoughts with your
peers and vice versa. You must know how to listen intently and return an interesting
response.
Management Skills
Another thing you need to hone is your management skills. You must manage your time
and prioritize your errands. Deadlines and projects consume time and may dare you to
give up your social life. However, with organizational skills as one of your hallmarks, you
can finish tasks well. Flexibility is also the key.
31
Problem-Solving Skills
A successful Multimedia Artist has the initiative to solve intricate problems. With logical
and analytical reasoning skills, you can easily adapt to changes and sudden snags
common in the Multimedia Arts field. You must know that an idea can face glitches,
therefore you must put possible solutions on the table and contribute proactive ideas.
eCreateMo!
WHAT’S IN
ACTIVITY 1
If you were to recreate the story, how would you do it? Tell your story using a comic
strip. Create your own digital comic strip by using this link:
https://www.makebeliefscomix.com/Comix/?starter_id=2718656C2734673
The Legend of Lake Toba

(Indonesian Folktale)
Retold by Marti Bunanta
Once upon a time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala.
He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could
talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish
changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He fell in love
with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry him and said that Batara Guru had to
keep the secret, which she had been a fish. Batara Guru agreed and promised that he
would never tell anybody about it. They were married happily. They had two daughters.
One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He would not control his
mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daughters. The daughters were
crying. They found their mother and talked to her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting
angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very
big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba
Lake.
A comic strip is a sequence of drawings in boxes that tells an

Tip
amusing story, typically printed in a newspaper or comic book. Try to
explore the link above to create your own comic strip.
Here is a scoring rubric as a basis in rating your output.
CATEGORY 5-Exemplary 4-Proficient 3- Developing 2- Beginning
32
Presentation Presentation Presentation
Presentation
demonstrates a demonstrates demonstrates
demonstrates
high level proficiency little or no
some proficiency
Multimedia proficiency and and effective proficiency or
and effective use
Technology effective use of a use of effective use
of a multimedia
multimedia multimedia a of a
format.
format. format. multimedia
format.
Content
Content is sometimes Content is not
Content is well organized but appears organized and
organized and all one to two unorganized and there are more
the important important there are three than five
Organization events from the event/s is/are four important important
adapted text are missed from events are events missed
present. the adapted missed from the from the
text. adapted text. adapted text.
Output
Output presented is
Output presented Output
presented is
is unique and presented is imitated from
Uniqueness somewhat
exemplar. unique. another
unique but plain.
source.
Presentation is Presentation
Presentation is Presentation is somewhat is not
very attractive attractive and
attractive and attractive and
Appearance and appealing to appealing to
appealing to the appealing to
the viewers. the viewers.
viewers. the viewers.
WHAT’S MORE
Order of Adverbs. There is a basic order in which adverbs will appear when there
is more than one. Here is the standard order of adverbs.
Grammar Grooming
33
THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADVERBS
Verb Manner Place Frequency Time Purpose
Beth enthusiastically in the every before to keep in
swims pool morning dawn shape.
Dad impatiently into every before to get a
walks town afternoon supper newspaper.
Lhuzel deligently at the every before her to get good

studies library morning afternoon’s grades.
class
Andrae voraciously at the every recess before the to get alert.
eats canteen next class
Thalia in her every before lunch.
naps room morning
In actual practice, of course, it would be highly unusual to have a string

of adverbial modifiers beyond two or three (at the most). Because the placement
of adverbs is so flexible, one or two of the modifiers would probably move to the
beginning of the sentence: "Every afternoon before supper, Dad impatiently
walks into town to get a newspaper." When that happens, the introductory
adverbial modifiers are usually set off with a comma.
Look at this!
Unchecked: The student is in the office patiently waits for her teacher
everyday.
Groomed: The student waits patiently in the office everyday for her teacher.
Now, It’s Your Turn!
1.______________________________________________________________
2.______________________________________________________________
3.______________________________________________________________
4.______________________________________________________________
5.______________________________________________________________
34
LESSON 4: ICT SKILLS IN LITERARY
ADAPTATION
Learning Competency: Apply ICT Skills in Crafting an Adaptation of a Literary Text

(2hours).
1. define what literary genre is;

