Basics of Engineering Mechanics

BASICS BEFORE MECHANICS
A) BASICS of ALGEBRA:
1) Basic properties and facts.
Prof. H.J. Joshi (M.Tech) (M-98228 55522) .For Private Circulation Only. (Total pages-18) 2
2) Factoring and solving
B) CALCULUS
1) Differentiation:
a) General Rules of differentiation.
In following, u, v, w are functions of x and a,b,c and n are constants.
b) Derivative of Trigonometric functions
b) Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic functions
2) Integration
3) Minimization and Maximization
C) TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
1) Relationship between trigonometric functions.
2) Functions of negative angles
3) Addition formulas
4) Double angle formulas
5) Half angle formulas
2t
sin θ =
1+t 2
1- t 2
cos θ = where t = tan θ2
1+t 2
2t
tan θ =
1- t 2
6) Relation between sides and angles of plane triangle
D) PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

1) Angle between two inclined lines
Case I: Theorem of two Normals
If two inclined lines are perpendicular to each other, then angle made by one
line with horizontal is equal to angle made by other with vertical.
Case II: Two inclined lines in same quadrant

When two inclined lines running in same quadrant, then
Acute Angle between them = Difference of their angles with horizontal
= θA – θB
Case III: Two inclined lines in different quadrant
When two inclined lines running in different quadrant, then
Angle between them = Sum of their angles with horizontal
= θA + θB
2) Trianle
a) Right triangle
b) Isosceles
c) Equilateral
3) Parallelogram
4) Regular polygon.
For any regular polygon, following key solvers are important
i) Each interior angle =
 2n  4  900
where n = No of sides
n
ii) If we join all angular points from any one angular point, then the interior angle is
equally divided. (see fig. below)
iii) Joining of alternate angular point will form an isosceles triangle.
5) Irregular polygonal plane laminas.

For the geometric solution of such laminas, subdivide the lamina into right
triangles and rectangles such that each inclined line will be hypotenuse.
6) Circle and two tangents from common point.
7) Standard geometric formulae’s
Let’s Practice
1 A rope is wounded around two pulleys as
shown. Find the angle between rope tangents
at each pulley.
Ans: 35O at Pulley A
75O at Pulley B
2 A rope is wounded around two pulleys as

shown. Find the angle between rope tangents
at each pulley.
Ans: 125O at Pulley A
24O at Pulley B
3 Find angle between lines AB, AC and AD

Ans: Angle between AB-AC = 21.12O
Angle between AC-AD = 62.97O
4 A cylinder is resting on inclined planes as

shown. Find angles θ and β
Ans: θ = 53.13O, β = 40O
5 If diameter of roller is 20cm and AB = 60cm,
find angle θ and α.
Ans: θ = α = 18.92O
6 For the frame shown if diameter of cylinder is

5cm, determine CD, CE.
Ans: CD = CE = 6.87cm
7 If the length of bar AB is 40cm and diameter of

pulley B is 50mm, find inclination of rope CD
with wall.
Ans: 66.34O
8 For the two cylinders shown, if radius of A is

1.5m and that of B is 1m, find inclination of AB
with horizontal.
Ans: 56.54O
9 For the two cylinders shown, if radius of A is

800mm and that of B is 450mm, find
inclination of AB with horizontal.
Ans: 13.74O
10 If diameter of cylindrical pipe is 500mm, find
inclination of BC with vertical.
Ans: 26.57O
11 If AC = 6m, BC = 3m, find AB and its angle

with horizontal.
Ans: 7.937m, 40.9O
12 If radius of cylinder A is 0.5m and radius of B

is 0.75m, find inclination of line joining centers
of A and B.
Ans: 53.13O with horizontal.
13 A bar AB is 8m long has G is its center,

knowing cord length BC is 4m, find DG.
Ans: DG = (8cosθ – 4)
14 Determine BD and its inclination.

Ans: 357.95mm, 12.1O with horizontal.
15 For the frame shown, radius of pulley is 0.3m.

