Report No Report No Report No Report No. 925 925

Report No
No. 925
Waters Proficiency Testing
Round No.
o. 182
- Total Solids, Total Suspended Solids,

Total Dissolved Solids -
August 2015
Acknowledgments
PTA wishes to gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance provided for this program by
Dr M Buckley
Buckley-Smith
Smith and Mrs R Ryan,
Ryan, Global Proficiency Ltd (New Zealand). Also our thanks
go to Global Proficiency Ltd (New Zealand) and to Global Proficiency Pty Ltd (Australia) for
the supply and distribution of the samples.
© Copyright Proficiency Testing Australia,

Australia 2015
PO Box
Box 7507 SILVERWATER NSW 2128,
2128, Australia
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CONTENTS
1. Foreword ............................................................................................................................ 1
2. Program Features and Design ........................................................................................... 1
3. Statistical Format ............................................................................................................... 2
4. PTA and Technical Advisers' Comments........................................................................... 4
5. Outlier Results ................................................................................................................. 25
6. References ...................................................................................................................... 25
APPENDIX A – Results and Data Analysis
Total Solids............................................................................................................................ A1
Total Suspended Solids ........................................................................................................ A7
Total Dissolved Solids ......................................................................................................... A13
APPENDIX B – Sample Homogeneity and Stability
Homogeneity and Stability Testing ........................................................................................ B1
APPENDIX C – Documentation
Instructions to Participants .................................................................................................... C1

Method Codes ....................................................................................................................... C3
Results Sheet ........................................................................................................................ C4
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1. Foreword
This report summarises the results of a proficiency testing program on the

determination of Total Solids, Total Suspended Solids and Total Dissolved Solids in
waters. This is round 182 in a planned series of programs involving the analysis of
chemical and physical parameters of waters.
The exercise was conducted in June 2015 by Proficiency Testing Australia (PTA).
The main aim of the program was to assess laboratories’ abilities to competently
perform the prescribed analyses.
The Program Coordinator was Mrs D Mihaila and the Technical Advisers were
Dr M Buckley-Smith and Mrs R Ryan, Global Proficiency Ltd (New Zealand). This
report was authorised by Mrs F Watton, PTA Quality – Business Development
Manager.
2. Program Features and Design
2.1 Each laboratory was randomly allocated a unique code number for the program to
ensure confidentiality of results. Reference to each laboratory in this report is by code
number only. Please note that a number of laboratories reported more than one set of
results and, therefore, their code numbers (with letter) could appear several times in
the same data set.
2.2 Laboratories were provided with the "Instructions to Participants" and "Results Sheet"
(see Appendix C). Laboratories were requested to perform the tests according to their
routine methods.
2.3 Participants were provided with two plastic bottles (labelled PTA 1 and PTA 2)
containing water samples for the analysis of Total Solids, Total Suspended Solids and
Total Dissolved Solids.
2.4 A total of 46 laboratories received samples, comprising:
- 35 Australian participants; and

- 11 overseas participants, including:
- Brunei Darussalam (2), Indonesia (2), Malaysia (1), New Zealand (1), Papua
New Guinea (1), Peru (1), Russia (1), Tanzania (1), Thailand (1).
Of these 46 laboratories, one was unable to submit results by the due date.
2.5 Results (as reported by participants) with corresponding summary statistics (i.e.
number of results, median, normalised interquartile range, uncertainty of the median,
robust coefficient of variation, minimum, maximum and range) are presented in
Appendix A (for each sample and for each of the analyses performed).
2.6 A robust statistical approach, using z-scores, was utilised to assess laboratories’
testing performance (see Section 3). Robust z-scores and ordered z-score charts
relevant to each test are presented in Appendix A.
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The document entitled Guide to Proficiency Testing Australia, 2014 (reference [1])
defines the statistical terms and details the statistical procedures referred to in this
report.
2.7 A tabulated listing of laboratories (by code number) identified as having outlier results
can be found on page 25.
2.8 Prior to sample distribution, a number of randomly selected samples were analysed
for homogeneity and stability. Based on the results of this testing (see Appendix B) it
was considered that the samples utilised for this program were homogeneous and
stable. As such, any results later identified as outliers could not be attributed to any
notable sample variability.
3. Statistical Format
For each test, where appropriate, the following information is given:
- a table of results and calculated z-scores;

- a list of summary statistics; and
- ordered z-score charts.
3.1 Outlier Results and Z-scores
In order to assess laboratories’ testing performance, a robust statistical approach,

using z-scores, was utilised. Z-scores give a measure of how far a result is from the
consensus value (i.e. the median), and gives a "score" to each result relative to the
other results in the group.
A z-score with an absolute value less than or equal to 2.0 is considered to be

satisfactory, whereas, a z-score with an absolute value greater than or equal to 3.0 is
considered to be an outlier and is marked by the symbol “§”. Laboratories are also
encouraged to review results which have an absolute z-score value between 2.0 and
3.0 (i.e. 2.0 < |z-score| < 3.0). These results are considered to be questionable
results.
Each determination was examined for outliers with all methods pooled. The table on
page 25 summarises the outlier results detected.
3.2 Results Tables and Summary Statistics
The tables in Appendix A contain the results returned by each laboratory, including
the code number for the method used and the robust z-score calculated for each
result.
Results have been entered exactly as reported by participants. That is, laboratories
which did not report results to the precision (i.e. number of significant figures)
requested on the Results Sheet have not been rounded to the requested precision
before being included in the statistical analysis.
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A list of summary statistics appears at the bottom of each of the results tables and
consists of:
- No. of Results: the total number of results for that test/sample;

- Median: the middle value of the results;
- Normalised IQR: the normalised interquartile range of the results;
- Uncertainty of the Median: a robust estimate of the standard deviation of the
Median;
- Robust CV: the robust coefficient of variation expressed as a percentage, i.e. 100 x
Normalised IQR / Median;
- Minimum: the lowest laboratory result;
- Maximum: the highest laboratory result; and
- Range: the difference between the Maximum and Minimum.
The median is a measure of the centre of the data.
The normalised IQR is a measure of the spread of the results. It is calculated by

multiplying the interquartile range (IQR) by a correction factor, which converts the
IQR to an estimate of the standard deviation. The IQR is the difference between the
upper and lower quartiles (i.e. the values above and below which a quarter of the
results lie, respectively).
For normally distributed data, the uncertainty of the median is approximated by:

2 √
= number of results.
Please see reference [1] for further details on these robust summary statistics.
3.3 Ordered Z-score Charts
The charts in Appendix A indicate each laboratory's robust z-score, in order of

magnitude, marked with its laboratory code number. From these charts, each
laboratory can readily compare its performance relative to the other laboratories.
These charts contain solid lines at +3.0 and -3.0, so that outliers are clearly
identifiable as those laboratories whose "bar" extends beyond these "cut-off" lines.
The y-axis of these charts has been limited, so very large z-scores appear to extend
beyond the chart boundary.
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4. PTA and Technical Advisers’ Comments
4.1 Metrological Traceability and Measurement Uncertainty of Assigned Values
Consensus values (median) derived from participants’ results are used in this
program. These values are not metrologically traceable to an external reference.
Sample preparation was undertaken according to Global Proficiency Ltd’s Standard

