Army Field Manual I Warfighting Tactics - Part 1 The Fundamentals | 7-11

with a similar disposition, assuming the types of formation are the same. The transfer
should take place without a loss in operational capability.

7-35. Principles. The principles for a relief in place are:

a. Maintain the mission. A relief in place must be conducted quickly to minimise any
lessening of capability or disruption to the mission.

b. Security. The enemy will seek to exploit a relief in place. OPSEC is paramount allied to
use of darkness and poor visibility.

c. Simplicity. A relief in place, conducted quickly, at night and potentially in contact

requires a simple plan.

Forward passage of lines

7-36. Purpose. The purpose of the forward passage of lines (FPOL) is to enable a force to
advance or attack through another force. The force in contact remains in place and must
provide the advancing force with as much assistance as possible including tactical and
logistical support. An FPOL will be used when an attack is to be continued with fresh or
more suitable forces; when an advancing force is required to pass through another such
as a bridgehead; or when advancing force is tasked to seize or occupy terrain in order for
the in-place force to continue their advance.

7-37. Principles. The principles for an FPOL are:

a. Simplicity. An FPOL is a complex operation; a simple plan, executed quickly will

minimise the enemy’s ability to pre-empt or react to subsequent actions.

b. Security. Effective OPSEC and CSCM will reduce the likelihood of enemy interference
or attempts to counter the FPOL.

c. Control. An FPOL requires careful planning and coordination by a controlling

headquarters. Liaison is vital to avoid confusion and congestion and to maximise fire
support to the moving force as it advances.

Rearward passage of lines

7-38. Purpose. The purpose of the rearward passage of lines (RPOL) is to enable a force to
withdraw through the defensive position of another force. An RPOL may take place either
in or out of contact and its difficulties should not be underestimated. An RPOL may be
conducted as part of a delaying operation; to change the type of force facing the enemy;
when terrain can be abandoned; as a means of relieving a force unable to continue with
its mission; or as part of a withdrawal.

7-39. The planning procedures of forward and rearward passage of lines are similar although
movement to the rear is likely to be more difficult because the desire for speed
and a likely lack of available troops from the withdrawing force will make detailed
liaison, reconnaissance and recognition of friendly troops difficult. Additionally, if the
withdrawing force has been in action, its soldiers will be tired and possibly disorganised.

7-40. Principles. The principles for an RPOL are as for the FPOL.