J.J. Baxdac, H. A. Kysneyoe _ MPOU3SBOACTBO VU PEMOHT WMNKOBbIX My3bIKabHbIX WHCTPYMCHTOBBBK 37.27 B23 YILK 681.817.5.002.2 : 64 Bangac JI. JI., Kysneuos M.A. B23 TlpouspogcrBo Mm peMOHT UMMKOBLIX MY3bIKaJIb- HLIX HHCTpyMeHtos.—M.: Jlerkan un muUleBast npom-crp, 1983, — 288 c. Onneaws: KonerpyKAHN MHNKODES ysBUKAREMONX uLerpyseHTOB: Fa rap, Gaiasack, omp, Maizomm, ap. TIpenctasnena ‘Texnoaorna Wx Apoissoxersa. Hata xapaktepiciika MavepHe.ios, NpUMCHAEMIx MpMt 19 rorowaemiut mietpy Mentos, Cheusladona pasnen wocHAMeH penoury rurap, Gazanack, XOMP aanaonan (astop M.A. Kysnenos). ‘flaw kuoerepno-remmuacerns | paovmxen x wactepos npeanpust wa No MpousboxerBy N PeMONTy UUNKOBLIX MYSUKaAbEDIX WHCTpyMeHTOD, 3108000000 — 200 0 ot 83 BBK 37.27 044 (01) — 83 6119.4 Peuensent: ninxenep 3unossea B. B. Jlee sTunosux Baxdac, Heat Aaexcandposue Kysneyoo Tipoussoscrso m pemonr uuanxoserx MY3HIKaJbHbIx HHCTpyMeHTOB Penaxrop O.M, Bapmuona _Xynoxnuk T. A. Keri Xynoxecrsersiil peraxtop HW. B. Ta prawn nit Texunuecknii penaxtop B. B. YepexKopa Koppextopit H. M1, Barma, f. A. Kasaxoaa MB Xe 792 Gano» xaGop 15.12. Tlonamcano w novarh 9.0583, T-I1051. . @opatar 60X90!he Bywata miworpadecas Ne 2 Jnreparypuan capauTypa. Mewar niicoxas. OGrem, 18.0. Yer Ma. 180. Yeu kpoorr. 1895, Ya-nan, a, 21.2. Tapa 7500 9x3, Saxaa 1066. Lena 1 9. 20 x. Vaxaseancrao TPOHSOIO OT HasRaHHs ApeBHerpeyeckoro MYSbIKadb- KOTO HHCTpymeHta «kudapa» (KuTapa). B oramutle or sion, rurapa MMexa HOcKHH Kopnye ¢ Gosee naMHHBIM rpH- Gox, mpixacerayio mogctapky H pesouatopiioe orseperae Ha jek. Br xoune XVI B. utupokoe pacnpoctpatterHe B Expome, a sarem up AMepike nonyausa ue- hauckaa mecructpyanian rHrapa, B Poceun rurapa nospnsact nosaiec, sem B apyrax crpaxax,—p cepesuue XVHI b. i, Kak H Beaze, Guietpo pacupocrpamiaace, crasta nony.\mpium wn s0- Sm ticrpysenroM. Ocnosusie upieiis: Sonbmoit nonyaaptocrn ruyaput — ec yuubepeauocts # nopratunnoers. Heckousko Goxee nosamuit anetpyment—rak HasnBacMas ravafickas rurapa, Ha Koropoit mrpaior muexrpom (MegHaropom), mpmxnnan ctpyue meramauuecnoh maacrmuKoit B XIX 5, na Sanaye noayynaa mpsnanne mectucrpytas rirapa. B Poccu 8 sTOT Hepoa pactipoctpawiitdch cemcrpysias rHtapa, vTo n stasiremnoit wepe Guito sacayro# Auapes Ocunonnya Cuxps (1773—1850). Cuxpa Gua aameuaresy: HBIM PYCcKMM THrapHCTOM HM KOMMOSHTOpOM, aBTOPOM pa MIpoHsBeReNMit pa THe Taps, THSMaTeNes PAsMNTHEIX 2AypuAOS aK rHTapHeToB. ShauRTemHad pons BD Mponarauge pycckoll cemcrpyntoli rurapp npHaqaeKuT NelickoMy = ratapicty Mrnauy Teapzy. B kactosutee ppeMa rutapa craza nonyaxpHim HucTpyMeHToM B OnTy — nna conponoxsenia nema, compHon urpe. Ha welt unpaior Mitamlous myanxanton- moouTenel, npodeccnouan. Hom pa—crapmazit pycexni naporuwi uunkopuit mysscansuni mictpy- Meu. Tleppoe ynomunanne 0 AOMpe B pyccKUX aHTepaTypHHX NaMATHHKAX oTHOCHT- ca x XVI 8. Hompy ucnomsosaak waponuiie mysexanTHt-cxoMopoxH, cosnapiitic cemeiicTao AoMp pasaHAatiyx crpoes H pasmepos. OsvaKo TOApOOHBIX omMcaii H Hs0Gpaxennit omp Toro nepHona we coxpaHutocy. Bo 2-f nomopaHe XVII B. AOMPHL, Kak H BCe MYSEKAABILE HHCTPyMeHTS!, MOABePrasIHc TOHeHEIO CO Cropotttt AYXOBEHCTBA H CoBepILERHO BHIULIN us YHOTPeGAeHIR B xoune XIX B. nog pykosogctBom Komnosntopa B. B. Auapeesa tpexctpyx- Naa qompa Osa Boccranosena NO YerHBIM Mpemainam x pexoncrpyupopatia Tepsan vertipexctpysiaa xompa Guiza cognaua p 1908 r. aompHeToM A. jzipH- xxepom T. TI. Jhosusostat conmectio © macrepow C. Bypostist. Crpofi sto nom. PH —xenUTOBBIl, 7. e. axanorHueH CrpoIO CKDNKH HAH watinosAHH. B wacroauiec Bpema Jompy MEPOKO MpuMeHsIoTeA B OpKectpax pyccKUx Ha- POAWEIX HHCTPYMeHTOB: TpexcTpyHHNe—B OMPORO-GasanaeiHEIX, YeTEIpeXcTpYH- Mble — B RoMpOBetx. Banasaixa—raxme pyccxui naponuoi wyssxamunit uucrpymerr. Tone uenne Oananaiiku ornocuTca x Kowiy XVII B, xoTa mepabe ynoMinanus o Holt Berpeuaiotes B anrepatype Havana XVIII B. Sayk na Gasadatixe HsbAeKa? cneMHasHHM mpHeMoM — Gpauantem, Kacanch crpyk KORWHKaMH Tpex Mambnes HM BbishBat OpeHianne uxcTpyMenta, orkyaa i NpoHsom0 HasRaHHe 331,5 0 Boxa 1430) IT Coniten 1200 18 Amount 5250 18 JTaryus 3420 15~20 Uyryn 3850 15—20 Mess 3580 15-20 Cram 5050 15—20 Cxopocts pacnpoctpanenua ssyka (u/c) 8 pasmuuex noponax APeBECHHE H HO PasHBM HaNpaBaennaM: B ranrex- Brom B pannamuon —_uannnont nonocon “wanbabacua —anpaanelin Coetia 5030 1450 850 fasta 4600 1525 360 Steen 5065 1510 1370 yo 475 1665 1400 Kaen 4450 1670 1125 Bepeaa. 3625 1995 1535 0 5060 1485 1135 5250 1470 880 AaHHEIX BHAHO, YTO Obicrpee Cero sByK pacmpocrpanner- CA BYOAb BOAOKOH, MenseHHee —p paguaasHoM 1 cille Memueince 8 TaHrentMaatbHom HallpaBaenitax Cocras koxe6aunii— naanune uau orcyrcreue 8 zantiom Ko- se6anHm npocrefimax coctasasiontMx xoneGanui. KoneGanna 6sinaior npocramn a caoxKunuini, Tpoctoe xoueba- bile — 90 TapMonuyeckoe KoneGaTenbHoe xpEKCHHe, mpeLerantso. Wee coGoh cunyconzampHoe KoueGauHe. Cpaduseckn’ rapmonuecnoe KoneGanue wsobpaxaeres cunycousoit. Caoactie Koaebaiia pel. Grabisot Co6oH cyMMY mpocrinx rapvonHueckHx KoneGauit ¢ pad SWMHBIMH TepuosaMn, aMmiTyaMit H TacroraMu B npupote npeoGsanaior caoxuste xoaeGanns. Kaan sayk Mpexerapaser coboi coueranue MHOrHx TOHOB, BKMOAAIOINUX KOAeoR RNA Herowunka sayka i ero wacrei (noxopune, tperii, uernepTi HT. 2), KONC6MOMUXCA KaxKaA B OTAeNDNOCTH CO cBONMH Yacto, Tau. Aumantyaa, vactora, nponoaKurenbiocts 1 coctay KoneGauutt 2 Hal omyutennax orpaxaiorea wa KayecrBe sayxa. Bee MystiKant, Hble SBYKU Xapaxrepusylorea onpexexeHHBIMH KavecTaaMu, a uMenio. BucorOll, rpoMKOCTHIO, aUTeASHOCTHIO H TeMOpoM. Bucota spyxa sancet or yactorm sayKosnx KoneGaiifi: eM Ona Oombure, Tem sRyK Bbiure, Hu HaoGopor. B Myanixe Haxossr NpuMeHeHHe wut» OKOA0 100 sByxoR ¢ wacroTo# oT 16 10 4500 no- JeGarnti B cexyaay. SayKn © GOasineH Yactoroit Gene obeprouanit MOTOMY MasoBbipasnresibii. a . . =-_-_6_msf Sanui: YeM ona Goapine, rem sbyk rpomue. TpomKoctuiah manson 9Take OrpaniieH: THXHe sByKU TpeSyior HaNpAMKeHHA cayxa, a rpoM- Kile — BuisbiBaioT GoseBbie oMymenHs. Waureabkocts sByKa sanucur or mpomomkurensuoctu Ko- aeGannit, saBHcAMLel, B CBOIO OYeperD, OT ATHTeAbHOCTH BosAelCTBHA Bos6yxAaiomlet cHaBI, Tem6p (oKpacka) 3ByKa sapucur or ero cocrapa, 7. e. oF Haus OGepTOHOB, conyTeTByIOMUx OcHOBHOMY TORY. Bosee noxpo6- HO BoMpoc 0 KavecTBe 3nyKa GyseT paccMoTpeH B raaBe oO pacoTe crpy# MY3bIKAJIBHAS. [PAMOTA 3ayk M My3biKa. Hs orpomuoro KoauuecTBa sByKoR, BocnpHHNMae- MBIX YeOBeYeCKUM YOM, B MYSBIKe, KaK GMTO YKagaHO BBllile, pH Mexserca oKo10 100. CosokynHocth ynotpeOunemux B MysbiKe oBy- KoB onpexedenuioh Biicorst OOpasyer My3bIKaabHytO cucreMty. Mamata Pa ovmata be onnake bn oxmate Leizowneaw. mama 2 ontate bri orator Pue. 1. Jluanason saysamns muInKOBbIx MyabKaMbUBIX HuCTpyMeHtTOS MyspikanbHaa cucrema, mpunaraa 8 enponelicKoii, a Take B pyc- cKoli Kaaccn4eckoli MysbiKe, CnoxKHsAAch Npexye BeeTO B pesyabTaTe nenyeckoH mpaxtukn, Tostomy B My3HKaylbHOh aHTepatype B OcHOB- Hom IpuMensorcs sByKH ¢ Yacrétamn or 80 (Gac) zo 1400 (conpa- HO) KoseGanuli B cekyHyty. Tlocaexosarenbiocth Bcex sByKoB, ynoTpeOaReMMX B MYSEIKe, HOTT SBYKOB Kaxoli-0160 MY3HIKadJbHOl CHCTeMB, MY3EKanBHOrO MHCTpY- MeHTa, PACHOMOXCHULIX B MOCTEMeHHO BOCKORILeM HK HHCKOMsILEM TOpsanKe, HasHIBaeTcA 3BYKOPANON, 3ayKoBoi OFbEM MO BHICOTe YeIOBeYeCKoro TosOca, MYSbIKAmBHOTO unerpymeuta, sByxopag® u 7. 2, Hocur HagnaHue AUanagona (pne. 1). Cootmomenne aayx sByKon m0 Bucore, 7. €, nO YHCAy ux KoseOarmii, HasbibaeTes KuTepBATOM Awanason onpexenserca paccrosuem (witeppanom) mexay ca- MBIM HHSKIM # CAMBIM BEICOKHM 3BYKAMH TOs1Oca, HHCTpyMeHTa, 3By- 10KoBoll AuanasOh NPUMEHAEMEX B MySHKE SByKOB ReaNTeR Ha rpyunhi, Hasbipaemnie OKTABaM UL. Kanan oxraza uMeer 12 pasauunsx spykos, 7 ta KOTOPHX Ha- SeIBaIOTCH OcHOBHLINN sByKaMHM— ToHaMu. Hm jaHbt cnOroRbIe Ha3~ Banta: 00, pe, nu, da, coae, aa, cu. Octalbisle sByKU #BAGOTCH pO- USRORKLIMK OT OCHOBHEIX, Kaxjbii TOH us0OpaxkacteR ua HOTHOM cTave sHaKOM, HasHBaeMuM HOTOH Hureppaait mexny ToHamu do u pe, pe 1 mu, oa H coav, cons AA cocTaBisiOoT TOH, a MexAY aun da, cu n Ao (cxemyioMell oKTA- shi) Nony Tox, Monyrox apaserca HauMeHbINMM unTepBaiOM HO BLI- core Tou. Henpepsipiioe 1 nocuegosarenbHoe cneqozanue Bcex noayroHos OKTaBAI HagbiBaeTeR XpOMATHUYECKOH rammoit, Alaa oGosHaueHua ToHOB, KpoMe cnoroRKx HasBannii, nomay!oTeR 6yKBaMit waTHticKoro axdapnra: Cuorosiie asBatnin Go pe xu a cone an cu Byksennue saspanua ede f} g ak Kaacqat oxrapa umeer cpoe nasnanne, CaMoli unaKoi oxtazoit apanerex cyOKoHTpoKrasa, 3a Hell B cropoxy noBiineNHA caemyiO KoHTpoKtasa, Goubuaa U Madan OKTaBK H faee —nepsas, BTOpas, tpetoa iH verseprax oKTapLl. Beero, TaKHM O6pasom, BOCeM oKTaD, KOTOPHIMH HO3yIOTCH B COBPeMeHHOM MysEIKe, Caorosite Haspanis GyKBeHHEe OGosiaieHuA sByKoB cyOKORTp- OKABE, KOHTPOKTABLI H GOabiIO OKTABH HaYEHAIOTeR ¢ GoaLIOH 6yxen, HasBaHus sByKoB OcTaabHBX oKTaB — c Masoii. K 6yxeam u caorosuim uaapanlim snyKon mpucoeauHaior coor Bererayioune nubpur: 1, 2, 8, 4, 5. pu stom y nassanuil, onpere- ANOUK SBYKH CYOKONTPOKTABH MK KONTPOKTABL, uMpH craBsTeN 3a Syxvolt na caorom BHu3y; y HasBanuli, onpegenmomlx spyKn B nep- Boil, BTOpOi HT. x, OKTaBAX, uMppLL CrasAT 3a OyKBoH nau caorom BBepXy: Cy6xourpoxrana Ty, Az Kounpoxrapa Way, Ay Boabiras oxtana as, A Manat > aa, a Tepsax > asi,’ al Bropas > as a? Teron > a8, a Yersepraa > ast, at B vornoll sannen Kaxzomy Tony Kaxxqol oKtasis cootsererpyer cBoe erporo onpestesenioe mecto. acts MysiiKaubuoro HanasoHa, oTaMuaiouleroen xapaxrepnott apyKonoft OKpackoll, uasuisaerca permeTpom. Husxny perictpont cautTaior sByKH cyOKOMTpOKTaBh, KORTPOKTaBH HM ComBUIO! OKTABL, Cpexnum perterpom— asyk Maaoii, nepsofi propoli oxran, Tperbio, versepryio m msty! OKTABN cuNTaIoT BepxHMM, BEcoKUM perictpom. Zax oGosuavenna ssyxos nombayloren cnenHaAbHBIMH sHauKaMH— HOTAMM, HSO6paxkaemHMH B BHAe TepABIX HIM MOM OBaLOB 1A ukpyakkon. Horst pacnonaraior Ha HotHom crane, wm HoToHOcHe, co- ctonutem 3 maTH auHeeK, CueT siieex nme cHusy BBepx. B tom 2Ke HanpaBiennt YBeMHUMBAeTCA H 1acTOTA KONeOaHIl — BLicoTa 3a: Mucbisaewbix Horan spyxon, Horst mauytes wa auuelikax H Mexy uM, JLIA saituictt OH BKICORUX HAM OveHb HMSKUX SByKOB MOMDsyIOT- ca JOSanowMUMH THNeHKAMH, KOTOPKIe MMMYT KOPOTKHMH YeproUKaMK OTAEMbHO JIA KaxKLOl HOTE BBMIe HIM HHXKe HOTHOTO craHa. aes Jas oGosayenns Goxee BLCOKNX NaH HISKHX HOT upuMenstOT Tak HasupaeMal 8HaK MepeHoca Ha OKTaBy 8—— pume samicanoro n 8, mime samucatmoro. JLaa n0- pbillleliia Ha OKTaBy 9TOT 3HaK MHILY'T Hax HOTHEIM craHoM, ja T° HivkeHlin Ha OKTaBy — nox HHM. JLelicrBHe sHaka mporomxaercs 10 MecTa OKOTMalia NYHKTHpHO! sHHH. a g.