Operating Procedures to ensure samples were fit-for-purpose, homogeneous and
stable.
Solutions were stable and homogeneous, and medians obtained from this proficiency
round were in consistent agreement with the expected levels (dope concentration), as
shown in Table 1.
As the assigned value for each analyte in this program is the median of the results
submitted by the participants, the uncertainty of the median for each analyte has
been calculated and is presented in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Comparison of expected levels (dope concentration) and proficiency medians. The
values of the calculated uncertainty of the median are also presented.
Dope Uncertainty
Median
Analyte Sample Concentration of the Median
(mg/L)
(mg/L) (mg/L)
PTA 1 550 541.0 3.1

Total Solids
(TS)
PTA 2 350 358.0 3.2
Total PTA 1 50 45.50 0.83

Suspended
Solids (TSS) PTA 2 100 97.60 1.11
Total PTA 1 500 498.0 4.6

Dissolved
Solids (TDS) PTA 2 250 260.0 4.1
Overall, the performance of participants in this round was good, with robust CVs
below 10% for all analytes.
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4.2 Analysis of Round 182 Results
4.2.1 Total Solids (TS)
Table 2 compares the Total Solids medians and robust CVs from this round to those
obtained in previous PTA rounds. The CVs for Total Solids were similar or better
than seen in previous rounds.
Table 2. Comparison of current round variability and proficiency medians of Total Solids
testing with the results of the previous two rounds.
Median
Round Sample Robust CV (%) Participants
(mg/L)
PTA 1 541.0 2.6 33
This study
PTA 2 358.0 4.1 33
PTA 1 275.0 6.2 41
Report 892
PTA 2 435.0 4.0 42
PTA 1 371.0 6.2 49
Report 830
PTA 2 266.0 8.1 49
Bias / Accuracy
The Total Solids testing was successfully performed, with satisfactory results (|z-
score| ≤ 2.0) ranging between 513 – 569 mg/L for sample PTA 1 and 329 – 387 mg/L
for sample PTA 2.
Out of 33 participants, three questionable results (2.0 < |z-score| < 3.0) were reported
for sample PTA 1 (laboratories 286, 551 and 633) and two questionable results were
reported for sample PTA 2 (laboratories 551 and 634).
Four outlier results (|z-score| ≥ 3.0) were obtained for sample PTA 1, requiring follow-
up action by laboratories 272, 464, 499 and 568. Five outlier results were obtained for
sample PTA 2, requiring follow-up action by laboratories 272, 303, 464, 499 and 568.
The most likely source of error, causing low bias when testing these proficiency
samples, is incomplete transfer of the entire contents of the bottle into the volumetric
flask, with rinsing as per the instructions to participants. It is important to rinse the
sides of the bottle, the cap, the funnel and the stem of the funnel. Once the entire
sample has been transferred, the vessel should be brought to volume and mixed
thoroughly. Vigorous shaking for at least thirty seconds will mix the sample, but a
magnetic stir bar for 5-10 min will ensure a more homogeneous sample.
The Total Solids data set formed an approximately normal distribution with no
substantial bias attributable to any one method (Figures 1 and 2). The method most
frequently used for Total Solids analysis was APHA 2540 B (Total Solids Dried at
103-105ºC - method code 1), which was used by approximately 64% of participants.
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Total Solids - Sample PTA 1
24
APHA 2540 B
US EPA 0160.3
20 Calculation
Other
Not specified
16
Frequency
12
0
350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675
Results (mg/L)
Figure 1. Spread of results for Total Solids testing of sample PTA 1, with a median of 541.0
mg/L.
24
APHA 2540 B
US EPA 0160.3
20 Calculation
Other
Not specified
16
Frequency
12
0
160 190 220 250 280 310 340 370 400 430 460 490 520 550
Results (mg/L)
Figure 2. Spread of results for Total Solids testing of sample PTA 2, with a median of 358.0
mg/L.
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Measurement Uncertainty (MU)
The MU reported by participants can be seen in Figures 3 and 4. Out of 33

participants, 23 (70%) submitted MU information. A small number of the stated MUs
did not accurately reflect the difference between the median and the participant’s
result for these proficiency samples.
Total Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 1
4
APHA 2540 B
Calculation
Other
Not Specified
3
Frequency
0
0 7.5 15 22.5 30 37.5 45 52.5 60 67.5 75 82.5 90 97.5
Measurement Uncertainty (mg/L)
Figure 3. MU for Total Solids testing of sample PTA 1, as reported by participants, compared
with 95% confidence interval for overall reproducibility, ± 29.5 mg/L in this round, shown as a
dashed line.
The range of MU for Total Solids was expected to be between 6.1 – 42.3 mg/L (1.1%
- 7.8%) for sample PTA 1 and between 6.5 – 44.5 mg/L (1.8% - 12.4%) for sample
PTA 2, based on minimum / maximum uncertainty criteria (umin and umax) described in
ISO 13528:2015 [2]. Laboratories 323a, 382 and 551 may wish to re-examine their
measurement uncertainty for Total Solids testing, as their MU was smaller than the
uncertainty of the assigned value (95% CI) for one or more of the samples tested. It is
possible that these laboratories have underestimated their MU, particularly in light of
the variability expected in natural water samples.
It should be noted, however, that the umin and umax are informative indicators only and
can not be solely used to validate or invalidate the MUs reported.
Of slightly less concern were the laboratories who reported MU that were larger than
three times the normalised interquartile range, 3NIQR (Umax), however this can be
explained by the unusually tight homogeneity of these artificial solids samples
compared to a natural sample which would be expected to have more variability.
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Total Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 2
6
APHA 2540 B
Calculation
5 Other
Not specified
4
Frequency
0
0 7.5 15 22.5 30 37.5 45 52.5 60 67.5 75 82.5 90 97.5
Figure 4. MU for Total Solids testing of sample PTA 2, as reported by participants, compared
with 95% confidence interval for overall reproducibility, ± 25.8 mg/L in this round, shown as a
dashed line.
A t-test of all the results (outliers removed), indicated that the overall reproducibility
for Total Solids testing was 541.0 ± 29.5 mg/L (5.5%) for sample PTA 1 and 358.0 ±
25.8 mg/L (7.2%) for sample PTA 2 (95% CI). Over the last six PTA rounds (Reports
925, 892, 830, 767, 741, 698), where samples presented ranged between 262 mg/L –
600 mg/L Total Solids, the average reproducibility was 15%. This is a good
approximate MU and laboratories starting out calculating their MU can compare their
values against this PTA estimation.
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Results of sample PTA 1, including MU, compared to the median

700
650

600
550
Results (m g/L)
500
9
450
400
350
300
323 a
329 b
126
144
214
271
272
286
382
398
410
430
499
519
542
545
551
563
568
588
633
634
660
Laboratory Code
Result ± MU Median Uncertainty of the Median
Figure 5. Total Solids - Results of sample PTA 1, including MU, compared to the median.
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550
500

