CH 567 2019 For Book Teacher Page Final

A Complete Teacher Guide
Chapter ( 5 )
Sequence & Series
ကိနး့စဥးမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ကိနး့စဥးစုမ္ာ့
Sequence ( ကိနး့စဥး ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့တနး့ ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့စဥးတနး့မ္ာ့ )
ကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ တူညီေသာအစီအစဥးတစးခု်ဖငးံ ငယးစဥးႀကီ့လိုကး ( သို႔ ) ႀကီ့စဥးငယးလိုကး ေကားမာခဵ၊
ေရ့ထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငး့ကို Sequence ဟုေခၚသညး၈ Brith English တျငး Sequence အစာ့
Progression ဟုလညး့ သုဵ့သညးး၈
ဥပမာ - ( 1 ) 2,4,6,8,……….
1 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = 2 = 2 x 1
1 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့သညး 1 ၾကိမးအာ့ 2 ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့်ဖငံး ရသညးး၈
တူညီေသာအစီအစဥး ⟶ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့တိုငး့သညး အၾကိမးအာ့ 2 ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့်ဖငံး ရသညးး၈
( 2 ) 1,4,9,16,…………
1 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = 1 = 12
1 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့သညး 1 ၾကိမးအာ့ 2 ထပးတငး်ခငး့်ဖငံး ရသညးး၈
တူညီေသာအစီအစဥး ⟶ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့တိုငး့သညး အၾကိမးအာ့ 2 ထပးတငး်ခငး့်ဖငံး ရသညးး၈
တူညီေသာအစီအစဥးအာ့ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးေပၚ အေ်ခခဵတျကးခ္ကးရသညး။
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အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ သေကၤတပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပ်ခငး့
ကိနး့တစးခု၏အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ကို အဂၤလိပးအကၡရာ U ေလ့၏အေနာကးေအာကးနာ့တျငး အႀကိမးအာ့
ကပးေရ့်ပီ့ေဖား်ပသညး
Page 1
အႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = U အႀကိမး
1 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = first term = 1st term = U1

3 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = third term = 3rd term = U3
18 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = eighteenth term = 18th term = U18
n ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = nth term = Un
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မြတးခ္ကး
1. term ေရြ႕က စာလုဵ့မြာ ( th , st , nd , rd ) မ္ာ့ႏြငးံဆုဵ့်ပီ့ term မြာ s မပါလ္ြငး
ကိနး့တစးလုဵ့စီေမ့
( first term = 1st term = U1 , seventh term = 7th term = U7 )
2. term ေရြ႕က စာလုဵ့မြာ ( th , st , nd , rd ) မ္ာ့ႏြငးံမဆုဵ့ပဲ ေရြ ႕ကပးလ္ြကးတျငး အခ္ကး်ပ first
ကပးပါေနသညးံအ်ပငး term မြာ s ပါေနလ္ြငး ကိနး့အတျလ
ဲ ိုကးမ္ာ့ကိုေမ့
the first four terms = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4
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nth term ( ကိနး့တစးခု၏ n ႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ )
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ကိနး့တနး့တစးခု၏ n ႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ကို Un ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပသညး၈
ဥပမာ - ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ကိနး့တနး့ = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , ……. , Un , ………….., U1000
အထကးပါ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ကိနး့တနး့၏ n ႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ကို သေကၤတပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေရ့လ္ြငး
n ႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = Un
အကယး၊ အထကးပါကါနး့တနး့ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့အာ့ U1 မြ Un အထိသာပိုငး့ယူပါက

ပိုငး့ယူထာ့ေသာ ကိနး့တနး့ = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , ……. , Un ဆို်ပီ့ Un သညး ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့
်ဖစးလာမညး၈
Un = nth term = last term
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Series ( ကိနး့စုမ္ာ့ )
အကယး၊ကိနး့စဥးတစးခ၏
ု ကိနးုမ္ာ့ၾကာ့တျငး ေကားမာအစာ့ ± ခဵ၊ေရ့ထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငးကို Series
ဟုေခၚသညးး၈
Sequence ( or ) Progression
3,5,7,9,11,…….
Series
3+5+7+9+11+……..
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Type of Sequence & Series
Ex . 5.1
4. ( a ) Write down the first four terms of the sequence defined by Un = 4n – 3
( b ) Which term of the sequence is 189 ?
Which term ေမ့လ္ြငး Un ်မငး is ေနာကးတနးဖို့ Un ထာ့၈
Solution
( a ) Un = 4n – 3 ⟶ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 1,5,9,13
( b ) Un = 4n – 3 , Un = 189 ∴ 4n – 3 = 189 and n = 48
Sequence ႏြငးံ Serie မ္ာ့ကို အမ္ဳိ့အစာ့ချလ