- Hanucaxo Hloawno — Hanucano — Jfoxseno Gero Goxre Sayku # us0Sparkatoule Hx HOTE OniBaIoT pasHolt szMTeABHOCTH. Iam o6osauenus gaurenbHocTH spyKoB K HOTaM cnpapa (BBepx) uaut cea (BiH) MpnGaBasioT RepriiKadbHUe YepTOuKH HasuBaeMue iri SSE] tereep rman mi = *« SE=| rrososunnas nora Heaan nora Koporane nora oSosHasaiores TaK: 12ts a ———— , SS S65 = SSS SSS Odna eocoman Mee soco.nowx Odna Ase mecrwadyaraa lwecraadyareix B caMom wa¥ane HoTHoro crana momen cron cnenuasbuEtit 3HaK — KmO¥, yeraHapauBaiomul BEICOTY H HasBanHe spyKa ua of- Holi M3 ero JMHeeK H, cuelOBaTeMbHO, OMpeseAmOMMA MecTO BCex OcTastbHBIX HOT Ha HOTONHCHE. HauGonee ynorpeGutemun ga Koo4a: cKpunmunett, umm KOU SS 2 Tlocae xatowa crasar pasmep raxra 2, CG au Ear Takt Haymuaerca Bcerita ¢ r1aBHol, HanGosee nosepKHYTO! om TakroBan YepTa— Beprukajpiad HHA, OTAeNTIOMad ON TaKT oF upyroro. Tlepepsin B spysanun Ha onpenesexHoii Moment Hasnmaercs nay3oi. TMaysu, kak W oGosHaveHus aqutenpuoctH sByKoB, OxIBaIoT Uedble, HOTOBHHTHDIe, NeTREPTHDe, BOCbMBIE HT. 1, Aol oKTaBBl. Coorsercreyer yeaoit nore Coorsercrayer noacaunnoit nore SE Coomererayer wersepinot nore Sz—=—=—__Conreererayer odwoit aocenont Toska, nocrapmenta cnpaBa or HOTM, yeaunpaer zaHTeABHOCTS HOrbI HanosoBuny. Sa pasio Se Tlompaysich nororocieM, Kmoxamn (ckpumiamim x Gaconum), 10- GapountbiMH AMHefiKaMM H SKaKOM Mepetioca Ha oKTaBy, MOIKHO 9am caTb Bee YHOTPeGTAeMBIe B MYSEIKe SBYKIE 13,I-n oxtaea 2a oxrana ee (a) cone ed ae ope oe = = oe #0 Pe MH $8 comme An cH ope pa com mt cH nO PO 3a oKTaRa 4a oxtana Aawrepauua. 3iaku aavrepanun, Bure vo rosopran, 90 HuTep- Baabi Mex HoTAMH Go 1 pe, (ba H CoAb, COab U ax, 28 H cu cocTAR- amioT TOH, a Mexay sw H ia, cu u do (caenyiomel oKraBH) coctas asior noaytod, B npoMexyrkax Mexkay TOHaMH pasMellieHs MpoHa- ROLE, MA AnBTepMPOBANHBIe OT OCHOBHDIX eTyMeHeh aByKM, NOWy- YeHHDIe MocpexCTBOM TMOBBIMEHHS WIM MOHILKeNHs OCHOBHOTO anyKa va novrona. Topbimenne Han woWDKeHe OCHOBHIX 3ByKOB OKTABH Hasbipaeret adbTepannel, Suacu aavrepauum eneayromne: dues, nopsimaer HoTy Ha noaTOHa; —~ Genoae, nonmxaer uory xa nonToua > u @yO20-6emoas (aBoiKCl Gemoas), noMMKaer. HOTY Ha Ton # =< ~—dy6a0-dues (avokoh ques), noBiMaer Bory Ha TOU; fl — Gexap, ormenser suaxu ansrepauutt. 3HaKn asbtepannn Gear KAIOUeREIe, BbICTaBaAReMBIe © mpanoli CTOPOUBI KOWa H AeliCTBYIOUMe YO KONILa MY3bIKaTLHOrO MpousBe- JeWia, H CAYUaHAbe, BLICTABIIeMIe nepek HOTOH m gefleTByIOMNe B npenesax taka, Ha HorHom crane sHaxm asprepaunm craastea 10 TeM 2Ke IpaBiaM, 4TO H HOT, Ha aMMeMKAX H Mexay aNHeliKaat, a sbyK noayuaer jigofinoe NaspaHite, cocrosmmce 13 HasBaHHs OCOD. Horo ToRa H HasBaHHA SHaKa aubTepaumn uampuMep, do-dues, cu-Ge- stove ¥ 7. 4. TIpn GyksenHom oGosHateHHn snykon—npn noptuenmtt Ha TloaToHa K GyKBe MpuGaBasOT OKOHHaKHe is-dues, npH noNIKe- HH Ha MosTOHA — oKOHYaHHe es-6emoas. Hanpumep, cis (do-dues), fis (a-dues), des (pe-Genoab), ges (coav-Genoao). Murepaaam, Buse me onpexeanau, uo coornouienne aByx apy- KOB Mo BUcOTe, 7. e. TO YHeAy UX KoneOanmil, HassBaeres wBTepBa- sami, (ta6a. 1). 4PABAMILA 1, MEPEYEHb HAMGONEE YNOTPEGHTEADHBIX HHTEPBANOD Coupanennoe conraecind Hasmanne wnreppasos ofan a Tipumep oF apyca 00 Uueras npuma wd 0 d0—a0 Manan cekynna m2 1 80 — 60-dues Boanuras cexyrta 6.2 2 d0— pe Maaan Tepuia wu. 3 3 do — pe-dues Boasuian tepmust 6.3 4 80 — nw Yuctas keapra a4 5 00 — a Vaenitenrax Keapra ye. 4 6 90 — qpa-dues Yutentuennas xpuura yu. 5 6 00 — coao-Genond Uncras xewara 15 7 80 —coav Maza cexera 6 8 80 — an-Senoar Bomuraz cexera 6.6 9 do— aa Maas cenraca M7 19 80 — cu-Genoae nouttas, cenTama OT u 80 — cu Yueras oxrana 28 12 60 —60 B mysbixe Beanunna unreppasa onpexeanerea Kom4ecrBOM TOmY- TOHOR, & B AKYerHKe — oTHOUeHHeM dncen KomeOanni: HanpuMep, B oKrawe YacTora Ko/eOaHHi BIGKHeTO SpyKa B 2 pasa MexBUIe YactoTH koueGaauit Bepxuero (1:2), B KBuHTe 970 OTHOMeHMe panHo 273, B xpapre 3:4. Hs npusexexnoit name ra6amum cranosires nousTHMM, 370 npen- crapaser coGoi crpoit uncrpymenta. Crpoii manjgoauHbt — KBHHTO- abil; 970 SHaMUT, YTO HHTepBad Mery cBOGoAHO HactpoeHMEIMH eTpy- HaMM papen cemH moayToHaM, T. e. KBMHTe (e? —al; a! —d!; d!—g). Crpoti Gasanack — Keaprosnili, 7. ©. uiteppad MexKay neppoi 1 Bropofi crpynamy, wacrpoeHHbiMa B yHcou c TpeTbel, pasex nATiL nouytonam —Kgapre (a2—el). Crpolt xomp tpexcrpynimrx rawKe Kpapropnii, uuTepBaa Mex~my nepBoi x BTopoil, Bropoi u TpeTDelt cmpyHaMit paben natu noayTonaM. Tospsyach stoi ta6amuell, xerko onpexennts nureppart Mey cHoGo1HO HacTpOeHHBIMH eTpyHaMH y UlecTHCrpyHHof rHTapE: MexK- ay nepsoii u Bropoi crpyHofi— nats noayronos — ancrat KBapta: MexY Bropo HM Tperbeli— uerbipe nosyToua — Gompuian vepuia 1 MexLY TpeTbel H YeTBEpTOH, YeTBepTO! H nATOI, MATOI W uIcCTOH — Na? MlomyToHOB — wera KBApTE Pacnoaroxenne-nor Ha crpyHax m slayax rpma mecruerpyHnoti TuTaphl ZaHO Ha pHe. 2, a WacroTa KoueCaHnit sByKoB—p Tad. 2. Hurepsaa, sayku KoToporo Bocmpouanoxates nocaenonaTeabno, nasbipactca MedoanuecKHM, HuTeppaa, 3ByKH KoTOporo poc. NPOMsROAATCH OAHOBPeMeHHO, HasbiBaeTen’ TapMONNTeCKUM (aaysnyuue). Coueranie us Tpex m Gomee apyKon cocranamer ak- Kopa. -LapMownueckue wateppase, y KoTOpbix vactéTH KoTeGanHit spy kop mpegetaganior npoctelitme coorkomenna 4:3 (xeapta), 5:4 (6. tepuus), 6:5 (st. Tepuna), 1:2 (oxrapa), 2:3 (kauuTa) OneHust oreyrcrByioT HM MajlOsaMeTAEL, sBy¥aT CHOKOHHO Hu HastIBaIOTCA Ko#CQHaucamn. TapMonuueckne unrepBasbt co cHOxHLIMN oT- HOWCHUAMH YactoT KoacGauHi uMeIOT aCHO CaBIMINMBIe 6HeHus, any- 15desis yourKdiouzsam xever u xeuAdua en Lon auNaKOLOUDe” "Md ERS 4 stl -pope f= Z eee agit £ a j _ e1 2 ledtdeo stashed ert et cet Foes Spa iS eee 2p atten ijl dea 24nd at aaPRTOGL 9S'ScrL OF OFOL SF'FFOO ZLOLZ9 ZL BIGE Q*ELES —ELLLG LOO ZHLESHE Oi esty PABLHO ELL O868 Orocee yolecee OEtseIe — 9e*6g6e 919892 O6‘8BIG BEEZ G6'9IZG 81Z604 PABLNO 9€°2261 LOOT ZITI99T SO'Z9eI — 8O‘6LPT Pele «SPITE -FIFLIT S¥'SOIT PtovOr PaBLNO 89°86 O88 9St0Rs HER: #868 Zieso —FG'Ae_—GTUSG FG‘ PES Gtegs BABIN 18" E67 O'OPF « SB'S1P ZIG © — GENE See —ZITTIE §—-9°8HS_— BELL 9 19G APENO 9 «—GO'EET —OTURT_—«FOLOT.««9G'SBI 96‘ FBT SOI SSG] «SOFT ge" BET 8" ORT ves] PS'OIT —O*OIT 96°26 S26 UBB MULL HEL = SUED HEg = -BEMANOT eL'I9 — Lz'8 ores 61S 66'Sh Wor 99 ee ants 68'8e Lice H9'KE LE Guo gs'oe —-S16S S26 6'9T GB FET BEG BBIT 90% wer se'ay—cetzt setgt — -dunoxoD (sy) (70) | com [pam | wre lato] coraror| fo | carve aw | (67) 4.9) (aq) 2 7 20% ey ar (810) | (o) cette yg] (P| Lo} 4,0] (a) oe Se a My WONKGE MMHVATLON VLOLOVA @ VITMI SVL (a) 4K9} (Sr) 4 ee |@2g6x09 HT (gy guy] Very payos|() ? Jing vol 2) ¥° 1 = iE ~ “ my | ova (seaya 24 HM a , CI) ray gaa] 274 | org) gon] > 7wat HecormacoBanHo, pagipaxaioule M HasbBaoTca AucCONaH- / caMu. t Koucouarien noapaagenatorea a copepilienmite 1 uecosepureniie B coseputeniuix KoWcouaucax sayxm MOUTH caMBaloren pyr ¢ Apy- TOM, 4TO coaqaer MeXOTOpyl0 NYcTOTY sBy¥aHlis; TAKOBLE WUCTIE HH. Tepbash: KBAPTH, KBHATHL, OKTaBBI. B wecoBepileHMux KoUCOMaNCax SBYKW He caRBAOTeH, a CANIM LocraTOUKO OTHeTAKBO, Gaaroxaps weMy sByvaT Gosee Hacuillleiio, couio 1 OGaaaalor KaYecTBoM Ma- xopHoeTm (Gombule TepunK H ceKcTH!) WH MujlopuoctH (waste Tep- iH CexeTEt) Ibicconancamn curawores Goubulan H Madan cexyHse (ueatit TOH H MOTOR), CoubIaA H Malan CenTHMM, a TAKE yReMNeHIaR KBApTA Wak YMenblueHan KauHTa. 3ByKu AMCcOMAHca Ne calRalores apyr c APYTOM, @ B CBASH C HaCbIeHHOcTHIO GHeHMAMH 06a 3ByKAa CABIMHBL HeHCHO MH Tpit HeOCTaTOMHOM pasBUTAN CAYXa BOCHpIIIMaIOTeR KaK OAOBpeMeHHoe sByYaille Gombulloro YiIcaa IByKOR. KOHCTPYKTMBHBIE OCOBEHHOCTA. UJMNKOBBIX MY3bIKASIbHBIX AHCTPYMEHTOB Ulinxossie MysbiKanbune MHeTpyMentit o6pasyior nosrpynny, BXOAAMLYIO B FPYMNY CTPYHHLIX MYSBIKAMbHBIX HHCTpyMerToB, KOTOPYIO CocTaRIMO? TAKE CMAEIKOBEIe, YAApHBle, YRAPHO-KJABHUUBIE HUA KOBO-KJlaBNIIHe HHCTPyMeHTH Caxoctostesbiyio rpynly coctapsaior sieKTpoMysbiKaabHbIe Hi- CTPYMCHTHI, HCTOUNHKOM SByKA KOTOPSIX sIBAMIOTOH QAeKTPHMECKHE KO- ule6aiins sByKOBOll YacroTsI K IDUKOBKIM MYySuIKAJBINIM HACTpyMeNTaM oTHocsTeA: apdbi, rye- ant, rutapu, 6aaadaitki, AOMpH, MaiLoauuBL, uNTpoI_H Apyre HuCT- PYMeHTHI, B TOM HCE HAUMOHATbHMe, 3BYK H3 KOTOPLIX H3BIeKaeTCs TYTeM saiquMBAHHA CTPyH MaabuaMn itm MeaHaTOpOM. Llunkosbie Mysuikasbibie mHCTpyMeHtbi pasamaiores: Ho KOWCTDYKKHH: TiTapbl c MpHKaAceHHbIM H HenpHxneeHtEIM rpichoM, c MpuKAeeHHOIL H KenpukaeeHHof (nepenBIxxKOH) moAeTABKOH, ONO H ABYXTPHAHBIe, rapalickan Oananaikn mectu-, ceMi-, JeBATAKAeMOUNEe; AOMPHI CeMH-, AeBSITHKAETONITDLe; MAHAOAHH OBAMbHBIC, MOAYOBAAbHBIE 1 MOCKHe; TYCIH SHOHYATHE, NUINKORLE H KTABUUNIe; Ho KONUVECTBY CTPYH: THTapb MeTLIpeX-, WIeCTH-, CeMH-, OLUNHAAMATHCTpyHHBI ¢ 106a- BOUHBIMM MeTEIPbMS GaCORBIMH CTPYHANH UW ABeHAMIATHCTPyHHBIE ¢ napHuMn crpyHamu (pic. 3); Gananaitkn Tpex- m veTbIpexctpytHe ¢ mapHoh neproh crpynoli i MecTHeTpyanbte ¢ MapHEIMn cTpyHaMu; AOMPH Tpex- 1 YeTHIpexcrpysnibre; MaljLOAliI BOCbMUCTpYNHMe ¢ TapHbIMM eTpynascH; No pasmepam & CTpOW: 18riiraphi ~~ npia, Tepu, KBapT, KBHNT H ac; GaaanaitiK — npima, ceKyala, atbT, ac H KouTpabac; JOMPH — MHKKOUO, MpHMA, abr, TeHOp, Cac M KOHTpaGac; Pre. 3. Pxrapos: a — wecruerpynmas; 6 — anenaxnamer yanaa (€ napmuni erpynaxn) Ji RORMIATHE —TMKKONO, MpHMa, Astor H Bac; MaHAOANHSI — MPHMa, OPKeeTpoBRIe: MHKKOAO, MaKgoa (ad1bT). mora (snoaonvers) u KOHTpAGac. TATAPA Turapa coctour 13 AByX OcHOBHBIX yaoB: Kopnyca H rpHtba, coe- ANKeHiBIX Mexay coOoH mG Harazyxo, AGO chenwassuBM rHrap- uum puntom 5 (puc. 4). Kopayc, poriytii ¢ Goxos, umeer dbopuy ROCHMepKH, Y KOTOPO! MDKHHi OBA GorbitIe BepxHero. Kopnyc co- cron 113 anyx oGe%aex /4 (npawoli # stepoi), Yerpex KOHTPoGevaeK (apyx Bepxitix 9 apyx mioKHNx 10), BepxHero 6H inmxHero 13 KaC- uep, xeKir 7 wana // c npyzkunann 8, a Take crpeaKH. Mexkzy obeHalikaNN 1 KackaMn BKTeCHE MpoKAaxKH, OGerailKit, KORTpOGE- ualikn H KNeHDI, CKMeeHABIe MeiKAy COOOH, OGpasyior paMKy Kopmyca 193a mocaeauue roast na a6puke um. A. B. JIynatapeKoro Kopny- ca MYabikanbiLIX HHCTpyMeHToR usroTOBARIOT Ha MuacTMace. Kopnye | TuTapw — qHo u OGedalikn — Kak OgHy AeTANb UsrOTOBIsOT H3 aKPH- AouuTpua6yraguenctupombHoro naactuka. Tlaactmaccosui Kopnyc cocrolit ug Tex 2Ke AeTaMell, HT H OGHUILI KOpHyc, KPOMe AHA, O6e- ¥aCK H MpOK.IaOK. 42 54 S678 9H 1 13 HIS L i 9817 \ Puc. 4, Yerpolierso rurapst: 1 rosopKa; 2 — nopoxex 3— yuna (gepuant w onahly t= nena, Bo ‘to 12— qoxeranxa: 4 oGewalixn; 13-~ kuouxa;” 16 — o6xnaaua: 7 = crpyue 12 — Aaacrun aaxosbie; 19 — TORI 29 —wexamusnin KoaKOBHE wr; 6 13 — acme OGeuaiixu, oSpasyioumme Goxa Kopmyca, uaroToBAAIOT AByXcCAOMHBI- MH H3 jlyueHoro Gepesonoro WNOHa; HapyxHbiit caoi UTOHAa UMeeT NpoggabHoe HANpABJeHHe BONOKOH, BUYTPeHHHY —nonepeyHoe. Ton- muna Kaxyoro cnos 1,15 mM. Taxoe BsauMHo nepnenauxyanpnoe pac- HOAOKEHUE CORB LACT BOSMOARHOCTH sIerKO USTHOATH OGeNaliKu m0 hope ma6aoKa, B KOTOPOM NpoHsBoxaT cOopKy paMKH Kopnyca. Osenaiixn KaroropamOT H TpexcHOiHHIMH: cperHHi cao ToAMHHOM 1—1,5 mm u3 danepa Kieenolt, a HapyaKHble OGiMuOBOYHBIE ciOH (upogoapue) tonuunol 0,6—0,8 mm u3 crporavoro wnoHa KpacHo- TO Jepera, opexa, KileHa, Namcanapa, OGevafikn Kak H AHO M3TOTOR- ASOT TAKE U3 MACcHBHOM LpeBecuHL! GyKa, KleHa, KpacHoro AepeBa i JUpyrHx YeRHAX nopon, TOMMMHOR 2—2,5 MM. ITpaMeneHHe MaccuB- KOH mpewecuubl qenaer Kopnyc Gomee xXecTKHM H yyyWaeT sByya- ime nuctpymenra. B OcHOBHOM TaKylo ApeBecHHy cHOsayloT Npu HSPOTOBACHHH BBICOKOKAYECTBEKHBIX THTAP