Machines, whether p

are used to transform

the force. Simple mac
device. Machines can
machines. Simple ma
work easier. Compoun

1. Lever - composed o
part known as a fulcru
1. Lever - composed o
part known as a fulcru

Parts of a Lever
1. Resistance (R) or Lo
2. Effort (E) - a forcce
1. Resistance (R) or Lo
2. Effort (E) - a forcce
3. Fulcrum (F) - the fix
4. Resistance arm (dr)
5. Effort art (de) - the
 SIM
her powered by engine
sform, transfer energy, m
e machines do work in o
es can be classified as sim
le machines are simple t
mpound machines consi
Kinds o
osed of a straight or ben
fulcrum.
osed of a straight or ben
fulcrum.

) or Load - a force that is

orcce that lifts the resist
) or Load - a force that is
orcce that lifts the resist
the fixed movable point
m (dr) - the distance of t
- the distance of the eff
 SIMPLE MACHINES
ngine or people, make w
ergy, multiply speed or f
rk in one movement or a
as simple machines and
mple tools that multiply
consist of two or more s
inds of Simple Machines
or bent rigid bar that is fr
or bent rigid bar that is fr

that is being lifted by the

resistance
that is being lifted by the
resistance
point where the rigid ba
ce of the resistance to th
he effort to the fulcrum
 ES
ake working on tasks ea
d or force, and change t
nt or a one-type-of-work
es and compound or com
ltiply the amount of forc
more simple machines (e
chines
at is free to turn on the fi
at is free to turn on the fi

by the effort
by the effort

gid bar moves

e to the fulcrum
crum
sks easier. Machines
ange the direction of
-work easing
or complex
of force to make
nes (ex. bicycle).

n the fixed, movable

n the fixed, movable
Classes of Levers
1. First-class Lever (R
resistance (ex. seesaw
2. Second-class Lever
other end, and the lo
3. Third-class Lever (R
end, and the effort is
2. Inclined Plane - a fl
other. It is used in rais
ramps.
other. It is used in rais
ramps.

3. Wedge - a double i

4. Screw - another mo
to wrap a cylinder. Th
each thread is referre

5. Wheel and Axle - th

that they rotate toget
that they rotate toget
 s
ver (RFE or EFR) - the ful
eesaw)
Lever (FRE or ERF) - the
the load is in the middle
ever (REF or FER) - the fu
ort is applied in the mid
e - a flat supporting surfa
in raising and lowering a
 in raising and lowering a

uble inclined plane that

her modified inclined pla

er. The spiral ridges of th
eferred to as pitch.

xle - the assembly forme

together around the sam
together around the sam
 he fulcrum is between t

- the fulcrum lies at one

middle (ex. wheelbarrow)
the fulcrum is at one en
e middle (ex. hammer)
g surface tilted at an ang
ering a load. Inclined pla
ering a load. Inclined pla

e that is sharpened to an

ed plane, a screw is mad

s of the screw are referr

formed by two discs of d

he same axis.
he same axis.
 een the effort and the lo

at one end, the effort is

arrow)
ne end, but the load is a
mer)
n angle, with one end h
ed planes are widely use
ed planes are widely use

to an end (ex. axe)

s made when an inclined

referred to as thread an

cs of different diameters
 the load or

ort is applied at the

ad is at the other

end higher than the

y used in form of
 y used in form of

clined plane is used

ad and the distance

meters mounted so
6. Pulley - a modified
power. A pulley has a
rope from slipping. Th
attaches or holds the

Kinds of Pulleys
1. Fixed Pulley - gene
object easier by chan
2. Movable Pulley - th
movable pulley is hun
3. Block and Tackle -
movable pulley is hun
3. Block and Tackle -
that pulls the movabl
fixed pulley is where t
changing capability of
pulley (ex. used in con
dified wheel and axle. It
has a rope sliding on the
ng. The axle, on the oth
ds the wheels so that it t

generally hung, making

changing the direction o
ey - the entire wheel, to
is hung on a rope and ho
ckle - combination of fixe
 is hung on a rope and ho
ckle - combination of fixe
ovable pulley. the mova
here the effort is exerte
lity of the fixed pulley a
in construction areas)
xle. It is used to lift loads
on the groove of the wh
e other hand, serves as
at it turns as the rope sl

aking the wheel station

ction of the effort force (
eel, together with the ax
and hooked to a resistan
of fixed and movable pu
and hooked to a resistan
of fixed and movable pu
movable pulley, therefor
xerted. This block and ta
lley and the force-multip
eas)
 loads, apply forces, and
he wheel. The groove pr
es as the mounting brac
ope slides.

ationary in position. It c
orce (ex. pulley in flagpo
the axle, travels along th
sistance (ex. ziplines)
ble pulley. the fixed pulle
sistance (ex. ziplines)
ble pulley. the fixed pulle
erefore, carries the resis
and tackle combines the
multiplying ability of the
s, and transmit
ve prevents the
g bracket that

n. It can lift an
flagpoles)
ong the rope. A
es)
d pulley is the part
es)
d pulley is the part
e resistance, as the
es the direction-
of the movable