450
Results (m g/L)
400
10
350
300
250
200
323 a
329 b
126
144
214
271
272
286
382
398
410
430
499
519
542
545
551
563
568
588
633
634
660
Laboratory Code
Figure 6. Total Solids - Results of sample PTA 2, including MU, compared to the median.
11
4.2.2 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Table 3 compares the Total Suspended Solids medians and robust CVs from this
round to those obtained in previous PTA rounds. The variability of results in this round
was similar to those seen in previous rounds.
Table 3. Comparison of current round variability and proficiency median of Total Suspended
Solids testing with the results of the previous two rounds.
Median
(mg/L)
PTA 1 45.50 9.8 45
This study
PTA 2 97.60 6.1 45
PTA 1 66.00 6.1 54
Report 892
PTA 2 82.00 6.3 55
PTA 1 70.00 9.3 68
Report 830
PTA 2 48.00 9.3 68
Bias / Accuracy
The Total Suspended Solids testing was successfully performed, with satisfactory
results (|z-score| ≤ 2.0) ranging between 36.7 – 54.3 mg/L for sample PTA 1 and 85.8
– 109.4 mg/L for sample PTA 2.
Out of 45 participants, two questionable results (2.0 < |z-score| < 3.0) were reported
for sample PTA 1 (laboratories 688 and 699) and two questionable results were
reported for sample PTA 2 (laboratories 329b and 590).
Six outlier results (|z-score| ≥ 3.0) were obtained for sample PTA 1, requiring follow-
up action by laboratories 329b, 410, 475, 545, 551 and 572. Two outlier results were
obtained for sample PTA 2, requiring follow-up action by laboratories 475 and 634.
For those laboratories having difficulties with their Total Suspended Solids testing,
APHA [3] recommends method blanks using the dilution water and duplicate analyses
to be carried out. Duplicate determinations should agree within 5% of their average
weight. If the technique used by laboratories involves pipetting a measured volume
onto the seated glass-fibre filter, APHA [3] recommends pipetting from the
approximate midpoint of the container but not in the vortex created by the magnetic
stirrer, to get a more homogeneous sample. Subsampling is a major source of error in
this testing.
Laboratories whose results biased low on the suspended solids test and high on the
dissolved solids test may have used a filter with pores that were larger than those
used by other laboratories, allowing a greater proportion of the finer solids particles to
pass through the filter. Filter pore sizes used by laboratories ranged between 0.45 –
2.0 µm and the median was 1.2 µm. Nearly half of laboratories who stated their filter
brand were using Whatman. Others included Advantec, Merck Millipore,
MicroScience, Pall and Sartorius filters.
The Total Suspended Solids data set formed an approximately normal distribution
with no substantial bias attributable to any one method (Figures 7 and 8). The method
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most frequently used for Total Suspended Solids analysis was APHA 2540 D (Total
Suspended Solids Dried at 103-105ºC - method code 5), which was used by
approximately 80% of participants.
Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 1
24
APHA 2540 D
US EPA 0160.2
20 Other
Not specified
16
Frequency
12
0
3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 68
Results (mg/L)
Figure 7. Spread of results for Total Suspended Solids testing of sample PTA 1, with a median
of 45.50 mg/L.
24
APHA 2540 D
US EPA 0160.2
20 Other
Not specified
16
Frequency
12
0
40 47.5 55 62.5 70 77.5 85 92.5 100 107.5 115 122.5 130 137.5
Results (mg/L)
Figure 8. Spread of results for Total Suspended Solids testing of sample PTA 2, with a median
of 97.60 mg/L.
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participants, 34 (76%) submitted MU information. Half of participants’ stated MUs did
not accurately reflect the difference between the median and the participant’s result
for these proficiency samples.
Total Suspended Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 1
7
APHA 2540 D
Other
6
Not specified
5
Frequency
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Figure 9. MU for Total Suspended Solids testing of sample PTA 1, as reported by participants,
compared with 95% confidence interval for overall reproducibility, ± 8.43 mg/L in this round,
shown as a dashed line.
The range of MU for Total Suspended Solids was expected to be between 1.7 – 13.3
mg/L (3.6% - 29.3%) for sample PTA 1 and between 2.2 – 17.8 mg/L (2.3% - 18.2%)
for sample PTA 2, based on minimum / maximum uncertainty criteria (umin and umax)
described in ISO 13528:2015 [2]. Laboratories 274, 382, 412, 498, 499, 519, 551 and
674 may wish to re-examine their measurement uncertainty for Total Suspended
Solids testing, as their MU was smaller than the uncertainty of the assigned value
(95% CI) for one or more of the samples tested. It is possible that these laboratories
have underestimated their MU. An MU of less than 3.6% for sample PTA 1 and less
than 2.3% for sample PTA 2 is unlikely to be appropriate for natural waters samples
and may have been calculated from repeatability standard deviations (SDr) rather
than reproducibility (SDR). The SDR accounts for much more of the variability inherent
in this test.
Laboratory 310 reported an MU of ±70 mg/L, which was much greater than three
times the normalised interquartile range, 3NIQR (the recommended Umax) and
requires investigation by this laboratory, although it may have simply been a
transcription error.
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Total Suspended Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 2
9
APHA 2540 D
8 Other
Not specified
7
6
Frequency
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 < 26
Figure 10. MU for Total Suspended Solids testing of sample PTA 2, as reported by
participants, compared with 95% confidence interval for overall reproducibility, ± 11.83 mg/L in
this round, shown as a dashed line.
for Total Suspended Solids testing was 45.50 ± 8.43 mg/L (18.5%) for sample PTA 1
and 97.60 ± 11.83 mg/L (12.1%) for sample PTA 2 (95% CI). Over the last six PTA
rounds (Reports 925, 892, 830, 767, 698, 621), where samples presented ranged
between 42 mg/L – 251 mg/L Total Suspended Solids, the average reproducibility
was 22%. This is a good approximate MU and laboratories starting out calculating
their MU can compare their values against this PTA estimation.
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80

70
60
Results (m g/L)
50
15
40
30
20
10
323 a
329 b
126
128
144
214
235
271
272
274
286
303
310
319
375
382
398
410
412
430
475
498
499
519
542
545
551
563
568
588
633
634
660
674
Laboratory Code
Figure 11. Total Suspended Solids - Results of sample PTA 1, including MU, compared to the median.
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180

