Tracy Lenn Joe L.

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MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN

- There's so many things that i want to know when i was little, questions that
needed answers, but now some of my questions got an answer. I've learned
about this topic is how each parts function to our body, like in female
reproductive organ, the uterus (womb) is the hollow, pear shaped organ that is
the home to a developing fetus and the ovaries are the small, oval- shaped glands
that are located on either side of the uterus, and produce eggs and hormones.
Like every parts has it's own function in our body or we can say role that need to
fulfilled. Same goes in male reproductive organ, for example is the testicles, these
are oval organs about the size of large gloves that lie in the scrotum, secured at
either end by a structure called the spermatic cord.
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PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING BY EDWARD THORNDIKE

- I've learned about this is how principles of learning include readiness, exercise,
effect, primacy, recency, intensity and freedom. Readiness implies a degree of
willingness and eagerness of an individual to learn something new and to gained
more experiences. Exercise states that those things most often repeated are best
remembered and these are the basic principles. Edward Thorndike was an
influential psychologist who is often referred to as the founder of modern
educational psychology. He was perhaps best-known for his famous puzzle box
experiments with cats which led to the development of his law of effect.
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY BY IVAN PAVLOV

- Ivan Pavlov studied the behavior of dogs and developed a theory of classical conditioning,
which explains how people associate two stimuli in their minds and react to one of them as
though it was the other. He may not have set out to change the face of psychology, but his
work had a profound and lasting influence on the science of the mind and behavior. His
discovery of classical conditioning helped establish the school of thought known as
behaviorism.The Classical Conditioning Theory was proposed by a Russian Physiologist Ivan
Pavlov. According to this theory, behavior is learnt by a repetitive association between the
response and the stimulus.There are three stages to classical conditioning. The first stage is
understandably, before conditioning. This stage is when an unconditioned stimulus in the
environment produces an unconditioned response. The second stage is during conditioning and
this is when the unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus. As Saul McLeod
states in his article, Classical Conditioning, “Often during this stage the UCS must be
associated with the CS on a number of occasions, or trials, for learning to take place”. The
third stage is after conditioning and this is basically that the conditioned stimulus has been
established and is connected to the conditioned response.
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OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY BY B.F SKINNER

- Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments
for behavior. What i realized to this topic is we need to know pur behavior whether it is right or
wrong, we need to think first before we react, because every little thing that we do without
having a enough knowledge will lead us to something bad and consequences. Through operant
conditioning, an individual makes an association between a particular behavior and a
consequence. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A behaviorist,
he developed the theory of operant conditioning -- the idea that behavior is determined by its
consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that
the behavior will occur again.
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BRAIN

- I've learned about this is how each parts of it has it own function to our body, like do we even
know how many parts has our brain? and how each of it function everyday. The brain has a
three main parts the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Cerebrum: is the largest part of the
brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs higher functions like
interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and
fine control of movement. Cerebellum: is located under the cerebrum. Its function is to
coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance. Brainstem: acts as a relay
center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic
functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion,
sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing. And our memory is a complex process that
includes three phases: encoding (deciding what information is important), storing, and
recalling. Different areas of the brain are involved in different types of memory.

Tracy Lenn Joe L. Seril

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ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY

- This stage plays an essential role in developing a sense of personal identity

which will continue to influence behavior and development for the rest of a
person's life. While Erikson believed that each stage of psychosocial development
was important, he placed a particular emphasis on the development of ego
identity. The development starts from infant until old age. Childhood is a time of
tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during
adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. During infancy
and toddlerhood, children easily attach to others. Because infants are utterly
dependent on caregivers for food, clothing, warmth, and nurturing, Erik Erikson
determined that children's primary task during this first psychosocial stage of life
is to learn to trust their caregivers

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PSYCHO ANALYTIC THEORY

SIGMUND FREUD
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MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY BY LAWRENCE KOHLBERG

- Kohlberg used the idea of moral dilemmas, stories that present conflicting ideas about two
moral values to teach 10 to 16 year old boys about morality and values and he believed that
moral development, like cognitive development follows a series of stages. Each level has it's
own meaning or level of morality and each stages has it's own level, like for example, in level 1
is preconventional, stage 1, obedience and punishment orientation.
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PRENATAL PERIOD

- The prenatal development begins on the last day of the eighth week after
fertlization and continues until birth. This period is generally divided into three
stages: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage. The two-
week period after conception is called the germinal stage. Fetal growth is from 8
to 40 weeks, embryo at 8 weeks, fetus at 12 weeks and so on.
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GERMINAL PERIOD

- This is the period of prenatal development that takes place in the first 2 weeks
after conception. 1. is the ovulation: An egg cell from the ovary enters the
fallopian tube at 9-16 days of menstrual cycle. 2. The fertilization usually takes
place in the upper third of the tube, within 24 hours after ovulation. 3. The 24-30
hours after fertilization male (sperm) and female (egg) chromosome material
unite. 4. Egg cell divides for the first time. 5. 36 hours after fertilization: 2 cells. 6.
48 hours after fertilization: 4 cells. 7. 3 days: A cluster of 16-32 cells. 8. 4 days: A
hollow ball of about 100 cells. 9. 4-5 days: Zygote enters the uterus. 10. 6-7 days:
Zygote begins to attach to the wall of the uterus. 11. 12-14 days: Zygote is
completely implanted in the uterine walll. These are the processes that i've
learned on how the zygote got implanted in the uterus.