BALANCING BUILT ENVIRONMENT: A HYBRID DESIGN APPROACH

wind velocity is reduced. As a result, the cooling effect by convection lessens. So, the heat
trapped, cannot be blown out, resulting intensification of the effect

1.2.1.6. Properties of Urban Material

Solar energy comprises with Infrared (52%), Visible Light (43%) and Ultra Violet rays (5%). All
of these energy types contribute to UHI. Property of urban materials effect on the
determination of albedo. Albedo is the ratio between incident solar energy and reflected solar
energy. It is good to have high albedo. Albedo is depending on arrangement of surfaces,
material, pavements and color. (Bhargava A, 2017)
.Albedo = Reflected energy / Incident Energy
According to Bouyer (2009), albedo is evaluated by the ratio of the reflected solar energy to
the incident solar energy. It depends on the arrangement of surfaces, materials, pavements,
coatings, etc. Albedo has a direct impact on the formation of the microclimate. The albedo of
a city varies according to various factors like surface arrangement i.e. orientation,
heterogeneity; materials for roofs, pavements etc. (Bouyer et al. 2009). If the albedo of the
urban surface is low, it will store more solar energy and t he effect will be increasing of urban
temperature i.e. creation of the urban microclimate.

Figure 1-4 Albedo values of an urban area

(Haddad Louiza, 2015)

1.2.1.7. Increases Energy Consumption

Higher demand on energy for air condition during summer time due to UHI is significant impact.
The demand for electricity rises up from 2-4% for every 1°C rise in temperature. Air conditions
absorb inside heat and release to outside. (Bhargava A, 2017)

GROUP-5 6