Chapter 8 - Circles

Chapter ( 8 ) Terms with respect to a Circle

Circles
သိထားသင့္သည့္ အေျခခံအခ်က္မ်ား
ေထာင့္မွန္ ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္မ်ား ( Complementary Angles )

𝛂�+ ϴ = 90˚ Diameter

ϴ = 𝛂� ၏ေထာင့္မွန္ ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္
𝛂� 𝛂� = ϴ ၏ေထာင့္မွန္ ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္ Tangent
ϴ

Radius = အခ်င္းှက္၊ diameter = အခ်င္း၊ Chord = ေလးၾကိဳး၊

ေထာင့္ေျဖာင့္ ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္မ်ား ( Supplementary Angles ) Secant = ှန္းျဖတ္မ်ဥ္း၊ Tangent = ှန္းထိမ်ဥ္း
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𝛂�+ ϴ = 180˚ Major Arc ( အှန္းပိုင္းၾကီး ) and Minor Arc ( အှန္းပိုင္းငယ္ )
ϴ = 𝛂� ၏ေထာင့္ေျဖာင့္ ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္ B
D
𝛂� ϴ 𝛂� = ϴ ၏ေထာင့္ေျဖာင့္ ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္
A

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Major Arc = Arc ACD , Minor Arc = Arc ABD

မ်ဥ္းျပဳိင္မ်ားၾကားရွိ ေထာင့္မ်ား
Corresponding angles လိုက္ဖက္ေထာင့္မ်ား C
ϴ3
ϴ1 = ϴ3 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ϴ4 ϴ2 Alternate angles သမသတ္ေထာင္မ်ား Concentric Circles and Congruent Circles
ϴ1 = ϴ4
ϴ1 Concentric Circles ( ဗဟိုတူစက္ှိုင္းမ်ား ) Congruent Circles ( ထပ္တူညီစက္ှိုင္းမ်ား )
Supplementary Angles ေထာင့္ေျဖာင့္ျဖည့္ဖက္ေထာင့္
ϴ1 + ϴ2 = 180˚
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Basic Proportionality Theorem ( ျပိဳင္်ဥ္းမ်ား၏ ျဖတ္ပိုင္မ်ား အခ်ဳိးတူျခင္း သီအိုရမ္ ) O O P

If l // m // n
A P
l 𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄 အေပၚပိုင္း -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
= =
𝐵𝐶 𝑄𝑅 ေအာက္ပိုင္း Internally Tangent Circles and Externally Tangent Circles
B Q
m 𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄 အေပၚပိုင္း
= = Internally Tangent Circles Externally Tangent Circles
n 𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑅 တစ္ခုလုံး
C R အတြင္းထိ ထိေနေသာ စက္ှိုင္းမ်ား အျပင္ထိ ထိေနေသာ စက္ှိုင္းမ်ား
𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄 တစ္ခုလုံး
= =
𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑅 ေအာက္ပိုင္း
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Similarity ( သ႑ာန္တူျခင္း ) ႏွင့္ Congruity ( ထပ္တူညီျခင္း )
O O P
သ႑ာန္တူျခင္းႏွင့္ထပ္တူညီျခင္းၾကား အဓိကျခားနားခ်က္ P

Similarity ( သ႑ာန္တူျခင္း ) Congruity ( ထပ္တူညီျခင္း ) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ပုံစံတူ အရြယ္မတူ ပုံစံတူ အရြယ္တူ Some important Properties of a Circle
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုတြင္
ႀတိဂံမ်ား သ႑ာန္တူျခင္း ႏွင့္ ထပ္တူညီျခင္း 1. ဗဟိုမွ ေလးၾကိဳးမ်ဥ္းတစ္ေၾကာင္းေပၚသို႔ ေထာင့္မွန္က်ဆက္ဆြဲေသာမ်ဥ္းသည္ အဆိုပါ
ႀတိဂံမ်ား သ႑ာန္တူျခင္းအတြက္ အဓိကစည္းမ်ည္း ၂ ခု ေလးၾကိဳးကို ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းသည္။
1. AAA Theorem ( သုံးေထာင့္တူ သ႑ာန္တူ စည္းမ်ဥ္း )
2. ဗဟိုမွ ေလးၾကိဳးမ်ဥ္းတစ္ေၾကာင္းေပၚသို ႔ ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းဆက္ဆြဲေသာမ်ဥ္းသည္ အဆိုပါ
2. AA Corollary ( ႏွစ္ေထာင့္တူ သ႑ာန္တူ စည္းမ်ဥ္း )
ေလးၾကိဳးကို ေထာင့္မွန္က်သည္။
3. SSS Theorem ( သုံးနားအခ်ဳိးတူ သ႑ာန္တူ စည္းမ်ဥ္း )
3. ေလးၾကိဳးမ်ဥ္းတစ္ေၾကာင္းေပၚသို႔ ေထာင့္မွန္က်ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းေအာင္ဆက္ဆြဲထားေသာ
4. SAS Theorem ( ႏွစ္နားအခ်ဳိးတူ ၾကားေထာင့္တူ သ႑ာန္တူ စည္းမ်ဥ္း )
မ်ဥ္းသည္ ဗဟိုကို ျဖတ္သြားသည္။
မွတ္ခ်က္
ႀတိဂံမ်ားသ႑ာန္တူရာတြင္ ေထာင့္မ်ားသာညီၿပီး အနားမ်ားမွာမညီပဲ အခ်ဳိးတူျခင္းကိုသာ ေထာင့္မွန္၊ ထက္ှက္၊ ဗဟိုျဖတ္
ရည္ညႊန္းပါသည္။ ေထာင့္မ်ားေရာအနားမ်ားပါညီပါက ထပ္တူညီျခင္း ျဖစ္သြားပါသည္။
စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုတည္းတြင္ ( သို႔ ) အရြယ္တူစက္ှိုင္းမ်ားတြင္
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4. ဗဟိုမွအကြာအေှးတူေသာ ေလးႀကိဳးမ်ား အလ်ားတူသည္။
ႀတိဂံမ်ား ထပ္တူညီျခင္းအတြက္ အဓိကစည္းမ်ည္း ၂ ခု
5. အလ်ားတူေသာ ေလးႀကိဳးမ်ား ဗဟိုမွအကြာအေှးတူသည္။
1. ASA Theorem ( ႏွစ္ေထာင့္တူၾကားနားတူ ထပ္တူညီစည္းမ်ဥ္း )
6. အလ်ားပိုရွည္ေသာေလးႀကိဳးသည္ ဗဟိုႏွင့္ပိုနီးသည္။
2. RHS/RHL Theorem ( ေထာင့္မွန္၊ေထာင့္မွန္ခံအနား၊က်န္တစ္နား ထပ္တူညီျခင္း )
ပိုရွည္ရင္ပိုနီးမယ္၊ ပိုတိုရင္ပိုေှးမယ္။
3. SSS Theorem ( သုံးနားတူ ထပ္တူညီစည္းမ်ဥ္း )
4. SAS Theorem ( ႏွစ္နားတူၾကားေထာင့္တူ ထပ္တူညီစည္းမ်ဥ္း ) ကြာေှးတူရင္ လ်ားတူမွတ္၊ အလ်ားခ်င္းအတူတူ ဗဟိုကြာေှး အတူတူ