2. identify various 21st century literary genres common across the globe; and
3. compare and contrast the 21st century literature genres and their elements,
structures and traditions from across the globe.
WHAT I KNOW
Instructions: Recall what you learned about the information communication technology
(ICT). Read and answer the following statements. Write the letter of your answer in
your notebook.
1. What could you install in your computer in order to keep it safe and secure from
viruses?
a. Download Malware
b. Download Spyware
c. Download an Anti-Virus program
2. What are online threats?

a. They are types of viruses which can harm your computer
b. They help your computer in being safe
c. They are different types of ICT Shortcuts
3. What effect can adware have on your system?

a. Bad computer performance
b. Bad internet connection
c. Viruses attacking your system
4. What does malware do to your computer?

a. Deletes your personal files and applications
b. Gains access to a user’s system in order to carry out certain tasks which
a hacker has scheduled
c. Slows down your system
5. What is unauthorized transfer or copying?

35
a. Copying or transferring software without the permission of the user
b. Copying or transferring software with the permission of the user
c. Hacking in to a user's system
6. Which one of these is a type of viruses?

a. White hat
b. Red hat
c. Internet Worm
7. What are computer shortcuts?

a. They are easier and faster way to navigate through your computer
b. They are a slower and hard way to navigate through your computer
c. A type of virus
8. How can you prevent spyware from accessing your computer?

a. Don't click on advertisements
b. Keep your computer password protected
c. Download an anti-virus program
9. Which leading computer software business created programs like Spread

Sheet, Word and Power point?
a. Google
b. Apple
c. Microsoft
10. What does "WWW" stand for?

a. Wicked Wizard Web
b. Wiked Will West
c. World Wide Web
WHAT IS IT
What is ICT?
ICT stands for 'Information Communication Technology'. Everyday usage of digital

technology includes when you use a computer, tablet or mobile phone, send email, browse
the internet, make a video call - these are all examples of using basic ICT skills and
technology to communicate.
Information and communications technology (ICT) skills refer to one’s ability to

converse with people through various technologies. Similar to information technology (IT),
ICT refers to technology use for regular, everyday tasks: sending an email, making a video
call, searching the internet, using a tablet or mobile phone, and more. Ironically, ICT skills
could also include the ability to use older communication technologies such as telephones,
radios, and televisions. Typically, ICT experts are called upon to integrate old
communication technology with the new technology. Almost every job requires some ICT
skills, and many require hybrid skills, a skill set that is a mix of technical and non-technical
skills.
36
ICT SKILLS
• Data Management and Queries Develop and manage data using spreadsheets to
be able to analyze that data and recognize trends and patterns such as Microsoft
Excel.
• Online Research
able to sift through all the information online to find what you need involving basic
online information management skills.
• Email Management and Setup

able to effectively and successfully communicate via email.
• Social Media Management

Use of social media such Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and Pinterest in
valuable ways.
• Desktop Publishing
Creation of materials that need to be printed and distributed such as fliers,
brochures, newsletters, and more. using desktop publishing software like MS
Publisher, MS Powerpoint, MS Word, Print Setting , and etc.
• Online Collaboration
Sharing information with your coworkers, or friends, online such as a meeting
to a shared online calendar, providing feedback on a document through a
web-based document application, and holding an online video conference
with colleagues.
• Smartphones and Tablets
The use of smartphones and tablets so it is easily accessible during certain
hours of the day.
• Word Processing
In this day and age, it is expected that individuals know how to use word
processing technology to be able to produce written documents (including
business letters, meeting minutes, and more) using a computer processor
such as Microsoft Word.
What is literary adaptation?
Literary adaptation is the adapting of a literary source (e.g. a novel, short story,
poem) to another genre or medium, such as a film, stage play, or video game.
It refers to the process of translating a creative work from one medium to another: a
novel adapted into a film, for example. Hamlet has been adapted into operas: Ambrose
Thomas' 1868 version in French, and Franco Faccio's 1865 Amleto in Italian.
It can also involve adapting the same literary work in the same genre or medium just
for different purposes, e.g. to work with a smaller cast, in a smaller venue (or on the road),
or for a different demographic group (such as adapting a story for children). Sometimes the
editing of these works without the approval of the author can lead to a court case.
It also appeals because it obviously works as a story; it has interesting

