THIS IS A TRADITIONAL & OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT… IT MUST BE PRINTED AND COMPLETED IN INK!

Name: ___Shreyaan Jain___________________________________ Class Period:___7_ Due

Date:___/____/____

Guided Reading & Analysis: Nationalism and Economic Development, 1816-1848

Chapter 8- Nationalism and Economic Development, pp 150-166
Reading Assignment:
Ch. 8 AMSCO or other resources for Period 4 content. It is emphatically the Province and
Duty of the Judicial Department to Say
Purpose:
This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a place and structure for
what the Law is.
reflections and analysis using higher level thinking skills with new knowledge gained from the reading.

Directions: (Image captured from ushistory.org)

1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter.
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note the titles and subtitles. Look at images and their
read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. Remember, the goal is not to “fish” for a specific answer(s) to
reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order
to critically understand what you read!
4. Write Write your notes and analysis in the spaces provided.

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 4:

Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while
Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.
Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,
precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.
Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy
and spurred government and private initiatives.

Section 1: The era begins with the end of the War of 1812 (1815) & the election of James Monroe (1816)

Remember the most significant thing to know about a war is the cause and effect…
in particular, the relationship with European powers and
America’s desire for economic and territorial expansion.
THE WAR OF 1812 (1812-1814)
A. Causes B. Results
1. Impressment of American sailors 1. The status quo was maintained in the Treaty of Ghent
2. Problems with Indians in the Ohio River Valley (1815)
3. England continued to maintain forts on frontier 2. Increased nationalism
4. Agricultural depression 3. Increased manufacturing
5. War Hawks (Calhoun and Clay) wanted to expand to 4. Freedom of the seas restored
Canada and were anti-British 5. Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became
war heroes

Read the quote from Hezekiah Niles on page 150.

Based on this quote, what is a defining characteristic of the Era of Good Feelings?

Based on this quote, characteristics of the Era of Good Feelings include people assuming a national character and the preservation of their
religion and liberty under divine goodness.
Section 2 Guided Reading, pp 150-166
As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main Ideas presented in the left
column. When you finish the section, analyze what you read by answering the question in the right hand column.
1. The Era of Good Feelings pp 155-153
Key Concepts &
Main Ideas
While Americans
celebrated their nation’s
progress toward a
unified new national
culture that blended
Old World forms with
New World ideas,
various groups of the
nation’s inhabitants
developed distinctive
cultures of their own.
A new national culture
emerged, with various
Americans creating art,
architecture, and
literature that combined
European forms with
local and regional
cultural sensibilities.
Regional economic
specialization,
especially the demands
of cultivating southern
cotton, shaped
settlement patterns and
the national and
international economy
Despite some
governmental and
private efforts to create
a unified national
economy, most notably
the American System,
the shift to market
production linked the
North and the Midwest
more closely than either
was linked to the South.
…Era of Good Feelings Continued
Notes Analysis
The Era of Good Feelings… To what extent was this era “good?”
The period's nickname suggests the Monroe years were marked by a spirit of This perception of unity and harmony,
nationalism, optimism, and goodwill. This perception of unity and harmony, however, can however, can be misleading and
be misleading and oversimplified. oversimplified.
James Monroe… James Monroe was the last of the Virginia
by 1820, the Federalist party had practically vanished and Monroe received every Dynasty. Who else was a member of this
electoral vote except one. group?
John Adams
Cultural Nationalism…
The young were excited about the prospects of the new nation expanding westward and Explain how Parson Mason Weems’ fictional
had little interest in European politics now that the Napoleonic wars were in the past. As story of a young George Washington
fervent nationalists, they believed their young country was entering an era of unlimited chopping down a cherry tree and then not
prosperity. being able to tell his father a lie when
confronted about it illustrates a cultural trend
of the time.
Economic Nationalism… Patriotic themes infused every aspect of
Parallel with cultural nationalism was a political movement to support the growth of the American society, from art to schoolbooks.
nation's economy.
How did the tariff of 1816 differ from the tariff
in Hamilton’s Plan during the early 1790s?
Tariff of 1816… This was the first protective tariff in U.S
Now in peacetime, American manufacturers feared that British goods would be dumped history.
on American markets and take away much of their business. Congress raised tariffs for
the express purpose of protecting U.S manufacturers from competition. This was the first Was Henry Clay more Hamiltonian or
protective tariff in U.S history. Jeffersonian? Explain your answer.
Henry Clay proposed a comprehensive
Henry Clay’s American System… method for advancing the nation's economic
Henry Clay proposed a comprehensive method for advancing the nation's economic growth.
growth.
Why did Monroe veto road and canal
The Panic of 1819… projects?
The Era of Good Feelings was fractured in 1819 by the first major financial panic since The constitution did not explicitly provide for
the Constitution had been ratified. The economic disaster was largely the fault of the the spending of federal money on roads and
Second Bank of the United States, which had tightened credit in a belated effort to canals.
control inflation.
How did the panic of 1819 impact American
voters?
The economic disaster was largely the fault
of the Second Bank of the United States,
which had tightened credit in a belated effort
to control inflation.
Are you using ink? Remember… no pencil!
 Key Concepts & Main
Ideas Notes Analysis