မွတ္ခ်က္ အလ်ားပိုျပီးရွည္ေနက ဗဟိုပိုနီး မွတ္လိုက္ၾက

ႀတိဂံမ်ားထပ္တူညီရာတြင္ ေထာင့္မ်ားေရာအနားမ်ားပါညီျခင္းကို ရည္ညႊန္းပါသည္။

စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုတြင္
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7. စက္ှိုင္းႏႈတ္ခမ္းေပၚ၌ အခ်င္းှက္မ်ဥ္းႏွင့္ ေထာင္မွန္က်ေအာင္ ဆဲေ
ြ သာမ်ဥ္းသည္
ႀတိဂံတစ္ခုရွိ မ်ဥ္းသုံးမ်ဳိး
tangent မ်ဥ္းျဖစ္သည္။
1. Altitude ( အျမင့္မ်ဥ္း )
ႀတိဂံ၏ ေထာင့္တစ္ခုမွ မ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္အနားေပၚသို႔ ေထာင့္မွန္က်ဆြဲေသာမ်ဥ္း 8. tangent မ်ဥ္းသည္ အခ်င္းှက္မ်ဥ္းႏွင့္ အျမဲ ေထာင့္မွန္က်သည္။

2. Median ( အလယ္မ်ဥ္း ) 9. Tangent မ်ဥ္းႏွင့္ ေထာင့္မွန္က်ဆြထ

ဲ ားေသာမ်ဥ္းသည္ ဗဟိုကို ျဖတ္သြားသည္။
ႀတိဂံ၏မ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္အနားကို ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းေအာင္ဆြဲေသာမ်ဥ္း
Radius ႏွင့္ ေထာင့္မွန္မွာ Tangent မ်ဥ္း ျဖစ္လာ
3. Bisector ( ေထာင့္ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းမ်ဥ္း ) Tangent - အခ်င္းှက္ ဆုံေနက အျမဲ ေထာင့္မွန္က်
ႀတိဂံ၏ ေထာင့္တစ္ခုကိုထက္ ှက္ပိုင္းျပီး မ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္အနားေပၚသို႔ဆေ
ြဲ သာမ်ဥ္း Tangent ေထာင့္မွန္မ်ဥ္းေလးဟာ ဗဟိုျဖတ္သြားတာ

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 1

Chapter 8 - Circles
10. အျပင္ထိ ထိေနေသာ စက္ှိုင္းႏွစ္ခု၏ ဗဟိုႏွစ္ခုကို ဆက္ဆေ
ြဲ သာမ်ဥ္းသည္ Corollary - 1.4.
ှန္းထိမွတ္ကို ျဖတ္သြားသည္။ စက္ှိုင္းတြင္းက်စတုဂံတစ္ခု၏အနားတစ္ဖက္ကိုဆက္ဆ၍
ြဲ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာေသာအျပင္ေထာင့္
သည္ အတြင္းမ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ေထာင့္ႏွင့္ တန္ဖိုးတူသည္။
စက္ှိုင္းႏွစ္ခု အျပင္ထိက ဗဟိုဆက္ဆြဲ ှန္းထိက်

11. စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခု၏ အျပင္မွတ္တစ္ခုမွ အဆိုပါစက္ှိုင္းသို႔ ဆက္ဆေ

ြဲ သာ 
C -1.4 - အနားတစ္ဖက္ဆက္ဆြက
ဲ
ှန္းထိမ်ဥ္းႏွစ္ေၾကာင္း အလ်ားတူသလို အဆိုပါအမွတ္မွ ဗဟိုမွတ္သို႔ ဆက္ဆေ
ြဲ သာမ်ဥ္း =
အတြင္းမ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ ေထာင့္တူရ
သည္ အဆိုပါှန္းမ်ဥ္း ႏွစ္ေၾကာင္း ဆုံရာအမွတ္ကို ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းသည္။

အျပင္မွတ္ ှန္းထိဆြတ
ဲ ဲ့ခါ ှန္းထိမ်ဥ္းမ်ား အလ်ားတူပါ
ဗဟိုဆက္ျပီး မ်ဥ္းဆြက
ဲ ှန္းထိေထာင့္ရဲ႕ ထက္ှက္ရ
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ပိုင္းေထာင့္ႏွစ္ခု တူတူျပ
Theorem - 2.
စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုတည္း ( သို႔ ) အရြယ္တူစက္ှိုင္း ၀ ခု၏ ဗဟိုခံေဆာင္ေထာင့္တန္ဖိုးမ်ား
ေထာင့္မွန္၊ ထက္ှက္၊ ဗဟိုျဖတ္
တူပါက အဆိုပါေထာင့္မ်ားက ခံေဆာင္ေသာ အှန္းပိုင္းမ်ား တန္ဖိုးတူသည္။
ကြာေှးတူရင္ လ်ားတူမွတ္။
အျပန္အလွန္အားျဖင့္ အှန္းပိုင္းမ်ားတန္ဖိုးတူပါကဗဟိုခံေဆာင္ေထာင့္မ်ားတန္ဖိုးတူသည္
အလ်ားခ်င္းအတူတူ ဗဟိုကြာေှး အတူတူ
အလ်ားပိုျပီးရွည္ေနက ဗဟိုပိုနီး မွတ္လိုက္ၾက။
Corollary - 2.1.
Radius ႏွင့္ ေထာင့္မွန္မွာ Tangent မ်ဥ္း ျဖစ္လာ
စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုတည္း ( သို႔ ) အရြယ္တူစက္ှိုင္း ၀ ခု၏ အှန္းခံေဆာင္ေထာင့္တန္ဖိုးမ်ား
Tangent - အခ်င္းှက္ ဆုံေနက အျမဲ ေထာင့္မွန္က်။
တူပါက အဆိုပါေထာင့္မ်ားက ခံေဆာင္ေသာ အှန္းပိုင္းမ်ား တန္ဖိုးတူသည္။
Tangent ေထာင့္မွန္မ်ဥ္းေလးဟာ ဗဟိုျဖတ္သြားတာ
အျပန္အလွန္အားျဖင့္ အှန္းပိုင္းမ်ား တန္ဖိုးတူပါက အှန္း’ခံေဆာင္ေထာင့္မ်ား တန္ဖိုး
စက္ှိုင္းႏွစ္ခု အျပင္ထိက ဗဟိုဆက္ဆြဲ ှန္းထိက်။
တူသည္။
အျပင္မွတ္ ှန္းထိဆြတ
ဲ ဲ့ခါ ှန္းထိမ်ဥ္းမ်ား အလ်ားတူပါ
ဗဟိုဆက္ျပီး မ်ဥ္းဆြက
ဲ ှန္းထိေထာင့္ရဲ႕ ထက္ှက္ရ ဗဟိုေထာင့္တူက ှန္းတူရ ( T.2 )၊ ှန္းေထာင့္တူလည္း ှန္းတူျပ ( C.2.1 )
ပိုင္းေထာင့္ႏွစ္ခု တူတူျပ။ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theorem - 3.
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စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုတည္း ( သို႔ ) အရြယ္တူစက္ှိုင္း ၀ ခု၏ ေလးၾကိဳးႏွစ္ေၾကာင္းအလ်ားမ်ား
Theorem - 1.
တူပါက အဆိုပါေလးၾကိဳးမ်ားကခံေဆာင္ေသာအှန္းပိုင္းမ်ား တန္ဖိုးတူသည္။
စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခု၏ စက္ှန္းပိုင္းတစ္ခုေပၚသို႔ ဗဟိုမွခံေဆာင္ေသာ ေထာင့္ပမာဏသည္
အျပန္အလွန္အားျဖင့္ အှန္းပိုင္းမ်ားတန္ဖိုးတူပါက အဆိုပါအှန္းပိုင္းမ်ားကခံေဆာင္ေသာ
အဆိုပါ စက္ှန္းပိုင္းေပၚသို႔ အျခားစက္ှန္းပိုင္းေပၚမွခံေဆာင္ေသာ ေထာင့္ပမာဏ၏
ေလးၾကိဳးမ်ား အလ်ားတူသည္။
ႏွစ္ဆ ျဖစ္သည္။
T - 3 ေလးၾကိဳးႏွစ္ေၾကာင္းအလ်ားတူက စက္ှန္းအလ်ားမ်ား တူတူရ
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theorem - 4.
 = 2 T.1 - ှန္းေထာင့္ႏွစ္ဆ ဗဟိုျပ
 စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခု၏ ေလးၾကိဳးတစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ Tangent မ်ဥ္တစ္ခု ၾကားရွိ ေထာင့္သည္