MO HEAUBAYANUDIM 3a- kagam, ” Kaoeun (pepxuuit n xuxuuii), caasmpaiomue obeuaiixn Kopnyca, usroroBssioT Hg ApeBecHHL en, Ova KieleB 2ODKEH B TOMOcTA cooTBeTCTROBATS sopMe KOpTyca B BepxHeli H HHKHeMt ero vacrax. IIpa c6opke pamy Kopnyca MexWY KuenaMu H OGeuaiiKaMH 20BKACHBAIOT MPOKAAAKHE HS ayMeHOTO Gepesonoro HH eTporaHoro WnO- ha .uinnol, npesumaiouel Ha 40—50 mM xanny Kaeues. Menaeres 970 AIA YCTpaveHHst BOSMOKHBIX cHeTOB Tpanei KreleB Ha Hapy2KHOl TOBepXHOCTH OGeuacK, OCOGeHHO SAMETHHIX Wa JaKMpOBAHTIOM Kop inyce. Tonmuua vepxuero Kneua 28, nuxuero — 12 mm, B pepxiem Kae- ue BuOupaerca rHe3q0 NO topMe naTKH rpuda rayOunoh 14—15 mm Juin coeAuHelA rputpa c KOpHycom. B HH:KHEM KreNe mpocBepiH- baerea oTBepeTHe Ik KONKEL. Kowrpooevaitkn usrotopinior B OcHoBHOM Ma ‘TpexcaoiiHol Kaeenoit anepEt ToAMuHO 3 mM (TlonepeHBIi coi) H Ha GepesoBo- ro aymienoro mnona ToAMAHO: 1,15 MM (MpoZOabUBIit cxoit). KoHtp- oGeuaiikit MpHsaior 2XeCTKOCTs KopMycy, cHocoGersyx coxpaHeHHio ero Popa, a TAKE YReAMIMBAIOT MMOULALb AA MpUKseKBAHHA ext H aa, K o6exaiixas craasa mpuxaennair KoHTpoGevalikn ¢ monepes- ini caloe, a satem —c npooabium. Hponombiniit cof yxpensiser nonepewnuili, wo npesorspamaer cKomu dakepit mpa peseponanun Tint cnusuBaNNM pawKa Kopnyca m0 BBIcoTe. LIMpHHa KOHTpoGesaeK 16—20 a. Kourpo6evaitxn usrotonamor Take H3 ApeBecHHD esi Toamunol 4 ma, Mpexpapurenbuo BHIrAYTO! Mo dopme Kopnyca. Jaa KOUIepTHEX ruTap KouTpOGeUaiIKH MOZHO HSTOTOBMATH 13 LPeRECHHE Gyka 1M Kaena cevenuem 8X 10 x0. Uro6w1 TaKyio KONTPOGeNAilKy H0rHyTS no dopMe Kopmyca, 110 Belk ee aamie Hepes kaxxasie 10—12 mM geaaior nponuatst ratyOuHolt WL punofi 1—1,5 aon Kons Kourpo6ewaek jouakubt ynuparbea B Bepxuit um moKANI KACLb ¢ HeKOTOPLIM WaTATOM, “TOGBI OGecteMTs KectKocTs KOp- nyca. B mpouccce nponsnoactsa B KoNTpoGeralikax BHOUparoren riesma AA BKACHBAHNA KONUOB MpyATH AeKH HHA. Crpeaxa tommmnoh 2,5—3 wm 12 apenecuts TBepxoaNeTBeH- Hux nopog (6yKa nam KaeHa) BkMenBaeTeA R cheNMabHO BEIOpAHHoe THe310, 3aKpibat MecTO coeqMHeHUA OGetaeK B HIDKHeH sacTH KOp- nyca, Jian moTHoro cocanwenis c oGevalikamM crpemka jomxKHa uMers opmy Kouyca c pasmepawn 18—20 mm paepxy © 10—12 mat pansy. [lamia crpenki nomkka Ha 15—20 mw mpestimars BEcoTy xopnyca y HixHero Kuena, BMecte co ctpenkaMH BKaenBaioTca it XKUAIKH Mopenbre Wa HaTypastbiioro uBeTa 113 Gepesonoro umoHa. Copesxn wopensie 5 TeMHbIt Ber MpHaioT Kopnycy Gosee KpacuBHiti BHemnal BUT. B kopnycax BbICoKoKauecrBeHHUX KONMEpTHBX rHTap, HSTOTOBAKe- MBX 110 HHAMBHAYaAbABIM 3akazaM, OGeuaMKi HACTOMbKO TOUKO NON TOHAIOTCH MO jAUHHe, HO OTHAXaeT KeOOXOAKMOCTS B cTperKe. B sTOM chy4ae B MecTaX CTbIKa OGedaeK JOCTATOYHO BKJeHTb AKHAKY H3 We alysoWja, MacTMaccer HatH UITOHA. Hleka—ysea Kopnyca, or KOTOpOro 8 OCHOBHOM saBHcHT Kaye- oreo apysanitn wstcrpymenta, Ee mpnkaenpaior K paMKe Kopnyca cBepxy. 21Bocnpusunias vepes noxeranxy Kome6aunn cxpynl, AeKa ¢ pixie: CHHbIMHE TPYAHNAMH TaKKE UPUXOAUT B KoTeOAilNe, YcuAUBa sBy- KH BCeX WACTOT, NPHAaeT 3RYKY MpuaTnEIt Ha cayx TeMOp, xOCTATON- HY! CHAY H NpogOMKUTeNDHOCTS sByYaHHA. Sueprus, Nomysennat LeKoH oT erpyHK npn muNKe HAH yrape NaabUaMi, YaCTHAHO pacxosyercn Ha sByKoOOpasoBamme, T. e. Mepe- jaeTea OKpyxKaiomemy Bosnyxy (910 —noaesHaa sueprun), a wacThY- HO cocTaBaAeT GecHosestMe, BPeAbIe MOTepH, OBycTOBAeHHDIE cHe- ayouniM MpHanaMn: BHYTpeUIIM TpeHHeM pH pacnpoctpakeHun sByKOBLIX BOAH B Ne- Ke nonepex BoOKOK. [lan yucnbuleNa 9THX MoTepR MpyxxuHist HSTO- ‘TOBIAIOT 3 enH, B KOTOPOM sByKOBHe Bost pacnpocrpannwTes ¢ HaxOoubUel CKOPOCTSIO, a MpKKaeHRAIOT MpyNL B HanpanaeHnn, HepneigukyaspHOM caosM j1eKH; MeXaHIVECKHM CONpOTHBMEHKEM eKH, T. €., NepmowavanbUUM ee packaynpalveM, KoTOpoe Gyser Tem MenDule, Wem MeHDUIe Macca Ae- Kut H Buule ce yupyrocts. py anu npuksensaior js o6pasosaniist 30H ynpyrocmu. C ymeupienuem conpotapaenin zeKu yReaHUNBaeTes cid spyka unctpyMenta, Veemmenne tom geKn norpedyer Gospimero pacxona aHeprim Ha mpeoaomenHe conpoTuamenna xeKit pH ee mepsonasaatbHiom packatmpanun. MlostoMy Toma neKH rH- Tapbl He Lomita Mpesniutar 2,5 MM; TpeHHeM B OMlOpAx — Mecrax coeAMHeHIA jleKH ¢ KOpHycoM, KOTO- poe Oyster TeM MexBile, Hem JlyuINe mpuKaceHa jeKa K pamKe Kop- nyca H eM akecr¥e onops. Caexonaremsiio, pasmeps ries B KOHTp- oGeualiKax AOMKHE coOTHETCTROBATD pasMepam KOHLOB NpyKHl, BKjenBaeMbIX B 9TH riesga. Kpome Toro, KourpoGevalixn 2O2KHU GbT Mpuk.teeHs ¢ HaTATOM, WTOGL OGecHeIUTE XKeCTKOCTH KOpUyCA. Zea usrorosimeren 3’ oTAeAbHBIX OMLeTeK pesoHaxcHOH edit PaguambHoli pacnusoBKH, TmATeMbHO NOLOGpanuDx No UBeTY, C101, HAOTHO CKACCHALIX MEX AY COBO! H pacnowOrkeMHDx Hapa.taedtsHo OCH xopnyca. Jomexku B pesouaxcHom mute Aaa AeKH HeoOxoaHMo MoI- Oupars ¢ yyeToM nonyeTMMNX eheKToR 1 oRxopOAHOCTH. Fpumenne- Moe KOMNeCTRO AOMLeYEK AUKTYeTCH SKOHOMNeCKO! NeTeCoDbpasHO- CTI Ht MPOHSBOACTBeHHO! HeoOXoAMMocTDIO. HIpaxtHueckn oxo KOneO- Aeres B hperenax 5—7, xo 970 HecxowyKO yxyaulaer spyware Wa-3a Paganaol axyeruuecKoh KoHCTANfiL goMLeVeK MH HadMdus KaCeBLX lupos, BbISHBAIOMAX HoTepIo noaesHOl sKeprHt. Jas wicrpyMenron ButcoKoro KJacca No HNAMBMAYanBEMM saKa- 34M MY3bIKaHTOB-NpopeccHoHatoB jek sroTORIRIOT TOMOTeTTBIM cuoco6ox: xouleNky wpHKoH 200 u Toamuo% 16 MM pacnHauBaior To TONNE HOMOMAM, O6e MOLOBUNKH PasROpaTnBaloT H CKTCKBAIOT no KpowKaw. Tawast JeKa Gomee oxHopogta, a rosoBEle com pacto- JlaraioTed CHMMeTPHUHO OTHOCHTeMbHO OCH, B jeKe uMeeTeR pesoua- TopHoe orreperHe ANaMeTpom 80—90 MM JLIA YeeanueHHA xmHTemB- HOcTH H eHAbI SBy¥aHHs HNeTpyMexta Pesowaroproe oTsepetHe ykpamaior poserkoli anGo B ume aGopa sKHAOK, an6o wHKpycraunet—upeTHsIx uImoHOM, naacrmaccof H apyrmun MaTepnasam, B seypaqnoix rarapax BMecTO pesoHaTOpHOTO OTBEpCTHA B jleKe HHOrda jenaIOT burypaste mnipesta, 2Tpyxuns mpencrasanior co6oh Spycku mpamoyroasnoro matt TPalleleHAatbHOro CeUeHHA, HSTOTOBNeHKDIe Ha APeBectiTE ex, MpHt- KueuBaeMble K 2eKe MARY THTApH JIA YReAMeHHA MeXaHecKolt MpOsHOCTH jleKH H Co3manitA 30m YnpyrocrH, YayameHHA yeoBui Aus pacmpocrpaneHus KoaeGaHni crpyH m0 cei weKe H, caenoBaTesbHO, YeueKug suy4anua HucTpyNeHra, PaaMepet npy%kuul, ux reoMerpus 1 pacnonoxeuiie ua 2eKe B ana- unteabHOn Mepe OKasbBawOT Base Ha apyvanne. 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[lo9TO- MY cKOc Y pyri acto KauuHaeTes ¢ cepeniitel, MOcTeNeHNO yore ulasics K KOKlaM. CyObeKTHBHO 9T0 BOCKPHAHMaeTeR OnsTH-TaKH Kak yeuurenne saysaiin i yaysuenne TemGpa Hctpymenra Teomerpiin pacnoaoxeaus npyacuH Ha Zeke rnTapM MoxKeT Obit» camoh paskoo6pasxoii. Jax nHcTpyMeHtoa maccosoro uponsnozcrsa APHMeHAOT THe KBE NpyxiHB MpAMoyroabioro ceuenun BbIcoTOit 12 1 ToammKok 4 mat ua Apenecuint ean. Lam HHeTpyMerToR BLICoKO- To Kaacca, TSTOTORAMEMBIX NO HiLLHBUAYAABIIGIM saKkasaM, MpuMeUsIOT KOdOTHe MpyKIHH 19 BLIAepAHHOM sapenecium MeaKocaoilioi en Tpaneuenjansioro coves, Cxochi ¥ pyr uainatorer an6o © cepensits, au60 wa pacctosun 70—S0 um or Kpacs. TIpennyute- 80 KOJOTbIX Mpy:KHH cocTOUT B TOM, YTO BONOKHA paduasbube, ToROBHe cilOn He MepepesaioTes HosTOMY UX MpoUHocTs m yupyrocts abiille, vem Y mMueHBIX Mpy2KiH, HanGosee pacupoctpaueniaa cxema pacnoaoxennt mpyxun na HeKaX TATap MaccoBOro MpOHsBOMeTBA MpHBedeHa Ha puc. 5, a. 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Tanaiickaa rutapa mpeacrapaser coGoit Borayrsiit ¢ GoKOB KOp- tye, o6eaiixn xoroporo odpasyior Taxxe Goa rpnba. Cpu aaa crea Kak Ob MpogouxenueM Kopmyca, uMeeT KopoGuatyi0 (iIycTOTe- ayio) opmy. Jaast wa rpmbe jelawr uMuTHposanabMn, 7. &. abo HX HaHOCAT KpAackoll, AGO saNpLAHIO ¢ HakneiKOH BKAcHBAIOT y3KHE 2KIIKM WS Gero! MacTMaccst, Crpynh yaanentt or rpua na pac- crosina 5—6 MM, HX Ro BpeMa HTpH K wagam He nprakuwaior. amma MeHayp y rapalicKoll rivaps KaK Ht y OOHMTHBIX rHTap. Tipmnaxiexnoctamn 28 urpsi ia TuTape sansiotea: Meranante- ckas macruHa, MequaTop WIM CheWMambuble HakonCUNNKU, HazeDac- Mble Ha TpH vaxsua mpapow pyku. Tome munxa crpynbt wystiKanT TuacrHkKo KacaeTes cTpyHbt Ha HYAHOM Jay H OkicrpLINH BosBpaT- 29HO-TlOCTyNATeADHGIM ABIDKENMAMH HOBAeKAeT BHOpHpyIOUL MexO- auynuit 3ByK M MaaBHbI Mepexon oT OLHOrO ToHA K APYTOMY. Crpynpt gat rapaiickof rirapbl AOJDKHB GEITh mAHpOBaHHLIMH, uro6si OWN He HeAABAAH THCKA MPH NpoBereHuM MaacTHAKO NO crpy- Ham. Pasmepbt Meraaanueckoii naacruun npumepuo 80—100X25—30% X5—6 wae. Kpomkn nacrats, compuKacaiouuiees co crpyHani, OMI OT 2A0RATCHET, BuOpupyionuii sbyk Moro MoayuuTs H Ha OGHHHOA rurape. aa 3T0F0 NOPOIKEK HAO SAMCHHTh Gosee BLICOKHM, YTOGK TO;HAT CTpy- Mbt Hay dagoBbIMH MracTHHaMH. QaeKrporutaps.. B KaaccupuKanm MEMKOBNX MYSBKANDHBIX WH CTpyMeHTOB saleKTporuTapH cocraBssIOT caMocToATeAbHyio rpynny. Herounixos 3yka, Kak 1 B Jii0GOM cTpyiiiom MySbiKaabHOM HHCTpY- MeUTe, ABIAIOTCA CTaJbHBe CTPYHBI, MeXAHH4ecKHe KoMeGAHHA KOTO- puxX BocnpniuMatoTes aganrepamit (3BYKOCHRMATesIIMH) ax nocie- jylomero yenneHuA sbyvanua ycusauTemim HK3KOi sacrorit (YHU). To Koiterpykuun on nogpasaenmoren Ha sueKTporitapyt ¢ aKyc- THUECKUM KOpycoM, HOayaKYCTHUECKEM HL HeAKyCTHMeCKHM. Axyernueckie (ananrepnsopannmte) — smeKrporntapst — 970 obsiunele THTapH, cHAGKenTIBE ONMUM HsH KECKOABKUNH (He Gombmte rpex) saykocimmateasmn (pnc. 8, a). Baaroaapa aaanrepusanun i nociegyiomemy yenennio aayka YH rurapa no ciate ssywauns Mo- 2KeT ObIT HCHOWbOBAHA AA UPL B AHCAMGAHX He TOBKO KaK aK- KOMHOMMpYIOMUH, HOM KAK COAbHL uNeTpymenT. Tipu rKexana alannepHsovaiiuy!0 THTapy MOXHO NCMOABIOBAT KaK OGLITHY'O. Tloayakycrnueckme suektporitaps otmmuaiores oT aKyeTH- seckitx opmoit Kopnyca i sHaynTembO YMeHbieHHOH (nowTH B 2 pax 3a) ero picoroll. Hx TakxKe caelyer OTHecTH K THny ananTepH3o- Balix rvrap. Kopnye noayaxyctuyeckoit saeKrporirapht — xexa, AHO M oGeuaii- K—MOXer GLITD usroTOBACK HGO 13 dpanepii KueeHO Gepesonolt, 460 13 Yxapoupounoro noaucrapona u axpitonHTpHAGyTaAKeKCTH- poutbtioro maacraKa, Vienomayior noayaKyeriueckHe saeKrpornTapa ¢ noAKOyeHTeM snyKocuumarenett x YHU. Ho 1x MOxKHO HCTIONb3OBaTE H Kak OLY Hble AKYCTHUECKHe THTApH, XOTH cia BAy'YALNs B 9TOM caysae GyseT SHAUHTEMbHO HUD. Ha ga6pnxe nv, A. B. JlynavapeKoro pHexpex B mponsBocrso AHCaMGAL 91eKTPOMYSHIKAILHBIX HHCTPYMENTOR B CocTABe Tpex NOAY- aKycTuYeckix sueKTpornTap (UIECTH, ABeHAAMATHCTPYHUBIE Ww yeTbt pexerpyman gBaco) ¢ Kopnycamn 3 nnacrMace H jAByX yonutHTeNb- Ho-akyeTHueckHx yerpotiers (puc. 8, 6) HeakycTudeckne Suekrporuvapni msrorosamior ¢ Mepesoxn- pylouMM KOpnycom, MosToMy 6e3 adanTepos oN He BMyCKaIoTCA. Stor Bux stekTpornTap nodlysutst pacnpoctpanentte B atcaMGarAx. Kopye taxol ritaps ckaenBaior 13 OTIeabHBIX OpycKoB JipeBe- cum GyKa, Kaena waM Gepess ToMMMHO oT 25 0 40 mM, a Mocae cksennanus haxepywr c OGeHX cropox no nvacti. 