ဲ ္ြငး 2 မ္ဳိ့သာရမညး၈ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ
( 1 ) ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ အတိအက္ရြိေသာ Sequence ႏြငးံ Series မ္ာ့ ( finite sequence & series )
ဥပမာ - 1,4,9,16,25 ( or ) 1+4+9+16
( 2 ) ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ အတိအက္မရြိေသာ Sequence ႏြငးံ Series မ္ာ့ ( infinite sequence &
series )
ဥပမာ - 1,4,9,16,25,…. ( or ) 1+4+9+16+………………. တို႔ၾကပါသညးး၈
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Example 1 . Find the first four terms of the sequence whose general term is
Un = n + 3.
Solution ( the first four terms = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = ? )
Un = n + 3.
U1 = 1 + 3 = 4 , U2 = 2 + 3 = 5 , U3 = 3 + 3 = 6 , U4 = 4 + 3 = 7
the first four terms = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 4,5,6,7
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Ex . 5.1
1. Find the first four terms of the sequence given by the rule of formation.
( rule of formation = formula )
Solution
( a ) Un = 3n ⟶ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 3,6,9,12 ( b ) Un = n2 ⟶ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 1,4,9,16
( c ) Un = n + 1 ⟶ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 2,3,4,5
( d ) Un = n( n + 1 ) ⟶, U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 2,6,12,20
( e ) Un = 2n ⟶ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 2,4,8,16
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Ex . 5.1
5. ( a ) Write down the first four terms of the sequence defined by Un = n2 + 1
( b ) Which term of the sequence is 122 ?
Solution
( a ) Un = n2 + 1 , U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = 2,5,10,17
( b ) n = 11
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Old Question ( 3 marks )
1. Write down the first four term of the sequence define by Un = 4n – 1 . Which term
of the sequence is 191.
( 53 / 11 ပဲခူ့ ) ( 56 / 11 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )Ans ; U1 ,U2 ,U3 ,U4 = 3,7,11,15 , U48 = 191
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Ex . 5.1
2. Write down the next two terms of each of the following sequences and
determine the nth term of each sequence.
Solution
( i ) 2,4,8,16,……
U1 = 2 = 21 , U2 = 4 = 22 , U3 = 8 = 23 , U4 = 16 = 24
The next two terms = U5 = 25 = 32 , U6 = 26 = 64
The nth term = Un = 2n
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( ii ) 1,4,9,16,……
U1 = 1 = 12 , U2 = 4 = 22 , U3 = 9 = 32 , U4 = 16 = 42
The next two terms = U5 = 52 = 25 , U6 = 62 = 36

The nth term = Un = n2
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( iii ) 3,6,9,12,……
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( iv ) 3,8,13,18,……
U1 = 3 = 3 + 5 ( 0 ) = 3 + 5 ( 1 – 1 )
U2 = 8 = 3 + 5 = 3 + 5 ( 1 ) = 3 + 5 ( 2 – 1 )
U3 = 13 = 8 + 5 = 3 + 5 + 5 = 3 + 5 ( 2 ) = 3 + 5 ( 3 – 1 )
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U4 = 18 = 13 + 5 = 3 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 3 + 5 ( 3 ) = 3 + 5 ( 4 – 1 )
The next two terms = U5 = 23 , U6 = 28
The nth term = Un = 3 + 5 ( n – 1 ) = 3 + 5n – 5 = 5n – 2
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( v ) √𝟐 , √𝟔 , 3 √𝟐 , 3 √𝟔 ……
U1 = √𝟐 = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )0 =√𝟐 ( √𝟑 )1 – 1
U2 = √𝟔 = √𝟐 x √𝟑 = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )1 =√𝟐 ( √𝟑 )2 – 1
U3 = 3 √𝟐 =( √𝟑 )2 √𝟐 = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )2 =√𝟐 ( √𝟑 )3 – 1
U4 = 3 √𝟔 =( √𝟑 )2 ( √𝟐 x √𝟑 ) = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )3 =√𝟐 ( √𝟑 )4 – 1
The next two terms = U5 , U6 = 9 √𝟐 , 9 √𝟔
The nth term = Un = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )n – 1
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( vi ) – 2 , 2 , – 2 , 2 , …….
U1 = – 2 = 2( – 1 ) = 2( – 1 )1
U2 = 2 = 2( 1 ) = 2( – 1 )2
U3 = – 2 = 2( – 1 ) = 2( – 1 )3
U4 = 2 = 2( – 1 ) = 2( – 1 )4
The next two terms = U5 = – 2 , U6 = 2
The nth term = Un = 2 ( – 1 )n
ဆကးစပးေလံက္ငးံရနးပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. 4,9,14,19,….. Ans ; Un = 5n – 1
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2. 2,7,12,17,…. Ans ; Un = 5n – 3
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3. 5,9,13,17,…… Ans ; Un = 4n + 1
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4. 1,5,9,13,…. Ans ; Un = 4n – 3
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5. 1,4,7,10,….. Ans ; Un = 3n – 2
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6. 4,7,10,13,…. Ans ; Un = 3n + 1
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n
7. √𝟑 , 3 , 3√𝟑 , 9 , .... Ans ; Un = ( √𝟑 )
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n+1
8. 2 , 2√𝟐 , 4 ,4√𝟐 , …… Ans ; Un = ( √𝟑 )
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n–1
9. √𝟓 , √𝟏𝟎 , 2 √𝟓 , 2 √𝟏𝟎 , ..... Ans ; Un = √𝟓 ( √𝟐 )
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n–1
10. √𝟐 , √𝟏𝟎 , 5 √𝟐 , 5 √𝟏𝟎 , ..... Ans ; Un = √𝟐 ( √𝟓 )
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n–1
11. √𝟓 , √𝟏𝟓 , 3 √𝟓 , 3 √𝟏𝟓 , .... Ans ; Un = √𝟓 ( √𝟑 )
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12. 2,6,12,20 , …. Ans ; Un = n( n + 1 ) from No 1. ( d )
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(n–1)
13. 0,2,6,12 , …. Ans ; Un = n
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14. 6,12,20,30,…. Ans ; Un = ( n + 1 )( n + 2 )
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
15. 1 , , , , ... Ans ; Un = ⟵ from Text book Page 67 , line 7
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝒏
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
16. , , , , ... Ans ; Un =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝒏:𝟏
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𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝒏
17. , , , , ... Ans ; Un =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝒏:𝟏
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
18. , , , , ... Ans ; Un =
𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟎 𝒏 (𝒏:𝟏 )
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Old Question( 3 marks )
2. The sequence of terms begins 2,6,12,20,…. , then find the nth term.
Solution
U1 = 2 = 2x1
U2 = 6 = 2 + 4 = 2 + 4 = 2x1 + 2x2 = 2 ( 1 + 2 )
U3 = 12 = 6 + 6 = 2 + 4 + 6 = 2x1 + 2 x 2 + 2 x 3 = 2 ( 1 + 2 + 3 )
U4 = 20 = 12 + 8 = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 2 x 1 + 2 x 2 + 2 x 3 + 2 x 4 = 2 ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 )
𝒏
Un = 2 ( 1 + 2 + 3 + ………+ n ) = 2 x [1+n]=n(n+1)
𝟐
formula တိုကးရိုကးထုတးယူရနး
U1 = 2 = 1 x 2 , U2 = 6 = 2 x 3 , U3 = 12 = 3 x 4 , U4 = 20 = 4 x 5
Un = n ( n + 1 )
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Ex . 5.1
3. In each case below an initial term and a recursion formula are given. Find U4 .
( i ) U1 = 2 , Un = Un – 1 + 5
U2 = U1 + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 , U3 = U2 + 5 = 7 + 5 = 12 , U4 = U3 + 5 = 12 + 5 = 17
Page 6
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( ii ) U1 = 3 , Un = 4Un – 1
U2 = 4 U1 = 4( 3 ) = 12 , U3 = 4 U2 = 4( 12 ) = 48 , U4 = 4 U3 = 4( 48 ) = 192
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( iii ) U1 = 1 , Un = Un – 1 + 9 ( n + 1 )
U2 = U1 + 9 ( 3 ) = 1 + 27 = 28 , U3 = U2 + 9 ( 4 ) = 28 + 36 = 64 , U4 = U3 + 9 ( 5 )
= 64 + 45 = 109
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( iv ) U1 = 3 , Un = 2Un – 1 + 3
U2 = 2 U1 + 3 = 2( 3 ) + 3 = 9 , U3 = 2 U2 + 3 = 2( 9 ) + 3 = 21 , U4 = 2 U3 + 3 =
2( 21 )+ 3 = 45
Old Question ( 3 marks ) Recursion formula ( နိမးံရာမြ ်မငးံရာသို႔ )