The nation’s
transformation to a
more participatory
democracy was
accompanied by
continued debates
over federal power, the
relationship between
the federal government
and the states, the
authority of different
branches of the federal
government, and the
rights and
responsibilities of
individual citizens.
Political Changes…
A principal reason for the rapid decline of the Federalist party was its failure
to adapt to the changing needs of a growing nation.
Changes in the Democratic-Republican Party…
Meanwhile, the Democratic- republican party underwent serious internal
strains as it adjusted to changing times.
Although the nation was united under a single political
party, division emerged resulting in the eventual
development of new parties. Compare the causes of
these divisions to the causes of the Hamilton and
Jefferson division leading to the first two party system in
the 1790s.
The nation’s transformation to a more participatory
democracy was accompanied by continued debates over
federal power, the relationship between the federal
government and the states, the authority of different
branches of the federal government, and the rights and
responsibilities of individual citizens.
To what extent were these forces similar?
A principal reason for the rapid decline of the Federalist
party was its failure to adapt to the changing needs of a
growing nation.

2. Marshall’s Supreme Court and Central Government Powers pp 153-154

Key Notes
Concepts &
Main Ideas

Marshall’s Supreme Court and Central Government Powers… Appointment of midnight justices by John Adams rejected by Jefferson. Supreme
Supreme identify the cases by writing the names in the circles Court decided constitutionality of Judiciary Act. Court ruled delivery of appointments
not duty of court and declares Judiciary Act unconstitutional. Significance of Ruling:
Court 1803 gave the Court the power of judicial review
decisions
sought to Marbury v. Madison
assert Georgia legislature canceled contract that granted land to speculators as part
of bribe. S. Court ruled deal was legal and the state couldn’t nullify it even if it
federal 1810 was gained with bribe. Significance of Ruling: established the principle that
power over Fletcher v. Peck state laws are invalid when in conflict with the Constitution
state laws
and the
Loyalist, Fairfax, had his land seized after Revolutionary War. He left land to relative following his
primacy of
the judiciary 1816 death but Virginia seized it. Court overturned state court ruling. Jay’s Treaty and Treaty of Paris
Martin v. Hunter's both stated loyalist land would be returned. Significance of ruling: confirmed the Supreme Court's
in right to overrule a state court.
determining Lease
the meaning Maryland wanted to tax branch of national bank. Court ruled against state.
of the 1819 Significance of Ruling: upheld the right of Congress to charter a national bank, thus
Constitution. putting into national law the doctrine of implied powers.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward State wanted to make Dartmouth public school; charter was from King
George III for private. Court rules charter cannot be changed by state.
Significance of Ruling: by forbidding the state legislature to alter the
1819 college charter, established the principle that charters were contracts
which could not be impaired.
McCulloch v. Maryland
The state had tried and imprisoned people for illegally selling lottery
tickets. Court ruled the state had the right to enforce the law which had
not conflicted with the Constitution. Significance of Ruling: State courts
1821 must submit to federal jurisdiction and the federal court has the right to
judicial review of state supreme court decisions
Cohens v. Virginia
State had given navigation monopoly which controlled waterways in NY. Court ruled
monopoly unconstitutional because states cannot control trade. Significance of Ruling:
Gibbons v. Ogden gave the national government undisputed control over interstate commerce …This freed
internal transportation from state restraint. (year 1824
in AMSCO is typo, it’s 1824)

Explain why these decisions are “landmark.”

These decisions defined the relationship between the central government and the states.