Determine AE, BC and angle of cord. (E and C
are at same level)
Ans: AE = 5.774m, BC = 3.887m,
5.74O with horizontal.
16 Determine inclination of CE, distance CD.
Ans: 36.87O with horizontal, CD = 6cm.
17 Determine i) inclination of CD and AC.

ii) distance ED and AC.
Lines CE and AB is horizontal.
Ans: i) Angle of CD = 56.55O with horizontal
Angle of AC = 23.41O with horizontal
ii) ED = 11.2m, AC = 13.08m
18 Find angle CED, distance BD and ED.
Ans: Angle CED = 23.41O, BD = ED = 4.33m
19 For a regular pentagon of side ‘a’ shown,

determine angle BED, distance AF and FG. AG
is perpendicular to CD.
Ans: Angle BED = 72O with horizontal,
AF = a sin36, FG = a sin72
20 For a polygonal plate shown, determine AB and

BC.
Ans: AB = 43.81cm, BC = 21.96cm.
21 For a polygonal plate shown, determine BE.
Ans: BE = 3.07m.
22 A cable ABCD is of length 7m. Knowing that AB

is 2m, CD is 1.5m and BC is horizontal, find
angles θ and β.
Ans: θ = 83.62O and β = 48.19O
23 A cable ABC is of length 15m, determine angle

θ and y.
Ans: θ = 48.19O, y = 6.09m
Hint: Catch given lengths ABC and horizontal
distance.
Magic Box
1 Quadratic: Ans:
a) 1.2x 2  4x  10  0 a) x1  5, x 2  1.67,
b) 1.6cos 2 θ  45 cos θ  30  0 b) cos θ = 46.90
c) 0.2v 2  12v  15  0 c) v1  1.22, v 2  61.22,
9.81x 2
d)  tan30 x x -1.2=0 d) x = 14.53, -1.82
2x144cos2 30
2 Cubic: Ans:
a) 5.3x 3  12.03x 2  25  0 a) x1  1.17, x 2  x 3  1.72
3 Simultaneous: Ans:
a) 1.2x  4y  10,  3x  8y  25 a) x  0.926, y  2.78
b) 10FAB  4FAC  8.5,  1.9FAB  6.3FAC  0 b) FAB  0.96, FAC  0.29
c)  637.65a  4414.5  7p, c) a  2.5, p  858.38
 4414.53 + 735.75a  3p
4 Determinant: Ans:
 2 0.2 5 
 
a)  4 2.1 3  a) 5.391
 0.18 0.02 0.845 
 
 0.117 0.702 0.702 
  b) 1.872
b)  5 2 1 
 3 6 5 

 0.894 0.447 0 
 
c)  4 1 4  c) -284.55
 54.88 76.83 32.93 
 
5 Cross Product: Ans:
 ˆi ˆj k
ˆ 
 
a)  3 0 0  a) 240ˆj
 60 0 80 
 
 ˆi ˆj ˆ 
k
  b) 7680iˆ  28800ˆj  28800kˆ
b)  300 0 80 
 120 96 128 
 
6 Solver: Ans:
a)  (T cos 36.87x150)  (T sin 36.87x100) a) T = 30
 (36x150)  0
b) 0.24P  (58.86  0.12P)  (12x9.81) b) P = 163.5
N cos10.62
c)  N1 sin10.62  1  51x9.81 c) N1  190.67
0.35
 1  d) t=391.7
d) (t  299.54) 6.944  (27.778  6.944)  1600
 2 
9.81x4.52
e)  0.9  4.5 tan 0  e) v=10.505
2v 2 cos 2 0
9.81x0.752 f) v=4.716
f ) 1  0.75 tan 70 
2v 2 cos 2 70

Basics of Engineering Mechanics

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BASICS BEFORE MECHANICS

b) Derivative of Trigonometric functions

b) Derivative of Exponential and Logarithmic functions

4) Double angle formulas

5) Half angle formulas

D) PLANE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Case II: Two inclined lines in same quadrant

5) Irregular polygonal plane laminas.

7) Standard geometric formulae’s

2 A rope is wounded around two pulleys as

3 Find angle between lines AB, AC and AD

4 A cylinder is resting on inclined planes as

6 For the frame shown if diameter of cylinder is

7 If the length of bar AB is 40cm and diameter of

8 For the two cylinders shown, if radius of A is

9 For the two cylinders shown, if radius of A is

11 If AC = 6m, BC = 3m, find AB and its angle

12 If radius of cylinder A is 0.5m and radius of B

13 A bar AB is 8m long has G is its center,

14 Determine BD and its inclination.

15 For the frame shown, radius of pulley is 0.3m.

17 Determine i) inclination of CD and AC.

19 For a regular pentagon of side ‘a’ shown,

20 For a polygonal plate shown, determine AB and

22 A cable ABCD is of length 7m. Knowing that AB

23 A cable ABC is of length 15m, determine angle

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