( ယခငး ှ မြတးတနး ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့ )
𝑼𝒏
3. In a certain sequence if U1 = 3 , Un + 1 = , then find U4 .
𝒏
𝟏
Ans ; U4 = ( 1/15 ်ပညးတျငး့ )( 303/03 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟐
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ေနာကိထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့
a. Given that U3 = 2 , Un = 2Un – 1 + 3 , then find U6 . Ans ; U6 = 37 ( 75 / 11 မေကျ့ )
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b. Given that U4 = 2 , Un = 2Un – 1 + 3 ,then find U8 . Ans ; U8 = 37 ( 286 / 04 မႏၱေလ့ )
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3. In a certain sequence U1 = 1 , U2 = 2 , Un + 2 = Un Un + 1 , then find U6 .
Ans ; U6 = 32 ( 181 / 08 ရခိုငး )
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a. In a certain sequence U1 = 1 , U2 = 2 , U2 = 2 , Un + 2 = Un Un + 1 , then find U5 .
Ans ; U5 = 8 ( 307 / 03 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ ) ( 181 / 08 ရခိုငး )
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Recursion formula ( ်မငးံရာ မြ နိမးံရာသို႔ )
4. If Un = = 2Un – 1 + 5 , and U4 = 11 , then find U1 . Ans ; U1 = – 3
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a. Given a recursion formula Un = Un – 1 + n + 1 and U4 = 13 , then find U2 .
Ans ; U2 = 4
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Ex - 5.1
6. A culture of bacteria double in number every hour. If there were originally ten
bacteria in the culture , how many will there be after 2 hours ? Four hours ? n
hours ?
Solution
Initial number of bacteria = 10
The number of bacteria after 1 hour = 20 = 10( 21 )
The number of bacteria after 2 hours = 40 = 10( 22 )
The number of bacteria after n hours = 10( 2n )
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A.P
Arithmetic Sequence or Arithmetic progression ( A.P ) ေပါငး့ပျာ့ကိနး့စဥးတနး့
အကယး၊ တူညီေသာအစီအစဥးသညး ေရြ႕ကိနး့တျငး ကိနး့ေသတစးခု ေပါငး့ထညးံ်ခငး့်ဖငးံ
ေနာကးကိနး့ရရြိသညးံ အစီအစဥး်ဖစးေနပါက ၁ငး့ကို ေပါငး့ပျာ့ကိနး့စဥးတနး့ ( A.P ) ဟုေခၚသညးး၈
ကိနး့စဥးတစးခုရြိ ကပးလ္ြကးေနာကးကိနး့မြ ကပးလ္ြကးေရြ႕ကိနး့ ႏႈတး်ခငး့တနးဖိုမ္ာ့တူေနသညးံအခါ