3. Western Settlement and the Missouri Compromise, pp 154-157

Key Concepts &
Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The American Western Settlement and the Missouri Compromise… To what extent was westward expansion
acquisition of responsible for increasing sectional conflict?
lands in the Much of the nationalistic and economic interest in the country was centered on the West,
which presented both opportunities and new questions. Explain your answer.
West gave rise to
a contest over the Much of the nationalistic and economic interest in
extension of Reasons for Westward Movement… the country was centered on the West, which
slavery into the Several factors combined to stimulate rapid growth along the western frontier during the presented both opportunities and new questions.
western presidencies of Madison and Monroe.
territories as well Explain how a 19th century America pioneer would
as a series of view “acquiring American Indian land” as justifiable.
Acquisition of American Indians’ Lands…
attempts at Consider the culture clash of Americans and
national Large areas were open for settlement after American Indians were driven from their lands.
American-Indians.
compromise
Economic Pressures… Whites living on the frontier tended to champion
Whites living on The economic difficulties in the Northeast from the embargo and the war caused people expansion efforts, while resistance by American
the frontier from this region to seek a new future across the Appalachians. In the South, tobacco Indians led to a sequence of wars and federal
tended to planters needed new land to replace the soil exhausted by years of poor farming methods. efforts to control American Indian populations
champion They found good land for planting cotton in Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas.
expansion efforts, Support, refute, or modify the following statement:
while resistance Henry Clay was the Great Pacificator and the Great
by American Improved Transportation…
Pioneers had an easier time reaching the frontier as a result of the building of roads and Compromiser.
Indians led to a
sequence of wars canals, steamboats, and railroads. Henry clay was a Great Compromiser with his three
and federal bills that together definitely represented a
efforts to control Immigrants… compromise between the north and the south.
American Indian More Europeans were being attracted to America by speculators offering cheap land in the
populations. Great Lakes region and in the valleys of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Mississippi rivers. Thomas Jefferson’s reaction to the Missouri
Compromise included, "But, as it is, we have
The 1820 the wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him,
Missouri New Questions and Issues…
1. cheap money from the state banks rather than from the bank of the united states. nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and
Compromise
created a truce self-preservation in the other." (recorded at his
over the issue of 2. low prices for land sold by the federal government. home, Monticello, Virginia, 22 April 1820) Explain
slavery that the point Jefferson is making. Did he see the
gradually broke 3. improved transportation Missouri Compromise as a success?
down as Jefferson is stating that the northerners were more
confrontations in to justice, while the southerners were more
over slavery Missouri Compromise… interested in self-preservation. Jefferson did not
became Missouri's bid for statehood alarmed the North because slavery was well established there.
see the compromise as a success.
increasingly If Missouri came in as a slave state, it would tip the political balance in the South's favor.
bitter.
Tallmadge Amendment…
As over-
cultivation
depleted arable 1. prohibiting the further introduction of slaves to Missouri
land in the
Southeast, 2. requiring the children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated at the age of 25
slaveholders
relocated their Clay’s Proposals…
agricultural
enterprises to the 1. admit Missouri as a slave holding state
new Southwest,
increasing
sectional 2. admit Maine as a free state
tensions over the
institution of 3. prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30
slavery and
sparking a broad Aftermath…
scale debate The Missouri Compromise preserved sectional balance for more than 30 years and
about how to set provided time for the nation to mature.
national goals,
priorities, and
strategies.
Map Break!

1. Label Mexico (independent in 1821), Oregon Territory, British North America (Canada),
Unorganized Territory, Arkansas Territory, Florida Territory, Michigan Territory,
and the individual United States in 1821.
2. Label Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico.
3. Color free states in 1821 one color.
4. Color slave states in 1821 another color.
5. Use a yellow highlighter to mark the Missouri Compromise line of 1820.
6. Use a green highlighter to mark the Adams-Onis Treaty Line of 1819.
7. Color the territories where slavery was prohibited according to the Missouri Compromise a third color.
8. Color the territories where slavery was allowed according to the Missouri Compromise a fourth color.
9. Create a key using the box provided.