20@—axycrmeckan_(axan- Fepnaobatiian), 6 axyemueckan’” ¢ ‘eslno-axy etctesian polleraaslaa yMeubucnua macest axeKtporwrapm cpemuiow vacts Kopnyca wupHHok npumepHo 100 vot, Hecyimyio BeIO Harpy3Ky oT HaTHKeHns crpyi, HSTOTOBAMOT 3 TBepAOATHCTBeHHBX NOpOL ApesccuHKt OyKa, KaleHa, Gepesii, a OcraslbHBle OpYckM, KOTOPUe HHKAKOH MarpyIKH He HecyT — u3 tpenecunti eam, «un. B nepxneit vac Kopnyca ana nocatxu rpuba BwGupawr rHesma. [pier monyaycrayeckux u HeaKyeTHuecKHX SveKTporuTap ‘alle BcerO H3TOTOBAAIOT NeABHBIME, 7. e. C eMMMIOM py%KOH m TOmOBKOL, CkstellHbIMIE H3 TpeX — nsITH GpycKow apeBecmin GyKa, Kxcua. BuytpH PY4KH Tpudha, HOA HakneliKoi, BMOWTUPOBAN TAK HasuBaeMEN auKep- unill crepxenb, cayrxamuh sa BinpamaeHua rpuda B eny¥ae ero BHrHOAkHA Ton Aelictanem HaTsKeHHA crpyn. Talika pisxonNT ga Upenems HakaeitKn y roxosKn. TIpa ppaumeann raiixn crambHoit crep- 2keHb, OFPAHNYeHABLT ynopaMN, BuITHGaeT miBesep, KOTOpETH, B cBOI0 onepets, OKASHIBACT RaBAeHHe Ha HaKuellKy, BHINpAMAAA, TAK O6- pasom, rpidp. Tpnd c Kopnycom coequamor y I4-ro mana na ulypynax, koropue BpmTBaIOT ¢ O6paTHof cTopoHE KOpnyca vepes MeTAMAHYECkyIo naacrimiky. Saekrporitapr wectHerpynuie «Pur» van «Coro» Mor%Ho O60. PYAOBATD MexXaHHuecKM BHOpaTopom JIA UrpE DEGpaTO. Suexrporurapet UlecTH- u ABeHARNATHCIpyHHHe BENYcKatoTe! B Gospumucrse cayyaes c AMHHOl Menaypn 650 wit, a veTsipexcrpyH- Hue axexrporuraps: «Bac» — 760—800 3004 Osu ysaom 8 seKTporHTapax siBadeTcH sByKocHHMaTemb (azanrep) — ocuonHof sbyKooGpasyiouuii snemenT teMOpoBoro 6.10. Ka mHctpymenta. SsyKockHMaTen MpcoOpasyer 3ByKonKie KoeCaKuA TuTapHbIX CTPYH B SMeKTpHYECKHe, SteKrpueckHe KOmeGaHKA co aBy- KocHUMaTeA TOAa!OTeH B YeHANTENbHO-aKyerHuecKoe yerpolicTEO, TLE NpeoOpasoBbipaiorca & sByKOBe KOMeOAHHA MH BOCHpOKSBORATCR rpoMKoronoputeasvu. HanGosee mpoxoe pacnpocrpaxenne noayyuan nmaxyKunonmese aayKOCHHMaTeNH, OBsaraMoMNe pALOM MpeuMytecTB To cpaBHeHHio © ThesosaeKTpHYECKUMM, saeKTPOAMHAMAIecKuMM H Ap. ONH ripocrst 8 USTOTOBNEKHM, HAeKUM B sKCMayaTamNN, OOmaLaOT xocTaTOMHOt MEXAHUMeCKO! MPOWOCTHIO HW OsITOBeMHIOCTDIO, HMCIOT jLocTaTONKO UIMpOKI AHama30H BOCHPONSROAMMSIX YaCTOT, MHHUMaJIBHO HeKAxKa- Jor TeMOp, IPH Mrpe Ha Taxofi rHTape BocnponsBOMATeA aM KOme- Gans crasputix efpyn Ges ocTopoHKX tyMos. Konorpykuna mnityxuonnoro asyxocnimarena aie cero ocitonaHa Ha me- Momss0Bat MocToAHIOO wariHTa, oKpy:KeMOTO oxHoh oGmell KaTyinKOH HH AYKIEDHOCTH, PeTYaIRPOBONMNX BHHTOR, TosBOAIOINNX NsMeHKTS nonOKKeHIue aDy- Kocuusateas no orHomerme x naockocta expy. Mixaysuuounutk spykocummatens MoxeT Ow ycraosaen Kak a maven sxcknporiirapl, Tax H Ha eke axanrepwsonaiiof rirapue. Yerananausaior 2BykO- cuinaTeab Tax, MOGI CraaBHHe CTpyHs MonatH B Hoxe AefieTBHA enAOBRIXK- unit warmira, SaykocumtaTexe soxKO YeraHOBITh m caKM O6pag0M, WTO och eTpY- ut Gyaer npoxomm ia I—2 mx mpéwee kaw Jtebee oc muura. B stom cayuae Ctpyiia Nonanaet B Gonee Hackimenietit noTox MarHMTHBx cHOBUX amu. Tp KoacGasim crpyuss neakunna marHuTHoro NoTOKA MSMeHAeTeA KB KaTywlKax War BouuTCH sxextponeInKymar eta (BIC) © vactoroit, pavvoh wacrore MowerieHtia 32Marnutiiora noroxa. Tloayseuiue B Karymxax onexnpHueckue curwamt nogawren Ya ananrepasi oxox YH paxuonpwenitua npw wanisnn cornaconaniioro BxOna Tam cnewwamnoro, Beauwnua kanoximoh SJIC naa cxpyit pasabix amaMespon, & past wacroroit sayyaiun HeonmHaKoRa H COOTBETeTREHIIO asain Hix EOCTDO. Nopenehwe rpoMmoropopiresem. [as supannusanin SIC ‘npadenmor peryaupye: Mule HNAYKRNORHHe SBYKOCHIMATEAE, KoTOpwe B OTAMMe oT HEpETyAUpYeAMEy tre, a4 fs \ PicciZa~) a Puc. 9, Hnaykunonsstt spyxocnnmaens: Saneperyenyeuuin 6 — neryaupyemsit; 1— ocuopanme; 2— xarymnea; 9 — uarmer; 4¢— ApviaKa; 9 — BHT peryauposoeatia; 6—waxaaasa; 7— naannay —espyaa; Sen tyeea oasmionnan tor MOA kaxknol crpynoh mur. Tpu6amsan pur x expyuay, ypemuanaaior ana- weiue SLC, nos6yakazemoll KoneGanuen pactomoresiol! Han’ BHITOM CIpYUs) HaoGopor. Tpowsocr» u TeMGp peryspyior pyskaMtn, pupenewM Ha aesyIo eTopo- Hy rurapit, Kouetpyxui neperyaupyenoro u peryampyemoro miayxunomisx aayxocumeare- efi npusenenst sa pic, 9, Poawepat m Matepkaa noctosuuoro warauTa 3 onpexermor neawuny marunr- Horo novoxa. Maruur warotonaex us heppira Capua, oGaanaoiero jocrorearo BRICOKHMKE MaraMTHBIH CRoficTBAN, Puc. 10. Huayxuuonmuit sbykocmustare: Jo cewowamite: 2 -— xopnyc; 9 —xarymKa; 4—rpeGenxa (warmrronpo: 0a); 9—warinr noctostnts; 6 — Waitnazwa; 7 expand tarnene Karyuka 2 uwayxnioxtian usrorosaena us nposoga TISJI zwawerpow 0,08 sn, acer iteto Burxon 4500-50 aw axeurepsonauiteix x saexrporivap (sitexrpuyeckoe compormanenne 10-15% xOm) 1 7000100 pirtxos — any snektporimap «Bace (oneknpatvectos conpotusniexue 10: 15% xOx), Cevonanue J snyxocmimatens usroToBaMOT Ha migkoyrmepoRicrol saeKTpotex Husecxok TorxoaueroBol eran (TOCT 3836—73). Kptinika 4 womer Gore wos Forobuteta aH60 9 aNcrovolt aatynN mapru JI-63 (TOCT 931-70), #60 na yaa. Ponpostioro nonmerupoaia (OCT 6-05-406—75). Ha xpoiuxe peryampyenoro soyo- umeress yeranosseno meets peryamposownux ouson MESO. Re oa 21066, 33,wws apyKocmmarenell x YeumMTeMBHO-aKyerHueckoMy __yerpolicrsy _ucnlomssyeres oxpaviponanuuilt upuoog WIOB3 TYK CMM 505-189—-55 u HuskowacroTaNe paste- wor W-3 saat HT-8. Paccronune OT HeNOMBIDKEO! cTpynEE 20 KDMIIIKH aByKOCMMMaTeNs nomKHO Gur He Mevee 3 MM, 4TOGM KoneOmouuecn CTPYHBI He YAapsINcs O KPWINKY aBy- xKocuumarens. ‘Jla6opatopuet SMM HUKTHMIMa paspaGorava Koxcrpysuua MayKuxonuoro ssyxocemfaredn ¢ Gone BBICOKIMMH SaexrpHYecKHMK xapakrepuctHxamn (puc, 10), yAoGHorO B SKCIAYavalli, TexHOdOrHsUCrO B npoRSBONCTHE Buaronaps DsICOKOMY YPOBHIO HasoHMOl B KatymKe B/C ruraps ¢ TaKHMH SoyKocHMMaTeIAMi MOIKHO TOAKMOWATS K AOGOMY 3 DLMyeKaeMHX oTevectBeH- Jor mpowsnnaensoetso yornmeneh ¢ sysersrrenbvoeTho mxoaa ® mpexexex 30— MB. BAMAMANIKA, Basasaiixa — pyccknii waponunit uunkops MysBiKaJbuBif WHcT- pyment. Banasaiixa-npuma 1 (pac, 11) mpeauaswauaerca nat conb- Horo H OPKECTPOBOTO HCHOMHCHK MYSHIKAIbAEIX NpOMsBELeRKA, a 6a- i Puc, 11, Bamanaiixe opxeetposse: 1 —npmna; 2—ceuywaes 3— ams; 4— — oarpa6ac 34aasafixn-cexyuna 2, -anpt 3, Cac 4 u -KonTpaGac 5— gaa urph B OpKectpax WapomuLIx MHCTpyMeHTOB, NOYeMy u HOCaT HaaBAHHe Op- KeCTPOBBIX HHCTPyMeHTOB. Bamaaafika coctour us Kopnyca TpeyrompHoit opm co caerka BHMYKABIM PeOPHCTEIM AHOM, COCTABACHHBIM 13 OTIEMBHBIX KAeTIOK u rpupa Pr, 12. Yerpofierso Ganazaiixn wectuxnenownoi: i= voxosxa; 2 nopoxcex nepxitii; 3 — pyuxa; 4—nakneiiea; §— xzox; 6 — noyacum, 7 = nowrpodewshiar, §— xeKa; §— oxeraoxa; 10— aanumixa: /7-"tloposkek wna 1214 —‘nenk Ne 1, 2 nS; 15 —yronxis 16 ~ oGkaaaKa Ho xeKer 7 nommupes 18 — osetia; 19 —odkiaska no sagumke; 20-—Kuoneu, 21 Kpyiok: 22— cxpyius 23 tna Crisis) aaxoBne; 24 rou; 25 MexaRNaMN KOKOBME Uneno KaenoK AHa cOcTaBAseT OT UlecTH zo eBATH, HOSTOMy 6a- Jlanaiixn Hasbipalor WecTH-, ceMHKaeNOUHBIE HT, J. Kopnye Gatanaiku cocrour 3 KileNOK, samnHku, Kena, AeKH c UpyxknHAMH, KONTPOGeYaeK, OOKAALKH H IHIONOK. Kaenkn 12, 13, 14 (puc. 12) o6pasyior ano Kopnyca. Hx cxnex- Bal0oT MEX COGoM TO KPOMKe H MpHKJenBaIoT mHPOKOlt cTopouoit K rpausa aaquuKn 10, & yakoi cropowoi—x rpanam Kieua 5 nan BKsenbalorca B Mpopest pyuku 3 Ip cOopKe Kopmyca «. Lextpambuax KjenKa ¥ ceMM-, ens THKnenoMbix OananaeK Hast Baeres KANAKOM. Hsrotopamor Kaenk 13 apenecunti Gepesti, Oyka, KxeHa, naan cauapa # ApyrHx nopon. Saauuka BMecte c KaenKaMn oOpasyer orKppiruit (63 xeKn) Kopnyc. 3aqnka npexctapaser co6ol mat Tommunol 10 uM, K rpa- ae 35MoM KOTOpOrO MpHKAeMBaIOT KNeNKH, a K MpaMolt nsocKocTH — je- xy 8& Yroa Mexny samunxoii u nexoit cocrasaser 60—65°. Hsrotos- MOT 3aQUNKY HS LOUeIeK APeBECHNL! eH, CKNECHMBIX Mex LY CO6oit H O6AHMOBAHHBIX c AByX cTOPOH GepesoBEIM HIM cTporaHbiM MIMOHOM, a B Oasamalikax BHICOKOTO KavecTBa, HSTOTOBAACMBIX TO HHAWBHAY- aubHbIM 3aKaSaM — CEKTOPHBIMH KJIMHKAMH M3 Tex 2Ke HOpom Ape- BeCHHBI, YTO H KWeMKH Kopnyca. B saqunky Moryr G6nirh BKNeeHMI XKUAKH M3 HaTypaspHOrO HAH H3 MopeHoro GepesoBOro uINOHA, Aux Yero MpexBapHTexBHO nponH- AuBAIOT Tas B BUAe pacxonmmuxen aysell. Sanunkn Gaaaaek-Gac u -KouTpaGac 11% ymeHsuleniA Maccst HoroTOBARIOT 19 tpexcnoiniok KaeeHoR haveps TomANHOA 4 wot, K KOTOpOH HoNlyrpH UpHKnenaAIoT ulranHkH 10 BceMY KoHTypy us ApesecuH eu,” TOMMNHOH 12 Mie ANS CastanaliKu Gac w 16 sae ann Oazaaainn-xonrpaGac; K WITAnHKaM NpHKACHBAIOT KAETKH HACKY. Kpome toro, K 9aHiKe HaHYTPH NpHKreMBaIoT TaKXe ToMepewHHy Ha ApeBecits at nonunion 12 wal ® wecte YorauooKH xuonox aust KpeIMemiA expyt. B pepx- Hlo1o "acTh aaquNKH Kopnycon Oananaek-npuma, -ceKyHAa H -aNbT 110 OCenOf st Hu pknenBaIOT KPYXOK 2 tomo 25 a w3 gpesecumn GyKa, KNeHa Ava YReTHIEHHA NPOMHOCTH saqMEKH B MecTe YCTaHOBKH KHOTOK Ja XPerlaeKHA CrpyH, Kaen Ganasaek-npuma, -cekyHaa H -anbr MaroToRmior 3 Apesecuaat 6yKa, a Gasasaex-6ac H -KoNTpabac—u3 ApeBecHHM eM, ckeennof m1 yBeauuenua npowHoctn c hauepol KreeHo ToAMMHOM 3—4 wm. Kaen mpejiashayen Jaa Kpenaenua Ha Kel KenoK HK Je- xu, Uneno rpaneii Kjleua 2osKHO COOTReTCTRORATS YMCA rpanell Ha 3aQHHKe, K KOTOPLIM NpUKNeMBaloTeA KAeMKH COOTBETCTBEHHO ysKoit H UMpoKol cropoxolt. Jkna coequnenua c rpuhom B Kjele BEIGHPAIoT THE3LO «B MACTOUKHH XBOCT>. Teka, Kak MB APYrHX UWWMKOBDIX MYsHKAIBHLIX HHeTpyMeHTax, CKEHBACTCH HS OTACHHLIX FOUleIeK pesoHaricHOl emu W ABAAeTCA HavGoaee oTseTCrseHHOl AeTaxbI0 Kopnyca Ganasaiixu. Or Kayectsa MaTepwasa H OT KaYecTBa HSTOTOBCHHS LeKH B OCHOBHOM 3aBHCHT H KayecTBo spyvanua uncrpymenta. Jas 6ananaex-npum Toma ne- KH Kone6aetea B mpenenax 1,8—2 mM. Kax yauanM nampmre, HaTaKe- uue ctpyH y Gamanaixn-npims cpasuntensuo HeGommtoe uM yBeTH- UeHHe TONNE JEKH OKASHBACT OTPHNATeNDHOe BANAHME Ha sByTa- xue uuetpyMenra. Ywenbinenne Toman jeKH cHMKaeT ee npou- Hocrs. JI YBeAMYeHHA NpOwHOCTH H PaBHOMepHoro pacnpexenenua SBYKOBDIX KoeOannit Ha WeKy HaKseHBalOT MP YX HHH, KOTHYECTBO H pasMepbl KOTOPLIX saBKcaT OT pasMepow MHCTpyMenta: y Gamaaa- eK-IpHMa, -ceKyHla H -aaer—ape-rpH (puc. 13), a y Gamamaex-Gac W -KOHTpaGac — te Meee yeTHIpex Teka UMeeT BpesHy!0 HAH jeKopHpoBaHHyIo poseTKy BOKpyr pe- 30HATOpHorO OTBepcTHH Mm MaNUMpb Hs GepesoBoro HAH crporanoro MimoKa, Mpeqoxparmomui neKy oT MoBpexgenni BO BpeMa urpLt. TlaHituph MOKeT ObITh TaKKe HaBeCHBIM C KpeMeHHeM ero JIMUIb NO KONTYPY ACKH Ha OAHOM ypoBHe ¢ HaKAeMKOH. Hanecnofi nawuups usrorosamior us jpesecuHEl pasauyHbIx no- pol — kutena, TpyuM, naamcanipa, u3 (anepEl KneeHol, npeBecHoso- AOKHACTO anti BEIcoKoH TRepocrn (TOCT 4598—74), nomicru- posta 61ouHoro Mapxa T (TOCT 20282—74). 36To Kontypy Acka oKaHToRaNa mTamHKamu ua qpeBecuntt GyKa. B HwKMIOIO YaCTb eK BKACeH MOPOXK 13 ApeBeCHHL! GyKa, Kile- Ha (OH HOCHT HasBanMe HIDKNerO), cAyKamuh oMopoit ya cTpyN. KourtpoOexaiKn mpuaaiT Kopnycy x%ecTKocTh M yBeHuH- Raiot naomaah npukselixn gexu. Xapakrepaa ocoGentocrs KOHTD- oGetaek ji CatamaeK aaKMOAeTCH B TOM, UTO TO Bcefi cBOel ANHHe OHM HMeloT MepemenHoe ceveHHe, 7. e. pasHbili yrou HaKnoRa m10C- KOCTH, pHKueHBaemol — K kutenKam. eco rodent, Tlarka — qeraap cemn- knenowolt Ganaaaiteu, Kxen- KH KoTOpoOHi pH cGopKe coemu- HsloTca HeNOCpeACTBeHO ¢ py'xoii; naTKa 3aKpbiBaer Me- cTO coeAHHeHHst KANHKa Cc pyskoii. Msamno orgenannas NATKA OLKOBPeMeHKO sABAIs- erea apauennen | THICTPY” pyc. 13. Cxewa pacnosoxxena npyakmn Menta. Msrotopaserea narka fra xexe Gananalikicnplna 43 pesecHHbt Gyxa, Gepessi, OUIBXH, Kena pwd Ganaaaiixn coctonr us py¥Ku, ron0BKH, HakseliKu, MOpOx- Ka, JaqoBEIXx nacTHH. Pyuka HMeer BBepXY THesH0, B KOTOPOe BKMeHBAIOT TONOBKY, 1 BHMsy — UNM «1acTONKUH XBocT> JIA coeAUNeHNA rpHda c Kopny- com Han mpopesi, Kyaa BKenBaroT ysKoit cropowoi KaenKN npH ckaelixe Kopnyca Gasanalikn