အဆိုပါေလးၾကိဳးမွ က်န္စက္ှန္းပိုင္းေပၚ ခံေဆာင္သည့္ အတြင္းမ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ေထာင့္ႏွင့္
ပမာဏ တူညီသည္။
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corollary - 1.1. 
စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခု၏ စက္ှန္းပိုင္းတစ္ခုတည္းေပၚသို႔ အျခားစက္ှန္းပိုင္းေပၚမွခံေဆာင္ေသာ
ေထာင့္မ်ား တစ္ခုႏွင့္တစ္ခု ပမာဏ တူညီၾကသည္။




= C 1.1 - အှန္းတူက ေထာင့္တူရ = T - 4 Tangent ေလးႀကိဳးဆုံေနက ၾကားေထာင့္-ႀတိဂံ ေထာင့္တူရ
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theorem - 5.
စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခု၏ ေလးၾကိဳးႏွစ္ေၾကာင္း တစ္ခုႏွင့္တစ္ခုပိုင္းျဖတ္သည့္အခါ ရလာေသာ
Theorem 7 - Corollary 1.1 ေျပာင္းျပန္ → 7.1.1
ျဖတ္ပိုင္းႏွစ္ခု၏ ေျမွာက္လဒ္မ်ား တူညီသည္။
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corollary - 1.2. A
စက္ှိုင္းျခမ္းတစ္ခုအတြင္းရွိ ေထာင့္သည္ အျမဲတမ္း 90 ရွိသည္။ D

P
B
 C

  = 90˚ C 1.2 - စက္ှိုင္းျခမ္းဆို ေထာင့္မွန္ျပ

PA.PB = PC.PD T - 5 ေလးႀကိဳးႏွစ္ေၾကာင္းျဖတ္တဲ့ခါ ျဖတ္ပိုင္းေျမွာက္လဒ္တူတယ္ဗ်ာ
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theorem 8 – Corollary 1.2 ေျပာင္းျပန္ → 8.1.2 Theorem - 6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- အျပင္မွတ္တစ္ခုမွ စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုသို႔ ှန္းထိ ( Tangent ) မ်ဥ္းတစ္ေၾကာင္း ှန္းျဖတ္
Corollary - 1.3. ( Secant ) မ်ဥ္းတစ္ေၾကာင္း ဆြပ
ဲ ါက ှန္းျဖတ္မ်ဥ္း၏ တစ္ခုလုံးႏွင့္ အျပင္ျဖတ္ပိုင္းေျမွာက္
စက္ှိုင္းတြင္းက် စတုဂံတစ္ခု၏ အတြင္းမ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ေထာင့္တစ္စုံေပါင္းလဒ္သည္ လဒ္သည္ ှန္းထိမ်ဥ္းအလ်ား ႏွစ္ထပ္တန္ဖိုးႏွင့္ ညီသည္။
အျမဲတမ္း 180 ရွိသည္။
T
2
PA.PB = PT

 +  = 180˚ P 2
အျပင္ပိုင္း x တစ္ခုလုံး = ( ှန္းထိ )
β Φ C 1.3 - အတြင္းစုံေပါင္းရင္္ မွန္ႏွစ္ဆ B
β + Φ = 180˚
A T - 6 ှန္းထိ ှန္းျဖတ္ဆိုပါက ှန္းထိ ႏွစ္ထပ္ျပ


Theorem 9 – Corollary 1.3 ေျပာင္းျပန္ → 9.1.3 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 2

Chapter 8 - Circles
Corollary 6.1 Example 1. Two unequal circles are tangent externally at O. AB is a chord of
အျပင္မွတ္တစ္ခုမွ စက္ှိုင္းတစ္ခုသို႔ ှန္းျဖတ္ ( Secant ) မ်ဥ္းႏွစ္ေၾကာင္း ဆြပ
ဲ ါက the first circle. AB is tangent to the second circle at C, and AO meets this
ှန္းျဖတ္မ်ဥ္းႏွစ္ေၾကာင္း၏ တစ္ခုလုံးႏွင့္ အျပင္ျဖတ္ပိုင္းေျမွာက္လဒ္မ်ား ညီသည္။ circle at E. Prove that ∠ BOC = ∠ COE.
Solution
C

D Given: unequal ⨀s, ⨀P and ⨀Q

P are tangent externally at O.
B E
A P O AB is a chord of ⨀P and is
A
Q ⨀Q at C .
tangent to
β
AO meets ⨀Q at E
PA.PB = PC.PD
B γ
D
C
အျပင္ပိုင္း x တစ္ခုလုံး = အျပင္ပိုင္း x တစ္ခုလုံး Prove: ∠ BOC = ∠ COE
T - 7 ှန္းျဖတ္ ှန္းျဖတ္ စက္ှိုင္းမွာ ေျမွာက္လဒ္ႏွစ္ခုဟာ
အျပင္ပိုင္းတစ္ခုလုံးတြေ
ဲ ပးက တန္ဖိုးတူတူရ Proof: Draw a common tangent at O to cuts BC at D.
= ∠ A ( Th.4 ) ← ( 1 )
Theorem - 10. Corollary 6.1 ေျပာင္းျပန္ → 10.6.1
OD = CD ( tangent from point D to ⨀Q )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theorem - 1 ှန္းေထာင့္ႏွစ္ဆ ဗဟိုျပ
∴ β = γ← ( 2 )
∠ A + γ = ∠ COE
In ∆ AOC ,
Corollary 1.1 အှန္းတူက ေထာင့္တူရ ⇌ Theorem - 7 7.1.1
∠A+γ
If ( 1 ) + ( 2 ) ,  + β =
Corollary 1.2 စက္ှိုင္းျခမ္းဆို ေထာင့္မွန္ျပ ⇌ Theorem - 8 8.1.2 ∠ BOC = ∠ COE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corollary 1.3 အတြင္းစုံေပါင္းရင္္ မွန္ႏွစ္ဆ ⇌ Theorem - 9 9.1.3
Exercise 8.1
အနားတစ္ဖက္ဆက္ဆက
ြဲ
Corollary 1.4 1. In ⨀S, AB and BC are equal chords, SV ⊥ AB, and SU ⊥ BC. Prove that B
အတြင္းမ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ေထာင့္တူရ
is the midpoint of arc VU.
Theorem - 2 ဗဟိုေထာင့္တူက ှန္းတူရ U
Corollary 2.1 ှန္းေထာင့္တူလည္း ှန္းတူျပ B C
ဗဟိုမွ ေလးၾကိဳးမ်ဥ္းတစ္ေၾကာင္းေပၚသို႔
ေလးၾကိဳးႏွစ္ေၾကာင္းအလ်ားတူက ေထာင့္မွန္က် ဆက္ဆဲြေသာမ်ဥ္းသည္
Theorem - 3 V
S
စက္ှန္းအလ်ားမ်ား တူတူရ အဆိုပါေလးၾကိဳးကိုေရာစက္ှန္းပိုင္းကိုပါ
ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းသည္။
Tangent ေလးႀကိဳးဆုံေနက
Theorem - 4 A
ၾကားေထာင့္-ႀတိဂံ ေထာင့္တူရ Solution

ေလးႀကိဳးႏွစ္ေၾကာင္းျဖတ္တဲ့ခါ Given: In ⨀S, AB = BC , SV ⊥ AB, SU ⊥ BC.