characters, who say and do interesting things. This is particularly important when
adapting to a dramatic work, e.g. film, stage play, teleplay, as dramatic writing is
37
some of the most difficult. To get an original story to function well on all the
necessary dimensions—concept, character, story, dialogue, and action—is an
extremely rare event performed by a rare talent.
Digital Storytelling
The process of crafting the digital story builds communication, creativity, visual and
sound literacy, and project management skills. Telling your stories with text, pictures, and
your own narration is easy. Frames helps you engage your audience with features like pan
and zoom, the ability to match frame duration to sound recording, and more.
Tip Make your creative work challenging, interactive and enjoyable

to everyone.
WHAT’S IN
Group tasks:
A. Read carefully and understand the poem, “Blood” by Carmen Boullosa Then create a
poem with similar meaning and tone. Create your own title related to the other parts of
your body. After writing, post your Poem on your FB Status and encourage comments
from your friends and followers.
B. You may also add a melody of the Poem to compose your own song. Interpret your
own song or let somebody sing it and Post it on your FB wall.
C. Create a story out of your Poem using digital storytelling. Use the link below to know
how to create a digital story. https://www.tech4learning.com/frames/
Blood
Carmen Boullosa
If it is the moon that governs the tides, what strange star controls the
blood of our two different bodies? It is a star that your eyes can not see, not even
mine, it lives hidden by the moon and the sun. His subject cruel plays with the
signs of its particles, without fear to get in danger of bursting, or change shape,
become once again minimal parts, asteroids into different orbits or dust, scattered
dust pilgrim. A star absurd. It is because of him that my blood tends toward your. If
they do not show any inclination towards me, then, it is that you’re in the lead
38
mine, that you are my moon. You the one that controls my tendency. Through your
veins do not burst circulates this dull sense, your blood limestone.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Grammar Grooming
A pronoun that shows possession or ownership is called a possessive pronoun. It

agrees to its referent.
Sentence: The teacher took her apple and left.

The pronoun her shows the teacher owns the apple.
Sentence: The hikers spotted their guide on the trail.

The pronoun their shows the hikers follow the guide who was
assigned to the hikers.
39
Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Possessive Pronouns: my (mine), your(s), his, hers, its, our(s), their(s)
Singular indefinite pronouns: anyone, anybody, everybody, everyone,
somebody, each, either, neither, and
someone
Unchecked: That ring belongs to my father, so it is him.

Groomed: That ring belongs to my father, so it is his.
Instructions. Revise the following sentences by using the correct form of pronouns.
Write your answers to your notebook.
1. Bert can swim as far as me.

2. My Aunt Haide is older than me.
3. Andrae and Hero returned his books to the library.
4. You’re report is due today.
5. Who’s work is this?
6. There on the way to another championship year.
7. The shirt looks better on Joe than I.
8. After swimming fifty laps, Ray was more tired than us.
9. Everyone needs their own desk and chair.
10. Either of the girls can play his flute.
SELF-AND /OR PEER-ASSESSMENT OF

LESSON 5
THE CREATIVE ADAPTATION OF A LITERARY TEXT
Learning Competency: Do self - and /or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of

a literary text, based on rationalized criteria prior to presentation (4 hrs.)
Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:
1. craft creative adaptation of chosen literary text; and

2. evaluate creative adaptation using rationalized criteria for
presentation.
40
WHAT’S IN
Group task:
eVideo Mo
From Page to Stage
Group task: Read the short story, “Small People: The Cemetery Keeper” carefully
internalizing its content and value. Then, create a short video clip about it. Record the video
and submit through email. Be guided by the rubrics provided below.
Small People: The Cemetery

