Name: Rolly S.

Tambe Assignment No: 1

Subject: CE 225- Structural Dynamics Date Submitted: October 3, 2020

I. In your knowledge in structural analysis or theory of structures, based from the figure, derive the

formula of the lateral stiffness k at the right, if the beam and slab are very rigid or EI=infinity.

And, if the beam rigidity is very weak or EI=0, derive the formula

3𝐸𝐼𝑐 6𝐸𝐼
𝑘 ∑
𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

 Approximate System with Lumped Mass and one DOF

𝒖
𝒇𝒔 𝒇𝒔
𝒇𝒔

Where:

 Ignore weight from columns. Only consider rigid mass from slab, loads, etc.
𝒖
𝒇𝒔
𝒇𝒔

𝒉
Name: Rolly S. Tambe Assignment No: 1

Subject: CE 225- Structural Dynamics Date Submitted: October 3, 2020

 Stiffness - Force required at Degree of Freedom to produce a unit displacement.

 From Hooke’s Law:

 Stiffness has units [ ], [ ]

𝒖 𝟏
𝒇(𝒔)

 Stiffness - Force required at Degree of Freedom to produce a unit displacement.

( ) 𝒖
𝒇𝒔
 Deflection of a fixed column:

( )

 Since there are two columns, each will contribute to stiffness.

( )
Name: Rolly S. Tambe Assignment No: 1

Subject: CE 225- Structural Dynamics Date Submitted: October 3, 2020

 Consider the portal frame as shown in figure.

𝐸𝐼
𝐹ℎ 𝑢

Portal Frame

Forces induced in a shear frame.

CASE A. When the beam stiffness is infinitely rigid (shear frame)

4𝐸𝐼
Hence Stiffness, 𝑘
ℎ3

CASE B. When the beam stiffness is negligible

6𝐸𝐼𝑐
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑛, 𝐹ℎ 𝑢

6𝐸𝐼
Hence Stiffness, 𝑘 Forces induced in a frame (beam stiffness is negligible).
ℎ3
Name: Rolly S. Tambe Assignment No: 1

Subject: CE 225- Structural Dynamics Date Submitted: October 3, 2020

II. Calculate the lateral stiffness for the frame shown, assuming the elements to be axially rigid.

Solution:

The structure can be analysed by any of the standard methods, including moment distribution. Here we use
the definition of stiffness influence coefficients to solve the problem.
Name: Rolly S. Tambe Assignment No: 1

Subject: CE 225- Structural Dynamics Date Submitted: October 3, 2020

 DOF = 3 (as shown in Figure a )

 To obtain the first column of the 3x3 stiffness matrix, we impose unit displacement in DOF , with
.
 The forces required to maintain this deflected shape shown in Figure ( b ).

 These are determined using the stiffness coefficients for a uniform flexural element. The elements in the
second column of stiffness matrix are determined by imposing with as shown in Figure
(c).

 Similarly the elements in the third column of the stiffness matrix can be determined by imposing
displacements with . Thus the 3x3 stiffness matrix of the structure is known and the
equilibrium equations can be written. For a frame with subjected to lateral force , they are

6 6
[6 6 ]{ } { }
6 6
First Partition as:
6 6
ℎ3
[6 6 ] [ ]
6 6
Name: Rolly S. Tambe Assignment No: 1

Subject: CE 225- Structural Dynamics Date Submitted: October 3, 2020

Where

[ ]

[6 6 ]

*6 +
6

Then compute the lateral stiffness from

Since

6
* +
6
* 6 +
3 6
We get:
6 6
[6 6 ] * + * +
3 6 6
6 6
[6 6 ] * + * +
3 6 6
6 6
[6 6 ] * + * +
3 6 6
6 6
[6 6] * + * +
3 6 6
6 6
{ [6 6] * + * +}
3 6 6

{ [(6)(6) (6)( ) (6)( ) (6)(6)] *6+}

3 6
6
{ [3 3 ] * +}
3 6

{ [(3 )(6) (3 )(6)]}

3
( )
ℎ3