Theorem - 5
ျဖတ္ပိုင္းေျမွာက္လဒ္တူတယ္ဗ်ာ Prove: B is the midpoint of arc VU.
Proof: AB = BC ( Given )
ှန္းထိှန္းျဖတ္ဆိုပါကှန္းထိ၂ထပ္ျပ Arc AVB = Arc BUC ( Theorem 3 )
Theorem - 6
2
အျပင္ပိုင္း x တစ္ခုလုံး = ( ှန္းထိ ) ∴ Arc AV + Arc VB = Arc BU + Arc UC

ှန္းျဖတ္ ှန္းျဖတ္ စက္ှိုင္းမွာ SV and SU are radii of ⨀S

ေျမွာက္လဒ္ႏွစ္ခုဟာ Arc AV = Arc VA ( ∵ SV ⊥ AB )
Corollary 6.1
အျပင္ပိုင္း - တစ္ခုလုံးတြဲေပးက
⇌ Theorem - 10 10.6.1
Arc BU = Arc UC ( ∵ SU ⊥ BC )
တန္ဖိုးတူတူရ ∴ Arc VB + Arc VB = Arc BU + Arc BU
2Arc VB = 2Arc BU and Arc VB = Arc BU
∴ B is the midpoint of arc VU.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Given: ⨀M, AB = CD
Prove: ∆ DBE is isosceles with base BD

D
A

M
E
M
C
B

Solution
Given: ⨀M, AB = CD
Prove: ∆ DBE is isosceles with base BD

β A

M
E
 M
C
B

Proof: Arc ACB + Arc CAD ( ∵ AB = CD and The 3 )

Arc BC + Arc CA = Arc DA + Arc CA
Arc BC = Arc DA
∴ Β =  and ∆ DBE is isosceles with base BD

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 3

 Chapter 8 - Circles
3. ⨀H with diameter CI, CA//HN.Prove that arc AN = arc NI. Proof: Join PA,PO, QO and QB.
A N ⨀P ≅ ⨀Q
∴ PA = PO = QO = QB = radius
∠ A = β , ∠ B =  ( alternate angles )
C I
H Radius PO and QO meet at O.
M P,O and Q are collinear.
∴=β
Solution
∴∠A=∠B
Given: OH with diameter CI, CA//HN
Prove: arc AN = arc NI.
∴ AP // BQ
A N ∴∠P=∠Q
1 
∴ ∆APO ≅ ∆BQO ( By SAS Congruity )

2
3
∴ OA = OB
C I
H
M အကယ္၍ ပုစာၦတြင္ AOB သည္ collinear ျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေပးလာပါက

ဥပမာ - Circles P and Q are congruent and tangent externally at O.

Proof: Join CN.
If A,O and B are cillinear , prove that OA = OB
2 = 3 ( ∵ CH = NH = radius )
Solution
1 = 3 ( ∵ CA//HN )
Given: ⨀P ≅ ⨀Q and tangent externally at O. A,O and B are cillinear
∴ 1 = 2 Prove: OA = OB
C B
∴ arc AN = arc NI.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
β
4. Given: ⨀O with AB = AD and AC is a diameter. Prove BC = CD. P O
 Q
B M
M

A D
A C
O Proof: Join AC,OC, BD and OB. Draw a common tangent at O.
M =β ( vartically opposite angles )

D
= ∠C ,β=∠D ( By Theorem 4 )
Solution ∠C=∠D
Given: ⨀O with AB = AD and AC is a diameter. ∴ OA = OB
Prove BC = CD -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B 6. In each of the figures, find x and y
(a)

A C B
O
x 125˚
In ⨀O , AD is a diameter.
M
y
∴ x = 90˚
A D
D O ABCD is concyclic ( or ) A,B,C and D are cyclic.
Proof: AB = AD ( Given ) M y + 125˚ = 180˚
AC = AC ( Common Side ) y = 55˚
∠ ABC = ∠ ADC = 90˚ ( AC is Diameter and By Corollary 1.2 )
In right triangles ABC and ADC (b)
2 2 2 2 2
AB + BC = AD + CD = AC C
2
AB + BC = AB + CD
2 2 2
( ∵ AB = AD ) 
∴ y + 36˚ = 180˚
P y = 144 ˚
2 2 y x D
BC = CD
B β ∴  = 36˚ ( ∵ AB = BC )
BC = CD
β = 180˚ – 2( 36˚ ) = 180˚ – 72˚ = 108˚
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36˚
β + x = 180˚ ( ABCD is concyclic )
5. Circles P and Q are congruent and tangent externally at O.
A x = 180˚ –108˚= 72˚
Prove that OA = OB

B (c)

Q
P O P
M x y
Q
M 
X 2y = 80˚ ( By Theorem 1 )
A R 20˚ 80˚ y = 40˚
S
Solution O  = 20˚ + 80˚ = 100˚

Given: ⨀P ≅ ⨀Q and tangent externally at O. x + y = 100˚

Prove: OA = OB x = 100˚ – y = 100˚ – 40˚ = 60˚

B

P β
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
O
M  Q
M

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 4

Chapter 8 - Circles
7. VWXYZ is a semicircle, V and Z being the extremities of the diameter and 9. In the figure PQ is parallel to RS and
W,X,Y being any points on the arc Prove that ∠ VWX+ ∠ XYZ = three rt. ∠s. ∠ PAB = ∠ MBA. Prove PQ = RS = MN.
X Q
A
W P
Y

M
S
V O Z
R B
Solution N

Given: Semicircle VWXYZ with center O . Diameter VZ Solution

Prove: ∠ VWX+ ∠ XYZ = three rt. ∠s Given: PQ // RS , ∠ PAB = ∠ MBA.
Prove: PQ = RS = MN.
X

W
β Y Q
A A Q
 P β1 Β2 P Β2
β1

V O Z
M 1 γ
2 M 1
Proof: Join VY. S 2
VZ is a diameter. R B B
N N
 = 90˚ ( Corollary 1.2 ) အမွန္တကယ္ ဆြဲရမည့္ပုံ ျမင္ရမည့္ပုံ
∠VWX + β = 180˚ ( Corollary 1.3 )
Proof: ( i ) 1 = β1 ( Given )
∠VWX + β +  = 180˚+ 90˚
Arc MPA = Arc PMB
∠ VWX+ ∠ XYZ = 270˚ = three rt. ∠s
Arc MP + Arc PA = Arc MP + Arc MB
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arc PA = Arc MB
8.In the figure PST and PQR are any two secants drawn from P to the circle.
PA = MB ( ( Theorem 3 )
Prove the following pairs of triangles equiangular:
Similarly , 2 = β2
(a)SOT,QOR (b)SOQ,TOR; (c) PSR,PQT; (d) PSQ, PRT.
AQ = NB
R ∴ PA + AQ = MB + NB and PQ = MN
Q
( ii ) Join PR and QS Q
P O A
∠ Q + γ = 180˚ P
S ∠ P = γ ( Corollary 1.4 )
T ∠ Q + ∠ P = 180˚ γ
∴ PR // QS S

Solution R B
PQ // RS ( Given )
R
( a ) In ∆SOT and ∆ QOR PQSR is a parallelogram. ျမင္ရမည့္ပုံ

