Four-Stroke Petrol Engine

Submited by : Aymen Gulzar

Registeration no : 18-EE-88
Contents

Part 1 Introduction

Part 2 Construction of Engine

Part 3 Working Principle

Part 4 Applications
 Intoduction of 4-stroke engine
ØThe four stroke engine was first demonstrated by Nikolaus Otto in
18761, hence it is also known as the Otto cycle. The technically correct
term is actually four stroke cycle. The four stroke engine is probably
the most common engine type nowadays. It powers almost all cars
and trucks.
ØA four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC)
engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while
turning the crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston
along the cylinder, in either direction.
ØThe four strokes of the cycle are intake, compression, power, and
exhaust.
 Construction of 4-stroke engine
Following are the various parts of 4-stroke engine:
1.Inlet valve:
Itsunction is to intake the fresh air-fuel mixture into the cylinder.
2.Exhaust valve:
Its function is to exhaust the burnt gases by the force of piston.
3.Piston:
It is connected to the crankshaft through the connection rod when piston
moves downward , it sucks fresh air and fuel mixture in suctionstroke and
ignited inside the cylinder due to the high temperature and pressure
generated thus expands to force down the piston.
4.Crank pin:
It is journal of the big end bearings, at the end of the connecting rods
opposite to the pistons.
5.Crank case:
In an internal combustion engine of the reciprocating type,the crank case
is the housing for the crankshaft.
6.Carborator:
It is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine.
7.Spark plug:
It is used in petrol engine only which is help to ignite te air-fuel mixture for
combustion.
 4-Stroke
petrol engine

02
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 Working Principle
Following are the four strokes of engine:

1. Intake

2. Compression

3. Expansion/Power

4. Exhaust
1) Intake :
During the intake stroke, the piston
moves downward, drawing a fresh
charge of vaporized fuel/air mixture.
The illustrated engine features a
poppet intake valve which is drawn
open by the vacuum produced by the
intake stroke. Some early engines
worked this way; however, most
modern engines incorporate an extra
cam/lifter arrangement as seen on the
exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is held
shut by a spring (not illustrated here).
2)Compression:
As the piston rises, the poppet valve is
forced shut by the increased cylinder
pressure. Flywheel momentum drives
the piston upward, compressing the
fuel/air mixture.

3)Power:
At the top of the compression stroke,
the spark plug fires, igniting the
compressed fuel. As the fuel burns it
expands, driving the piston downward.
4) Exhaust:
At the bottom of the power stroke, the
exhaust valve is opened by the
cam/lifter mechanism. The upward
stroke of the piston drives the
exhausted fuel out of the cylinder.
4-Stroke process cycle
 Applications of 4-Stroke Engine

• Four stroke engines have higher fuel efficiency in comparision to two

stroke engines.
• The four stroke petrol engines are the most commonly used engines in
today’s automobile sector and vehicles, both in cases of single cylinder
and multi cylinder applications.
• Four stroke petrol engine commonly used in petrol cars, motorbikes,
scooters, small propeller aircrafts, formula one, small motor powered
boats, auto-rickshaw, water spray systems, etc.
• The petrol four stroke has a wide application since the higher value of the
low end punch capabilities of the engines.
Thankyou.....