( သို႔ )
ေရြ႕ကိနး့တိုငး့ကို ( တူညီေသာ ) ကိနး့ေသထညးံေပါငး့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ေနာကးကိနး့ရပါက
၄ငး့ကို A.P ဟုေခၚသညး။
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Common difference
ေနာကးကိနး့မြေရြ႕ကိနး့ႏႈတး၊ရေသာကိနး့ေသေလ့ကို ဘုဵ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးတနးဖို့ေလ့
( commondifference ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈ common difference = d
d = ေနာကးကိနး့ – ေရြ႕ကိနး့
အကယး၊ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 သညး A.P တစးခု်ဖစးလ္ြငး

d = U2 – U1 = U2 – U2 – 1 ( သို႔ ) d = U1 + 1 – U1
d = U3 – U2 = U3 – U3 – 1 ( သို႔ ) d = U2 + 1 – U2
d = U4 – U3 = U4 – U4 – 1 ( သို႔ ) d = U3 + 1 – U3
ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ
d = Un – Un – 1 ( or ) d = Un + 1 – Un
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Sequence တစးခု၏ ေယ္ဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ
U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , ……. , Un – 4 , Un – 3 , Un – 2 , Un – 1 , Un , Un + 1 , Un + 2 , Un + 3 , ………….
Un မြၾကညးံလ္ြငး Un – 1 သညး ေရြ႕ကိန့း Un + 1 သညး ေနာကးကိနး့
Page 8
Un – 1 ု မြၾကညးံလ္ြငး Un – 2 သညး ေရြ႕ကိန့း Un သညး ေနာကးကိနး့

Un + 1 ု မြၾကညးံလ္ြငး Un သညး ေရြ႕ကိန့း Un + 2 သညး ေနာကးကိနး့
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ု ြိ အေခၚအေွၚခုမ္ာ့ ( မသိကိနး့ 4 ခု )
A.P တစးခရ
A.P တစးခုတျငး
( 1 ) ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ( သို႕ ) စဦ့ကိနး့ကို first term ( or ) 1st term ( or ) initial term = a
( 2 ) ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနးကို last term ( or ) final term ဟု ေခၚသညးး၈
n ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ ( သို႕ ) ေယဘုယ္ကိနး့ကို nth term ( or ) general term = Un ဟုေခၚဆိုသညး၈
တခါတရဵ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာကိနး့တနး့သညး ကနး႔သတးရြိကိနး့တနး့်ဖစးေနသညးံအခါ အဆိုပါ n ၾကိမးေ်မာကး
ကိနး့ကိုပဲ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့အ်ဖစးယူလိုကးသညးံအခါလညး့ ရြိလာပါသညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
last term ( or ) final term ( or ) nth term ( or ) general term = Un
( 3 ) ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ ကို number term = n
( 4 ) ဘုဵ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးတနးဖို့ေလ့ကို common difference = d ဟု ေခၚဆိုသညး၈
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n ႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့အတျကး ေဖား်မဴလာ ထုတးယူ်ခငး့
A.P တစးခုသညး ေရြ႕ကိနး့၉ “ကိနး့ေသ - d ” ထညးံေပါငး့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ေနာကးကိနး့ ရသ်ဖငးံ
U1 = a = a + 0 ( d ) = a + ( 1 – 1 )d
U2 = U1 + d = a + d = a + 1 ( d ) = a + ( 2 – 1 )d
U3 = U2 + d = ( a + d ) + d = a + 2 ( d ) = a + ( 3 – 1 )d
U4 = U3 + d = ( a + 2d ) + d = a + 3 ( d ) = a + ( 4 – 1 )d …………………
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
nth term= last term = final term = general term = Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ ပုဵႏြိပးစာအုပးပါ Sequence ႏြငးံ Series တို႔၏ အဓိပၸါယး သတးမြတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကို

တငး်ပေပ့ပါမညး၈ အထကးတျငးေဖား်ပထာ့သညးံအတိုငး့ Sequence တစးခု၏ အႀကိမးေ်မာကးတနးဖို့
( Un ) တိုငး့သညး အႀကိမးတနးဖို့တိုငး့( n ) အေပၚ မြီေန်ပီ့ အႀကိမးေ်မာကးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( n တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ )
သညး သဘာွကိနး့မ္ာ့ပငး ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
အႀကိမး 1 2 3 4 5 n Natural numbers

1 3
တနးဖို့ 1 4 9 16 25 n2
Page 9
အထကးပါဆကးသျယးမႈပုဵစဵေလ့ကို Venn diagram ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပပါက
ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာပါမညး။ အထကးပါပုဵစဵေလ့အရ
1 1
2 4 Sequence ဆိုသညးမြာ သဘာွကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးေစ
3 9 တစးစိတးတစးပိုငး့်ဖစးေစ Domain အ်ဖစးရြိေနေသာ
4 16 ဖနးရြငးတစးခု်ဖစးသညးကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး။
5 25 Domain = { 1,2,3,4,5 } , Codomain = { 1,4,9,16,25 }
Definition
Sequence
A sequence is a function whose domain is either the set of all or part of the
neutral number.
Sequence တစးခုဆိုသညးမြာ ၁ငး့၏ domain သညး သဘာာွကိနး့မ္ာ့အစု်ဖစးေနေသာ