170
160
150
140
130
Results (m g/L)
120
110
100
16
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
323 a
329 b
126
128
144
214
235
271
272
274
286
303
310
319
375
382
398
410
412
430
475
498
499
519
542
545
551
563
568
588
633
634
660
674
Laboratory Code
Figure 12. Total Suspended Solids - Results of sample PTA 2, including MU, compared to the median.
17
4.2.3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Table 4 compares the Total Dissolved Solids medians and robust CVs from this round
to those obtained in previous PTA rounds. The variability of results this round was
comparable to those seen in previous rounds.
Table 4. Comparison of current round variability and proficiency median of Total Dissolved
Solids testing with the results of the previous two rounds.
Median
(mg/L)
PTA 1 498.0 4.5 37
This study
PTA 2 260.0 7.7 37
PTA 1 208.0 6.3 48
Report 892
PTA 2 356.0 6.3 48
PTA 1 304.0 7.2 55
Report 830
PTA 2 220.0 8.4 55
Bias / Accuracy
The Total Dissolved Solids testing was successfully performed, with satisfactory
results (|z-score| ≤ 2.0) ranging between 454 – 542 mg/L for sample PTA 1 and 220 –
300 mg/L for sample PTA 2.
Out of 37 participants, five questionable results (2.0 < |z-score| < 3.0) were reported
for sample PTA 1 (laboratories 128, 464, 551, 568 and 572) and one questionable
result was reported for sample PTA 2 (laboratory 412).
Two outlier results (|z-score| ≥ 3.0) were obtained for sample PTA 1, requiring follow-
up action by laboratories 272 and 499. Four outlier results (|z-score| ≥ 3.0) were
obtained for sample PTA 2, requiring follow-up action by laboratories 272, 464, 499
and 568.
For laboratories having difficulties with their Total Dissolved Solids testing, it is
important to recognise that the drying time required in the method is sensitive to the
composition of the sample. Samples with a high mineral concentration can absorb
moisture and will require an extended drying time, and must be weighed quickly to
ensure that moisture from the air does not affect the result (i.e. storing in a desiccator
until the sample reaches room temperature prior to weighing). Adding successive
aliquots of the sample until a final yield of between 2.5 – 200mg of dried residue is
achieved and repeating the cycle of drying, cooling, desiccating and weighing until a
constant weight is obtained or until the weight change is less than 4% of the previous
weight; will help to improve the accuracy and precision of test results.
The Total Dissolved Solids data set formed an approximately normal distribution with
no substantial bias attributable to any one method (Figures 13 and 14). The method
most frequently used for Total Dissolved Solids analysis was APHA 2540 C (Total
Dissolved Solids Dried at 180ºC - method code 8), which was used by approximately
73% of participants.
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Total Dissolved Solids - Sample PTA 1
16
APHA 2540 C
US EPA 0160.1
14
Calculation
Conductivity
12
Other
Not specified
10
Frequency
0
305 330 355 380 405 430 455 480 505 530 555 580 605 630
Results (mg/L)
Figure 13. Spread of results for Total Dissolved Solids testing of sample PTA 1, with a median
of 498.0 mg/L.
20
APHA 2540 C
US EPA 0160.1
Calculation
16
Conductivity
Other
Not specified
12
Frequency
0
75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400
Results (mg/L)
Figure 14. Spread of results for Total Dissolved Solids testing of sample PTA 2, with a median
of 260.0 mg/L.
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participants, 27 (73%) submitted MU information. Many of the stated MUs (48%) did
not accurately reflect the difference between the median and the participant’s result
for these proficiency samples.
Total Dissolved Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 1
5
APHA 2540 C
Calculation
Conductivity
4 Other
Not specified
3
Frequency
0
0 7.5 15 22.5 30 37.5 45 52.5 60 67.5 75 82.5 90 97.5
Figure 15. MU for Total Dissolved Solids testing of sample PTA 1, as reported by participants,
The range of MU for Total Dissolved Solids was expected to be between 9.1 – 66.7
mg/L (1.8% - 13.4%) for sample PTA 1 and between 8.2 – 60.0 mg/L (3.2% - 23.1%)
for sample PTA 2, based on minimum / maximum uncertainty criteria (umin and umax)
described in ISO 13528:2015 [2]. Laboratories 272, 310, 323a, 382, 412, 519, 545
and 551 may wish to re-examine their measurement uncertainty for Total Dissolved
Solids testing, as their MU was smaller than the uncertainty of the assigned value
(95% CI) for one or more of the samples tested. It is possible that these laboratories
have underestimated their MU, particularly in light of the variability expected in natural
water samples.
Of slightly less concern were the laboratories who reported MU larger than three
times the normalised interquartile range, 3NIQR (Umax), (Laboratories 286, 398, 633,
660), however this can be explained by the unusually tight homogeneity of these
artificial solids samples compared to a natural sample, which would be expected to
have more variability. Only laboratory 660 reported an unusually high fixed MU (90.0
mg/L) and may wish to re-examine their measurement uncertainty calculations
(Figure 16). Most laboratories used MU values proportional to their results.
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Total Dissolved Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 2
10
APHA 2540 C
9 Calculation
Conductivity
8
Other
7 Not specified
6
Frequency
0
0 7.5 15 22.5 30 37.5 45 52.5 60 67.5 75 82.5 90 97.5
Figure 16. MU for Total Dissolved Solids testing of sample PTA 2, as reported by participants,
for Total Dissolved Solids testing was 498.0 ± 53.8 mg/L (10.8%) for sample PTA 1
and 260.0 ± 34.3 mg/L (13.2%) for sample PTA 2 (95% CI). Over the last six PTA
rounds (Reports 925, 892, 830, 767, 741, 698), where samples presented ranged
between 199 mg/L – 498 mg/L Total Dissolved Solids, the average reproducibility was
19%. This is a good approximate MU and laboratories starting out calculating their
MU can compare their values against this PTA estimation.
SD 9.17.09
SD 9.17.09

650

600
550
Results (m g/L)
500
21
450
400
350
300
323 a
329 b
126
128
144
214
271
272
274
286
310
375
382
398
410
412
430
499
519
542
545
551
563
568
588
633
660
Laboratory Code
Figure 17. Total Dissolved Solids - Results of sample PTA 1, including MU, compared to the median.
SD 9.17.09

400

350
300
Results (m g/L)
250
22
200
150
100
323 a
329 b
126
128
144
214
271
272
274
286
310
375
382
398
410
412
430
499
519
542
545
551
563
568
588
633
660
Laboratory Code
Figure 18. Total Dissolved Solids - Results of sample PTA 2, including MU, compared to the median.
23
4.3 Analysis of Results by Method Groups
Further analysis of results by method groups was undertaken to provide specific