Keeper by: Regino L. Gonzale Jr.
There was quite a commotion when two youngsters scampered away from their
drinking table at a small store. One ran like being chased by a ghost and the other stumbled
covering his face with his hands. Other smiling teenagers remained seated at their table
slowly sipping red local wine. “What’s happening?” I asked one young drinker I recognized.
“They are scared…Steve wanted to kiss them...", replied the guy laughing and pointed to
Steve standing at the corner of the store holding a glass of wine offered to him by the
drinkers.
Years before 1950s, the Philippines did not have adequate primary health services
and private medical practitioners were few in places other than in big cities. Many
communities suffered outbreaks of ailments which could have been prevented by
vaccination. The dreaded smallpox struck Steve’s town of Danao afflicting many residents,
Steve among them. He was in his teens when smallpox disfigured his face with pockmarks.
Steve’s real name was Esteban. Younger residents of the town addressed him as
Steve while the older ones used his full name. Steve lived his teen years and many years of
adulthood suffering from humiliation with his pockmarked face and a moniker in the
vernacular which English equivalent is “Pockmarked Steve”. Peered closely, Steve’s face
was like being punctured with craters similar to the moon’s surface. When in a group of
friends and colleagues, Steve often became the butt of jokes and invented funny tales.
There were remarks that Steve had a face that even a mother could not love and that his
funny face could launch a thousand laughs. Steve’s distressing predicament made it difficult
for him to seek and land any job, let alone find a mate. Notwithstanding, he lived a decent
and colorful life. Behind his pockmarked face, he maintained a steely resolve to find himself
a respectable slot in the social structure of the community.
Steve managed to get by decently by doing sundry jobs that had few takers, by
doing voluntary services and by honestly adhering to his Christian faith. He dug latrines and
graves and sold candles and coffins. Some voluntary tasks and services he rendered
endeared him to many residents of the town. He was almost always one of the first to offer
condolences and assistance to a bereaved family and was usually around during prayers
and wakes for the departed. On stage presentations during social gatherings, he always
volunteered and participated as a jester, capitalizing on his terribly pockmarked face.
Steve’s religiosity was also very well known in the community and was even noted by the
town’s catholic priest, Father Alcoseba. He seldom missed the Sunday mass and joining
any religious procession around the town.
41
Undaunted by the playful taunts and jokes on his pockmarks, Steve learned a
hilarious way to get back at his main tormentors, some of the town’s machos.
Danao's menfolk embraced an unspoken and unwritten code of conduct not to harm
the old, the women, and men of inferior strength. A man who fights with a woman, an old
person or one much younger than him was looked down upon for having feminine
attributes. To the machos, Steve was just another harmless funny There was quite a
commotion when two youngsters scampered away from their drinking table at a small store.
One ran like being chased by a ghost and the other stumbled covering his face with his
hands. Other smiling teenagers remained seated at their table slowly sipping red local wine.
“What’s happening?” I asked one young drinker I recognized. “They are scared…Steve
wanted to kiss them...", replied the guy laughing and pointed to Steve standing at the corner
of the store holding a glass of wine offered to him by the drinkers.
Years before 1950s, the Philippines did not have adequate primary health services
and private medical practitioners were few in places other than in big cities. Many
communities suffered outbreaks of ailments which could have been prevented by
vaccination. The dreaded smallpox struck Steve’s town of Danao afflicting many residents,
Steve among them. He was in his teens when smallpox disfigured his face with pockmarks.
Steve’s real name was Esteban. Younger residents of the town addressed him as
Steve while the older ones used his full name. Steve lived his teen years and many years of
adulthood suffering from humiliation with his pockmarked face and a moniker in the
vernacular which English equivalent is “Pockmarked Steve”. Peered closely, Steve’s face
was like being punctured with craters similar to the moon’s surface. When in a group of
friends and colleagues, Steve often became the butt of jokes and invented funny tales.
There were remarks that Steve had a face that even a mother could not love and that his
funny face could launch a thousand laughs. Steve’s distressing predicament made it difficult
for him to seek and land any job, let alone find a mate. Notwithstanding, he lived a decent
and colorful life. Behind his pockmarked face, he maintained a steely resolve to find himself
a respectable slot in the social structure of the community.
Steve managed to get by decently by doing sundry jobs that had few takers, by
doing voluntary services and by honestly adhering to his Christian faith. He dug latrines and
graves and sold candles and coffins. Some voluntary tasks and services he rendered
endeared him to many residents of the town. He was almost always one of the first to offer
condolences and assistance to a bereaved family and was usually around during prayers
and wakes for the departed. On stage presentations during social gatherings, he always
volunteered and participated as a jester, capitalizing on his terribly pockmarked face.
Steve’s religiosity was also very well known in the community and was even noted by the
town’s catholic priest, Father Alcoseba. He seldom missed the Sunday mass and joining
any religious procession around the town.
Undaunted by the playful taunts and jokes on his pockmarks, Steve learned a
hilarious way to get back at his main tormentors, some of the town’s machos.
Danao's menfolk embraced an unspoken and unwritten code of conduct not to harm
the old, the women, and men of inferior strength. A man who fights with a woman, an old
person or one much younger than him was looked down upon for having feminine
attributes. To the machos, Steve was just another harmless funny
42
chap, game for mild taunting and jesting for laughs. Certain that he will not be harmed,
Steve pondered long on how to dish it out with his persecutors.
It was on one occasion that Steve discovered a way. He came by a group of

