DC Motor & Generator

Prepared by:
Engr. Jamali A. Nagamora, RME, MSEE
Faculty, EE Department
College of Engineering and Architecture
DC Motors – Electrical to Mechanical
1. The Separately Excited DC Motor
2. The Shunt DC Motor
3. The Permanent magnet DC
Motor
4. The series DC Motor
5. The compounded DC Motor
DC Machine- Equivalent Circuit
DC Machine- Magnetization Curve
DC Motors – Electrical to Mechanical
1. The Separately Excited DC
Motor
2. The Shunt DC Motor
3. The Permanent magnet DC Motor
4. The series DC Motor
5. The compounded DC Motor
The Separately Excited DC Motor

• The supply is given separately to the

field and armature windings.

• The field winding is energized from a

separate external source of dc
current as shown in the figure.
Separately Excited – Equivalent Circuit
Example 1: Separately-excited
• A 25-kW 125-V separately-excited dc machine is operated at a
constant speed of 3000 r/min with a constant field current such that
the open-circuit armature voltage is 125 V. The armature resistance is
0.02 Ω. Compute the armature current, terminal power, and
electromagnetic power and torque when the terminal voltage is
(a) 128 V and (b) 124 V.
Example 1: Separately-excited
• A 25-kW 125-V separately-excited dc machine is operated at a constant speed of 3000 r/min with a constant
field current such that the open-circuit armature voltage is 125 V. The armature resistance is 0.02 Ω.
Compute the armature current, terminal power, and electromagnetic power and torque when the terminal
voltage is
(a) 128 V
Example 1: Separately-excited
• A 25-kW 125-V separately-excited dc machine is operated at a constant speed of 3000 r/min with a constant
field current such that the open-circuit armature voltage is 125 V. The armature resistance is 0.02 Ω.
Compute the armature current, terminal power, and electromagnetic power and torque when the terminal
voltage is
(b) 124 V.
DC Motors – Electrical to Mechanical
1. The Separately Excited DC Motor
2. The Shunt DC Motor
3. The Permanent magnet DC Motor
4. The series DC Motor
5. The compounded DC Motor
The Shunt DC Motor

• Shunt wound motors, with the

armature shunted across the field.
• Good speed regulation even as the
load varies.
• Typically used for industrial,
adjustable speed applications, such
as machine tools,
winding/unwinding machines and
tensioners.
DC Shunt motor – Equivalent Circuit
DC Shunt motor – Equivalent Circuit
DC Shunt Motor – Problem Example 2
A 240-V shunt motor takes a current of 3.5 A on no load. The armature
circuit resistance is 0.5 Ω and the shunt-field-winding resistance is 160
Ω. When the motor operates at full load at 2400 rpm, it takes 24 A.
Determine :
(a) its efficiency at full load,
(b) torque developed and the useful torque,
(c) the no-load speed, and
(d) percent
speed regulation. Sketch the power-flow diagram for each operating
condition.
DC Shunt Motor – Problem Example 2
A 240-V shunt motor takes a current of 3.5 A on no load. The armature circuit resistance is 0.5 Ω and the shunt-
field-winding resistance is 160 Ω. When the motor operates at full load at 2400 rpm, it takes 24 A. Determine :
(a) its efficiency at full load,
DC Shunt Motor – Problem Example
A 240-V shunt motor takes a current of 3.5 A on no load. The armature circuit resistance is 0.5 Ω and the shunt-
field-winding resistance is 160 Ω. When the motor operates at full load at 2400 rpm, it takes 24 A. Determine :
(b) torque developed and the useful torque,
DC Shunt Motor – Problem Example
A 240-V shunt motor takes a current of 3.5 A on no load. The armature circuit resistance is 0.5 Ω and the shunt-
field-winding resistance is 160 Ω. When the motor operates at full load at 2400 rpm, it takes 24 A. Determine :
(c) the no-load speed
DC Shunt Motor – Problem Example
A 240-V shunt motor takes a current of 3.5 A on no load. The armature circuit resistance is 0.5 Ω and the shunt-
field-winding resistance is 160 Ω. When the motor operates at full load at 2400 rpm, it takes 24 A. Determine :
(d) percent speed regulation.
DC Shunt Motor – Problem Example
A 240-V shunt motor takes a current of 3.5 A on no load. The armature circuit resistance is 0.5 Ω and the shunt-
field-winding resistance is 160 Ω. When the motor operates at full load at 2400 rpm, it takes 24 A. Determine :
Sketch the power-flow diagram for each operating condition.
DC Shunt Motor - Non Linear Analysis
• Anything that changes the magneto-motive force (F) in a machine
will have a nonlinear effect on the internal generated voltage of the
machine.
• The two principal contributors to the magneto-motive force in the
machine are it’s field current and it’s armature reaction, if present.