ဖနးရြငးတစးခုသာ ်ဖစးသညး၈
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Terms
The values of the function are called the of the sequence.
အဆိုပါ Sequence ၏ ကိနး့လုဵ့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) terms မ္ာ့အာ့ function ၏ ရလဒးတနးဖိုမ္ာ့ ( သို႔ )

Image မ္ာ့ အ်ဖစး်မငးႏိုငးသညး၈ ဥပမာ
U1 = U ( 1 ) = f ( 1 ) = 1
U2 = U ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) = 4
U3 = U ( 3 ) = f ( 3 ) = 9
U4 = U ( 4 ) = f ( 4 ) = 16
U5 = U ( 5 ) = f ( 5 ) = 25
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nth term or general term

The value of the function corresponding to the number n of the domain is called
the nth term or general term of the sequence.
အဆိုပါ Sequence ၏ n ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့လုဵ့တနးဖို့ ( သို႔ ) general term ( Un ) ရြာသညးံ

ေဖား်မဴလာ အာ့ function ၏ ေဖား်မဴလာ အ်ဖစး်မငးႏိုငးသညး၈ ဥပမာ
Un = U ( n ) = f ( n ) = n 2
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Page 10
Sn ႏြငးံ Un ၾကာ့ ဆကးသယ

ျ းခ္ကး
S2 = U1 + U2 S3 = U1 + U2 + U3 S4 = U1 + U2 + U3 + U4
S1 = U1 S2 = U1 + U2 S3 = U1 + U2 + U3
S2 – S1 = U2 S3 – S2 = U3 S4 – S3 = U4
Un = Sn – Sn – 1 U1 = S 1
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A.P ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Describe the followings with appropiate symbols.
( 1 ) the first term
( 2 ) the second term
( 3 ) the third term
( 4 ) the 6th term
( 5 ) the qth term
( 6 ) the nth term
( 7 ) the 2nth term
( 8 ) the last term
( 9 ) the first three terms
( 10 ) the first four terms
( 11 ) the terms from the 3rd term and 7th term
( 12 ) the terms from the third to seventh erm
( 13 ) the terms between the third and seventh terms both inclusive
( 14 ) the terms from the eighth term to eleventh term
( 15 ) the terms between eighth and eleventh terms both inclusive
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Example 1. Find the 25th term of the following arithmetic progressions.
𝟓 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
( i ) 3,6,9,12,…….. ( ii ) 1 , , , , ,………….
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
Solution
( i ) 3,6,9,12,…….. is an A.P.
∴ a = 3 , d = 6– 3 = 3 , Un = a + ( n– 1 )d
U25 = a + 24d = 3 + 24 ( 3 ) = 75
∴ the 25th term = 75
𝟓 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
( ii ) 1 , , , , ,…………. is an A.P.
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝟓 𝟏
∴a=1,d= –1=–
𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
U25 = a + 24d = 1 + 24 (– )=1–4=–3
𝟔
∴ the 25th term = – 3
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Page 11
Exercise 5.2
1. In each of the following A.P , find ( a ) the common difference ( b ) the 10th term
( c ) the nth term
𝟏 𝟏
( i ) 1,3,5,7,……. ( ii ) 10,9,8,7,……… ( iii ) 1, 2 , 4 , 5 ,……..
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
( iv ) 20,18,16,14,……. ( v ) –25, –20, –15, –10,……… ( vi ) – , – , – , – ,…….
𝟖 𝟒 𝟖 𝟐
Solution
( i ) 1,3,5,7,……. Ans ; U10 = 19 , Un = 2n – 1
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( ii ) 10,9,8,7,……… Ans ; U10 = 1 , Un = 11 – n
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝟏
( iii ) 1, 2 , 4 , 5 ,…….. Ans ; U 10 =– , U = ( 3n – 1 )
n 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
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( iv ) 20,18,16,14,……. Ans ; U10 = 2 , Un = 22 – 2n
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( v ) –25, –20, –15, –10,……… Ans ; U10 = 20 , Un = 5n – 30
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝒏
( vi ) – , – , – , – ,…….. Ans ; U10 = – 2 , Un = –
𝟖 𝟒 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖 𝟖 𝟒
Old Question ( 3 marks ) ⟵ ယခငး ှ မြတးတနး ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့

5. Find the nth term of the A.P a , a+2d , a+4d , a+6d, ………… ( 10 / 2014 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Solution
Un =a + ( n – 1 )d
let common difference = D = a + 4d – a – 2d = 2d , A = a
Un = A + ( n – 1 )D
= a + ( n – 1 ) 2d = a + 2( n – 1 )d
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Example 2 . The fifth term of an arethmetic progression is 10 while the 15th
term is 40. Write down the first five terms of A.P.
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U5 = a + 4d = 10 ← ( 1 )
U15 = a + 14d = 40 ← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 10d = 30 and d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 12 = 10 and a = – 2
U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , U5 = – 2 , – 2 + 3 , – 2 + 6 , – 2 + 9 , – 2 + 12 = – 2 , 1 , 4 , 7 , 10
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Ex 5.2
2. The fifth and the tenth terms of an A.P are 8 and – 7 respectively. Find the 100th
term and 500th term of the A.P.
Solution
Page 12
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U5 = a + 4d = 8 ← ( 1 )
U10 = a + 9d = – 7 ← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 5d = – 15 and d = – 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a – 12 = 8 and a = 20
U100 = a + 99d = 20 + 99( – 3 ) = 20 – 297 = – 277
U500 = a + 499d = 20 + 499( – 3 ) = 20 – 1497 = – 1477
Ex 5.2
3. The sixth term of an A.P is 32 while the 10 th term is 48. Find the common
difference and the 21st term. ( 5 / 2013 မေကျ့ ) ( 3 marks )
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , U6 = 32 , U10 = 48 , U21 = ?
U6 = a + 5d = 32 -----------( 1 )
U10 = a + 9d = 48 -----------( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
a + 9d = 48
a + 5d = 32
4d = 16
d = 4 in eq ( 2 )
a + 5( 4 ) = 32
a = 32 – 20 = 12
U21 = a + 20d = 12 + 20( 4 ) = 12 + 80 = 92
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6. If U1 = 6 and U30 = – 52 in an A.P , find the common difference. Ans ; d = – 2.
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7. In an A.P , U1 = 3 and U7 = 39 . Find ( a ) the first five terms ( b ) the 20th term
of the A.P.
Ans ; d = 6 , ( a ) U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , U5 = 3,9,15,21,27 , ( b ) U20 = 117
ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

