Design of floor framing system

Floor Framing System

o In the design of the floor framing system, the following
components need to be designed
 Flooring

 Joists
1m strip

 Beams

Plywood used to span between framing

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 Floor Framing System
o The typical approach in designing a flooring system is to
consider a meter strip of floor simply supported, with the
span being the joist spacing

1m strip

Joist
spacing
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 Floor Framing System
o It is typical that the joist spacing is limited by what the
flooring can carry. Note the following must be satisfied
 Bending Stress Criteria

 Shear Stress Criteria

 Deflection Criteria

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 Size and use categories for
commercial graded (structural) Lumber
o Boards
 Stress-Rated Board (SRB)

o Dimension Lumber
 Structural Light Framing (SLF)

 Light Framing (LF)

 Studs

 Structural Joists and Planks (SJ&P)

 Decking

o Timbers
 Beams and Stringers (B&S)

 Posts and Timbers (P&T)

 Size and use categories for
commercial graded (structural) Lumber
Nominal Dimensions
Symbol Name Thickness Width Examples of sizes
LF Light Framing and 2 to 4” 2 to 4” 2 x 2, 2 x 4, 4 x 4

SLF Structural Light Framing

SJ&P Structural Joist and Plank 2 to 4” 5” and wider 2 x 6, 2 x 14, 4 x 10

Stud 2 to 4” 2” and wider 2 x 4, 2 x 6, 4 x 6

(lengths limited to 10’
and shorter)
Decking* 2 to 4” 4” and wider 2 x 4, 2 x 8, 4 x 6
B&S Beams and Stringers 5” and thicker More than 2” greater 6 x 10, 6 x 14, 12 x 16
than thickness

P&T Posts and Timbers 5” and thicker Not more than 2” 6 x 6, 6 x 8, 12 x 14

greater than thickness

* Decking is normally stressed about its minor axis.

 Example Problem
Design a floor system with the flowing dimensions
4m 4m

3m (typ)

3m (typ)

3m (typ)
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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Material Specifications
 Narra 63% Stress Grade

 Fb = 14.2 MPa

 Ft = 14.2 MPa

 Fc = 8.97 MPa

 Fc^ = 2.42 MPa

 Fv = 1.51 MPa

 E = 4.68 MPa

 Relative Density = 0.52

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Load Specifications
 Dead Load

 Self weight (assume ¾” or 19.05 mm thickness)

SW = (relative density)(1000 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2) thickness

= 97.18 N/m2 or 0.097 kPa

 Partition Loads (NSCP 204.3)

 Floors in office buildings and other buildings where
partition locations are subject to change shall be designed
to support, in addition to all other loads, a uniformly
distributed load equal to 1.0 kPa of floor area.
 Not applicable for residential areas 9 /35
 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Load Specifications
 Live Load

 Residential Basic Floor Area: L = 1.90 kPa

 Total Load
 D + L = 0.097 + 1.90 = 1.997 kPa

 2.0 kPa

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Lumber property adjustments
 Load Duration Factor (D + L ): CD = 1.0
 Load Duration Factor (D only): CD = 0.9

 Wet Service Factor: CM = 1.0

 Temperature Factor: Ct = 1.0
 Preservative Treatment Factor: Ci = 1.0

 Fire Retardant Factor: CFR = 1.0

o Check Critical Load Case
 For D only: wD/CD = 0.097/0.9 = 0.108 kPa

 For D + L: wD+L/CD = 2.0/1.0 = 2.0 kPa > 0.108 kPa

 Therefore Load Combination D + L governs!