information on individual method performance.
In order for methods to be grouped for analysis, PTA requires at least 11 sets of
results from the same method group. For methods other than those presented below,
there were less than 11 results submitted for each method, therefore reliable
conclusions cannot be drawn from analysing them separately on this occasion.
4.3.1. Total Solids
The method APHA 2540 B (Total Solids Dried at 103-105ºC - method code 1) was
most frequently employed for Total Solids analysis, with 21 out of 33 participants
indicating the use of this method.
Table 5 below presents the median, uncertainty of the medians and robust CVs for
Total Solids results obtained by this method in round 182.
Table 5. Variability and proficiency medians of Total Solids results obtained by method
APHA 2540 B.
Median ±
Robust
Analyte Sample Participants Uncertainty of the Median
CV (%)
(mg/L)
PTA 1 21 541.0 ± 3.4 2.3
Total Solids
PTA 2 21 356.0 ± 2.4 2.5
The robust CVs obtained using this method were smaller, for both PTA 1 and PTA 2
samples, than those the general population of methods was able to achieve (CVPTA1 =
2.6%, CVPTA2 = 4.1%).
4.3.2. Total Suspended Solids
The method APHA 2540 D (Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103-105ºC - method
code 5) was most frequently employed for Total Suspended Solids analysis, with 36.
out of 45 participants indicating the use of this method.
Table 6 below presents the median, uncertainty of the median and robust CV for
Total Suspended Solids results obtained by this method in round 182.
Table 6. Variability and proficiency medians of Total Suspended Solids results obtained by
method APHA 2540 D.
Median ±
Robust
CV (%)
(mg/L)
Total PTA 1 36 46.25 ± 1.00 10.3
Suspended
Solids PTA 2 36 97.80 ± 1.29 6.3
The robust CVs obtained using this method were slightly larger, for both PTA 1 and
PTA 2 samples, than those the general population of methods was able to achieve
SD 9.17.09
24
(CVPTA1 = 9.8%, CVPTA2 = 6.1%), however, these CVs were better than those
published in APHA (242 mg/L, CV=10%; and 15 mg/L, CV=33%).
4.3.3. Total Dissolved Solids
The method APHA 2540 C (Total Dissolved Solids Dried at 180ºC - method code 8)
was most frequently employed for Total Dissolved Solids analysis, with 27 out of 37
participants indicating the use of this method.
Table 7 below presents the median, uncertainty of the median and robust CV for
Total Suspended Solids results obtained by this method in round 182. The robust
CVs obtained using this method were equal to or better than those the general
population of methods was able to achieve (CVPTA1 = 4.5%, CVPTA2 = 7.7%).
Table 7. Variability and proficiency medians of Total Dissolved Solids results obtained by
method APHA 2540 C.
Median ±
Robust
CV (%)
(mg/L)
Total PTA 1 27 489.0 ± 5.3 4.5
Suspended
Solids PTA 2 27 260.0 ± 4.0 6.4
SD 9.17.09
25
5. Outlier Results
Laboratories reporting results that have been identified as outliers are listed in
Table 8 below.
Table 8. Laboratory results identified as outliers for each analysis performed.

Analysis
Lab Total Solids
Total Suspended Total Dissolved
Code Solids Solids
PTA 1 PTA 2 PTA 1 PTA 2 PTA 1 PTA 2
272 § § § §
303 §
329b §
410 §
464 § § §
475 § §
499 § § § §
545 §
551 §
568 § § §
572 §
634 §
Note:
1. A “§” indicates the occurrence of a z-score outlier result (i.e. those results for which
|z-score| ≥ 3.0).
6. References
[1] Guide to Proficiency Testing Australia, 2014 (This document can be found on
the PTA website, www.pta.asn.au).
[2] ISO 13528:2015 Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by

interlaboratory comparisons.
[3] Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 2012.
Published by APHA, AWWA, WEF (22nd Edition).
SD 9.17.09
APPENDIX A
Results and Data Analysis
Total Solids............................................................................................................................ A1
Total Suspended Solids ........................................................................................................ A7
Total Dissolved Solids ......................................................................................................... A13
SD 9.17.09
Total Solids Results
Samples PTA 1 and PTA 2
SD 9.17.09
A1
Total Solids
Results by Laboratory Code
Sample PTA 1
Lab
Code Result ± MU1 Robust Method
(mg/L) z-score2 Code3
117 550 # 0.64 1

126 538 ± 47 -0.21 1
144 550 ± 23 0.64 1
196 562 # 1.49 2
214 524 ± 18.3 -1.21 1
271 519 ± 25 -1.56 4
272 375 ± 19 -11.79 § 3
274 529 # -0.85 3
286 512 ± 76.8 -2.06 1
303 543.0 # 0.14 4
323a 546 ± 6.17 0.35 #
329b 530 ± 64 -0.78 1
362 531 # -0.71 3
382 532 ± 1 -0.64 1
398 522 ± 78.3 -1.35 1
410 541 ± 50 0.00 1
430 538 ± 32 -0.21 4
464 481 # -4.26 § 1
475 547 # 0.43 1
499 643 ± 45 7.24 § 3
519 540 ± 7.629 -0.07 1
542 567 ± 54 1.85 1
545 541 ± 6 0.00 1
551 572 ± 2% 2.20 3
563 547 ± 20 0.43 1
568 594 ± 71 3.76 § 3
588 546 ± 55 0.35 1
1 Where reported, results are shown with their corresponding

measurement uncertainty (MU).
2 "§" denotes an outlier (i.e. those results for which |z-score| ≥ 3.0).
Robust z-scores are calculated as:
z = (A - median) ÷ normalised IQR, where A is the participant
laboratory's result.
3 Please refer to Appendix C (page C3) for method code descriptions.
SD 9.17.09
A2
Total Solids - cont.

Sample PTA 1
Lab
590 549 # 0.57 1

633 512 ± 76.8 -2.06 1
634 544 ± 40 0.21 1
660 550 ± 70.0 0.64 1
688 540 # -0.07 1
699 535 # -0.43 4
No of Results: 33
Median: 541.0
Normalised
14.1
IQR:
Uncertainty of
3.1
the Median:
Robust CV: 2.6%
Minimum: 375
Maximum: 643
Range: 268

SD 9.17.09
Total Solids - Sample PTA 1 - Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
519
688
126
430

-1
699
382
362
329b
274
Ordered Robust Z-Score Charts

214
398
-2
271
286
633
-3
-4
464
-5
272
lab code
A3
Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
lab code
SD 9.17.09
A4
Total Solids
Sample PTA 2
Lab
117 370 # 0.81 1

126 356 ± 31 -0.13 1
144 368 ± 15 0.67 1
196 381 # 1.55 2
214 357 ± 12.3 -0.07 1
271 343 ± 25 -1.01 4
272 251 ± 13 -7.22 § 3
274 361 # 0.20 3
286 347 ± 52.1 -0.74 1
303 451.0 # 6.27 § 4
323a 361 ± 4.08 0.20 #
329b 349 ± 42 -0.61 1
362 365 # 0.47 3
382 353 ± 1 -0.34 1
398 340 ± 51.0 -1.21 1
410 346 ± 30 -0.81 1
430 354 ± 21 -0.27 4
464 176 # -12.28 § 1
475 356 # -0.13 1
499 503 ± 35 9.78 § 3
519 363 ± 7.897 0.34 1
542 360 ± 34 0.13 1
545 357 ± 6 -0.07 1
551 390 ± 2% 2.16 3
563 361 ± 20 0.20 1
568 426 ± 51 4.59 § 3
588 358 ± 36 0.00 1

SD 9.17.09
A5
Total Solids - cont.