6 . The sixth term of an A.P 32 while the 10th term is 48. Find the 21st term.
Solution ( 5 / 2003 မေကျ့ )
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , U6 = 32 , U10 = 48 , U21 = ?
U6 = a + 5d = 32 -----------( 1 )
U10 = a + 9d = 48 -----------( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
a + 9d = 48
a + 5d = 32
4d = 16
d = 4 in eq ( 2 )
a + 5( 4 ) = 32
a = 32 – 20 = 12
Page 13
U21 = a + 20d = 12 + 20( 4 ) = 12 + 80 = 92

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( a ) In an A.P the 5th term is 15 and the 9th term is 31. Find the first term and 20th
term of that A.P. Ans; U1 = a = – 1 , U20 = 75 ( 58 / 2011 ရခိုငး )
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( b ) In an A.P the 6th term is 35 and the 10th term is 51. Find the first term and the
common difference. Ans; U1 = a = 15 , d = 4 ( 69 / 2010 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
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( c) If the third and sixth terms of an A.P are 11 and 23 respectively, find the tenth
term. Ans; U10 = 39 ( 71 / 2010 ပဲခူ့ )
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( d ) The 6th term of an A.P is 32 while the 10th term is is 48.Find the first term and
common difference. Ans ; a = 12 , d = 4 ( 151 / 2006 မေကျ့ )
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( e ) The 5th term of an A.P is 8 while the 10th term is is – 7.Find the first term and
common difference. Ans ; a = 20 , d = – 3 ( 153 / 2006 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
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( f ) Given that the third and sixth terms of an A.P are 20 and 41 respectively, find
the first term. Ans; a = 6 ( 159 / 2006 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
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Old Question
7. In an A.P the 6th term is 22 and the 10th term is 34. Find the nth term.
Solution Ans ; Un = 3n + 4 ( 51 / 2011 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U6 = a + 5d = 22 ← ( 1 )
U10 = a + 9d = 34← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 4d = 12 and d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 15 = 22 and a = 7
Un = 7 + ( n – 1 )3 = 7 + 3n – 3 = 3n + 4
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( a ) In an A.P , U1 = 20 , U12 = – 2. Find the common difference and the nth term.
Ans ; d = – 2 , Un = 22 – 2n ( 167 / 2006 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
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8. If – 2 is the first term in an A.P , – 26 is the last term and there are 9 terms, find
the common difference. ( 115 / 2008 ဧရာွတီ )
Solution
a = – 2 , L = Un = – 26 , n = 9 , L = U9 = – 26 , d = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
Page 14
U9 = a + 8d = – 26
– 2 + 8d = – 26
8d = – 24
d=–3
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9. The last term of an A.P of 20 terms is 195 and the common difference is 5, find
the third term.
Solution ( 133 / 2007 စစးကိုငး့၇ ခ္ငး့ ၇ ပဲခူ့ ) ( 177 / 2002 ရနးကုနး 2005 ဧရာွတီ )
n = 20 , L = U20 = 195 , d = 5 , U3 = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U20 = 195
a + 19d = 195
a + 19 ( 5 ) = 195
a + 95 = 195
a = 100
U3 = a + 2d = 100 + 2( 5 ) = 110
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10 . The fourth and sixth term of an A.P is x and y respectively.Show that 10th term
is 3y – 2x.
Solution ( 27 / 2012 မေကျ့ )( 157 / 2006 ဧရာွတီ )
U6 = a + 5d = y -----------( 1 )
U4 = a + 3d = x -----------( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 ) , 2d = y – x
4d = 2y – 2x
U10 = a + 9d = a + 5d + 4d = y + 2y – 2x = 3y – 2x
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11. The sixth term of an A.P is twice the third term and the first terms is 3. Find the
common difference. ( 170 / 2005 မႏၱေလ့ ) ( 194 / 2002 ရခိုငး )
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , a = 3
U6 = 2U3
a + 5d = 2 ( a + 2d ) = 2a + 4d
d=a
∴d=3
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12. The 9th term of an A.P 499 and the 499th term is 9. Find the term which equal to
zero.
Solution ( 144 / 2007 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , U9 = 499 , U499 = 9 , Un = 0
U9 = a + 8d = 499 -----------( 1 )
U499 = a + 498d = 9 -----------( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 )
a + 8d = 499
Page 15
a + 498d = 9
– 490d = 490
d = – 1 in eq ( 1 )
a + 8 (– 1 ) = 499
a = 499 + 8 = 507
Un = 507 + ( n – 1 )( – 1 ) = 0
1 – n = – 507
n = 508
U508 = 0
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ဆကးစပးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) The 8th term of an A.P 40 and the 40th term is 8. Find the term which equal to
zero. Ans ; U48 = 0
( b ) The 6th term of an A.P 12 and the 12th term is 6.Find the term which equal to
zero.Ans ; U18 = 0
( c ) The 7th term of an A.P 35 and the 35th term is 7 , then show that U42 = 0 .
( d ) The 5th term of an A.P 20 and the 20th term is 5 , then show that U25 = 0 .
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ကိုတျကးၾကညးံပါက Up = q ႏြငးံ Uq = p ်ဖစးေနသညးံ အေ်ခအေနတျငး Up + q