toughies drinking and sharing jokes with men and women friends. One started to jokingly
comment on his pockmarked face drawing grins from his friends. Steve slowly approached
the guy, swiftly gripped his shoulders and planted and rubbed his pockmarked face against
the guy’s. The ladies giggled and the men roared with laughter as the guy struggled to get
away from Steve’s grip. Steve repeated the prank at any opportunity. And men became
cautious whenever he is around. Since then he received fewer and fewer taunts and jokes.
I and my friends met and talked with Steve few times and found him a very friendly
and dignified person. He addressed us in the vernacular of ‘Lads’, in Danao, an expression
of esteem for younger ones. He always inquired how far we were from finishing our studies.
Few years after graduation, I moved to work in Manila, which at that time is like
moving from the Philippines to another country. When Grandmother Crispina, passed on, I
came back to Danao for her funeral and encountered Steve again during Grandmother’s
wake. “How are you Lad? How’s life?”, he inquired. I smiled and mumbled some greetings
to him. When grandmother was interred, I saw Steve help lift and lower her coffin to the
concrete tomb.
I went back home again to Danao when Aunt Margarita passed away. This time I
noticed a small house near the cemetery with kids running around the yard and candles and
flowers sold at the base of the house. Then I saw Steve came out. He shook my hands,
muttered “How are you Lad”, offered condolences and went with me into my Aunt’s burial
tomb. Unlike before, the cemetery was now very well kempt and trees overlook the tombs. I
learned later that Father Alcoseba had earlier employed Steve to tend the catholic cemetery
and that he found a loving a mate, built a small house on a lot fronting the cemetery and
had children. Steve ultimately found his calling and succeeded in altering his humiliating
moniker.
I left Danao confident that the serenity of my ancestors’ resting place was watched
over by ‘Steve, the Cemetery Keeper’.
Tip
All elements in short story writing must be present in your video.
eRate Mo
Group task: Let other group view your creative presentation. Then, let
them evaluate your group work using the criteria below.
43
44
Criteria for Literary Adaptation
Criteria 10-9 8-7 6-4 3-1 Total

Clear and Explores the Inadequately Unclear
understandable; original text in explores the and/or not
Creative explores the creative and original text in presented.
Adaptation original text in a innovative creative and
creative and innovative
innovative ways ways.
Main ideas Main ideas Main ideas Main ideas
behind the behind the behind the behind the
adaptation adaptation adaptation adaptation
project project project are project are
presented in an presented in presented in not presented
orderly and clear an orderly inadequately in clear and
Presentation
manner using and clear using orderly
appropriate manner using appropriate manner.
language, props, appropriate language, but
and visuals. language, but less props,
less props, and visual.
and visual.
Obvious Met the Unclear Failed to
creativity, effort, requirements connection of meet the
and originality of the presentation purpose of
throughout assignment; purpose and the actual
Over-all presentation however, key content presentation.
Impression overall during the
presentation presentation.
lacked
originality
&creativity
45
Criteria for the Creative Presentation
Failure to
Exemplary Competent Inconsistent Meet
Criteria Total
10-9 8-7 6-4 Expectations
3-1
Effective use Adequate use Ineffective Media
of media which of media and media component
added to acceptable presented or unclear
overall addition to not and/or not
presentation. the adequately presented.
Media
Attention to presentation. presented as
detail and an adjunct to
quality of the
media presentation.
throughout.
Presenter Presenter Decreased Lack of
showed ability showed ability to shareprofessional
to engage all average given content presentation
peers engagement as evidenced during any
interpersonally and by clearly portion of the
Presentation with genuine /or difficulty uncomfortable presentation
excitement engaging with presenting the period( dress,
and peers either content behavior, etc)
enthusiasm non-verbally activity. or over-all
or verbally. lack of
expression.
All participants Activity Activity and/or Activity
actively demonstrated given content showed
engaged with appropriate not clearly limited link to
the presented content remembered actual
creative association, and/or effort presentation
Engagement
activity and however lacked over-all content.
associated purpose and professional
content would interactive presentation.
be easily piece not
remembered. clear.
Obvious Met the Unclear Failed to
creativity, requirements connection of meet the
effort, and of the presentation purpose of
originality assignment; purpose and the actual
throughout however, key content presentation.
Overall presentation overall during the
presentation presentation.
lacked
originality
&creativity
46
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Grammar Grooming
Grammar Grooming
A preposition can also be a two-word or three-word combination. It is called a