Missouri Compromise Line

Adams-Onis Treaty Line

Free States
Slave States
Free Territories (U.S. Only)
Slave Territories (U.S. Only)
 4. Foreign Affairs, pp 157-159

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

Struggling to Foreign Affairs… Explain why President Monroe and Secretary of

create an Following the War of 1812, the US adopted a more aggressive nationalistic approach State John Quincy Adams pursued a more
independent in its relations with other nations. aggressive foreign policy.
Struggling to create an independent global
global presence,
Canada… presence, U.S. policymakers sought to dominate
U.S. Diplomatic differences unresolved. the North American continent and to promote its
policymakers foreign trade.
sought to Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)…
dominate the Limited naval armament of the Great Lakes. To what extent were relations between the United
North American States and Great Britain more positive in the Era of
continent and to Treaty of 1818… Good Feelings than they were during the 1780s
promote its and 1790s. Provide evidence to back up your
foreign trade. 1. shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland assertion.
U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade, expanding
2. joint occupation of the Oregon territory for 10 years its national borders, and isolating itself from
Following the
European conflicts shaped the nation’s foreign
Louisiana 3. the settling of the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 19th parallel policy and spurred government and private
Purchase, the initiatives.
drive to acquire, Florida…
survey, and open Disorders gave Monroe and Jackson a n opportunity to take military action in Florida. What was more significant to the growth and
up new lands development of the United States, John Quincy
and markets led Jackson’s Military Campaign… Adams’s accomplishments as Secretary of State or
Americans into Many members of congress feared that Jacksons overzealousness would precipitate the military accomplishments of General Andrew
numerous war with both Spain and Britain. Jackson? Explain your answer.
economic, Now in peacetime, American manufacturers feared
Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)… that British goods would be dumped on American
diplomatic, and The US bought Florida from Spain.
military markets and take away much of their business.
Congress raised tariffs for the express purpose of
initiatives in the protecting U.S manufacturers from competition.
Western This was the first protective tariff in U.S history.
Hemisphere and
Asia.

Foreign Policy Continued…

Key Concepts &
Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The Monroe Doctrine… With the issuance of the Monroe

Doctrine, was America a world
Although focused on its own growth, the United States did not ignore the ambitions of Europe in the
U.S. interest in power? Explain your reasoning.
western hemisphere.
increasing U.S. interest in increasing foreign
foreign trade, British Initiatives… trade, expanding its national borders,
expanding its To maintain British trade with the latin american republics required diplomacy and isolating itself from European
conflicts shaped the nation’s foreign
national
American Response policy and spurred government and
borders, and private initiatives.
isolating itself
from European 1. if the US acted alone, Britain could be counted upon to stand behind the US policy.
conflicts shaped
the nation’s
2. no european power would risk going to war in south america, and if it did, the british navy
foreign policy
and spurred would surely defeat the aggressor.
government and
The Doctrine…
private
A decalaration of US policy toward Europe and Latin America.
initiatives.
Impact…
The U.S. sought Had less significance at the time than in later decades.
dominance over
the North
American
continent
through a variety
of means,
including
military actions,
judicial
decisions, and
diplomatic
efforts.

5. A National Economy, pp 159-164… HEAVILY EMPHASIZED ON NEW FRAMEWORK!

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

A National Economy… Look at the graph on page 160.

The economic Compare the population in 1840 to
The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration patterns,
changes caused the population in 1790. Go beyond
gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power.
by the market the numbers.
revolution had The U.S. sought dominance over the
Population Growth…
significant North American continent through a
Population growth provided both the laborers and the consumers requiredfor industrial variety of means, including military
effects on development. actions, judicial decisions, and
migration
diplomatic efforts.
patterns, gender
and family
relations, and the
distribution of
political power.

A National Economy Continued… HEAVILY EMPHASIZED ON NEW FRAMEWORK!

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The economic Transportation… What is one key difference between the