. B nocaeauem cay4ae Mecto coemHHeHHs KNeNKH-KANHKa c py4Koi saKnensator usTKoM. Jat cos- WAHMs HEOOXONUMOFO AABCKMA CTPyH Ha AeKy py¥Ka coesMHACTCA c Kopnycom nox yruom 2—3°, Msroronasior pyuky 43 Xopoulo BBICy- wenHoii 1 BhiaepakaKHOH ApeBecuHb! GyKa, KueHa, rpada. Tommuua wakaelika 8 saBHcHMocTH oT KoHCrpyxuMn Gananaiixn gom«Ha cocraprate 2—4 mm. Hakaelixy Tommmuol 2 mw naKmenpa- 1OT TOMbKO Ha PYIKY sanyo ¢ NEKOH, ECM KONMYECTRO HaNOB Ha ‘rpue ne npespuaer 16, Haxaelixy tommuxoi 3—4 Mm HaksewBaor Ha py4Ky H JeKy, yBeMMIMBaN KOTHUECTBO aasoB Hu pacuIipsA 1Ha- nasoH sBy¥anua uNerpyMenra. Ha Gamasafikax-IpHMa KonH4ecTBO sayoB yeaninpaior 20 24, . Ecau 6 6asasafixe Hakuelika HaKneeHa Ha py4Ky H Ha WeKy, TO HucTpyMenT HeOGXoRUMO OGopyzoBATL NaecHDiM NaHLMpeM, KoTOpLIt yeraHanauBalor U MIpHKeMBAIOT Ha OMWOM ypoBHe c HaKaeliKol. Ha- kaciixy wsroroBawoT Ha XOpollo BbIcyuIeHHON mM BuLAepaXaHHol mpe- BecHHb! GyKa, KJleHa, rpyluM, YepHOrO Hepesa. Touonka HSrOTOBASeTCA ABYX THHOB: Ji OTKPBITHX MW SAKPHITLX KOAKOBIX MexaHHamon. ToaOBKy, HMeIoULyIO Ha Y3KOM KOHUe KoHyC 11—12°, skaecnsaior B crelHanbHo BLIGpaHHoe rHesaqo py4KH c TeM xKe Konycom. B romopKe nMeeTca moMlanka, Ha KOTOpyIO Haken- Balo? NOPOXKEK H3 MHACTMACcLI iH M3 NPeBeCHHB OyKa, rpada, KaeHa. Jina xpensenna KonKoBNX MexaHWSMoB sakpuTorO THNa B ToNOBKax BE6upa- Jor Tesaa MR KOAOHOK Mpocpepatinaior oTBepcTHA Cc OAWOCTOPOHEIM pactiouo 37xetem gan Tpex- walt yerpexerpyiMux Gasaaex u aByeropoHAM — aaa ecTH erpyutax B xopnycax Gastaaaex-Gac u -KoETpaGac wMeeTcA BHIABIKHOM crepxeub (uiTkipb), cay:Kamnit onopof HHCTPyMeNTy no BpeMs HrpEL Tpm ¢ Kopnycom B GanasaiiKax-mpuma coemuunetcn y 16-ro 1a aa, p Oananafixax-cexyHaa, -ambt H -Gac — y 15-ro nana, y Ganasaex- kourpaGac — y 13-ro nana. Ocnonnste pasmeps opxectponx Gananaek, mM Cexyana = Aaur Bac Konrpasae 490—535 750-780 1100-1180 800—820 1120-1160 1600—1700 310—325 325-355 500—535 790—820 Wupnza xKopnyca 485-500 510—525 700—735 1060—1250 (0: octionariso) Bucora Kopayca 120-130 130-145 145-155 200-220 335360 (no saqnuce) Mupnaa pada y mopoxKa 28-30 30-32 30-32 33-36 ©8640 y 1270 sana 34-36 36-38 36-38 40-43 4850. Tomuzua rpuba 19-20 19-20 28-31-3640 y L-ro aana y 12ro aaa 22-24 2224 84-36 55D Hania wensypt Hawua wuerpynenra ‘Tanwia xopnyea Tonmma zext 25 2,5 3,0 45 Komruecrso aazos 5 15 18 16--17 HOMPA Tompa— pycckui wapogasit mumkoast mysiKaabubit ueTpy- MeHT, NpeAHAsKaveHHMit 71% COmHOTO, KOHIepTHOrO H OpKeCTpOBOTO TICHOMHEHHA MY3bIKAABHBX mponspenenti. Tloxpa Tpexerpynax umeer noaykpyrasit Kopmyc ¢ peOpuctsia, cocramsieHHHM Ha OTeIbHBX KAeTOK HOM H rpHd. Crpol — KBapTO- hifi, Jlompnt TpexctpyHHble MoxpaszeamoTca Ha -MHKKOMO f (puc. 14), supra 2, -anbt 8, -renop 4 1 -Gac 5. Jompa uernpexcrpynias {puc, 15) umeer Gonee rtyGoxuti Kopnyc ourH xKpyraof gopmet. Crpofi — xennropsiii. 3pyK y veTHpexctpyHHOH nOMps! No cpaBHerio © Tpexerpyntoi Gonee cradwii. JnanasoM versipexctpyaNol AOMpEL lupe AHanasoHa TpexcrpyHHol, ocoGenHO B HMXHEM peruerpe. Yun- ‘TiBax, YTO cTpOH VeTbIpexctpyHHOlt NOMpHI sABAReTCH OOMHM C MaH- Hosmiokt M CKPHNKOH, eH OTLAIOT HPeATOUTeHHe pH urpe B HeGOTD- THX KoneKtHBaX — kBaprerax, ceKeTeTax, Me He TAK BarK'a cHuta aByKa, Kak BaxKHO HCTOAIORATH OOUIMPHM HOTHBN peneptyap, Ha- UNCAHABI jas STHX MYSHKAMBABX THCTPyMeHTOD. Hoxpa cocrout 13 Kopnyca 1 rpua: Kopnye cocrour us xnenox 17—20 (puc. 16) xeKu 6 ¢ apestioti poserkoi 15 i namuupem 14 wv npuKacenmonn upyxnnamn 8, 2Byx Koutpoberaex 7, BepxHero 5 m nimwHero 10 Kaees, nopoxKoB 2 1 IT 1 o6knazxn 16. Kaew caykar jus Kpenmenia K HAM KaenOK: nepxiie KOHUBL KaenlOK KpensTéA K BEPXHeMY KaCUY, HAKHKE KOH —K HWKHEMY kneuy. Haroropamior Kjens 3 penecHHst enn; Bepxnuii Ken ¢ 38UcabIO yoemUMeHUA ero MposHOCTH davepyior c OLHOH CTOpoHT Tpex- cuoiinol Kaecnoi anepoi rommunok 3—4 MM. B pepxkem kuette 5, Kak 1 B Kaelax GastasaeK, BbIOupaIoT rHesL0 B Wo pasMepam muna py¥KH 3. Toamuna bepx- Puc, 14, Houpsr tpexerpynnsie: 1 amxxozo; 2~ npuna; 3 Hero Mf HIPKUETO Kees PaBHa cOOTBeTeTACHHO: jk AOMP-TMKKOLO 25 u 12 wn, -npnMa—25 n 13 wat, -anst—30 n 16 sm, -renop: ~Gac — 35 n 18 wm. B amaauow vacrs Kopnyca, rue CXOAATCA KOHUEE KueMOK, BKACHBA- wor Kpyxox /3 U3 ApewecHuut GyKa, B KPyAKe MpocBepanBaior TpH HAI YeTHIpe OTBEPeTHA AMAMETPOM 5,2 MM JL LOMP-TIMKKONO, -puMa H -anpr 168 MM — Ata soMp-TeHOp u -~Gac MOA KHONKH saa KpeWte. HHA CTPYEL 39Kaenku nsrotoamor us mpesecuns GyKa, Kena, a Jus BbICO- KokatlecTseHHiIX HNCTPYMeHTOB TO HEAMBHAYaTbHOMy saKaay — 13 erpyitvatoro Kena, KileHa , nanucanapa. K Kenkam MOrY? OLiTh UpUKAeeHEI yskHe MONOCKK winoHa (AKAIKE) TomMMHOt 0,8 u mupanof 2—2,5 wa, onmgaio- =) WHeca 10 uBeTy oT KjlemOK. Toma Kienox y oMp-nuKKOAO 11,7 wa, -upuma 1,8 vm, -axyr a -re- uop 2 MM, -Gac 2,5 mw. Konrpo6eualixu, Kak mB apyrax MINTKOBHIX MysHKaNbHBIX HNeTpyMeH- “| Tax, caykar qin yaemmenus mioma- J MpHKAeHKH LeKH H MpusanHA r%e- crgocti Kopnycy. Hsroropamor Koxt- poGexalixu 13 mpescenmst en BEN |. Aupanuem m0 pasMerKe, an60 BurnGa- | uHeM, Aleky usrorosasior us zpenecu- HbI KavecrBeHHOM pesouaxcHol eau, B xeke mpocuepaunawor pesoxa- TopHoe oTBepeTHe, yKpallienuoe naH- WupeM H poserKoil; B Moceaneit npo- cBepanpaior TacKe JonoaMTeMsHBe omeperna Meupulero—quaMmerpa (ra6a, 3). Tommuna xexn pax KaxOrO WH ctpyMenta He ouxHa mpesuuaTs pasMepos, yKasannuix B Tab. 4. Tpexcrpynmste Xomp-nneKomo, -npie nm +aabt, etDIpexcrpyntnle — THKKO.I0, “TpHMa, | -aaue n -rexop Goee nstcoxoro kavecrB’ Ho WHANBHAYambHBM saKazam moryT Gert» o6o- é <5) pygonamst nanecusnm nasunpaun, isroron NeUHBIMH Ha. XpevectE rpyulH, nopeHoit B Passute Teme uBeTa, ipallepll KaeeKor, Mpenecwonox0KANcToro MavepHada 1 i3 apy. riix Marepiaaos, Koanuectno npyxnn na neKax KoxeGueten or 2 40 4 y nomp- NMKKOAO, “PUMA, -aneT H -TeHOp, a y -Oac H -KONTpaGac—or 4 m0 5 (puc. 17). Bumyksoct nex O6pasyetca sa cuer npuknensanns mporua- HbIX MpY:KHH W cocTaBAseT y TOMP-INKKONO m -npinta 3,5 MM, y AoMp-abT Hu -Tenop 5 MM, -Gac 7 MM Mm -KOHTpabac— 10 Mat. Tpx@ xomps coctour ns Tex xe xeraneti, ur0 m rpud) Ganaaali- ku. Tpucb tpexetpynmex omp oramiaetca of rpuda vetbipexerpyn- Hux pasMepamu u Qopmow rononKx. Tonoska y wersipexcrpynnsx Aomp HaroMiHaeT cKpHNHUIyIO, Ha GOKOBKIX rinocKocTHx KOTOpOR YEpeHAMOT NBYXKOMKOBMe MexanusMu. TorobKa y TpexctpyHHHx AoMp — hurypwas, c o6patuoli cropomst Kpensres OTKpBITHE WT sa- Puc. 15. Hompa verspexerpyanasTAB ATHIA 3, AMAMETPSI PESONATOPHOFO H RONOAHHTETBHDX (GB POSETKE) OTBEPCTHH B EKAX, x0 Mysonacsautt snexpy ene Hompa-nmixoxo > -upaaa > -aner > -texop > -Gac > -Kortpa6ac pexerpy nce Herapexcapyine Pesousropnoe |ilovarwiressxce| Peaonaropuce |slonomnrenszoe 16 5 a4 4 18 5 45 5 20 6 16 6 22 8 18 6 24 10 20 6 B 7 40 8 34 5 67 89 10 2 2 Putc..16. Yerpolictno zompsr 7pexcrpyuntol: ‘sera, 10 — oGunaanay 22 inaonuult nanos, Pue. 17. Cxeua pacnosoxentin npyaci Ha exe aowpui-ipma coyod at 61 61 1 Iz 61 61 6I ¥-61 7 Gy «EN. O@LDeRMIOY OF ore eZ v% st uy we ve 0% 8 Li) wre een, 8-08 GE-OF- OF BE GESE ce ze | EBSCO EEE BEE EOS GEG HT A 1-86. EE-TE EBT GELS pee E BT ELT LEGS GEST GT PEN ory A vdudr eu Orb = LEEE EOE EZ cesT IZ HETCE EOE LE LEH WO} OEE IG CGB eguds emimiroy OLE—OEE —OZZ—0G ‘CLI-OBT_ OSI—SF1_OFI—OET 0OI—-S6 SHEL GGI—-OST_OFI—-OET OZI—OI! 06-8 oe SSL SEI SCF OEE—-OZE O1E—-ODE ogZ—0EZ N6I—TBI LeF—-OIF OSE—OFE OIE —ODE OFG—CET SBI~LLI ORL—09L O9F—-OSF QLE-OEE OFE—-OIE OLZ—09% O0e—361 O9F—-OSF OBE—CoE DEE—EzE N9Z—O8Z 06I—S81 td 2 ~fudox doweeg . eLHan OFSI—UBPI $B6—-UE SOL-LCL OIL—-OOL 019-009 SLI—CLP cVOI——NZOI OBe—EL8 SW—SSL CEO—29 OB—oF ~AdIoHH PHMTL sensanond 0001-065 OFF—-0E9 ORF —-CLF OEt—OBI GYE—OE GLF—0LZ GILG eBE—E9s FOe—0BF OOF—O8E eBe—09g FdKeMOR PHIM weanpeexort { aamGioxsde9h ‘ornRdtoxod jdawevd aisHaoHDO F VMUGVE F wt 'aWOWrKpbITBIe KOAKoBLe MexanaMul. Jat nOcAeAHHX B romOBKAX BHOHpA- oT THeSxa NOR NaaNKy i YepBAKH pasMepaMH, cooTRETCTBYIOULUMH KOJKOBLIM MexanuaMaM, ToloBKa BKAeHBAeTCA 'B Py¥KY Hod yraoat 13-15" Tpu c Kopnycom y Zomp coeanumioT y onpeneneHHNx naqoB: BO BCeX TpexcTpyHHBIX AoMpax y I6-ro Taga; B 4eTEpexcTpyHAMX JOMPax-minkKon0 — y 15-ro; -IpHMe u -atbTe—y 14-ro; B -Tenope, ~6ace n -KourpaGace — y 13-ro, B raGa, 4 npupeens ochoBntie pas- Mepbi TpeX- H SeTHpexeTpyHHBIX ZOMp. MAHONMHA Manjoanua opaavnan (pxc. 18, a). Kopnye rpymesnzuol dopmut COCTOUT H3 YSKUX KMeTOK, KOAHYECTEO KOTOPHIX MOXCT COCTABHTh OT 15 0. 33, iwyx umpokuX Kpaiinux KaenOK, HasiiBaemEX GouKdwn, uuuTKa, AByx GoptuKon, asyx KouTpobexacK 8 (puc. 18, 6), Kuena 9, aexn 5 c npyKunamn 6 1 o6xaaqKn 1. Kopnye Moxer Gute usroToB- vieH H Ges UWTKA H GOPTHKOB, Tora B HWKHIOIO YacTh KOpHyca BKACH- Baior erpestky. Kaenxu -pasausaior uerrposse 15 u Kocwe 16, otanvarouweca Mexay co6oit popmofi m pasmepamm. Hanpumep, » xBaquaTuTpexKae- NOWHO MaHJOAUNe UeTpOBNX KeNOK —7, a KOcKX — 16. Tosa kuenoK 1,5—1,75 vat. K Kaenkam NpAkseHBaIoT y3KHe ToTOCKH WnO- Ha, TaK HaspBaeMble Kopnycuive »KMKH 77 tomo! 0,8 MMH WH profi 2,5 nat, orsvaoninecs no UBeTy OT KneMIOK. Kounsi KienoK 1m 604KOR NpUKAeHBalOT BuEPXy K KseUy pywKH Bunsy — Kk Kaeuy Kopmyca Kaenxn usrorosssior 43 Apenecniit OyKa, KxeHa HaTypaapuoro upera WIN OKpaleluble B UBeT HeHALIX NOpox apesecunut. Maa 6o- Hee NPOMHOTO coemMHCHUA KNETOK Ha BAYTPeHHIOW NoBEpxHOCTs co6- pauuoro Kopnyca Mlonepex KjenoK HaKuenBaror 5—6 y3Kux NoWOCOK TeXCTHJbHOM JUTE — KoueHKopa (TOCT 3922—55) Ilurox 1/8 gakphipaer cxo_numecn y Kaena KienkH H 604Ka; Of- HoppemenHo MMTOK cayxKWT U YKpallieHMes Kopnyca, nosToMy uSTO- ToBinot ero darypubit. Komusi wurKa ¢ o6enx CropoH Kopnyca co- CTHIKOBaNbI ¢ GOpTHKAMH, HSTOTORAREMBIME NS TEX 2Ke MOpOs speHe- cHinet, 4TH HUNITOK. . Kourpo6evaiixn 8 usrotosasor us apesecunn enn Tom voit 4—5 Mx BLIFHYTEIMM HO PopMe KoHYea m YTMpaIOMIAHeL CBOHMIT KOHHaMM BBEpXy B PYYKY, BHNSY B KJCL, B KOTOPBIX JIA STO nem BHOpaut rHeata, Hexa 5 osaapnol wansoamm no cacel Koncrpykuan onauia- ered OT ACK APYPHX ULNNKOBLIX MYSEIKAbHDIx HHCTPYMeHTOB: ee 13- TOTOBIMOT ‘¢ H3IOMOM, H3TH6ax To, yruom 7—10° Ha paccrosnA 3—4 MM or Mecta yeranosKn noxcraBKa 7. Jaa atoro c BRYTpeHHe!, CTOPOHD! AeKH’ ZeAAIOT MpoMHA mApHHO! u rayOuROH 1—1,2 um. Vs- HOM eKH Remar Aan YBemteHUA fapaenua crpyH Ha jeKy. Tox STHM Ke YOM JeENaIOT CKOC Ha KOpMyce MPH OMMNOBKE ero 110 BH core: B xeKe BuOHpaiT pesonaTopHoe oTBEpeTHe oBATBHOH hopMtt, KoTopoe 3aTeM yKpallaior BpesHAIMK poseTKoH HM Nanuupem. OrBepe- 43THE MOXeT METH MepeMBIIKY, caysKamyto onopoll AAA xBocTHKa naxuelixir “Kaen 9 ns mpenecnust em roxmmnof 12 wat yeranosaen B MILK: nei vacth Kopnyca c HanpapenHeMm BOTOKOH MepreHAHKyAApHO reKe. Puc. 18. Mannoxmna onaannan: a—ofiunh sma: 6 potcgett — roion | topeaen: 9 nyee fre The pow Renrponue; 16 — crema Roche; [7 = MERI MeL genKann; 18 = WTO: 12 expymu, 29 — ratacrs uy nagomse; 2/ — Tou, —wexaunsuss Konwonue wow nH o Ben 6 [pu cocrour us py¥ku, Haxmefixn, roxoBKn, mopoxKa, aan0- BBIX MaacTilH H TOUEK. Pyuka 3—vs mpenecnint GyKa, KneHa; K ORNOMY KOHN pyIKH npuk.ienpaior OpycKu TawKe 13 Apebecumt OyKa. Bpyckn mocae 06- paSorkn oGpasyior Kaen ama MpuKnefixku KrenoK u SouKon. Ha apy- TOM KOHlUe B pyuKe BHOUpAIOT, Kak 1 B Oananafixe, THeSAO ANA BKMEH- Banus rou1OBKKt. “4Haxaeitka wa mpesecnnu GyKa, Kaewa, rpynim, vepuoro jepepa MpwKseeHa BO BCeX MaHOMHHAX He TOKO K Py¥Ke, HO H K AeKe ZO pesonaTopHoro oTBepcrHA Ha Mepexpyipas ero. B nocaenuem crysae AMA ONOPbl XBOCTHKA HaKweKH, Kak CKasaHO BHUe, pesoHaTopHoe OTBepcTHe pasieeo nepeMBLIKOl. Toaoska /—w3 pesecunut Gyka, KueHa’ HesaBucuMo oT KOH- CTpyKUHH MaHOINH, MOET ObITh ruTapHorO THMAa, T. e. c Ma3aMH WAH nlocKoit Ges ma3oB, Y rowOBKH, KaK H y GamamaedHBIx H AOMPO- BBIX FONOBOK, HMKHAR YacTb O6paGoTaHa Ha KOHyc MOM yrvioM 11—16°; ee BKnenBaior B py4Ky. Ocu ronoBKH, py4kH mM KOpnyca AOMKHA CoBTALaT. Hoayovaabian manyoamia (pic. 19, a). Kopnye co cnerka Bu- TYKIBIM HOM HMeeT aaiHNCOBHANyIO opéy. Jerann Kopnyca H Ma- ‘TepHadbi, H3 KOTOPHIX OHH HSTOTOBMEHH, AHAOTHUHEL LeTaIAM HW Ma- Tepwamam Kopnyca ruTapH, sa wcKmo¥enNem wBepxuero Kmena 5 (pie. 19, 6), KoTopsit via MpouHocrH coexHHeHHa rpuda c KopnycoM HSroTOBMAOT He 13 ent, a us 6yKa. [HO 7 MOXeT ObITh KSrOTOBeHO He TOMKO H3 KileeHOR (avepEl, HO H HS OTAeMbHBIX paBHOH WMpHAEL KJeNOK ¥3 ApeBecHHb GyKa WIM KueHa (5—7 wr.), yepenyiomAxca Mexyy co6oil 10 mBeTy H ckKeeHHBIX. Haa coequnenua rpua u Kopnyca B pyyKe 3 zenaor wn B <1acTOuKHH XBOCT>, a B BepXHeM KJeNe KOpnyca BEIOUpaloT rie3q0, @opma H pasMepst KoToporo anamorHuHN opMe H pasMepam mama. Tp cocrour us Tex 2%e AeTaseli H HSTOTOBAAeTCA 13 Tex KE MaTepHadon, ¥TO H rpHd OBaTbHOK MaHAONHAM, Haockaa Mawjoauna, Kopmyc, umeromuit hopmy Gmuskyto K OK- PYKHOCTH, COCTOHT H3 Tex %e JeTasell, UTO H KOpHyc noayoBambuoit MaHAOUHHL. Tpupst mrockoi a nonyosambHo MangonHH TawKe cocTomT 13 HJCHTHYHEIX AeTateh, [pu c Kopnycom y MaHAoNuH cOeAHHAeTCA Harsyxo y 10-ro maga. Crpynonepxatens y BCeX MaHAONHH HMeeT BOCEMb KPIOUKOB JIA KpemeHita CTpyH, OH Kpenures B HIDKHeM YaCTH KOpnyca co cTOPOHDL myaTKa: Opxecrposiie MaHAOAMHB-NHKKONO, -MaHona, ~moTa H -KOHTpa- ac BXOART B cocTas HeanonHTaHcKoro opKectpa. Koutpa6ac uMeer TMOCcKHi Kopnyc, a OCTaNbHMe HHCTpyMeHTH — rpyuresnzHBTi, Baarogapa pasawaubim hopmam Kopnyca MaHJoauHB pasaHuatoT- ca lO TeMOpOBOH OKPacke HX SBYTAHHA: OBATBHBIC MAHNOMHHLI HMe- for mpnaTubii 4 MArKHH sByK, TOmyOBaMbHBIe H MOCKHe — Gonee OT- Kpbitbii_m apKuit sByx. OcnosHsle pa3sMepit MaHAONWH mpHBesenbi B.Ta6a. 5. rycen Tycau— apesnefimui pyccxuii napoguni munkopni mysbikanb- Hbiii HHCTPyMeHT, MpeqHasHaveHHEli AA HIpbl B OpKecTpax rycas- pos M OpKecrpax HapoqNBIX MY3HIKaJbEDIX UKCTpyMeHToB, Tlo KoH- CTpYKuNH 1 cHOco6y H3BAeueHUA sByKa pasaMualoT rycaM sBOHUATEIe, IAHITKOBHIE H KaBHILHBIe. aPuc. 19. Matizonmna noayopaasuan: @—oduurl sux: 6 — yerpotlerno:. 1 —rozon. Kai 2 HopoxKek; 3—pywxa: 4 — nansciien eur (vepxunt i bers) 7 = alo: § — npy runt 9 nogeras. io — KOUTPOGeUaRKie nepsiine w slnnnion etpemeas "13 — ctpywonepmarens 1d DGxxaaxa; 18 —nawaepn: 16 cepyun en fanonuie ‘aacrmut, 18 roeKi 1 yeni 15 1m 181716 /TABS AMUA 5, OCHOBHBIE PASMEPEI MAH LOAN, sox a Opkecrpowue watomias ie Tokasarem, | srocas | sanzora | ora | xouzpa6ac Alanna mexsypy 335350 335—350 335350 495435 555575 900-1000 > Wuerpymeura 620-630 620-630 620630 740-78) 950970 1500 > Kopnyca 315-320 315—320 315320 350360 460—480 910-990 UWupnna Kopnyca 200210 245250 970 250 300760 Bucora xopnyca nan- 145 95 70 185 215 130 Sonpman Ulpuna rpupa YY mopoxkKa 28 28 28 30 42 37 ¥ 10-ro sana 37 oa ae 44 55 87 Toamura rpua : y Tro sana 20 20 20 25 28 35 y 9-70 mana 27 2 22s 35 38 42 Toma aexn 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,7 3,5 4,0 * Pasuepy aan y 6-70 aaa, Holi bopmis. Ochopuue xeraau rycuell: pasta, nexa f (puc. 20), gH0 3 C upyrxusascu 6, noxcraska 7, erpywonepaareas. 1, Topoxex 2 1 Pamxa Kopnyca coctour us nepemueti 12, sanuet [1 u ABYX 6oKo- IDIMEe ok Nebo 3 u mpanoh 10, coasanmix mexiy coOOM ba MPAMNX wunax, Jlenan creuka nepnenmAKyanpHa nepeneh, ocram, Puc. 20. Tycam ssonanse: gtemKn Cononwe (xesan w npapan); 4— # 8 —KoaKn: 9—erpyan: IT w/e eerve Hole — uaxsonubie. Ha nenoit crenke yxpenen crpynonepcareny 1 } DUXG MCTAMINNECKOH TWlacTHHBL ¢ KpIONKAMH JUIN Kpemaenna crpyst Bo peKek 2 € wanopo mxactnuolt. B upanoli creuxe mon yrviom 80—85° K maockocra jek yeranosaennt KonKH-BapGéqn, cayxamne JWik HaTATUBAHHA CYpyH H HX HacTpoliKH. / Bee crenku HsroTosnsior a3 ApeBecuHbl Oyka,y KeHa TOMUHHOIt 1820 aim asia nepennel u sagne crenox, 35-40 MM — aun wteRoit x 50-60 sa — sa mpasoh waknounx crenok. Jax wtcceon m0: CaXKH KONKOB, mpetorspantentin ux nposopasusaiin 1 cradmastocrs CTpos npabyiO creaxy usroroRaswT us TPex-, WATHCHO‘HOTO MATA C pasHy- HBIM Hampabsenuem caoes: ba Has PY-KHHX COA HanpapzeHL BiouL npa- BOii cTeHKu, BHYTpeMtMe — nonepex HAH NOx YOM K HapyxXHLIM caosM, Meky unsrorosaiior a ornean. HbIX LoMleveK pesonaucHol ean pa- AuadeKoH pactasoBKH, no_o6panutx Puc. 21. Cxeuaruecoe usoSpame- 10 BeTY 1 OTHO ckneenHnx MexKay ane ‘ryenei sBouvatux co6oit. IIo Konrypy xexa (xpome je Boli creukH) oKaHTOBana wuTannKoM a oeceecunbt Oyka, KuieHa, wopenof 8 Testu user, Llupuia anon ka cocrabaset 6—8 mm. Ano usrotosasor ua tpexcaotinol Kaeeuolk axepsr rommuioi 4m, : K ene. « Any npmktensaor no 3—4 npyacunn ua Apewecums ean, penomatad WX Ha HeKe Beepoobpasxo; KoHyeH npy.iciH BKICHBAIOT paetiiolo H mepemiio cTeHKH pawKu Kopnyca; ma Jue Bee mpy2xuitpt Pachowaraior nepnensuyatipuo nepenuell crenke. Bucora mpyacn 18—20 va, roma que ryeneii-nuxKon0 u yupuma — 12 Mat, -aaet—14 wim u -6ac—16 sa, Henpuxacennas KPOMKa upy2kum saopamtena. Moxcrasxa, kak wy apyrax manKopuix My3biKamBuBx nHcT- Pymenros, cayakur aut orpaniienia namie paboel uaen crpyzur, Ke oaatH RaBmeHus crpyH exe. Mecto yerarioKi noseraBKn ry ne- ee meuPenenner cam UcnlonuHTeR», pyxoBocrayace spy¥annem Huct- pra 1 CreHleHbio HaTAKeHHA CIpyH, uMeR B BHLY, #70 ¢ yBenuye- HieM janis pa6ovel vaere enpyust mpm coxpaitenin waeore, spyua- His yBenuMuBaeTcA H ee HaTAXKeNHe, UTO OKAsMIBAeT HomoxurenbHoe Ravanue a spytauue, u Hao6opor, ymeHsinan aauny padoreh acta, papeABlirad NoAcraBKy GamKe K pesouaropHomy oTbepeTie mpi Toit we Bolcore aByIaHHs HOT, HCHOAMUTeEM yMeHoulger HaTaxenne ctpynt, Tlogeranky usrorosnmor ua apesecunei Oyka, Karena putcoroi 16—24 wi; B pepxitow uacts sanpecconana aafopaa naacria, Puc. 21, 2 pasmepsi — B taba, 6, Crpoli rycaeli ockosan Ha auatoumueckoli raume x umeer auanra- S01 B OchioBioM 2 oxtaBis. HoctosmHoro crpos rycau ssonwarn ne 48uMetoT. Ax Moxyo HacTpauBatb B TOHaTBHOCTH 00-mascop, pe-mancop, Aenascop 7. 3. Konuectao erpyn 13-15. Bo BpeMs urpst ryca eAAT HA KONCHAX HeHOMUNTeNA, aByK HoBMeKaercR MeqHaTopom mre- PeOopom erpyn, mpauem sayuar nume Te CTpyusl, KoTopHie He npuray- mlaioTeR nanbHaMH nenoit pyKt. TASTHILA 6, OCHOBHBE PASMEPHI T¥GHER SBONUATEX, war Ovosnane | Toxesarem nt econo Toma Aas Bae (pie.'21) Pasweps uterpy- Menta naa L $60-600 850-880 9001000 1050-1100 uupaa A 240250 290-300 320-330 ‘Say —3a0, seicora 50 50-52 “55 _58 6265 Hwamerp —pesowa- 45 50 55 60 TopHoro. oraeperia Eumia erpywonep- a 120 30 140 150 -xarens Aust ctopox 1 240-250 320-350 360-390 440-460 4 450-460 640-670 700-750 BAG) Pacotommue or *p 170-180 180-190 299-930-7098 cxpynonepakarena Ho weurpa pesora- Topuioro oraeperiia : Tommuma xex 3-35 354 445 45-5 Koansectéo erpyn 13 TA 15 Mob 14—15 Tycan uumkosste, Hpeanasuaveny 00 upp opKeerpax napog- remtctPyMeHron, To epabnexmo ¢ ryeaimit suonsernan LMHETKOBBIE ep Meter Obmunt: auanasou sByuania—S onan Kopnye rye- fel Yerauopae wa versipex HoxKax, Meradamiocere crpynt .uacr- Fost NO SBYKOpaxy xpomariveckoll tawMes. Capyiny salHnemBaiores pacncantit oGenx pyx. Tax opentuposku Bo pens Era crpyzst Pacnonaraiores Ha ‘Byx pasnEx YPOBHAX: B Bepxtem aazy crpyHEt Cie sop ke AF MANO, B mAKLeM — upoMextToIeNe xpowatirie- ckHe ssyxn, poh yontOokTaBHoit hoprenuauno xnasuarypol. Stiae e Ralapuary- polt yeranopen 8 newok uactu Kopnyea non erpynamn, Jemnbepse SaYRH uopaeKaiores npasoit pyxoi MeqHaTopoM. Tycau o6opyaonann nena, npn naxarny KoTOpoit Bee nemnibe- Pee mMaloTcR Ww Bce crpysnn woryr anyuats onnoBpemenHo, Sto HeoOxonuMo np wenomuennn xpomatavecnne raMM mpueMom rne- cakno, Ecam cuath amux ¢ KlaBHaTypoli won Ha AauTeADHOE Bpema 493auleTKOit BKAOTUTH MeLaIb, KAaBHINNNe Tycm Moro AcHOmbIOBATS Kak imunkonbte, Juana3on sByvanis Kaapnumx rygfeH—or 5 20 7 oxras. AP@A Apa —oaun ua apeonefimx mumxonx AysunamoMn HNeTpy- Menton. 3a MHOroBexoByI0 HeTOpitio cBoero /passuTIT apha npenpa- THaaeh 8 caoxkuDi MMeTpyMent, secuisdaouu comme 2000 se- raaeh, uaroroBseHuEx m0 BEICOKOMY KAagey TouMocTH, Coppementian apda ‘Baeume Hweer Popwy TPeyronsupka c usorHyTol BepxHe mH- unei (pic. 22) c BeprukabHo HaTstyruwn 46 crpynamu, B TOM meae — 11 Meraaamuecknx 35 XWAGHLIX HIM chitTeTHUecKHX. Bumycxaer aphs enuicrsennax 8 CCCP Jleumurpagcxan pa6pu- xa um. AB. Jiyxauapexoro. Texnuueckas xapaxtepwerHka apcbbi, mM: Bucora unerpymexra 1857.5 Tay6uua unerpywenta B aaocxoctn erpy — 995-24,3 Hanna xopnyca no zeKe 1364,5% 1,5 iMlupuua Kopnyca B xiDKEeM ocosammn = 420-4 Ulnpuna xopnyca B pepxnem ocxosanun 881,75 Buyxacers ext np Hatm@Kennn crpyt 16 (paceernast) Hamma erpyn sanenwansias 1529-42 : ‘Doowa expyn manmwaseas 69221 Crpoft aps ockosan ma quatonuueckoit ramame. [uanasox snyxoB coctapaser 6'/, OKTABH, OT pe-6eMoas KONTPOKTABK 10 coab-dues uerneproii oKTaBE. Ocuosunle weraan apdut: Kopmyc, KouKOBaN paMa, KONOHA, r1aB- nonin nedampabtii MexaHnamn, ocHORaHHe H CTPYHB. PaccorpuM KOHCTpYKTUBHOe ycTpOlicTBO OTAeHDULIX vacrelt apout. Kopnyc. Usrorosaserca myx BHOB: ¢ AeKoll, mocTerleHHO pacum- psiouielicn cBepxy BHU, Hc AeKOM, YUIMpeHHOL B WHXHeH vacTH 3a cuer Kpenaetaa K Kopmycy myx Goxosux. Tocnemnan KouctpyKunA Kopnyca npuaer cpeauemy u Gaconomy pernerpam Gonee ray6oKoe apyuauue, yBenUYHBaeT cIMY HM MPOAOMKUTeNDHOCTh sByYaHA HH crpymenta. Kopnye coctout us Kapkaca (pic. 23, 6), oGevaex (o6mmBoK) 6 (puc. 23, a), xexu J, naankn 13 (puc. 23, 6) ¢ oKHAMH, OOKOBEH (IPH yumpentiolt nexe) u KpBUIKH ¢ waiiGoit. Kapkac mpeqctasaner co6oli ysex, cocroammi us ocHopaHns 1 TOMOBKH, BEPXHAX H HKHUX KONTPOGeuaeK, Tauroyros u ABOLNEX yromuvxos. Tosaee K coOpanHomy Kapkacy MpaKiennawor obevaii- Ku, eKY, WlaHxy ¢ OKHAMM 1 MpH HeOOXogUMOCTH — COKOBHEE Ockosanue x 20208Ka KapKaca HSTOTOBAAOTeR HS TpexcsofHOT Hepexiefinoro mivTa ApesecHHM KneHa c HZaHMHO MepHeHUKyaApHEIMt pachonoxennen caoen H cay:KaT LH KpenmenNA K MUM BepXHUX H HUDKHHX KouTpoGesack. Kpoie Toro, rowoska KapKaca cay:KHT OM0- 50poit nan rososKH KomKoBoti ambi, a ocHoBaie — onopoii TW OCHOBAKEA apiphi. Bepxtue u wuycnue Kowrp- obevatixu enyxat a8 mpH KjleHBaHHA K HUM oGeyaeK, YBeANYeHHA TOMA pH HEHBANHSL QEKH HM KpeNAeHHs umanroyros. Bepxane Konrp- oGevaik © HsrOTOBIAIOT 43 ApeBeCHH! eH, HIDKHHe — M3 Kjena, GyKa. Mnaxzoyro. upugaror Kop- nYCy' 2KecTKocTb, —eo6xostH- MYO Aut