compound preposition which can be used without objects. Two-word compound
prepositions include according to, because of, different from, due to, and instead of.
Some examples of three-word compound prepositions are as far as, in addition to, in
front of, and in spite of. There are many more two-word and three-word compound
prepositions.
At such times, these prepositions no longer function as prepositions but become

either two-word verbs, adverbs, or conjunctions.
Two-word verbs (verb + participle)
Examples: bring up (raise) find out (discover )

call off (cancel) catch on ( understand )
Adverbs: Did you take the elevator? No, we walked up.
Conjunctions: He came before I did.
Unchecked: They got angry for me for arriving late.
#Groomed: They got angry with me for arriving late.
It’s Your Turn!
Instructions. Complete the sentence with appropriate prepositions. Write your

answer in your notebook.
1. Steve travels ___town ___ a green van.
2. He knocks __doors and explains his work.
3. They are surprised and pleased ____ Steve’s services.
4. They are superstitious ____them.
5. They will not go ___a roof ___their hats.
47
48
49
50
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
After studying this module, the following are the important points that I learned:
1. I have identified the representative texts and authors from Asia, North
America, Europe, Latin America, and Africa;
2. I have compared and contrasted the various 21st century literary genres
and their elements, structures, and traditions from across the globe;
3. I have produced a creative representation of a literary text by applying my

multimedia skills;
4. I have applied my ICT Skills in Crafting an Adaptation of a Literary Text; and
5. I have done the self - and /or peer-assessment of the creative adaptation of
a literary text, based on rationalized criteria prior to presentation
6. I have successfully performed the tasks given to me.
7. Finally, learning the topics covered in this module is indeed memorable and
fun!
51

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

21st Century Literatures

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Published by the Department of Education – Region X – Northern Mindanao.

Development Team of the Module

Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V

Printed in the Philippines by

SECOND QUARTER - MODULE 2

LESSON 3 - Multimedia Skills in Interpreting Texts

LESSON 4 - ICT Skills in Literary Text Adaptation

LESSON 5 - Self - and /or Peer-Assessment

WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT

After studying this module, the learners shall be able to:

1. write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts, applying a

WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT

At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to:

1. understand the nature of world literature;

Recall what you learned about the literature of the world.

13. Haiku is an example of ___literature.

14. Mahabharata is an oldest epic of ___.

18. Puritan Literature was a reflection of ___

19. An influential book for Christians. It talks about Christianity.

(Source: "World Literature. Literature in Different Countries. Academic Writing." Ozzz.org,

What is World Literature?

He claimed that literature shouldn`t be restrained by national boundaries. In 1894

How well did you do in this trivia game?

Tan Twan Eng

Tan Twan Eng was born in Penang and lived in various

Musharraf Ali Farooqi

Musharraf Ali Farooqi is a critically acclaimed Pakistani

Jeet Thayil (born 1959 in Kerala) is an Indian poet,

Kim Thúy arrived in Canada in 1979, at the age of ten. She

Nayomi Munaweera’s debut novel, “Island of a Thousand

Jonathan Safran Foer

Jonathan Safran Foer is the author of two bestselling,

Sara Gruen is the #1 New York Times and USA Today

Canadian author Margaret Atwood has numerous critically

Award winning, translated into numerous languages,

Poet, playwright, and novelist, Carmen Boullosa’s

British writer Ian McEwan started winning literary awards

English novelist is known for his frequent use of intricate

Literary critic James Wood coined the term "hysterical

Delphine de Vigan is an award-winning French novelist.

Michel Houellebecq (born Michel Thomas), on the French

Isabel Allende Llona is a Chilean-American novelist.

Gabriel García Márquez

Gabriel García Márquez (1927 to 2014) was a Colombian

Mario Vargas Llosa

Mario Vargas Llosa is Peru's foremost author and the

Patricio Pron, born in 1975, is the author of seven novels

Rodrigo Hasbún is a Bolivian novelist living and working in

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie grew up in Nigeria.

Born in Glasgow but raised in Sierra Leone, Aminatta Forna

One of the apartheid era’s most prolific writers, Nadine

Alain Mabanckou was born in 1966 in Congo-Brazzaville

Poet and novelist Ben Okri was born in 1959 in Minna,

1. One of the apartheid era’s most a. Isabel Allende