changes caused by Vital to the development of both national and an industrial economy. Lancaster Turnpike and the Cumberland
the market Road?
revolution had Roads… The economic changes caused by the
significant effects Blocked the spending of federal funds on internal improvements. market revolution had significant effects
on migration on migration patterns, gender
patterns, gender Canals… and family relations, and the distribution of
and family The success of the erie canal touched off a frenzy of canal building in other states political power.
relations, and the
distribution of Steamboats…
political power. The success of the erie canal touched off a frenzy of canal building in other states Defend the following statement: The
Canal System had a negative impact on
With the opening Railroads… the South.
of canals and new The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade,
roads into the patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power. expanding its national borders, and
western territories, isolating itself from European conflicts
native-born white
citizens relocated shaped the nation’s foreign policy and
westward, relying spurred government and private
on new community Growth of Industry… initiatives.
systems to replace The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration
their old family patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power. Which innovation in transportation had
and local the greatest impact on economic growth?
relationships. Mechanical Inventions… Defend your answer.
Inventors looked forward to handsome rewards if their ideas for new tools or machines With the opening of canals and
The market proved practical. new roads into the western
revolution helped territories, native-born white
to widen a gap Corporations for Raising Capital… citizens relocated westward,
between rich and Changes in state corporation laws facilitated the raising of the large sums of capital necessary for relying on new community
poor, shaped building factories, canals, and railroads. systems to replace their old family
emerging middle and local relationships
and working Factory System…
classes, and caused As the factory system expanded, it encouraged the growth of financial businesses suh as Who had a greater impact on industrial
an increasing banking and insurance. development, Samuel Slater or Eli
separation between Whitney? Defend your answer.
home and Labor… U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade,
workplace, which At first, factory owners had difficulty finding workers for their mills. expanding its national borders, and
led to dramatic
isolating itself from European conflicts
transformations in Unions… shaped the nation’s foreign policy and
gender and in Regional interests continued to trump national concerns as the basis for many political leaders’
family roles and spurred government and private
positions on economic issues including slavery, the national bank, tariffs, and internal
expectations. initiatives.
improvements.
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both
died on July 4th 1826. Had they lived to
see the growth of northern factories
including the Lowell System, how might
they have responded?
The economic changes caused by the
market revolution had significant effects
on migration patterns, gender
and family relations, and the distribution of
political power.

A National Economy Continued… HEAVILY EMPHASIZED ON NEW FRAMEWORK!

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis
The economic Commercial Agriculture… Alexis de Tocqueville's theory of
changes caused by The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration Democracy as communicated in
the market patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power. Democracy in America (written in the
revolution had 1830s) included the principle that
significant effects Cheap Land and Easy Credit… democracy (and its success in terms of
on migration The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration the nation) required equality of conditions
patterns, gender patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power. and potential for mobility. To what extent
and family did America have equality of conditions?
relations, and the Markets… Explain your answer.
distribution of The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration The economic changes caused by the
political power. patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power. market revolution had significant effects
on migration patterns, gender
The South Cotton and the South… and family relations, and the distribution of
remained The South remained politically, culturally, and ideologically distinct from the other sections, while political power.
politically, continuing to rely on its exports to Europe for economic growth.
culturally, and Explain why the Founders’ prediction that
ideologically Effects of the Market Revolution… slavery would peter out and die failed to
distinct from the happen during the early 1800s.
The economic changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on migration
other sections, The South remained politically, culturally,
patterns, gender and family relations, and the distribution of political power.
while continuing to and ideologically distinct from the other
rely on its exports sections, while continuing to rely on its
to Europe for exports to Europe for economic growth.
economic growth.
Had they known the future, would they
The market have fought harder to end slavery in the
revolution helped 1770s and 1780s? Explain your rationale.
to widen a gap Jefferson is stating that the northerners
between rich and were more in to justice, while the
poor, shaped southerners were more interested in self-
Women…
emerging middle preservation. Jefferson did not see the
Women were gaining relatively more control over their lives.
and working compromise as a success.
classes, and caused Economic and Social Mobility…
an increasing Read Historical Perspectives on pp 165-
Regional interests continued to trump national concerns as the basis for many political leaders’
separation between 166. Support or Refute the viewpoint that
positions on economic issues including slavery, the national bank, tariffs, and internal
home and Thomas Jefferson inspired the Monroe
improvements.
workplace, which Doctrine.
led to dramatic Regional interests continued to trump
Slavery…
transformations in national concerns as the basis for many
The rapid growth of the cotton industry led to a rapid growth in slavery as well.
gender and in political leaders’ positions on economic
family roles and issues including slavery, the national
Population of Enslaved African Americans chart…
expectations. bank, tariffs, and internal improvements.
As time progressed, slavery grew in the south and became scarce in the north.
Regional interests
continued to trump
national concerns
as the basis for
many political
leaders’ positions
on economic
issues including
slavery, the
national bank,
tariffs, and internal
improvements.

Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School

Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination ,
College Board Advanced Placement United States History Framework, and other sources as cited in document and collected/adapted over 20 years of teaching and collaborating..