Toro, ITo6HI 66nb- was Yacrh 9Kepran, roayyae- Mas exoil oT WHTKa cTpyHEl, pacxogopasach wa anyKoo6- pasopaHHe =. H = MeNbUIag yacTh — Wa Bpeluble noTepH. Uersipe umanroyta, yeranas- AMBacMBse Mo Bee AsHHE Kap- Kaca H Ha paBoM pyr or apyra pacctoanuu, Kpenatca Ha Kulelo H Wypymax. K Bepx- HUM oH AWKHUM KoMTpobe- ualikam, Ulnanroyrst vsroTopamor Wa Tepexaeiinuinu 13 MaccH- Ba ApeBecuHH xKueHa c pas ANYHBIM pacnouoxeHHem cx10- eB, HAM THYTOKMeCHBMH 3 ayuleHoro Gepesozoro mmoHa Puc. 22. Apba nO pasMepaM. WHPHHB KapKa- ca B MecTe Hx ycraHOBKi. K xapkacy mpuksensaiorca mpapaa u sepat oO euaiiKH, OcHO- Boi aBsaeted“tpexcaolinad xneexan (anepa, oGsOBamian c Ha- PyHOH uw BHYtpeRHeH ‘cropou cTporaHLIM WNOHOM KpacHoro Aepena, opexa, naaucaupa, anMonoro xepena, crpyiivaroro KacHa nm Ipy- THMH WeHHBIMH MOpodamn ApeBecuntDl. Tipu ckaenpanun oGevaek Hanpasmenue Boaoxon Hapyytnx cnoeR OGMMOBOHOTO WINONA HOMKHO COBNALaTh Cc HanpaRmeHMeM samp kopuyca, T. ¢. LIT HanpaBexo POM KOPMYca, a OCHOBE — No yrulOM 30°, 7. e. HampasaeHHe BoOKON HapyAXUBIx c0eB K:teexoH panepH OnI- 40 Mapasenbuo ctpyHam. BokosuuM cayxaT Ja yseauyenus oOvema Kopnyca 1 pas- Mepos j1eKH NO MNPHHe B cpemHel HM HMKHeM YaeTAx KOpmyca, Co- eroaT GoKOBNHE 13 AHa U GopTHKos, UsTOTORAeHHUX us stpenectiE Kena. 51as67 89 4H VA se? Puc. 23. Kopnye aps: @—6es Goxosus; 6—~c 6oKom Kapkac; J— Xena: 2—sepxauh pyc: 3— nuMeul Opye; 4—mnanroytu; 5 pyc un; 6—odewalny; 7—Goprum xexu; 8— Goprur Kopnye optu Coxopunu; 10 — no Goxosunis: 1/ —xontpoCevafxa nepxiie; 72—xourpoSerafiea Humnue; 13—naauxa é onmaun Tino cknewpaetca M3 OTACIDHBIX HoMeveK ToMMHHOH 6—7 MM, NAOTHO CKACCHHEIX MerKAY cOOol HM OGANMOBANNHx cTporanurM UmMO- HOM Tex 2Ke TOPOL NpeBecHuM, KaKHMH OOMUOBANE OGeyatiKH. Jo Kpemlurca wa KueIo U Ulypynax K cne“HanDuo cRemaruomy nan STO LeaH BEIpesy B BEX KOHITPOBeUaliKaK. 52K any Wa Kaew m wypynax xpenures Goprux, K KoTOpoMy npaKaen- BaeTca H yKpenimercn WypynaMH YUIMpeHHax YacTh jeKM, conpuKa- caioutasica ¢ GoKoBHHAMH Aleka mpegctapaser cool ysex, cocronmuit us pesonancnoro uuura, BepxHero u HWOKXHerO GpycoB, ABYX MpyxuK U HaGopa orpalu- uureateit KHOTOK H OOP. B orawune o ApyrHX WMNKOBHX MYSEIKAqbHBIX HHCTPyMeHTOB [e- Ka paGoraer B 0co60 CAOKHBIX YCMOBHAX. Ecaw crpyuhi, HanpuMep, y ruvap, GananaeK, MangoauH, 2oMp ApYPHX UMMKOBBIX MYSHIKAMUBIX HHCTpyMeHTOB OKasHIBaloT cpaBH- TeAbHO HeGOUbUIOe LaBeHHe Ha AeKy Yepes MogcTaBKy, TO B apie CTpyHbt HanpaBaenst BepTHKabHO M KpelisiTea ON WerlOcpexcTBeHKO K AeKe TOL OBOABHO GouWAM yruoM. CBORM TOCTORHHLIM cyMMap- HbIM HaTwMKeHHeM, KOTOpoe JocTHraer 100 KH (1000 xrc), crpyHBt ctpemstes Bbipsats mexy u3 Kopnyca. Ho 6uaromapsa tomy wro jeKa Npowho mpukacena H yKpenueHa lypynaMu K BepxHUM KOHTpOGeYail- KaM, OHa He OTpbIBAeTCH, a TOABKO BLITHGaeTCH, CO3aBad BEINYK- HOcTh, CHOCOScTBYIOMLy!o YBeTMYeHHMIO YNPYrOCTH AeKH u, cHeLOBATEMB- no, yayumennio spyvanusa apis. Ecam y pyrax IHNKOBHIX MyS3uIKamDHBX HHCTpyMeHTOB BHINYK- socth jeku coctasaner 1,5—2 MM, TO BLINYKUOCTS seKH apdet 10- cruraer 12—16 wm. UroGn He Hapyulars ductory crpos, BeHYHEY BLINYKAOCTH eKH HEOGXOAMMO YTHTHIBaTh MPH pacueTe MeHaypHT apoui. Koxcrpyknpin ekH AOmKHA OGecesHTS MpoocTh Beex ee sae MeHTOB, HaJ@KHOCTS PaGOTH B YcsOBHAX sKcTyaTauME, conpoTu- JieMocTh HaTsDKeHHIO CTpyH Cc BeNMuMHO! BEIyKAOCTH He Gone 16 wo. Octopolt gekH spaseTca pesonancnolt mur, BocHpUNHMaIOMAi B ocuoBHios Harpy3Ky cyMMapHoro Hatsmxenua crpyx. Msroropaserca IMHT HS OTAeMDHDIX XOPOMIO BLICYMIEHHHX H BELePAKANNBX TOMeTeR pesonanicioli, ex, NOMOSpaHHEIx To C1010, UseTy, MTOTHO cKTeeHTTEX Mexkay coOoil H pacnowOKeHHLIX NepmeH_MKyAAPHO OCH NeKH. Toauyita ura nepemennas: Buusy— 8 MM, 20 4-H OKTaDEI ona ocraeres mourn HeuaMeHuol, pBepxy 2 vat. [upuna mura auuay 420, pnepxy — 88 wm, Tipa wsrotopaenuu apdsi c GoKonunama uMpHRy AeKH yseaHuH- paiot go 486 MM Mm BMecTo ognocaolinot cknenBaior mpyxcsofnyi Rexy: Repxuuit caof c MPONOEBIM HanpaBseHHeM BOJOKOH, HWK- nuit — c monepermuim, Tommuna Bepxuero con Buusy 2—2,5, Bpep- xy — 1 wm. Toammtia nomepewHoro cow octaeres TAKOH xe, KAK pH oAHO- caolixoh Tonepeatoi aeKe, tr. e. sausy 8 1 BBepXy — 2 TIpyscuxe: nossuaior Npoutoct seKH u cnocoGcrByIoT pasoMep- HOMY PacnpocrpanenHio sByKOBLIX Bon no cel nexe. Ipy2xnnEt — Nepemenrioro ceueHUA MO TOMUMIHE H TO BHICOTe, PacHomOxKeHL OHH CHMMeTPH4HO OTHOCHTeTBHO OCH LeKU. Bunay ou Bkxcens B rie3za ocHoBaNua KapKaca, a BBCpxy He 10- XOAAT HO TOIOBKH KapKaca. 53MakcnMaapHas shicora mpyxun: 16 mM B paiione 5-4 oxrasns, busy 8H BBepxy 3 mM. Bepxnui Opyc eKU cayuT YAK Kpensenusa orpannunteneli, KHO- TOK H ONOP, NpeAHASHATEHHUX B CBOIO OUepells AAA KpenTeHUA cTpyH BleKe, Tlo ocesott smmuu 6pyca npocwepsuBaior cKBO3HDIe OTRepeTHs, Npo- XOAAME TAKE CKBOSb LeKY H HILAUUT Opyc. Bo ms6exane cmaTHAa creHOK oTBepeTHti H AJA MOAyyeHNs stcHO- TO W YHcTOrO sBysaHuA cTpyHM apdol JomKMBI He conpuKacaTDcA c Apenccnuoli, a Mpoxoxurs Yepes BryKH WAH ONHpaTeCH Ha OnOpE, yxpenaecunbie 8 oTpepcrunx. Tax, Gacoubie crpyutt mpoxonar epes “atyHHbIe BIYTKH, HasLIBacMble OrpanHuNTenAMH, C BAYTPCHHUM AHa- Merpom orseperun 3 wm (11 um), expysist cpeaxero perucrpa — Nepes orpanuntedM, usroTORMAeMBIe 13 Yeptoro Aepena c BHYTpeN- uM aHaMerpom oTpeperua or 1,2 0 2,7. um (37 mr.), a crpyHer BepxHero peruicTpa onupalores Ha 4-mnslJHMeTpoBBIe OMIOpHI ¢ KaHaB- KaMM A CTpyH H SaKpersmoTcs KHONKaMH Ma 4epHoro qepeRa (8 Kommexros). Pasmepit Bepxuero Opyca: no 1upHue — srusy 30, aBepxy 12 MM; nO TonMmHHe — BHH3y 5, BBepxy 1,5 MM. Huoeuti Opyc, Kak M BepXuMil, cA KAT NaN KpeTenua orpaHHuH- Tencil, KHONOK H On0p, HO B OTAUYHe oT BepXHero BOCTpHHHMaeT HesiauiTeqbHyIo wacTh cyMMapHoro HaTMKeNNA cTpyH _(nOpsaKa 10-12%). Vsrorosasercs on H3 Kena tommuno% 18—20 mm na yuacTke HixHerO H cpesuero perucrpos, Aanee TomMEHAa MOCTeTeHHO yMcnburaetca 20 3 Mat BBepxy, o wpe — Bansy 45, BRepxy 13 MM. Kpowku ocnopanas 6pyca ZomKHL GuITe caerKka cMardeHtt. Jeka Kpenutea x Kopnycy, K BepxHM KONTpOGevaliKam Ha KueIO u ulypyniax no pce cwoeli aauMe c pasHuimn paccrosumama (40 MM) Mexay wypynamu. B aphe c CoKoBuHaMH eka B yuMpeHHol vacTH Kpemmrea K GoKOBHHaM, a axee —xK KOHTpoGevaitkam., Kpensenue ACKH AORKHO 6bITh MPOUHBIM H HaxexHo NpoTasogelicrsoBaTH HaTs- xKeHm0 crpyn. UToGb sakpsIT roslOBKH UypynoB, Bomb KOpnyca ¢ ABYX CTOPOH MIpHKAeuBaloTeA GOpTHKH Hs TpeBecHHH Kena TOmN- Holt 3—4 um, Tlaauka c oKHaMu coequnser npapyio W ney! o6euaiiKn ¢ sage cropoum Kopnyca. Tare oxo & maHke pasiiix pasmMepos ABIMOTCA KAK 641 PeIOHATOPULIMN OTBEPCTHSMH Kopnyca u cAyRar, Kak HB APYTHX UINKOBLIX MYSbIKAMbHBIX HHCTPyMeHTaX, cpencTBOM JIA YBCMNVCHHA CHIE H MpOROWKuTerHOCTU sByYaHus. [lanka c OKHAMM UsroTOBMAKeTCH U3 TpexcaOliHOrO IHTA APeBeCHH KeHa co B3AHMHO MepleHsNKYsApHEIM pactionoxennem cyloes. B oKHAX 110 KONTYpy BHIONPaeTcs raaTesb, KOTOPYIO OGHUHO TOKPHBaIOT cycadb- TbIM 3071070M. Pasmepur islanki: no mMpNe sutsy 108, spepxy — 56,5, 10 roa- mune — 12 tm. Kpwmka c uraiGoii, coeauuennan c ocHosannem KapKaca c TOMOUBIO ABYX JBOMNEIX yromDHNKOB, HSrOTOBNAeTeH U3 Tpexemo‘Ho- ro mura ypeBecHAL Kena H eayKUT OnOpoll yIH KOROHNL. KpuKy Btykpauiawor xyaoxectseHnoli pesb6oli ¢ nosouoroli B cooTeTerBHH \ douuM apxETeKrypHo-xysoxecTBeHEDM OfopMeHHeM apput. KoaKosan pana. Fpeiasnayeua aaa Kpeneuus raapnoro mexa- \ wusMa i KONKOB fui HaTaruBanuA erpyn (pic. 24). K KoaKoBolt pa- Me nPeXbABAROTCA BHICOKHE TPe- Gopauus rlasKbim o6pasom m0 npownocra x @opmoycrosMnyo- CTH, HocKoubKy OHA JOMKUA He TOKO BELLepAKATR cyMMapHoe HaTmKeHHe ctpy, AocTuraiomee 100 KH (1000 xre), Ho # erpoll uNeTpyMeHTa 10- crommmbim. TouHocts crpos, Kpo- Me Toro, 34BUCHT TAKAKe OT CO- ApOTHBAeHUA ApeBecttE! KOMKO- ofl pamix nposopaunaniio Kos Kos. Crloco6iocts penecuitbt okaatiBaTb COMpOTHBTEHUe —TpO- BopatuBanuio KoAKOB aBsmeren oaHHM 13 MOOrKHTeMTREBIX csolicrs, rapanTapyiommx cra- GuapHocTD eTpoA H TONHOCTS Wa- crpoiixu, Ecan 80 apems ucnoa- HeHHA MY3bIKAMbHDIX MPOHsBeNe- nuit erpyhbl «ie xepxcar> erpol, gnauut, KOJKU npoBopayuBarores WM apOucrKe upuxoaures uacto noxrarisat m Racrpaueare cTpyibl. 910 mbametcn GomItNM ue_ocTaTkoM apdui, 1 TaKolt Hi- erpyMent cunTaerch HeKavect- penne. Tit yBenuuenus npow- Hoctu, yetpanenun KopoGueHHst 1 pactpeckunaaua, a rake yMettb- len BosMozKHOCTH MpoRopa- AMBaHUA KOMKOB KOMKORY!O paMy HSrOTOBAMIOT 13 NATH HNH CeMH- caoiitoro ultra a6comOTHO 310- ponoli, 6e3 Kakux-mG0 TOpoKoR, APeBeCHA KneHAa TIOTHOCTHIO He ewe 650 xr/s, ropuoBoll TBep- Puc. 24. Konkosaa paMa um raaBHnifi exannane apipit B paapese: jelinenus MCR; 10— erage: — oc muna; 13— EET ynopa; Mexaiuanay £2 dtaprup; 16— Tata nocTmI0 We Meriee 55 MH/s? (550 xre/ew?) © paanambHoli pacnuson- Koli qoulexex must Bex cHloes. TanrexunanbHat pacnHsoBKa jpenecti- HbI He LonycKaeTcs. Kaxcauii m0 cknensaior 13 OTHeMbHSIX XOpomTO BEICYLIeHHBX H BHLEPKAHUBX AOUMLeVeK, TMaTeMbHO MpuyroBaAALx H TWIOTHO cKMe- eHHX Mexny Co6oft. ITpx stom caoM eyx.Kpaiaux m aByx BayTPeH- HX IHTOR pactoaaralorea Brom sale YacTH KOKORO! pambl, HauGoaee noxBepxeuHol xehopmanut. OGe mtacTH KomKOROH pant 554H BepXHAT KpoMKa OSAMMOBAHE! eTporallKIM WINOHOM TOM 2%Ke ApeBe- cuubl, YT0 4 OGexaliKH Kopnyca. Touma KOAKOBOIt pamit 38 Mat, STO W eCTb paccTomHMe MEXAY IeKaMH raaBHOrO MexanusMa B xoaKonoit page mpocsepaupaiores orpepeTia ana KonKoB. Mecra cBepaenvs orBepeTiit yerawabauBaior c TAKUM pacueTOM, HTOOH rou HgIOMa CTPYHM OT KOA Ka K TOpoxkKy oGecrewAa HeOGxomuMoe jaBTeHHe eTpyHbI wa noporkex. Or ycumHa, © KoropuM ctpyHa UpwXHWaeTeR K MOpOmKy, aanicHT yueTOTA sBy¥aHHA CxpyHN, Ecau y ApyrHux IHnKOBLIX MySbIKaIbEHX serpy acuro yrou Hsa0Ma cTpyHBt ¥ TouoBKH W NlojerapKH xone6nerea u npenenax Ii—18%, ro B ape stor yroa cocrapamer 5—20°. Mémutme sHavexua yraos mpuHuMaiotca xan crpyx GacoRoro Peructpa, re AMaMeTps weTanstueckux ‘crpyH AOCTATOWKO BeAMKH, a GémbilNe— Au CIpyR cpeauero u wepxnero perwerpop. [an mpegorepalienux MOqOMOK 10- POKKOB He PeKOMeHAYeTCA YBCMHYHBAT YIvbi U3IOMa CTPyH, OCOGeHEO B GacoBOM peruerpe. Koaku neranaaor b orseperia xoaKosoli paitss, Co cropons xpentena crpyx Konki OMKUM BUCTYNats wa TaKoe paccrostiie, WOOK CrpyHul NPOXOARAM NO ueuTpy Kawapxm noporkxon. Jaa Gaconoro perverpa 9v0 paceromuue pasHo 15, aaa epenuero 12 x gam wepxuero 10 mx. Co Cropoust Hactpollkd KOmKH OmKEM BLI- ctymarh Ha oguWaxogom pacetosHun, Jlocruraerea 970 3a cuet pasuoli qmmHEL Konko: AwHHa Gomuux KoaKoB pasa 85 ma (14 mn.), cpeguux 83 wat (18 WT.) # Mansx 81 wm (14 wt). ‘Urow KoaKH He NpOBOpauiBamics, clina TpewHA MexXAY MH HW ApeDecHHO! AomkHA OUTS Sombie CHAM HATAXeHHS crpyH. [am STOTO KOKA nenalor KOyCHR- ua (1:50), Ha cpenmow vacrs KOMKa HawlocaT Mpogomble PHCKH. Tlepeauaa vacts KoaKopo pai coeawisteren ¢ KOTOEHO!, a gama YaCTb eBoelt romoBKoh omupaeTen Ha BepXMiow vacTs Kopnyca 4epes OOpyyeK HS aaTyHU. Tososky KomKonoii pamit naroToBasior us AByx MaccnBHNXx 6pyc- KOB KuHa, U3 KOTOPEIX MPaBbili COeMHHAIOT Ha KIO CO IHTOM KOA- KoBOi paMbl, a weBbiii—co mWHTOM H MpaBbim’ 6pyckoM. Takoe coe- AueHHe MuOrocnofHoro UyHTa c GpycKaMH TOOBKH sBISeTCH BlOAHe HAMOKUBIM 4 OOecHeYNBaeT NPOUHOCTS KOAKOBOH panel. Kosonna. Konouna coeqauserca ¢ KOKORO paMok u KpBIUIXKoii ocHoBania Kopnyca, OOpasyx tperbo cropony TpeyrombunKa. K Ko- JOKE, Kak MK KOKORO! paMe, npeDABIMOTeA BLICOKUe TpedoBa- HHS, MOCKONBKY Oa BOCHPHHHMaeT Harpy3ky OT HaTAKeHs cTpyH H MOSTOMY TomRepxeHAa npoonsHOMy usruGy. Hexoas 3 TpeGoBaRKi MpOUHOCTH, KOMOHHA QOKHA HSTOTOBIATDCA H3 aOcOmOTHO sqopo- Boil, Oe3 BCAKHX NOPOKOB, mpeBeCHHE Kaela, XOPOLIO BbICyLIeHKO! Hf BLIMepKanEOH. Cpensioro veers KonOHIN cKneMBaloT Ha NeTWpex OpycKOB, Blayare TO nONO- BHHKAM Sa0OAOHKOl waCTHIO BHYTPb, BEPXHIOIO H HIDKKIO YaCTH KOMOEES Yromula- oT _npuKaelxol nouommuréasmix Opyckop. B Kaxuol momopumKe cpeasel yacTH BuOupawr Kahan pasmepom 40X6 Mat, KoTopslt yrayOasor H YIEpAOT B HHNKHEM acta; noeae store Ge TomOBHHKH cKNeMB2IOT MEMAY COGOH, H TOTAA Kalan MMeeT pasmep 40X12 an, B xavan noemator ceas natyntix tpy6ox Hapyainm auamerpow 5 uxt (TOCT 494—~76), BuytpH Kotopsix npoxogaT arm quAMeTpom 3,5 MM 9 cTa.tH —L,rrrrC—~—C“"WCCCsCsC=Ci‘airyeyUCis_izssC Karjat vs tar Ha ofWoM KouNe HMeeT pesbOy Jaa CoemuHelMA c nompecKoi pac- npedemurenbHoro MexawusMa, a Ha ApyroM — pesb6y jam coemitHieHNA c HaKOHeUHH- KOM, Coenen ¢ puwarom nenamt, Kaxkitan tara umeeT cBoe Haswanke; do, pe, Hu, "pd, cOXo, A.W Cu — B SABNCHMOCTH OT, TOTO, KaKAH TATA TylaBHorO MexaMioMa U.psuar neAaim coeannmorca Mexay Cobol, TpyGxu mpHmauBaorca K ABYM MCTMJHYECKHM WnacTuHAM, BepxHAA US KOTO- PSX sakpenasercs B pepxHeit wacTH Kanaaa. 