β1
1 = 2 ( Corollary 1.1 ) ∴ PQ = RS
Q
1 ϴ
1
β1 = β2 ( Corollary 1.1 ) From ( i ) and ( ii ) ,
P O PQ = RS = MN.
ϴ2 ϴ1 = ϴ2 ( Vertically opposite Angles )
2
S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Β2
∴ ∆SOT and ∆ QOR are
14. Through the points of intersection of two circles two straight lines AB and
T equiangulars.
CD are drawn meeting one circle at A, C and the other at B, D.
Prove AC // BD.
R ( b ) In ∆SOQ and ∆ TOR
Solution
2 1 =2 ( Corollary 1.1 ) B
Q P
Given: Two circles intersect at P and Q
1 O β1 = β2 ( Corollary 1.1 ) A
P ϴ1 ϴ2 two straight lines APB and CQD
β1
ϴ1 = ϴ2 ( Vertically opposite Angles ) Proof: AC // BD
S Β2 C
∴ ∆SOQ and ∆ TOR are Prove: Join PQ. 
T ∠ A =  ( Corollary 1.4 )
equiangulars. Q
∠ B +  = 180˚( Corollary 1.3 ) D
R
( c ) In ∆PSR and ∆PQT ∠ A + ∠ B = 180˚
Q β1 ∠P = ∠P ( Common Angle ) ∴ AC // BD
1
β1 = β2 ( Corollary 1.1 ) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P O
2 10. ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle whose centre is O, and OD is the
∴ 1 = 2
S Β2 perpendicular drown O to BC. Prove ∠ BOD = ∠ BAC.
T
∴ ∆PSR and ∆PQT are Solution
equiangulars. Given: ABC is a inscribed triangle in ⨀O ,
A
R BC ⊥ OD
( d ) In ∆PSQ and ∆PRT Prove: ∠ BOD = ∠ BAC
Q Β2 E
1
∠P = ∠P ( Common Angle ) O O Proof: Join OC.
P O β1 = β2 ( Corollary 1.4 ) In rt. ∆s BOD and COD
β1  β
S 2 1 = 2 ( Corollary 1.4 ) OA = OC = radius
B D C
OD = OD ( common side )
T ∴ ∆PSQ and ∆PRT are
equiangulars.
∠ BDO = ∠ CDO = 90˚

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 5

Chapter 8 - Circles
∆ BOD ≅ ∆ COD ( R.H.L ) 16. In the figure PT is a tangent at P and PC a
D
= β chord. If B is the middle point of arc PBC, prove
+ β = 2∠ BAC that (a) PB bisects ∠ CPT , C

2 = 2 ∠ BAC (b) the perpendiculars from B to the tangent and

 = ∠ BAC the chord are equal.

∠ BOD = ∠ BAC Solution B

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Given: PT is a tangent at P .

11. Two circles intersect at M, N and from M diameters MA, MB are drawn in PC a chord. T
P
each circle. If A, B be joined to N, prove ANB a straight line B is the middle point of arc PBC,

Solution Proof: ( a ) PB bisects ∠ CPT ,

Given: Two circles intersect at M, N ( b ) the perpendiculars from B to the tangent and the chord are equal.
M Prove: ( a ) Join BC.
MA and MB are diameter
Prove: ANB is a straight line B is the middle point of arc PBC C

Proof: MA and MB are diameter PB = BC ( ∵ Arc PB = Arc BC )

 = β = 90˚ ( Corollary 1.2 ) = ∠C ( Theorem 3 )
 β
 + β = 180˚ A
β= ∠C ( Theorem 4 )
N C B
∴ ANB is a straight line =β 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ∴ PB bisects ∠ CPT β
T
P
12. Two circles are drawn intersecting at A, B, and so that the circumference
of each passes through the centre of the other. Through A a line is drawn ( b ) Draw BA ⊥ PC and BD ⊥ PT
In rt. ∆ PAB and ∆ PDB C
meeting the circumference at C, D respectively. Prove ∆ BCD equilateral.
စက္ှိုင္း ၀ ခု တစ္ခုဗဟိုကို တစ္ခုျဖတ္ရန္မွာ အရြယ္တူစက္ှိုင္းျဖစ္မွသာ ရပါမည္။ ∠A=∠D
Solution =β ( proved )
C A
Given: ⨀O ≅ ⨀P , intersect at A and B
A
∴ 1 = β1 1 B
D  Β1
and each passes through the centre PB = PB ( common side )
β
of the other. Line CAD meeting the ∆ PAB ≅ ∆ PDB ( SAS ) T
P D
O

P
the two ⨀s at C and D. β ∴ AB = BD
Prove: ∆ BCD is an equilateral. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proof: Join AO,AP,BO,BP and OP. 17.Two circles intersect at A, B. At A a tangent is drawn to each circle meeting
AO = AP = OP = radius. B the circles again at P and Q respectively. Prove that ∠ ABP = ∠ ABQ
∆ AOP is an equilateral Solution
∴  = 60˚ Given: Two circles intersect at A, B.

Similarly , β = 60˚ Tangent lines PA and QA

A
In ⨀P , (  + β ) = 2∠D ( Theorem 1 ) Proof: ∠ ABP = ∠ ABQ 1 β1

120˚ = 2 ∠D and ∠D = 60˚ Prove: 1 = β1

Similarly , ∠C = 60˚ 1 = 2 ( Theorem 4 )

2
∴ ∠CBD = 60˚ β1 = β2 ( Theorem 4 )
Β2
Q
∴ ∆ BCD is an equilateral. ∴ 2 = β2 and ∠ ABP = ∠ ABQ
P B

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. OA and OB are two radii of a circle meeting at right angles. From A,B two
18.Two circles touch (externally or internally) at P and through P two straight
parallel chords AX, BY are drawn. Prove AY ⊥ BX
lines AB, CD are drawn meeting one circle at A, C and the other at B, D
Solution
respectively Prove that AC and DB are parallel..
Given: In ⨀O , OA = OB = radius , OA ⊥ OB. X Solution
A
Proof: AY ⊥ BX  Given: Two circles touch (externally or internally) at P and through P two
Prove: ∠ AOB = 90˚ ( ∵ OA ⊥ OB )  straight lines AB, CD are drawn meeting one circle at A, C and the
1
∠X=∠Y= ∠ AOB = 45˚ O other at B and D respectively
2
Proof: AC // DB
∠ Y =  = 45˚ ( ∵ AX // BY ) Y
Prove: ( I ) externally tangent case
= ∠ X +  = 45˚+45˚= 90˚ B T
Draw a common tangent of
∴ AY ⊥ BX
the two ⨀s at P D
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A
1 = 2 2
15. Draw a circle and a tangent TAS meeting it at A. Draw a chord AB making
P
( vertically opposite angles )
∠TAB= 60° and another chord BC // TS. Prove that ∆ ABC is equilateral.
Solution 1 =∠A , 2 =∠B ( The - 4 ) 1
A C
Given: ⨀O and tangent TAS at A. T S ∠A = ∠B
 B
∠TAB= 60° and BC // TS ∴ AC // DB
Proof: ∆ ABC is equilateral
Prove: ∠TAB = 60° O ( I ) internally tangent case T
∠TAB = ∠ C = 60° ( Theorem 4 ) B C
Draw a common tangent of D
∠TAB = ∠ B = 60° ( BC // TS ) the two ⨀s at P C
1
∴  = 60° In smaller ⨀ , 1 = 2 ( Theorem 4 ) P