Magnetization
Curve
 Example 3: Non linear Analysis
• A 50-hp, 250-V, 1200 r/min dc shunt motor
without compensating windings has an
armature resistance (including the brushes
and interpoles) of 0.06 Ω. It’s field circuit
has a total resistance RF + Radj of 50 Ω,
which produces a no-load speed of 1200
r/min. There are 1200 turns per pole on
the shunt field winding, and the armature
reaction produces a demagnetizing
magnetomotive force of 840 A • turns at a
load current of 200 A. The magnetization
curve of this machine is shown in Figure.
Find the speed of this motor when it s
input current is 200 A.
 Example: Non linear Analysis
• A 50-hp, 250-V, 1200 r/min dc shunt motor without compensating windings has an
armature resistance (including the brushes and interpoles) of 0.06 Ω. It’s field circuit
has a total resistance RF + Radj of 50 Ω, which produces a no-load speed of 1200 r/min.
There are 1200 turns per pole on the shunt field winding, and the armature reaction
produces a demagnetizing magnetomotive force of 840 A • turns at a load current of
200 A. The magnetization curve of this machine is shown in Figure. Find the speed of
this motor when it s input current is 200 A.
DC Shunt Motor – Speed Control
1. Adjusting the field resistance RF (and thus the field flux)
2. Adjusting the terminal voltage applied to the armature.
3. Inserting a resistor in series with the armature circuit.
DC Shunt Motor – Speed Control
1 . Adjusting the field resistance RF (and thus the field flux)

The effect of field resistance RF speed control on a shunt motor’s torque-speed characteristics.
(a) over the motor’s normal operating range
(b) over the entire range from no load to stall conditions
DC Shunt Motor – Speed Control
2. Adjusting the terminal voltage applied to the armature.
DC Shunt Motor – Speed Control
• 3. Inserting a resistor in series with the armature circuit.
Example 4: Speed Control
• Figure above shows a 100hp, 250 V, 1200 r/min shunt
dc motor with an armature resistance of 0.03 ohms
and a field resistance of 41.67 ohms. The motor has
compensating windings, so armature reaction can be
ignored. Mechanical and core losses may be assumed
to be negligible for the purposes of this problem. The
motor is assumed to be driving a load with a line
current of 126A and an initial speed of 1103 r/min. To
simplify the problem, assume that the amount of
armature current drawn by the motor remains
constant.

• (a) If the machine’s magnetization curve is as in

Example 3, what is the motor’s speed if the field
resistance is raised to 50 ohms?
 Example 4: Speed Control
• Figure above shows a 100hp, 250 V, 1200 r/min shunt dc motor with an
armature resistance of 0.03 ohms and a field resistance of 41.67 ohms.
The motor has compensating windings, so armature reaction can be
ignored. Mechanical and core losses may be assumed to be negligible
for the purposes of this problem. The motor is assumed to be driving a
load with a line current of 126A and an initial speed of 1103 r/min. To
simplify the problem, assume that the amount of armature current
drawn by the motor remains constant.

• (a) If the machine’s magnetization curve is as in Example 3, what is the

motor’s speed if the field resistance is raised to 50 ohms?
 Example 5: Speed Control
• The motor in Example 4 is now connected separately excited as shown
below. The motor is initially running with VA = 250V, IA = 120A, and n=
1103 r/min, while supplying a constant-torque load. What will the speed
of this motor be if VA is reduced to 200V?
DC Motors – Electrical to Mechanical
1. The Separately Excited DC Motor
2. The Shunt DC Motor
3. The Permanent magnet DC
Motor
4. The series DC Motor
5. The compounded DC Motor
DC Generator – Mechanical and Electrcical
1. The Separately Excited DC Motor
2. The Shunt DC Motor
3. The Permanent magnet DC
Motor
4. The series DC Motor
5. The compounded DC Motor