Ada 2 rumus yg perlu teman2 ingat
I had sung a song
Be+v3 (kalimat passive)
Be+Ving (Continous)
Jadi maksudnya v3 dan ving itu gak
akan bsa menjadi verb kalau tidak
ada "tobe(present; is, am, are, Past;
was, were)
Tenses
Active to passive voice
S.present
I sing a song
P: a song is sung by me
S.past (V2)
I sang a song
P: a song was sung by me
present Countinous
I am singing a song
P: a song is being sung by me
Past Continous
I was singing a song
P: a song was being sung by me
Perfect (have/has + v3)
I have sung a song
P: a song has been sung by me
Perfect Continous
I have been singing a song
P: a song has been being sung by me
Past Perfect
P: a song had been sung by me
Past Perfect Continous
I had been singing a song
P: a song had been being sung by me
Future
I will sing a song
P: a song will be sung by me
Future Continous
I will be singing a song
P: a song will be being sung by me
Past Future
I would sing a song
P: a song would be sung by me
Past Future Continous
I would be singing a song
P: a song would be being sung by me
Future Perfect
I will have sung a song
P: a song will have been sung by me
Future Perfect Continous
I will have been singing a song
P: a sing will have been being sung by
me
 Noun (KATA BENDA)

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE
SINGULAR PLURAL
book books Sugar, salt, butter, money, blood,
fish fish air, water, beauty, education,
Person People equipment, sand, health, wind,
child children coffee, tea, wood, fruit
box boxes
pen pens

Yang Paling Penting diingat adalah QUANTIFIERS

QUANTIFIERS adalah suatu kata yang mengindikasikan suatu jumlah, apakah dia
singular, plural atau uncountable

1. Quantifier singular 2. Quantifier plural

Each (Setiap) Other (lainnya)
Ex. Each person Ex. Other days

Every (setiap) A number of (sejumlah)

Ex. Every day Ex. A number of people

Single (tunggal) Many (banyak)

Ex single lady Ex. Many teachers

Another (lainnya) Few (beberapa/sedikit)

Ex. Another day Ex. Few cars

3. Quantifier Uncountable
much (banyak) 4. Quantifier Uncountable and Plural
ex. much sugar
Some (beberapa)
a little (sedikit) Most (kebanyakan)
ex. A little money A lot of (banyak)

An amount of (sejumlah)
Ex. An amount of water .
 ADJECTIVE (KATA SIFAT)
Kata sifat ini berfungsi untuk menjelaskan sesuatu dan letaknya selalu berada sebelum
kata benda (adjective+noun), setelah TOBE (IS, AM, ARE / WAS, WERE), dan setelah
lingking verb (feel, seem, look, smell, sound, dll)

Biasanya adjective memiliki endings (akhiran)

uffix Contoh Adjective

-able changeable, readable, reasonable, teachable, workable

-al disfunctional, emotional, periodical, procedural, theorical

-ant exultant, observant, ignorant, important, significant

-ary imaginary, ordinary, unitary

-ed bearded, bored, melted, spoiled, tender-hearted

-ent excellent, convenient, different, frequent, patient, sufficient

-ful beautiful, delightful, helpful, hurtful, playful, useful

-ic basic, empiric, energetic, enthusiastic, periodic, romantic

-ing charming, encouraging, terrifying, interresting, sparkling

-ish boyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish

-ive abusive, active, cooperative, initiative, instinctive, sensitive

-less  careless, hopeless, motiveless, priceless, tasteless, useless

-ly  friendly, lively, lovely, neighborly, womanly

-ous adventurous, gaseous, momentous, mysterious, religious

-y angry, busy, cloudy, healthy, juicy, sandy, shaky, windy

 1. Adj + Noun
Expensive car
Beautiful woman

2. Tobe + adjective
She is beautiful
The car is expensive

3. Lingking verb+ adjective

I feel happy
It sounds great
It smells bad
You look gorgeous
He seems busy

ADVERB (KATA KETERANGAN)

Adverb (kata keterangan) adalah kata yang berfungsi menerangkan kata kerja (verb),
kata sifat (adjective), atau kata keterangan lainnya. Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada 8 jenis
kata keterangan yang harus Anda tahu.

Apa saja itu? Bagaimana contoh kalimatnya? Mari kita ulas satu per satu.

1. Adverb of Manner

Adverb of manner memberi penjelasan tentang bagaimana atau dengan cara apa suatu
kegiatan dilakukan. Contohnya adalah sadly, happily, bravely, hard, fast, soundly, fairly,
dan seterusnya.

Contoh kalimat:

 The soldiers fight bravely. [Para tentara berperang dengan berani.]

 The students compete fairly. [Para siswa bersaing secara adil.]
 She stared at me curiously. [Dia menatapku dengan rasa penasaran.]