∴ ∆ ABC is equilateral In larger ⨀ , 1 = ∠ B ( Theorem 4 ) 2

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 = ∠B A
∴ AC // DB B

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 6

Chapter 8 - Circles
19. POR is a triangle inscribed in a circle. The tangent at P meets RQ Solution
produced at T, and PC bisecting ∠ RPQ meets side RQ at C. Prove ∆ TPC Given: Two unequal circles are tangent internally at A;
isosceles. Proof: AD bisects ∠ BAC. T
Solution Prove: Draw A common tangent at A and join DE.
Given: Inscribed ∆ POR of a circle. In smaller ⨀ , δ = ϴ ( Theorem 4 ) C
R E
Tangent PT and RQ produced In larger ⨀ , δ = ∠B ( Theorem 4 ) δ
β2
meet at T. ∴ ϴ = ∠B A 1
C 2
PC bisecting ∠ RPQ meets In smaller ⨀ , β1 = β2 ( Theorem 4 )
ϴ
β1 D
side RQ at C.
Q ∴ 1 = 2 in ∆ABD and ∆AED
Proof: ∆ TPC is isosceles B
Prove: 2 = 1 (∵PC bisect ∠ RPQ ) 1 ∴ AD bisects ∠ BAC.
2 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ϴ = ∠ R ( Theorem 4 ) ϴ
Example 1. Two chords of a circle, AB and CD, intersect at right-angles at K.
ϴ + 2 = 1 + ∠ R T P
If AK = 6 cm , CK = 3cm and KD = 4cm, find KB. If E is the midpoint of KD
∠ TPC = ∠ TCP and AE is produced to meet the circle again at F , show that AE = 4EF.
∴ ∆ TPC is isosceles Solution
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AK = 6 cm , CK = 3cm , KD = 4cm
20. If A, B, C are three points on the circumference of a circle such that the AK.KB = CK.KD
D
chord AB is equal to the chord AC, prove that the tangent at A bisects the 6 KB = 3 x 4 = 12 and KB = 2
exterior angle between AB and AC. E is the midpoint of KD. 2 F
Solution 1 E
∴ KE = ED = ( 4 ) = 2
Given: Chord AB = chord AC , Tangent AT 1 A 2
2
T CE = 3 + 2 = 5
Proof: Tangent AT bisects the exterior angle 2 3 A B
2 2 2 2 2
In rt. ∆ AKE, AE = AK + KE = 6 + 2 = 40 6 K
between AB and AC 3
Prove: 1 = 3 ( Vertically opposite angles ) AE = √40 = √4 x 10 = 2 √10
CE.ED = AE.EF
∠B=∠C ( ∵ AB = AC ) 2
C
5 x 2 = √10 = 2 √10 EF
∠ C = 2 , ∠ B = 3 ( Theorem 4 )
10 = 2 √10 EF
2 = 3 2
B C √10 = 2 √10 EF
∴ 1 = 2 √10 = 2EF
∴ Tangent AT bisects the exterior angle between AB and AC 2 √10 = 4EF
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AE = 4EF
21. PT is a tangent and PQR is a secant to a circle. A circle with T as centre -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and radius TQ meets QR again at S. Prove that ∠RTS =∠ RPT Example 2. A and B are two points on a circle 3 cm apart. The chord AB is
Solution produced to C making BC =1 cm. Find the length of the tangent from C to the
Given: Tangent PT and secant PQR of 1st ⨀ . circle. Ans : CT = 2 cm
Radius TQ and TS of 2 nd
⨀. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proof: ∠RTS =∠ RPT Exercise 8.2 A

Prove: In ∆ PRT , ∠ P + ∠R = ϴ 1. In the figure if D

In 1st ⨀, 1 = ϴ (a) AP = 10,PC=5.PD =6, find PB
R P
(b) AP = 10, PD = 6, DA = 12 , BC = 9,
∠ P + ∠R = 1 S
B
find AB and CD. C
In 2nd ⨀, 1 = 2 2
Q 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∠ P + ∠R = 2 ϴ 2. Find x in the following figures. A
P C
In ∆ RST , ∠ RTS + ∠R = 2 T
3
∠ P + ∠R = ∠ RTS + ∠R x
T 2
∠ P = ∠ RTS
D
∴ ∠RTS =∠ RPT 5
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B
22 Two circles cut at A, B The tangent to the first at A meets the second again
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
at C; and the tangent to the second at B meets the first again at D. Prove that
AD and CB are parallel. C
Solution
x
Given: Two circles cut at A and B.
1 A
D
Tangent of 1 ⨀ at A meets 2
st nd
at C.
P
Tangent of 2nd ⨀ at B meets 1st at D.
A 2
Proof: AD // CB 2 8
B
Prove: Join AB.
C -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In 1st ⨀ , 1 = 2 ( Theorem 4 ) B
B
In 2nd ⨀ , 2 = ∠C ( Theorem 4 ) 10
8 A 3
1 = ∠C
M
∴ AD // CB x
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C

23. Two unequal circles are tangent internally at A; BC, a chord of the larger D

circle, is tangent to the smaller circle at D; prove that AD bisects ∠ BAC. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 7

Chapter 8 - Circles
3. In the figure AC is tangent to the OABD CBD and DAE are straight lines. 1
AR + 2 =8
4
Find BD and AE using the given data in the figure. 1 3 23
AR = 8 – 2 =5 = = 5.75 cm
4 4 4
E
SR.BR = AR.PR
23
A 5 BR = ( 8 ) = 46
4
6 BR = 9.2 cm
2.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
C 6. ABCD is a square and E the middle point of CD. A circle drown through A,
B D 1
B and E meets BC at F. Prove CF = CB.
4
Solution
Solution
ABCD is a square
In smaller ⨀ , A B
CD = CB
2
AC = . CD E the mid-point of CD.
= 5 ( 5 + BD ) 1 1
CE = CD = CB
+ BD = 7.2 2 2
2
CF.CB = CE
BD = . F
1 2
In larger ⨀ , CF.CB = ( CB )
2
1 D E C
DA .DE = BD. . CF.CB = CB
2
4
2.4 ( 2.4 + AE ) = 7.2 ( 7.2 + ) 1
CF = CB
2.4 + AE = ( ) 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AE = .
7. In the figure, A is any point of L except T, the common point of tangency of
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AB AD
4. In the figure AT is a tangent segment; ABEF and BCD are straight lines, the circles. Prove that = .
AC AE E
(a) If AT = 6 cm , AB = BE = 2 cm , BC = 3 cm , then find EF and CD. Solution
(b) If CD=8 cm ,BC=7cm ,BE=2 cm , AB =4 cm, then find AT. 2
In smaller ⨀ , AT = AC.AD ← ( 1 )
D
Solution In smaller ⨀ , AT = AB.AE ← ( 2 )
2 T
(a) AT = 6cm, AB=BE = 2cm, BC = 3cm T
From ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , AC.AD = AB.AE
EF = ? , CD = ? AB AD C
∴ AC
=
AE
B
A
AE = AB+BE = 2 + =4
F E
2 A
AT = AE.AF B
C -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
6 = ( +EF )
8. M is the midpoint of a chord AB of a given circle: C is any point on the
36 = ( +EF )
major arc AB and CM meets the circle at D. The circle tangent to AB at A and
+EF = D
passes through C cuts CD at E. Prove that DM = ME.
EF =
Solution
BE = BE + EF = +5= .
Given: M is the midpoint of a chord AB of larger ⨀
BE.BF = BC.BD
AMB is a tangent of smaller ⨀
2. = 3 ( BC + )
Proof: DM = ME
= 3 ( BC + )
Prove: M is the midpoint of AB
BC + = . C
AM = MB.
BC = .
In larger ⨀ , AM. MB = DM.MC
E
2
AM = DM.MC ( ∵ AM = MB )
(b) CD= 8cm ,BC= 7cm ,BE= 2cm , 2 B
T In smaller ⨀ , AM = ME.MC A M
AB = 4cm, AT = ?
DM.MC = ME.MC
BD = BC + = .+ = . D
DM = ME
F E -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A
B 9. Two circles intersect at A, B; X is any point on AB produced; a circle centre
C
X, cuts one circle at P, Q and the second circle at L, M, XP, XM cut the
circle PQA, LMA at S, T. Prove that PS = TM.
D
Solution
Given: Two circles intersect at A and B. A