Sample PTA 2
Lab
590 369 # 0.74 1

633 349 ± 52.4 -0.61 1
634 328 ± 40 -2.02 1
660 354 ± 70.0 -0.27 1
688 371 # 0.88 1
699 370 # 0.81 4
No of Results: 33
Median: 358.0
Normalised
14.8
IQR:
Uncertainty of
3.2
the Median:
Robust CV: 4.1%
Minimum: 176
Maximum: 503
Range: 327

SD 9.17.09
Total Solids - Sample PTA 2 - Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
214
545
126
475
430
660
382

-1
329b
633
286
410
271

398
-2
634
-3
-4
-5
464
272
lab code
A6
Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
lab code
SD 9.17.09
Total Suspended Solids Results
SD 9.17.09
A7
Total Suspended Solids

Sample PTA 1
Lab
117 50 # 1.01 5
126 42.8 ± 6 -0.61 5
128 47 ± 4.70 0.34 5
144 44.3 ± 1.9 -0.27 5
196 43 # -0.56 6
214 43.5 ± 2.4 -0.45 5
235 48.3 ± 4 0.63 5
243 48 # 0.56 #
271 41.6 ± 4.4 -0.88 7
272 51.1 ± 3 1.26 5
274 46.5 ± 1.54 0.22 5
286 50.0 ± 7.50 1.01 5
303 42.3 ± 12.00 -0.72 5
310 49.5 ± 3.91 0.90 5
319 49.0 ± 8.2 0.79 7
323a 43.5 ± 2.34 -0.45 #
329b 25 ± 3 -4.61 § 5
362 52.0 # 1.46 5
375 43.5 ± 2.2 -0.45 5
382 47.8 ± 1 0.52 5
398 43.3 ± 6.50 -0.49 5
410 60 ± 10 3.26 § 5
412 37 ± 5.0% -1.91 5
430 45 ± 8 -0.11 7
464 47 # 0.34 5
474 44.7 # -0.18 7
475 26.5 ± 8.0 -4.27 § 5

SD 9.17.09
A8
Total Suspended Solids - cont.

Sample PTA 1
Lab
498 44 ± 4 -0.34 #
499 38.5 ± 1.2 -1.57 5
517 50.3 # 1.08 5
519 49.7 ± 3.42 0.94 5
542 51.2 ± 4.9 1.28 5
545 29.5 ± 2.4 -3.60 § 5
551 11.0 ± 2% -7.76 § 5
563 49 ± 5 0.79 5
568 44.0 ± 7 -0.34 5
572 31.8 # -3.08 § 5
588 45 ± 8 -0.11 5
590 46.0 # 0.11 5
633 47.0 ± 7.05 0.34 5
634 48.0 ± 10 0.56 5
660 45.5 ± 2.00 0.00 5
674 47.0 ± 1.5 0.34 5
688 34.0 # -2.59 5
699 55 # 2.14 7
No of Results: 45
Median: 45.50
Normalised
4.45
IQR:
Uncertainty of
0.83
the Median:
Robust CV: 9.8%
Minimum: 11.0
Maximum: 60
Range: 49.0

SD 9.17.09
Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 1 - Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2

1
z-score
430
588
474
144
498
568
-1
214
323a
375
398
196
126
303
271

-2
499
412
-3
688
-4 572
545
475
-5
329b
551
lab code
A9
Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
lab code
SD 9.17.09
A10

Sample PTA 2
Lab
117 105 # 1.25 5

126 95.5 ± 9 -0.35 5
128 100 ± 10.0 0.40 5
144 97.6 ± 4.1 0.00 5
196 93 # -0.78 6
214 94.0 ± 5.2 -0.61 5
235 96.5 ± 7 -0.19 5
243 98 # 0.07 #
271 95.5 ± 4.4 -0.35 7
272 105 ± 5 1.25 5
274 101 ± 3.32 0.57 5
286 103 ± 15.5 0.91 5
303 91.3 ± 12 -1.06 5
310 105 ± 70 1.25 5
319 104 ± 17.3 1.08 7
323a 92.4 ± 4.60 -0.88 #
329b 80 ± 9 -2.97 5
362 98.0 # 0.07 5
375 102 ± 5.1 0.74 5
382 99.5 ± 1 0.32 5
398 92.7 ± 13.9 -0.83 5
410 104 ± 10 1.08 5
412 95 ± 5.0% -0.44 5
430 95 ± 17 -0.44 7
464 98 # 0.07 5
474 100 # 0.40 7
475 42.0 ± 8.0 -9.38 § 5

SD 9.17.09
A11
Total Suspended Solids - cont.

Sample PTA 2
Lab
498 99 ± 1 0.24 #
499 91 ± 3 -1.11 5
517 94.9 # -0.46 5
519 102 ± 1.20 0.74 5
542 107 ± 10 1.59 5
545 86.5 ± 2.4 -1.87 5
551 93.0 ± 2% -0.78 5
563 101 ± 5 0.57 5
568 98.0 ± 15 0.07 5
572 94.2 # -0.57 5
588 96 ± 17 -0.27 5
590 110 # 2.09 5
633 91.0 ± 13.6 -1.11 5
634 73.2 ± 10 -4.11 § 5
660 100 ± 10.0 0.40 5
674 101 ± 3 0.57 5
688 87.0 # -1.79 5
699 95 # -0.44 7
No of Results: 45
Median: 97.60
Normalised
5.93
IQR:
Uncertainty of
1.11
the Median:
Robust CV: 6.1%
Minimum: 42.0
Maximum: 110
Range: 68.0

SD 9.17.09
Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 2 - Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2

1
z-score
235
588
126
271
-1
412
430
699
517
572
214
196
551
398
323a

303
499
633
-2
688
545
-3
329b
-4
634
-5
475
lab code
A12
Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
lab code
SD 9.17.09
Total Dissolved Solids Results
SD 9.17.09
A13
Total Dissolved Solids

Sample PTA 1
Lab
117 480 # -0.81 8

126 485 ± 56 -0.58 8
128 550 ± 55.0 2.34 8
144 510 ± 20 0.54 8
196 520 # 0.99 9
214 472 ± 16.5 -1.17 8
243 490 # -0.36 #
271 481 ± 25 -0.76 12
272 324 ± 16 -7.82 § 8
274 482 ± 18.32 -0.72 8
286 472 ± 70.8 -1.17 8
310 500 ± 8.29 0.09 8
323a 506 ± 12.5 0.36 #
329b 503 ± 50 0.22 8
362 479 # -0.85 8
375 524 ± 26 1.17 11
382 475 ± 1 -1.03 8
398 483 ± 72.4 -0.67 8
410 498 ± 50 0.00 8
412 509 ± 8.8% 0.49 8
430 500 ± 50 0.09 12
464 450 # -2.16 8
475 493 # -0.22 8
499 604 ± 24 4.77 § 11
519 489 ± 7.898 -0.40 8
542 516 ± 55 0.81 10
545 489 ± 6 -0.40 8

SD 9.17.09
A14
Total Dissolved Solids - cont.

