MM102 –Introduction to Engineering Materials

Spring-2020

By
Muzammil Irshad
Instructor: Sect. A

Chapter # 8
Online Lecture # 6 For all sections of MM102

GHULAM ISHAQ KHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING S1CIENCES & TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF MATERIALS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Design using Fracture Mechanics:

❑ Three variables must be considered relative to the

possibility for fracture of some structural component

✓ Fracture toughness
✓ Imposed stress
✓ Flaw size
σy , TS, and %EL are all functions of loading rate
Impact Testing Techniques:

❑ Both KIC & Impact tests determine the

fracture properties of materials

❖ Impact test conditions chosen for fracture:

(1) Deformation at a relatively low temperature

(2) A high strain rate
(3) Triaxial stress state (Presence of notch)

❑ Two standardized tests, the Charpy and the Izod

To measure the impact energy (notch toughness).

1) Impact energy determination as function of T

2 ) Range of temperature over which ductile-to-

brittle transition takes place.
Specimen for both Izod and Charpy ( mostly in US )
Most Important Objective of CVN (Charpy V-Notch) testing:

Finding ductile-to-brittle transition Temperature

ductile

For steel

brittle
Ductile to Brittle transition and appearance to failure surface:

✓ Alloying usually increases the

DBT temperature

✓ FCC metals remain ductile down

to very low temperature

✓ For ceramics this transition

occurs at much higher
temperature
Appearance to failure surface:
Two other general types of impact energy–versus–temperature
behavior:
Transition temperature is sensitive to both alloy
composition and microstructure

✓ Increasing carbon contents in steel

Note:
Grain size
also affects
DBTT