X is a point on AB produced.
⨀ X cuts 1st ⨀ at P,Q and 2nd ⨀ at L and M
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- S L Q
T
5 XP cut the 1st ⨀ at S B
5. In parallelogram PQRS, PQ = 5 cm , PR =8 cm, QS = 6 cm.
XM cut 2nd ⨀the at T P
Calculate the lengths of AR and BR. S B R M
Proof: PS = TM
Solution X
Prove: In ⨀ X , XP = XM = radius
PQ = 5 cm , PR =8 cm, QS = 6 cm 3 A
In 1st ⨀ , XB.XA = XP.XS
PQRS is a parallelogram 4 O 3
In 2nd ⨀ , XB.XS = XM.XT = XP.XT
PQ = SR = 5 cm
1 1 P Q XP.XS = XP.XT
5
SO = OQ = SQ = (6)=3
2 2 XS = XT
1 1
PO = OR = PR = (8)=4 XP + PS = XM + TM = XP + TM
2 2 အနားျပိဳင္စတုဂံ၏ ဂုဏ္သတိၱ ၃ ခု
PO.OA = SO.OQ ဿ။ မ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ အနားႏွစ္ခု ျပိဳင္သည္။ ၀။ ညီသည္။ ∴ PS = TM
4OA = 3( 3 ) = 9 ၁။ ေထာင့္ျဖတ္အနားမ်ား တစ္ခုႏွင့္တစ္ခု ထက္ှက္ပိုင္းသည္။ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 ၂။ အတြင္းမ်က္ႏွာခ်င္းဆိုင္ ေထာင့္မ်ား ညီသည္။
OA = ၂။ အတြင္းကပ္လ်ွက္ေထာင့္ ၂ခုေပါင္းျခင္း 180˚ႏွင့္ ညီသည္။
4
AR + OA = OR

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 8

Chapter 8 - Circles
10. A brick 4 cm thick is placed so as to block a carriage wheel. If the distance 4.
of the brick from the point of contact of the wheel and the ground is 10 cm, Given: ABCD is a parallelogram; A circle through A, B cuts BC, AC, BD and AD
find the radius of the wheel. at H, Q, P, K D C

Solution Prove: ( a ) C, D, P, Q are concyclic.

Let the radius of the wheel = r O ( b ) C,D, H, K are concyclic. P
K
2 2 2 Proof: ( a ) ABCD is a parallelogram Q
r = 10 + ( r – 4 ) r
2 2
r–4 BM = MD , AM = MC M
r = 100 + r – 4r + 16
0 = 116 – 4r ABPQ is cyclic.
10cm H
4cm 4 BM.MP = AM.MQ
4r = 116
r = 29 MD.MP = MC.MQ
10cm ∴ C, D, P, Q are concyclic. A B
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D C
Example 1. From the figure with respective given measures of angles, prove
that BCEF is a cyclic quadrilateral. A
Solution ( b ) Join KH. K

Proof: ϴ = 85° +40° = 125° 40˚ ∠ A + ∠ D = 180˚

F
 = 180° – 85° = 95° 85˚ ϴ=∠A ϴ

∠ B = 180° – (  + 30° )  ϴ + ∠ D = 180˚

E H
= 180° – ( 95° + 30° ) = 180° – 125° = 55° ϴ ∴ C, D, H, K are concyclic.
ϴ+ ∠ B = 125° + 55° = 180°
30˚
∴ BCEF is cyclic. B C D
A B

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 2. ABCD is a parallelogram. Any circle through A and B cuts DA and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CB at P and Q as shown. Prove that DCQP is cyclic. 6. If L, M, N be the middle points of the sides of a triangle, and if P, Q, R be
the feet of the perpendiculars from the vertices on the opposite sides, prove
D C P, N, Q, L, M, R are concyclic.
δ Solution
P
Given: Midpoint L,M,N of ∆ABC
AP ⊥ BC , BQ ⊥ AC , CR ⊥ AB A

A B Proof: P, N, Q, L, M, R are concyclic
Prove: Join LM , LN and PM.
LM // BC , LN // AC
ϴ
LMCN is a parallelogram R
M
Q 1 = ϴ L
ϴ Q
Solution ∠ APC = 90˚ L
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram ∆ APC is cyclic ∆ with center M.
∴  + δ = 180° MA = MP = MC = radius
=ϴ ( Theorem 4 ) 1 = 2 2 1
δ + ϴ = 180° 2 = ϴ
B N P C
∴ DCQP is cyclic.
∴ L, M, N, P are concyclic.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Similarly , L, M, N, Q are concyclic.
Exercise 8.3
L, M, N, R are concyclic.
2. Given: ⨀O
∴ L, M, N, P , Q , R are concyclic.
Prove: ( a ) A,Q,P,O are concyclic. ( b ) ∠ OPA = ∠ OQB.
Proof: ( a ) AB is diameter. Note
B
∠ APB = 90° ( Theorem 4 ) ဿ။ ၾတိဂံတစ္ခုရွိ အနား ၀ ခု၏ အလယ္မွတ္မ်ားကိုဆက္ဆေ
ြဲ သာမ်ဥ္းသည္
∠ AOQ = 90° ( Given ) က်န္တတိယအနားႏွင့္ ျပဳိင္သည္။
∠ APB = ∠ AOQ ၀။ အမွတ္ ေလးမွတ္စီ cyclic ျဖစ္ေနေသာ အတြမ
ဲ ်ားတြင္ ၁ မွတ္စီ ဘုံတူေနပါက
P O ထုိအမွတ္မ်ား အားလုံး cyclic ျဖစ္သည္။
∴ A,Q,P,O are concyclic.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∴ ∠ A = ∠ OQB Q
5. If L, M, N are the middle points of the sides of A ABC, and P is the foot of
( b ) OP = OA = radius
perpendicular from A to BC.Prove that L, N, P, M are concyclic.
∠OPA = ∠ A A
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∴ ∠OPA = ∠ OQB
7. ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle and DE the tangent at A. A line drawn
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parallel to DE meets AB, AC at F, G respectively. Prove BFGC is a cyclic
3. Prove: P
quadrilateral.
Solution
A Solution
Proof: In larger ⨀ , PA.PB = PC.PD
E Given: ABC is a triangle inscribed in a circle
In smaller ⨀ , PE.PF = PC.PD C C
Tangent DE and DE // FG
PA.PB = PE.PF B
Proof: BFGC is a cyclic.
A,B,E,F are concyclic.
Prove:  = ϴ ( DE // FG ) F G
ϴ
F = ∠B ( Theorem 4 )
D
B ϴ = ∠B 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- D E
BFGC is a cyclic. A

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 9

Chapter 8 - Circles
8. Two circles cut at A, B and through A any line CAD is drawn meet the circles 12. Prove: A,B,C,D and E all lie on one circle.
D
at C, D. CB and DB are joined and produced to meet the circles again at E , F.
If CF, DE produced meet at G, prove the points B, F, G, E are concyclic. Prove: 1 = 2
E
Solution ABCD is cyclic. C
Given: Two circles cut at A, B ∠E = ∠C
A
Line CAD , CBC , DBF C
ABDE is cyclic.
D
1 β
CF and DE produced meet at G, 1
∴ A,B,C,D and E all lie on one circle
1
Proof: B, F, G, E are concyclic. 1
Prove: 1 + β1 = 180°
A B
In 1st ⨀ , 1 = 2 ( Corollary 1.4 ) 2 B Β -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F 2
E
In 2nd ⨀ , β1 = β2 ( Corollary 1.4 ) 13. In the figure, AB is a diameter and CD is the tangent at B. Prove that
A
AC.AG = AD.AH.
∴ 2 + β2 = 180°
G Solution
∴ B, F, G, E are concyclic. Given: Diameter AB and Tangent CD
2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proof: AC.AG = AD.AH.
9. Two incongruent circles P and Q intersect at A and D, a line BDC is draw to
Prove: Join BG and GH. G
cut the circle P at B and circle Q at C, and such that ∠ BAC = 90°. Prove that 1 = 2
ϴ