Sample PTA 1
Lab
551 561 ± 2% 2.83 8

563 511 ± 25 0.58 8
568 550 ± 66 2.34 8
572 440 # -2.61 8
588 467 ± 47 -1.39 11
590 504 # 0.27 8
633 460 ± 69.0 -1.71 8
660 510 ± 90.0 0.54 8
688 502 # 0.18 8
699 520 # 0.99 12
No of Results: 37
Median: 498.0
Normalised
22.2
IQR:
Uncertainty of
4.6
the Median:
Robust CV: 4.5%
Minimum: 324
Maximum: 604
Range: 280

SD 9.17.09
Total Dissolved Solids - Sample PTA 1 - Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2

1
z-score
475
243
-1
519
545
126
398
274
271
117
362
382

214
286
-2
588
633
464
-3
572
-4
-5
272
lab code
A15
Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
lab code
SD 9.17.09
A16

Sample PTA 2
Lab
117 260 # 0.00 8

126 254 ± 23 -0.30 8
128 295 ± 30.0 1.75 8
144 280 ± 11 1.00 8
196 262 # 0.10 9
214 242 ± 8.5 -0.90 8
243 260 # 0.00 #
271 249 ± 25 -0.55 12
272 146 ± 7 -5.70 § 8
274 260 ± 9.90 0.00 8
286 246 ± 36.9 -0.70 8
310 255 ± 35.7 -0.25 8
323a 279 ± 6.37 0.95 #
329b 267 ± 27 0.35 8
362 267 # 0.35 8
375 281 ± 14 1.05 11
382 248 ± 1 -0.60 8
398 260 ± 39.0 0.00 8
410 250 ± 30 -0.50 8
412 315 ± 8.8% 2.75 8
430 265 ± 27 0.25 12
464 78 # -9.09 § 8
475 255 # -0.25 8
499 321 ± 13 3.05 § 11
519 259 ± 9.626 -0.05 8
542 252 ± 36 -0.40 10
545 288 ± 6 1.40 8

SD 9.17.09
A17
Total Dissolved Solids - cont.

Sample PTA 2
Lab
551 297 ± 2% 1.85 8

563 250 ± 25 -0.50 8
568 328 ± 39 3.40 § 8
572 256 # -0.20 8
588 243 ± 24 -0.85 11
590 262 # 0.10 8
633 253 ± 38.0 -0.35 8
660 280 ± 90.0 1.00 8
688 268 # 0.40 8
699 265 # 0.25 12
No of Results: 37
Median: 260.0
Normalised
20.0
IQR:
Uncertainty of
4.1
the Median:
Robust CV: 7.7%
Minimum: 78
Maximum: 328
Range: 250

SD 9.17.09
Total Dissolved Solids - Sample PTA 2 - Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2

117
243
1
z-score
519
572
310
475
126
633
-1
542
410
563
271
382
286
588
214

-2
-3
-4
-5
464
272
lab code
A18
Robust Z-Scores
5
4
3
2
1
z-score
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
lab code
SD 9.17.09
APPENDIX B
Sample Homogeneity and Stability
Homogeneity and Stability Testing ........................................................................................ B1
SD 9.17.09
B1
Homogeneity and Stability Testing
Samples for this program were obtained from Global Proficiency Ltd, New Zealand. As such,
all samples are subjected to rigorous quality control and homogeneity / stability testing.
Samples were manufactured from two solutions which formed a precipitate in the bottle.
These were dispensed with an accuracy of 0.75% for PTA 1 and 0.70% for PTA 2 (99% CI).
A random selection of ten samples was chosen from samples PTA 1 for homogeneity and
stability testing. Seven of these were stored chilled and the remaining three were subjected
to 35ºC for three days for an accelerated ageing stability trial. The samples were then
analysed by Hill Laboratories, New Zealand. The testing of Total Suspended Solids was
performed using: filtration through Whatman 934 AH, Advantec GC-50 or equivalent filters
(nominal pore size 1.2 - 1.5µm) and gravimetric determination (APHA 2540 D 22nd ed.
2012). The testing of Total Dissolved Solids was performed using filtration through GF/C
filters (1.2 µm) and gravimetric determination (APHA 2540 C 22nd ed. 2012 modified: drying
temperature of 103 - 105°C was used rather than180 ± 2°C). The Total Solids content was
determined by calculation from the Total Suspended Solids and Total Dissolved Solids
measurements.
All stability samples showed no increased variability when compared to the chilled samples.
Samples PTA 2 were also tested to confirm the levels were within the expected range.
Homogeneity and stability samples were treated in the same manner as for the PTA 1
samples. Based on identical manufacturing procedure and sample handling, homogeneity
and stability characteristics were assumed to be similar to samples PTA 1.
From statistical analyses based on the results of this testing and rigorous quality control, it
was considered that all samples were sufficiently homogeneous and stable, so that any
results later identified as outliers should not be attributed to any notable sample variability.
The results of homogeneity and stability testing are presented in Table B1 below. Please
note that the mean results for these tests are not intended to be used as reference values.
Table B1. Homogeneity and stability testing of Round 182 samples.

Round Samples PTA 1 (g/m3) Samples PTA 2 (g/m3)
PTA 182 TSS TDS TS TSS TDS TS
H1 39.9 591.9 631.8 97.9 271.2 369.1
H2 37.3 578.1 615.3 95.6 268.8 364.4
H3 38.4 575.1 613.5
H4 37.6 575.5 613.1
H5 40.3 563.5 603.8
H6 40.3 566.1 606.4
H7 40.3 566.5 606.8
S1 42.5 568.0 610.5 99.1 267.5 366.6
S2 42.9 551.2 594.1
S3 43.7 568.8 612.4
RSD 5.4% 1.9% 1.6% 1.8% 0.7% 0.6%
SD 9.17.09
APPENDIX C
Documentation
Instructions to Participants .................................................................................................... C1

Method Codes ....................................................................................................................... C3
Results Sheet ........................................................................................................................ C4
SD 9.17.09
C1
PROFICIENCY TESTING AUSTRALIA
WATERS PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAM
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ROUND 182 JUNE, 2015
Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
INSTRUCTIONS TO PARTICIPANTS
**Please record (on the Results Sheet) the approximate temperature of the samples upon
receipt**
Please note the following before commencing the analysis of the samples.
1. Samples
i) Two plastic bottles labelled PTA 1 and PTA 2, supplied by Global Proficiency Ltd. The
bottles contain 20 mL of artificial waste water concentrates for analysis of total solids, total
suspended solids and total dissolved solids.
ii) Each bottle will require dilution in reagent grade water. Please follow the Sample Preparation
section below.
iii) The bottles must be thoroughly

thoroughly mixed prior to analysis
Please Note: Where possible, proficiency testing samples should be treated as a routine
laboratory sample.
2. Sample Preparation
Note: The Residue sample colour is white.
Caution: Analysis must begin immediately after bottle is opened.
i) A separate sample must be prepared from each bottle.
ii) Adjust bottle temperature to 20ºC.
iii) Add approximately 800 mL of reagent grade water to a one

one--litre
litre volumetric flask.
iv) Record bottle ID number and mix thoroughly.
v) Quantitatively transfer the entire contents from the bottle into the flask, rinse the sides of the
bottle with reagent grade water and include this in the flask.
vi) Bring to volume with reagent grade water.
vii) Close the flask with a stopper and mix by inversion.
viii) Repeat steps ii) – vii) for second sample.
Please report results for the diluted sample.
SD 9.17.09
C2
3. Tests Requested
For the samples prepared from the two bottles PTA 1 and PTA 2:
i) Total Solids (TS).