2. Adverb of Time
Adverb of time (keterangan waktu) adalah kata yang menunjuk pada kapan sesuatu
terjadi atau berada. Beberapa kata yang tergolong adverb of time adalah immediately
(secepatnya), then (nanti), now (sekarang), yesterday (kemarin), tommorow (besok),
later (kemudian), daily (setiap hari), dan lain-lain.

Contoh kalimat:

 Let’s begin to work now. [Mari kita mulai bekerja sekarang.]

 Yusron always comes late. [Yusron selalu datang terlambat.]
 The postman comes daily. [Tukang post datang setiap hari.]

3. Adverb of Place

Adverb of place menerangkan tempat. Contoh adverb of place adalah here (di sini),
there (di sana), below (di bawah), near (dekat), dan sebagainya.

Contoh kalimat:

 My boss is out. [Bos saya sedang keluar.]

 Stay here. [Diam di sini.]
 She always looks down. [Dia selalu melihat ke bawah.]

4. Adverb of Frequency

Adverb of frequency menerangkan seberapa sering suatu kegiatan dilakukan. Yang

termasuk adverb of frequency antara lain often (sering), never (tidak pernah), frequently
(kerap kali, sering), sometimes (kadang-kadang), usually (biasanya), rarely (jarang,
langka), dan seldom (jarang).

Contoh kalimat:

 I often forget her name. [Saya sering lupa namanya.]

 She seldom visits her mother. [Dia jarang mengunjungi ibunya.]
 I have told you twice. [Saya sudah memberitahumu dua kali.]

5. Adverb of certainty

Adverb of certainty menerangkan keyakinan atau kepastian dari suatu hal. Contoh
adverb of certainty adalah surely, obviously, definitely, probably, possibly, maybe,
really, dan doubly.

Contoh kalimat:
  It will probably rain tonight. [Mungkin akan hujan malam ini.]
 I will certainly help you. [Saya pasti akan menolong Anda.]
 Yudi is obviously very clever. [Yudi sudah jelas sangat pintar.]

6. Adverb of Degree

Adverb of degree menerangkan sebarapa banyak, sejauh mana, atau pada tingkat apa
sesuatu terjadi. Contoh kata yang termasuk adverb of degree adalah very (sangat),
enough (cukup), rather (agak), fairly (agak), nearly (hampir), pretty (cukup), dan lain-
lain.

Contoh kalimat:

 He came rather late. [Dia datang agak terlambat.]

 She is very beautiful. [Dia sangat cantik.]
 Farhat reads quite clearly. [Farhat membaca dengan cukup jelas.]
 Dhani sings pretty well. [Dhani menyanyi dengan cukup baik.]

7. Interrogative adverb

Interrogative adverb dipakai dalam pertanyaan. Contoh kata keterangan ini adalah
when, where, why, dan how.

Contoh kalimat:

 Where are you going tonight? [Ke mana Anda akan pergi malam ini?]
 How long will you stay in Makassar? [Berapa lama Anda akan tinggal di
Makassar?]

8. Conjunction adverb

Conjunction adverb berperan menghubungkan dua klausa. Contoh conjuntion adverb

adalah however, consequently, then, next, dan still.

Contoh kalimatnya:

 Life is hard. However, life can be fun.

 The market is very difficult these days. Consequently, we need to focus on what
works best for our customers.
 My friend Mark doesn’t enjoy school. Still, he’s working hard at getting good
grades
 QUESTION MARKS
WHAT (APA)
Ex. What kind of food do you like?
(makanan apa yang kamu suka)
Answer: I like pizza
I enjoy eating banana
I prefer banana to apply
I like dragon fruit better than corn

WHERE (DIMANA)
Where do you live?
Answer; I live in Banda Ace

WHEN (KAPAN)
When did you come to my house?
Answer: I came to your house 2 days ago

WHO (SIAPA)
Who are you?
Answer: I am a lecturer

WHY (MENGAPA)
Why do you come late?
Answer: I have some problem on my way

HOW (BAGAIMANA)
How are you?
Answer: I am fine
How are you doing?
Answer: I am doing good

Contoh kalimat tanya yang diawali dengan have, yang bermakna sudahkah.

Have you eaten breakfast?

(sudah sarapan/ makan pagi)
Answer: Yes, I have (sudah)/ no I have not (belum)
Contoh kalimat tanya yang diawali “do/did” yang bermakna apakah yang selalu
jawabannya juga berisi do/did

Do you like pizza?

Answer: Yes, I do (Saya Suka)
No I don’t (tidak Suka)

Did you finish your work?

Answer: Yes, I did
No, I didn’t

Contoh kalimat tanya yang diawali TOBE (IS, AM, ARE) yang bermakna apakah yang
jawabannya juga berisi TOBE

Are you a lecturer?

Yes, I am
No, I am not

Is she a doctor?
Yes, she is
No, she is not