56Jswxexne tar BHyTpH TpyGoK AOmMAHO SEITh cHOGoARAM OT Tpe- xuii, neperiGon. Bo H30exanle CrYKOB, NPH3BYKOB H ApyrHx WyMOB Bo BpeMa urpui, yser Tpy6oK B cpemuel uacTH OOepTbBaeTcA Kan ClOABHEIM CYKHOM Hf 3akpertaneTCA KOpAOBOM HUTKOH, a KaHaT BHM iteli yumpentioft wactH OKseHBaeTCH STHM CYKHOM. Kououny ypamaior xyaoxectaeHnof pesbGoi c nosonoToh 8 co- OTBETCTRHH C OGMUM apXUTeKTYpHO-xyZoRecrBenHHM oopMaennem apber, Puc, 25, Vaen rat raapuoro Mexanmama apipui J —tara; 2—nonpecka; $—5— wapaupst pactpexesurensioro Nexasmsma; 6 — want Dra tary 7 —sepxmult pax nary 8 —apronpse, 9 oe Taapnitit Mexansm. Slaanercs onmum us HauGonee caoxHEX ya- JOB apts, cocrommax v3 B3aHMocnasaHHBx y3n0B Tar (pic. 25), uiaprmpox, oceli, AUCKOB, NopoxKoB Apyrux Aerasell, oGecueHH. BALOUWX H3MeHeHHe AMEE paborelt actu erpys. [pw oom raasnoro Mexansma crpysii no 2enanHio Henod- HnTe1A MOU NepecrpouTs ua OHO! TOHANBHOCTH B Apyryio. H TAK Kak mepecrpofika qomkua MponsnomuTees GeciyMHO, raaBHi Mexa- HSM JOKE paoTats mviapiio, erKo, Ges MOCTOPOHHUX 3BYKOB, MpisnyKoB, CTYKOB MU UleAYKOB, KOTOPHIe coBepUIeNHO HenonycTUMs, Becmymnat w ntapuan GesorkasHax padota Bcex jerastel H ysH0B TaaBHOro MexaHMaMa aBAACTCH rapaitiel AMTeMbHOK axenayaTalun apet. Tlostomy K usrotopneniio AeTastelt H UX COOpKe NpebABAAIOT- cH Ove» BHLCOKHE TpeGoBaHns. Taapnnit Mexanam npusoaures p gBmKeHHe ¢ ToMoULIO MeRameli HedambHoro MexanusMa, [pn waxatim Horoit Kaxoil-an6o neqaau, HanpuMep ors do, ua 140 crynens B noxoxeHHH GeKapa tara 1 37(cm. puc. 25), npoxogmman B Tpy6xe BHYTPH KONOHNE, MpHBOMT B AwHAKeNLe TPH WapHupa J—5 pacnpesetwTenbHoro MexaHisMa 9TOMi 2Ke HOTS, MPHBOLMUe B ADIXeHHe BepXHUA PAA THT, coemUHEHHLIX Mexuy coOoi wapaupamu 8, MacaxennHbisar Ha Ocb 9. Bee Och HOT do Beex OKTaB NO BepXHeMy psy pu 9TOM MOBopaunpaiorea na om- peuesenm yron, Ha Kouus cel Hacarkedbt BIJIONKH — ANCKH CO LITUIPBKAMH, KOTOPBIe, HOBOPAYHBAsICh, BAXIMAIOT BCe OMHOUMCHHEIE crpyHit Hors 0, ykopatuaan Hx poB- HO HACTONBKO, CKONDKO HYIHO —j:t5 TOBHIMIeHHA ee SBYYAHHA Ha TMosTOHA Ecau ory xke nega mepenectit ¢ nep Boii Ha Bropylo cTyNeHh B NOAOACHHE aes, wlapHHipl pacnpeslestiteabHoro MexaHuaMa NaunyT [piraTh Tenep> yae MIGKIMI PAL Tar, TMoBOpasinast Bee oc uoTbI do ¢ queKAMII, 3axKuMAA omioumenubie crpyHbl, ykopauupast BTOpH4HO UX AJIMHY, MoBbiat mpi aTOM aBy4anve cTpyH cHoBa Ha mos Towa, Taxmat o6pasom, Tpemt nosozKenaM nexageli cooretcrayior Tpit mosoxe- nus crpya (pic. 26): i —negana noguate BBepx — erpyant cpoSoaum u sayuar B SeMo- JAX; t ;5-0a # jcoombemembyouuwe mpen nonomentaw neice ioe wamamue), S-4a # { Onoowe xamamue). 2—newaan onymenst Ha ogny crynenb, p nomorxKenne Gekapa— CTPYREI YKOPOUHBI BEPXHHM PALO JHCKOB, M SBYYaHHe ux TOBLUA- eten Ha noaToHa; 3—negaan onyments ua eropyio crynenb, 8 nonoxKenue auesa— Crpywbl YKOPOUeHBI HIDKHHM psAOM ANCKOR, H sByYaHHe crpyH HoBD- miaerea CHoBa Ha TiomToHA. Pacemo7pes NpHHKKM elicTBHs rnanuoro MexauHaMa, ocraHoBUMeA Ha KOHCTpYKTHBHOM YerpoiicrRe OT/ebHBIX ero AeTanel n y3nos. Taasnpit Mexani3m coctout 13 sesof, mpapofi u Mazoi% ueK pacnpeneaurenbioro MexamusMa, yanos txr, mlapaupos, oceli, auc KOB, NOPOKOB, ABIOKKOB, CTAKEK, BAHTOB ynOpa Hu KpenexKHEIX e- taaeli. Ulexa sepaa—naockas saryian zetanh Tonmmnoli 3 mM, Ha KoTopolt MOHTHpYioTeA MOPORKM, ABIOXKH ¢ MopoxkKaMu, rpeCenKit pacnpeseauTempHoro MexanH3Ma, crsKKH. B wleke mpocpepacnsr Ko- HYCKbIe OTREPCTHA AIM Ocel THaBHOrO MexanHaMa H OTBepeTHA jam NOABECOK H CTIPKEK, COeMHHSIOMX raBHbh MexXaHHisM C KOTKOBOM pamoii uc npasol mexoli. Paccrommis Mexay uertpama orseperiii 38jas ocelt Kak NO BepTHKANH, TAK HHO ropHsouTasH, a TAKE pac- CTOSHEA NO NeHTPA TOpOxRKOR OMpemeamoT c GoasitioH TOYHOCTHIO pacueramu, Todoxenne 7ucKoB CO WTHIpbKaMH, YKopayHBa1ouLnx AMY pa6ouell YacTn CTpyHbl, onpewenner zauHY MeHSYpH Kaxknoft CTpyHbl M paccrosiin MeiKIy HUM, IpaBHabHOcrh cTpox apdus, yno6erso rrptt. Bor movemy paccrosiia Mexkay WeHTpaMH oTBepe- Tuli 1440 OUpeezAT OveHD TUHLATeMDHO H BHNMATeAbHO. KoopAnuatit uetttpos orsepcriti 128 ocell cBoHT & TAGs. Ulexa npapas mo ovepranmo ananoriuna seBoli, KpoMe Bepx- Heit sacri B npanoit wexe, Kak u B qeBoll, mpocBepauBalorea oTBepeTHiA naa oceli ¢ TeMH 2Ke KOOpAMMaTaMN IeHTpoB, HO APyTor ANaMerpa To pesp6y aun BuITOR ynopa B nepxneit vacru ciemaa Buipes, Ha Mecre KoTOporo ox yraioM Ipuxpeniewa Maaax WeKa Jud YxOGcTBa urpHI, YTOOL NpNGA- 3itT MpaByl0 pyky apducrkm K crpysiam BepxHero pernerpa, re JW HUI paOoueli wactH CTPYHsL MHHHMALIbHBE Coeanumores npaBas meKa c senoi nm Masofi crsKKamu, Msro- TOBIMOTeH BCe WeKH Us AMCTOBO! ATYHH ToMMMHOH 3 MM. Pacupexeanteasunh meXaumsM cayakur gax npapnay- HOCH BgaUMOgelicTBAA ABHAKeHIIA BepXHero HM HIDKHETO pALOB Tar raasHoro Mexaniama. [Ip apiwKeHMM BepxHero pata Tar HIDKUUIi JOUKEH OCTABATECA HENOABHKHBIM, ON HaYHHAeT CBOE {BINKeHHe Aum B MOMeHT 3axkaTum crpyH BHaOUKOH, TIpH ABMKeHHM HIDKHETO pala TAT RepxHMl jomKeN OcTaBaTecn HeNOMBEAKHM. Taxoe xe B3anMouelicrBMe ABIKKCHHA TAT YOKHO coGMOLATECA Mm Mp OOpaT- HOM ABWKEHUU, 7. €. MPU MepeBoxe Nexasel co BTOpo Ha nepBy!0 ctynenp Hi c nepaoil cryieHH B BepxHee MogoxerHe. Pacnpesestempunilt MexaiiigM cOCTOHT 13 MOjBeCKH, TpexX map- Hupop (imKHCTO, cpeaHero u BepXHerO) M ABYX TAP. Takoe KOsHYe- ergo erase mpexycmorperio ia Kaxaoro ysaa Tar. B rxasHoM MeXaHHi3aie, TAKIM OOpasom, HACHHTBIBAeTCA CeMb ONWHAKOBLIX pac- UpedenuteabHBxX MexaHHaMoB (110 Weny ToHOB). C HOMOMSIO 1OR- BECOK FUAKEMe IWaPHNPH COeMMUOTCA C TATAMH, POXO|AIAMIE BHYT- PH KOON H CoeAHHeHHLINH BHRSy c phvaraMH Teqasef yepes Ha- KOHeuHIKH. Jaa npawniocrd WanpasaeHit zBIMKEHKA WapuNpoB, yerpane- Hi BOSMOKHOCTH HX CONPHKOCHOREHHA MexkAY coGolk wapRHpEI ABH- 2KYTest B rpeOeHKAX, Oce npeactanaser co6oit Kpyraniil crepakenb, Ka_KOTOPOM B cpes- nei UacTH Ha 3agaHHOM paccTomHMH jxeqaioT HaKaTKy Atm mOTHO! niocaqxa mapnpa. Ha ogioM Kove Ocb HMeeT KOHYC, BXORAMIU B KoHYcHoe oTRepcTHe wleBol MEK m UHANBApHYECKYIO YaCTh ¢ Ha- pyxuoft nenolt u Buytpensiel pesbGol, Ha KoTOpyIo HaBMUUHBaeTeA 1 KperexcHuM SIMTOM saKpemanerca 2uCK co mTUpEKaME. Ha zpyrom KOHIe Ocb 34KaHUHBAeTCA XBOCTOBHKOM, BXOAMUIMM B PHe3qO BHHTAa yutopa. Taanauit mexanusm nacuntipaer 88 ocell, cBsisaxHbIx ¢ Mexanus- mom nepecrpoitxi, Ise crpyws us 46 (pe-Cemoas KoHTpoKTapEt H 59coab-Oues 4-it OKTaBbI) B Apyrue TOHAMbHOCTA He MepectpauBa‘oren 1 NOBTOMY ¢ MeXaHHSMOM MepectpoliKU We CBASAHLI . Janna ocel oWHaKona wa yuacTke MexKAy eBoll H mpaBol ule- KaMH W pasHas Ha yuacTKe Magoi MeKH, MOCKOABKY ona MpaKper- uicha K JeBol wexe nox yraom. Hsrotosamores ocH 3 cram Mmap- xu Cr, 45 (TOCT 1051—73). Buuts Ynopa sapanunsaor 5 mpanyo u Maayio meKu H cry- 2KaT, BO-MEPBLX, B KavECTBE NOALNHMKOB j\J1s XBOCTOBHKOB oceli TUaBHOFO MeXaHH3Ma HM, BO-BTOPBIX, A YCTPaHCHUH BOIMOXKHBIX 0TOB Mex ZY OCHO u MeKO!l. BuytpH BiiTos yropa Haxogatca npyaxcHua us crasbuol TepMa- uecku O6pa6oranHofl NpoBoAOKH {HaMeTpoM 0,5 MM H HaGop waliGo- Nek H3 aNcTOBO! cram TomMMHOH 0,2—0,3 mm. [IpyxuHa oKasnBaer AabAeHHe Ha OC, MPWKEMAA ce K KOHYCHOMY OTBepCTHIO JeBO! H Ma- Noi Wek, % YCTPaHseT BOSMOXKHOCTS NONBNEHHA sora. Ecau, HaoGopor, Och oKagbiBaeT CJMINKOM GomBIIOe RaBeHHe Ha orsepctie aesoil meKu, yxysulax pa6oTy riaBoro MexanuaMa, n20- Jee MoxkHO OcAabrTb, YkOpOTHE IpyxXNHY, HaM YMenbUIITE Kon. uectso maliGovex, Buntst ynopa usroTopasioter 3 JaTyHY MapKit JIC-59-1 (TOCT 2060-73) . Waprupor cayxat ani nepenaym asmxenua (noBopora) ocam rulaBHoro MexanHaMa. DopMy wapHupos onpesxenmoT KOHCTpyKTNBHO Ha OcHoBe KHHemaTHKH zBHxXeHUs Tar, [apHups HaroToBAniOTes 13 alatyum MapKu J1-63. I[lapuups saKpenaents Ha ockx Ha crporo onpenesentiom pacctomunn 1 oT KO- ryca ocx, [pave saa pasHix Yonoa tar atu paccrosnia pasamgns. Tax, aaa yana tar C o#0 paso 59 wu, a Ha Yuacrke mauioH mex —or 5,5 20 25 oat; ana ysaa tar D wa Beeli azine oko panto 0,3 mu; aus yeaa tar E—10,6 vo, 2 wa yuacrke mato mek —or 7,9 xo 4,7 wav; san yaaa tar A ono cocrapaser 31,4 mat a or 252 no 16,6 mm u v2, StH pacctoanns Onpexeaniorea u ycraHapampaiorca c ‘TaKHM pacveTOM, wroGs coceHHe WapxHpM M TATH He COMpHRACATHCh MexRy co- Gof np AoWKeKMM BO BpeNs urpH. Ecc ou Gyayr conpuKacatbcn, noRBaTeA cilesskil», CTY, MPHSBYKH. B 9TOM cayvae MexauuaM Haxo nepeOparL sa1t030, YTO- 6m wapHAper He conpukacasmch MexAy coGo#, Ha Och MAapHEPs HacaxuBaITCA € syrof nocanKo#, Ana vero B MecTe MOCAMKH lapHApa NPOHSBONAT HaKATKY OCH. Vaau TATH rMaRHOTO MexaHHeMa ¢ TOMOUbIO WAapHHpos coe- ANHSHOT MeXay coGoit OCH OHOMMEHMBIX HOT BCX OKTAB (cM. puc. 25), TOsTOMY HM yKopaumBaroTca OLHOBPeMeHHO HHH paGouel YactH cTpyu OjLHOf HOTEI BO Bex OKTaBAx. Camoe, noxkaayit, BaxkHOe B KOHCTpYKUMH Tar — STO TOUHOe onpe- aenenue ux Kombnrypanua. HenpasnibHaa Koudurypauna rar HeH3- 6eKHO MoBnever 3a cOOoH «meT4KH> H CTYKH MpH UX ABRKeHUA. Kax ye roBopHaocs BEIMe, raaBHblli MexanHaM QOKEH paGoraTh m1aB- HO, MsrKO, Ges KaKHX-1H60 MpUSByKOB, TOKO B STOM cryGae ON 6yner cayxUTS Zoro u HagexHO, TlosToMy TaPM AOMKEEI H3roTOR- AATEC CTpoTO MO WaGTOHY, a OTBePCTHA JIA COeMHHEHHA HX ¢ Wap- Hupamu cBepaHTHCA M10 KOHLYKTOpY. Ysui08 Tar 8 THaBHOM MeXalliaMe HacuHTHBaeTcH ceMb— no wucAy ToWOD oc- wosnoro sByxopaga. Kawauit ysen Tar Hasnipaetes woro#, etpyHst KOTOpol yKo- payaBaiores Kan yszoN. Boe yasn Tar raaBHOro MexaHuisMa pacHouaralorea B OMpexemeHtiOM nopsaKe. Ecau cuntarp oF nepoit wexn, 10 ORN pachosaraioted B Taxol mOcmexOBaTeAbHOCTH: 60pe, do, mu, ct, a, core H an, Vsrorosamor tarm us cranbHof mposoaoKu

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