သညး အ်မဲတမး့ 0 ်ဖစးေနေၾကာငး့ ေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ d တနးးဖို့သညးလညး့ အ်မဲတမး့ – 1
်ဖစးေနေၾကာငး့ ေတျ႕ရမညး၈
If Up = q , Uq = p , then Up + q = 0 and d = – 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. The pth term of an A.P is q and the qth is p. Show that ( p+ q )th term is zero.
Solution ( 9 / 2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
Up = a + ( p – 1 )d = a + pd – d = q -----------( 1 )
Uq = a + ( q – 1 )d = a + qd – d = p -----------( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 ) pd – qd = q – p
( p – q )d = q – p
– ( q – p )d = q – p
d = – 1 in eq ( 1 )
a + p( –1 ) – (– 1 ) = q
a–p+1=q
a=p+q–1
Up + q = p + q – 1 + ( p + q – 1 )( – 1 ) = p + q – 1 – p – q + 1 = 0
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14. If the nth term of an A.P is m and mth term is n , then find the common difference.
Solution
Page 16
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
a + nd – d = m ------------ ( 1 )
Um = n
a + ( m – 1 )d = n
a + md – d = n ------------ ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 )
a + nd – d = n
a + md – d = m
nd – md = m – n
( n – m )d = m – n
( n – m )d = – ( n – m )
d=–1
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15.The nth term of an A.P is p and the ( n + 1 )th is q. Find the first term and 5 th
term in term of n,p and q.
Solution ( 5 / 2014 မေကျ့၇စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = a + nd – d = p -----------( 1 )
Un + 1 = a + ( n + 1 – 1 )d = a + nd = q -----------( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 ) – d = p – q
d = q – p in eq ( 2 )
a + n( q – p ) = q
a + nq – np = q
a = q – nq + np = ( 1 – n )q + np
U5 = a + 4d = q – nq + np + 4 (q – p ) = q – nq + np + 4q – 4p
= 5q – nq + np – 4p = ( 5 – n )q + ( n – 4 )p
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16. In an A.P , if U6 = 13 , then find the value of U1 + U11 .
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U6 = a + 5d = 13
U1 + U11 = a + a +10d = 2a + 10d = 2 ( a + 5d ) = 2 x 13 = 26 = 2U6
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Example 3. Which term of the A.P 6,13,20,27,……. is 111 ?

Solution
6,13,20,27,…….
a = 6 , d = 7 , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = 111
a + ( n – 1 )d = 111
6 + ( n – 1 )7 = 111
( n – 1 )7 = 105
n – 1 = 15
n = 16
U16 = 16th term = 111
Page 17
ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
17. Which term of the A.P 187 , 184 , 181 , .......... is 162
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
Solution
𝟏 𝟏
187 , 184 , 181 , .......... is an A.P
𝟒 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟏
a = 187 , d = 184 – 187 = – 2 =− , Un = 162
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
𝟏𝟏 𝟏
187 + ( n – 1 ) ( − ) = 162
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟗𝟗
(n–1)(− ) = 162 – 187 = 162 𝟏 𝟒 – 186 = – 24 =–
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
( n – 1 )( –11 ) = – 99
( n – 1 )11 = 99
n–1=9
n = 10
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( a ) Which term of the A.P 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , .......... is 89
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
Ans ; 54th term = U54 = 89 ( 59 / 2011 ကခ္ငး )
𝟐
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𝟏 𝟐
( b ) Which term of the A.P 1 , 2 , 3 , .......... is 9 ? Ans ; U7 = 9 ( 155 / 2006 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟑 𝟑
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( c ) Which term of the A.P 13,20,27,……. is 111 ? Ans ; U15 = 111
( 12 / 14 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )( 111 / 08 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
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( d ) Which term of the A.P 3,8,13,18,…….is 48 ? Ans ; U10 = 48 ( 45 / 2011 ရနးကုနး )
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( e ) Which term of the A.P 5,12,19,26,…….is 103 ? Ans ; U15 = 103 ( 105 / 08 ရနးကုနး )
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18. The third term of an A.P is 9 the seventh term is 49 . Calculate the thirteen term.
Which term of the progression is 289 ?
Solution ( 6 / 16 ်ပညးတျငး့ )( 188 / 04 မေကျ့ )
U3 = 9 , U7 = 49 , U13 = ? , Un = 289 , n = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U7 = a + 6d = 49 --------- ( 1 )
U3 = a + 2d = 9 --------- ( 2 )
4d = 40
d = 10 in Eq ( 2 )
a + 20 = 9
Page 18
a = 9 – 20 = – 11
U13 = a + 12d = – 11 + 12 ( 10 ) = – 11 + 120 = 109
Un = 289 , d = 10 , a = –11
a + ( n – 1 )d = 289
–11 + ( n – 1 )10 = 289
( n – 1 )10 = 289 + 11 = 300
n – 1 = 30
n = 31
U31 = 289
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19. The fifth and eighth term of an A.P is x and y respectively.Show that 20th term
is 5y – 4x. ( 102/ 2009 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U5 = a + 4d = x
4x = 4a + 16d
U8 = a + 7d = y
5y = 5a + 35d
5y – 4x = 5a + 35d – 4a – 16d = a + 19d = U20
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Ex. 5.2
𝟕 𝟑
8. If the nth term of an A.P 2, 3 , 5 ,…. is equal tothe nth term of an A.P
𝟖 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
187 , 184 , 181 ,…. , find n . ( 11 / 2013 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟒 𝟐
Solution
𝟕 𝟑
2, 3 , 5 ,…. is an A.P
𝟖 𝟒
𝟕 𝟏𝟓
a = 2 , d =1 = ,…., Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏𝟓
Un = 2 + ( n – 1 )( )
𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
187 , 184 , 181 ,….. is an A.P
𝟒 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟐
a = 187 , d = 184 – 187 = – 2 = – =–
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟖
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
Un = 187 + ( n – 1 )( – ) = 187 – ( n – 1 )( )
𝟖 𝟖
By given ,
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐
2+(n–1) = 187 – ( n – 1 )( )
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐
( n – 1 )( ) + ( n– 1 )( ) = 185
𝟖 𝟖
𝟑𝟕
( n – 1 )( ) = 185
𝟖
n – 1 = 40
n = 41
Page 19