APDQ is cyclic. 1
AB is diameter and CD is tangent H
Solution
ϴ + 1 = 90˚ ( Corollary 1.2 )
Given: ⨀P and ⨀Q intersect at A and D
Line BDC , ∠ BAC = 90°. ∠ABD = 90˚ ( ∴ AB ⊥ CD ) C B D
Proof: APDQ is cyclic. A ∠ABD = 2 + ∠D = 1 + ∠D = 90˚
Prove: ∠ BAC = 90°. ∴ ϴ + 1 = 1 + ∠D and ϴ = ∠D
Q C
∠B + ∠C = 90° P CDHG is cyclic.
1 1
∠P + ∠Q = 90° ∴ AC.AG = AD.AH.
2 2
∠P + ∠Q = 180° D ဤပုစာၦအား cyclic ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းျပခိုင္းျခင္းအထိပဲလဲ ေမးလာႏိုင္ပါသည္။
APDQ is cyclic. B -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14. In ∆ ABC, AB = AC. P is any point on BC, and Y any point on AP. The
10. ABC is a triangle in which AB = AC. P is a point inside the triangle such circles BPY and CPY cut AB and AC respectively at X and Z. Prove XZ // BC.
that ∠ PAB= ∠ PBC. Q is the point on BP produced such that AQ = AP. Solution A
Prove that ABCQ is cyclic. Given: In ∆ ABC, AB = AC ,
A
Solution ⨀ BPY and ⨀CPY intersect at Y and P.
Given: In ∆ ABC , AB = AC , Proof: XZ // BC. X
ϴ Z
∠ PAB= ∠ PBC , AQ = AP 3 Β
2 Q
Prove: ∠B = ∠C ( ∵ AB = AC)
Y
Proof: ABCQ is cyclic. β
1 In 1st ⨀ , AY.AP = AX.AB
Prove: 1 = 3 ( Given ) In 2nd ⨀ , AY.AP = AZ.AC

∠ABC = ∠C (∵ AB = AC ) 2 P E AX.AB = AZ.AC

β1 = β2 (∵ AP = AQ ) 1 BCZX is cyclic.

3 + 2 = β2 B C ∴ ϴ= ∠C B P C

1 + 2 = β2
∴ ϴ= ∠B
XZ // BC.
∠ABC = ∠Q
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∠C = ∠Q
15. In the figure, PBX and QBY are segments and ∠ PAB = ∠ QAB. Prove that
ABCQ is cyclic.
PQXY is cyclic.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution
11. Two circles intersect at A and B. A point P is taken on one so that PA and A
Given: PBX and QBY are segments
PB cut the other at Q and R respectively. The tangents at Q and R meet the
∠ PAB = ∠ QAB 1 2
tangent at P in S and T respectively. Prove that
Proof: PQXY is cyclic. Q P
(a) ∠TPR = ∠BRQ (b) PBQS is cyclic.
Prove: Join QX and PY.
Solution
Q 1 = 2 ( Given )
Given: Two circles intersect at A and B. B
The two lines PAQ and PBR.
In 1st ⨀ , 1 + ∠X = 180˚ Y
S A X
Tangent lines QS , RT and SPT In 2nd ⨀ , 2 + ∠Y = 180˚

Proof: (a) ∠TPR = ∠BRQ (b) PBQS is cyclic. 1 + ∠X = 2 + ∠Y
Prove: ( a ) In smaller ⨀ , P
∠X = ∠Y ( ∵ 1 = 2 )
∠TPR =  ( Theorem 4 )
PQXY is cyclic.
T B
In larger ⨀ ,  = ∠BRQ ( Corollary 1.4 ) R -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∴ ∠TPR = ∠BRQ 16. Prove that the quadrilateral formed by producing the bisectors of the
Q interior angles of any quadrilateral is cyclic.
( b ) In larger ⨀ , ϴ Solution A
A
ϴ= ∠BRQ ( Theorem 4 ) S
Given: the quadrilateral PQRS formed B
∠TPR = ∠BRQ ( Proved ) by producing the bisectors of R

∴ ∠TPR = ϴ P the interior ∠s of quadrilateral ABCD 1 2  Q


∴ PBQS is cyclic. Proof: ABCD is cyclic. S 2
1

B P
T
R
Prove: ∠A + ∠D + ∠B + ∠C = 360˚
D C

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Chapter 8 - Circles
1 = 2 , ϴ1 = ϴ2 ( vertically opposite angles )
In ∆ ADS and ∆ BCQ ,
1 1 1 1
1 = 180˚ – ( ∠A + ∠D ) , ϴ1 = 180˚ – ( ∠B + ∠C )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1 + ϴ1 = 360˚ – ( ∠A + ∠D + ∠B + ∠C )
2 2 2 2
1
1 + ϴ1 = 360˚ – ( ∠A + ∠D + ∠B + ∠C )
2
1
2 + ϴ2 = 360˚– ( 360˚) = 360˚– 180˚ = 180˚
2
∴ the quadrilateral formed by producing the bisectors of the interior
angles of any quadrilateral is cyclic.
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17.ABC is a triangle, in which AX, BY, CZ are the perpendiculars from the
vertices to the opposite sides. If the perpendiculars meet at 0, prove that
AO.OX = BO OY = CO OZ. A
Solution
Given: In ∆ ABC , AX ⊥ BC , BY ⊥ AC , CZ ⊥ AB
Proof: AO.OX = BO OY = CO OZ.
Z
Prove: 1 = 2 = 90˚ ( ∵ AX ⊥ BC , BY ⊥ AC )
1
∴ ABXY is cyclic. Y
O
∴ AO.OX = BO OY
Similarly , BCYZ is cyclic and
2
BO OY = CO OZ.
B X C
∴ AO.OX = BO OY = CO OZ.
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18. AB is a diameter of a circle and E any point on the circumference. From
anypoint C on AB produced, a line is drawn perpendicular AB, meeting AE
produced at D. Prove that AE.AD = AB.AC.
Solution D
Given: Diameter AB of a ⨀, AC ⊥ CD
Proof: AE. AD = AB AC. E

Prove: Join BE. 

AB is a diameter.
∴  = 90˚ ( Corollary 1.2 ) A B C

∠ C = 90˚ ( ∵ AC ⊥ CD )
BCDE is cyclic.
∴ AE.AD = AB.AC
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19. From any point D on the base BC of ∆ ABC a line is drawn meeting AB at E
and such that ∠ BDE = ∠ A. Prove BE.BA = BD BC. A
Solution
Given: In ∆ ABC , ∠ BDE = ∠ A
Proof: BE.BA = BD BC. E
Prove: ∠ BDE = ∠ A
∴ ACDE is cyclic.
∴ BE.BA = BD BC.

B D C
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Prove of theorems’ Problems
1. Prove that the angle which an arc of a circle substends at the centre is
double of the angle which substends at any point on the remaining part of the
circumference.

2. Prove that angles in the same segment of a circle are equal to one another.
( or ) angles substend the same arc of a circle are equal to one another.

3. Prove that the opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle are

supplimentary. ( or ) Prove that the sum of theopposite angles of a
quadrilateral inscribed in a circle is 180˚.

4. If one side of a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle id produced , prove that

the exterior angle so formed is equal to the interior opposite angle.

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Chapter 8 - Circles

Solution

β Φ

Solution
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∆  =γβ ⊥ ⨀ ∴
∠

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