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o For D + L: Load Duration Factor CD = 1.0

 F’b = Fb(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR) = 1.42 MPa

 F’t = Ft(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR) = 1.42 MPa
 F’C = FC(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR) = 8.97 MPa
 F’C^ = FC^(CM x Ct x Ci x CFR) = 2.42 MPa
 F’v = Fv(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR) = 1.51 MPa
 E’ = E(1 – 1.65CV) = 2.75 MPa
 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
Determine the maximum spacing of joists
 Consider a unit width of T&G flooring = 1 m

 w = 2 kPa x 1 m = 2 kN/m

 Let s = spacing of joists in m

o Bending

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
Determine the maximum spacing of joists

o Shear

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Check Deflection

Hence spacing of joists should not be greater than 0.63 m

o Use Narra 63% Grade for T&G (3/4” thickness) with joist spacing of
0.6 m o.c.
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 Floor Framing System
o The joists (as with the flooring) must also satisfy the
following criteria
 Bending stress criteria

 Shear stress criteria 1m strip

 Deflection criteria

 Additional bearing criteria

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 Design of Joists
o Given: o Material Specifications
 span length, L = 3 m  Yakal 63% Stress Grade

 Fb = 19.3 MPa
 joist spacing, s = 0.5 m o.c  Ft = 19.3 MPa

 FC = 12.0 MPa
 assume no notches in the  Fc^ = 4.94 MPa
joist  Fv = 1.96 MPa

 E = 7.70 MPa

 Relative Density = 0.76

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 Design of Joists
o Load Specifications o Load Specifications
 Dead Load  Live Load
 T&G = 0.097 kPa  Residential Basic Floor
 Ceiling Load = 0.120 kPa Area: L = 1.90 kPa
 Electrical = 0.050 kPa
Dead Load = 0.267 kPa  Total Load
 D + L = 0.267 + 1.90 =
2.167 kPa  2.2 kPa

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Lumber property adjustments
 Load Duration Factor (D + L ): CD = 1.0
 Load Duration Factor (D only): CD = 0.9

 Wet Service Factor: CM = 1.0

 Temperature Factor: Ct = 1.0
 Repetitive Factor: Cr = 1.15
 assume b = 2” (100 mm)

 spacing not more than 12” (600 mm)

 assume more than three members

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 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Lumber property adjustments
 Size Factor: CF : not applicable

 Form Factor: Cr : not applicable

 Beam Stability Factor: CL : not applicable

(buckling is not a concern

 Preservative Treatment Factor: Ci = 1.0

 Fire Retardant Factor: CFR = 1.0

20 /35
 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Adjusted allowable stresses
 F’b = Fb(CD x CM x Ct x Cr x Ci x CFR)

= 19.3 (1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.15 x 1.0 x 1.0 )

= 22.2 MPa

 F’t = Ft(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR)

= 19.3 (1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0)
= 19.3 MPa

 F’C = FC(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR)

= 12.0 (1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0)
= 12.0 MPa
21 /35
 Design of Tongue and Groove
(T&G) Flooring
o Adjusted allowable stresses
 F’C^ = FC^(CM x Ct x Ci x CFR)

= 4.94 (1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 )

= 4.94 MPa

 F’v = Fv(CD x CM x Ct x Ci x CFR)

= 1.96 (1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 )
= 1.96 MPa

 E’ = E(1 – 1.65CV), where CV = 0.25 for VSG lumber

= 7.70 (1 – 1.65 x 0.25)
= 4.25 GPa
22 /35
 Design of Joists
o Structural Design
W = 2.2 kPa x tributary width = (2.2 kPa) x 0.5 = 1.1 kN/m
L = 3.0 m
b = 2” (nominal) or 1.5” (actual) = 38 mm
 Bending

 Try 2” x 4” joists (38 mm x 89 mm) 23 /35

 Design of Joists
o Structural Design

 Shear

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 Design of Joists
o Deflection

bd3 0.038 × 0.0893

𝐼= = = 2.22 × 10−6 m4
12 12
5 wL4 5 1.1 × 34
Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 0.115𝑚
384 EI 384 4.52 × 106 × 2.22 × 10−6
L 3
Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = = = 0.0125 𝑚 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚
240 240

∴ Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 115 𝑚𝑚 > Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 0.0125 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝐾! 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒

25 /35
 Design of Joists
o Try 2” x 6” (actual size = 38 mm x 140 mm)
bd3 0.038 × 0.1403
𝐼= = = 8.7 × 10−6 m4
12 12
5 wL4
Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
384 EI
5 1.1 × 34
= = 0.03𝑚
384 4.52 × 106 × 8.7 × 10−6
∴ Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 30 𝑚𝑚 > Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝐾! 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒

26 /35
 Design of Joists
o Try 2” x 8” (actual size = 38 mm x 184 mm)

bd3 0.038 × 0.1843

𝐼= = = 2.0 × 10−5 m4
12 12
5 wL4
Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
384 EI
5 1.1 × 34
= 6 −5
= 0.0128𝑚
384 4.52 × 10 × 2.0 × 10

∴ Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 12.8 𝑚𝑚 > Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝐾! 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒

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 Design of Joists
o Summary
 Use 2” x 10” Yakal 63% stress grade

 Joists @ 0.50 m o.c.

o Note
 If the 2” x 10” joist is too deep, then you may use 3” x 8” to get
a shallower member or reduce the joist spacing into say 0.3 or
0.4 m o.c.
 SELFWEIGHT: In the preceding computations, the selfweight of
the beam was not included. You may include this for accurate
results. However the results may be the same.

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 Design of Joists
o Check also for bearing stresses
 Bearing stresses perpendicular to the grain of wood occur at the beam
supports. The actual stress must be less than the allowable bearing stress:
𝑃 ′
𝑓𝑐⊥ = ≤ 𝐹𝑐⊥
𝐴
 P is equal to the reaction at the support.
′
𝐹𝑐⊥ = 𝐹𝑐⊥ 𝐶𝑀 × 𝐶𝑡 × 𝐶𝑖 × 𝐶𝐹𝑅 × 𝐶𝑏
 Cb = Bearing area factor (NSCP 616.6)
For bearing area less than 150 mm in length and not nearer than 75 mm to
the end of a member, the maximum allowable load per square mm may be
obtained by multiplying the allowable unit stresses in compression
perpendicular to the grain by the factor

Cb = (lb + 9.5)/lb
where lb is the length of bearing in mm measured along the grain of wood
29 /35
 Joist sizes
Nominal Actual Actual (in mm) Nominal Actual Actual (in mm)
1” x 2” ¾ “ x 1 – ½” 19 x 38 2” x 4” 1 – ½” x 3 – ½” 38 x 89
1” x 3” ¾ “ x 2 – ½” 19 x 64 2” x 6” 1 – ½” x 5 – ½” 38 x 140
1” x 4” ¾ “ x 3 – ½” 19 x 89 2” x 8” 1 – ½” x 7 – ¼” 38 x 184
1” x 5” ¾ “ x 4 – ½” 19 x 114 2” x 10” 1 – ½” x 9 – ¼” 38 x 235
1” x 6” ¾ “ x 5 – ½” 19 x 140 2” x 12” 1 – ½” x 11 – ¼” 38 x 286
1” x 7” ¾“x6–¼” 19 x 159 3” x 6” 2 – ½” x 5 – ½” 64 x 140
1” x 8” ¾ “ x 7 – ¼” 19 x 184 4” x 4” 3 – ½” x 3 – ½” 89 x 89
1” x 10” ¾ “ x 9 – ¼” 19 x 235 4” x 6” 3 – ½” x 5 – ½” 89 x 140
1” x 12” ¾ “ x 11 – ¼” 19 x 286

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 Floor Framing System
o For the beam, the following must be satisfied
 Bending stress criteria

 Shear stress criteria

 Deflection criteria

31 /35
 Example Problem
The beam has the following properties
span =4m depth d = 0.3 m
spacing =3m width, b = 50 mm
depth of notch = 0 mm floor thickness = 19.05 mm
area live load = 1.9 kPa (residential)

Use Narra with 63% stress grade

Fb = 14.2 Mpa Fc^ = 2.42 Mpa d
Ft = 14.2 Mpa Fv = 1.51 MPa
Fc = 8.97 Mpa E = 6480 Mpa
b
Unit weight = 5.10 kN/m3
E’ = E(1 – 1.65 Cv) use Cv = 0.25
= 2750 MPa
32 /35
 Design of Beams
Check if adequate for bending stress

33 /35
Design of Beams

34 /35
Design of Beams

35 /35
Design of Beams

36 /35
Design of Beams

Note that usually the L/360 for Live load

only governs

8.03mm

8.03mm
37 /35