ii) Total Suspended Solids (TSS).
iii) Total Dissolved Solids (TDS).
(It is recommended that a reagent water blank is analysed by the same method used to analyse
the samples.)
If unable to perform the above please note this on your Results Sheet.
4. Safety
i) Samples are for laboratory use only.

ii) Participants should have sufficient experience and training to take the necessary precautions
when handling the samples and reagent chemicals and during disposal.
iii) Use of safety glasses, gloves, and fume hoods, where appropriate during the
determinations, is recommended.
5. Reporting
i) Report results using three significant figures.

ii) Report results in milligrams per litre (mg/L).
iii) Do not correct results for recovery.
iv) Select the appropriate method code for each test from the Method Code Table and record it
on the Results Sheet.
v) Calculate the measurement uncertainty (MU) for each reported result. All estimates of MU
must be given as a 95% confidence interval (coverage factor k ≈ 2) and reported in mg/L.
Report MU using the same number of decimal places as for the result.
6. Testing should commence as soon as possible after receiving the samples and results reported
NO LATER THAN 10 JULY 2015 to:
Delfina Mihaila
Proficiency Testing Australia
PO Box 7507
SILVERWATER NSW 2128
AUSTRALIA
Phone: +612 9736 8397
Fax: +612 9743 6664
Email: dmihaila@pta.asn.au
7. For this program your laboratory has been allocated the code number shown on the attached
Results Sheet. All reference to your laboratory in reports associated with the program will be
through this code number, thus ensuring the confidentiality of your results.
8. As a guide, ranges for the samples can be expected to be (in mg/L):

Analyte Range
Total Solids 300 – 600 mg/L
Total Suspended Solids 20 – 150 mg/L
Total Dissolved Solids 200 – 600 mg/L
SD 9.17.09
C3
Method Codes to be used for the Results Sheet
METHOD
ANALYSIS METHOD DESCRIPTION CODE
REFERENCE
Total Solids APHA SM 2540 B. Total Solids Dried at 103–105°C 1
US EPA
0160.3 Residue, Total. Dried at 103–105°C 2
Other Calculation: Suspended + Dissolved 3
Other (please specify) 4
Total Suspended APHA SM 2540 D. Total Suspended Solids Dried at

Solids 5
103–105°C
US EPA 0160.2 Residue, Non-Filterable & Total 6

Suspended Solids Dried at 103–105°C
Other Other (please specify) 7
Total Dissolved APHA SM 2540 C. Total Dissolved Solids Dried at

Solids 8
180°C
US EPA 0160.1 Residue, Filterable. Dried at 180°C 9
Other Calculation: Total – Suspended 10
Conductivity 11
Other (please specify) 12
Method Reference Key
i) APHA SM APHA “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” (18,
19, 20, 21 and 22 Edition).
ii) USEPA U.S Environmental Protection Agency,
http://www.epa.gov/osa/fem/methcollectns.htm.
SD 9.17.09
C4
PROFICIENCY TESTING AUSTRALIA
WATERS PROFICIENCY TESTING PROGRAM
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ROUND 182
Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
JUNE, 2015
RESULTS SHEET
(mg/L)
Laboratory
«Code»
Code
*Approximate temperature of samples upon receipt:
SAMPLE PTA 1 SAMPLE PTA 2

METHOD
ANALYSIS
Result ±MU Result ±MU CODE
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)
Total Solids
Dried at 103
103–105°
105°C
Dried at 103
103–105°
105°C
Dried at 180°C
Please state: Brand of filter used
Nominal filter pore size
Please note: Where possible, proficiency testing samples should be treated as a routine laboratory
sample.
i) For each sample only a single result is requested.

ii) Report results using three significant figures.
iii) Report results in milligrams per litre (mg/L).
iv) Do not correct results for recovery.
v) MU* Laboratories Measurement Uncertainty (MU) if known for the result. Please report in
mg/L
mg/L,, using the same number of decimal places as for the result.
DATE: ______________________ SIGNATURE: _______________________________
Return results NO LATER THAN 10 JULY 2015 to:

Delfina Mihaila
Proficiency Testing Australia
PO Box 7507 Phone: +61 2 9736 8397
SILVERWATER NSW 2128 Fax: +61 2 9743 6664
AUSTRALIA Email: dmihaila@pta.asn.au
INSTRUCT WATERS PROF TEST PROG 182
SD 9.17.09
- End of Report -
SD 9.17.09

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Waters Proficiency Testing

- Total Solids, Total Suspended Solids,

© Copyright Proficiency Testing Australia,

APPENDIX A – Results and Data Analysis

APPENDIX B – Sample Homogeneity and Stability

Homogeneity and Stability Testing ........................................................................................ B1

Instructions to Participants .................................................................................................... C1

This report summarises the results of a proficiency testing program on the

2. Program Features and Design

2.4 A total of 46 laboratories received samples, comprising:

- 35 Australian participants; and

For each test, where appropriate, the following information is given:

- a table of results and calculated z-scores;

3.1 Outlier Results and Z-scores

In order to assess laboratories’ testing performance, a robust statistical approach,

A z-score with an absolute value less than or equal to 2.0 is considered to be

3.2 Results Tables and Summary Statistics

- No. of Results: the total number of results for that test/sample;

The median is a measure of the centre of the data.

The normalised IQR is a measure of the spread of the results. It is calculated by

3.3 Ordered Z-score Charts

The charts in Appendix A indicate each laboratory's robust z-score, in order of

4. PTA and Technical Advisers’ Comments

4.1 Metrological Traceability and Measurement Uncertainty of Assigned Values

Sample preparation was undertaken according to Global Proficiency Ltd’s Standard

PTA 1 550 541.0 3.1

Total PTA 1 50 45.50 0.83

Total PTA 1 500 498.0 4.6

4.2 Analysis of Round 182 Results

4.2.1 Total Solids (TS)

Total Solids - Sample PTA 1

Total Solids - Sample PTA 2

Measurement Uncertainty (MU)

The MU reported by participants can be seen in Figures 3 and 4. Out of 33

Total Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 1

Total Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 2

Results of sample PTA 1, including MU, compared to the median

Total Solids - Sample PTA 1

Result ± MU Median Uncertainty of the Median

Results of sample PTA 2, including MU, compared to the median

Total Solids - Sample PTA 2

Result ± MU Median Uncertainty of the Median

4.2.2 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 1

Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 2

Measurement Uncertainty (MU)

The MU reported by participants can be seen in Figures 9 and 10. Out of 45

Total Suspended Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 1

Total Suspended Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 2

Results of sample PTA 1, including MU, compared to the median

Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 1

Result ± MU Median Uncertainty of the Median

Results of sample PTA 2, including MU, compared to the median

Total Suspended Solids - Sample PTA 2

Result ± MU Median Uncertainty of the Median

4.2.3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Total Dissolved Solids - Sample PTA 1

Total Dissolved Solids - Sample PTA 2

Measurement Uncertainty (MU)

The MU reported by participants can be seen in Figures 15 and 16. Out of 37

Total Dissolved Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 1

Total Dissolved Solids ± MU - Sample PTA 2