𝟏 𝟏
( a ). If the nth terms of an A.P 2 , 2 ,2 ,… is equal to the nth terms of an A.P 9 , 8
𝟒 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏
, 8 ,…, find n. Find also that term. Ans ; n = 13 , U13 = 5 ( 135 / 2007 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟑 𝟑
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20. Find the smallest positive number in the A.P 400, 393 , 386………
400, 393 , 386 , ............, ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ( L ( သို႔ ) Un )
Un = positive number ⟶ Un > 0
Solution
400, 393 , 386 , ............ is an A.P
a = 400 , d = 393 – 400 = – 7 , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
let required positive term = Un
Un > 0
a + ( n – 1 )d > 0
400 + ( n – 1 ) (– 7 ) > 0
400 + ( – 7n + 7 ) > 0
400 – 7n + 7 > 0
407 – 7n > 0
– 7n > – 407
7n < 407 ***
n < 58.1
58 < 58.1
n = 58
U58 = a + 57d = 400 + 57 (– 7 ) = 400 – 399 = 1
the smallest positive number = 1

( a ) Find the smallest positive number in the A.P, 179, 173 , 167 ,……… Ans ; 5
( b ) Find the smallest positive number in the A.P, – 100 , – 89 , – 78 , ……… Ans ; 10
( c ) Find the smallest positive number in the A.P, 500, 493 , 486 , ……….. Ans ; 3
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21. The largest negative number in the A.P 400, 393 , 386 , ............ is
Solution
400, 393 , 386 , ............ is an A.P
a = 400 , d = 393 – 400 = – 7 , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
let require negative term = Un < 0
a + ( n – 1 )d < 0
400 + ( n – 1 ) (– 7 ) < 0
400 + ( – 7n + 7 ) < 0
400 – 7n + 7 < 0
407 – 7n < 0
– 7n < – 407
7n > 407
n > 58.1
Page 20
59 > 58.1
n = 59
U59 = 400 + 58 (– 7 ) = 400 – 406 = – 6
the largest negative number = – 6
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Arithmetic Mean ( ေပါငး့ပျာ့အလယးကိနး့)
AP တစးခုရြိ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ၾကာ့ရြိ အလယးကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ကို ေပါငး့ပျာ့အလယးကိနး့
Arithmetic Mean ( A.M ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈ ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ A.M ဿ မ္ဳိ့ ရြိသညး၈
( 1 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ တစးလုဵ့တညး့ရြိေသာ A.M မ္ဳိ့ ႏြငးံ
ဥပမာ - 2, 8,14 ⟵ 2 ႏြငးံ 14 ၾကာ့တျငး ေပါငး့ပျာ့အလယးကိနး့ ( A.M ) ⟶ 8 တစးလုဵ့တညး့သာ
ရြိသညး၈
( 2) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ တစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာ A.M မ္ဳိ့
ဥပမာ - 2,4,6,8,10 ⟵ 2 ႏြငးံ 10 ၾကာ့တျငး ေပါငး့ပျာ့အလယးကိနး့ ( A.M ) ⟶ 4,6,8 သုဵ့လုဵ့
ရြိသညး၈
( 1 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငံး q ) ၾကာ့ A.M တစးလုဵ့တညး့ရြာလိုလ္ြငး
ေရြ႕ကိနး့ + ေနာကးကိနး့ 𝒑:𝒒

A.M between p and q = =
2 𝟐
𝟐:𝟏𝟒
ဥပမာ - 2 ႏြငးံ 14 ၾကာ့ရြိ A.M တစးလုဵ့တနးဖို့ = =8
𝟐
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Ex 5.3
18. Find the A.M between ( a ) 3 and – 3 ( b ) 2 – √𝟐 ( c ) log 3 and log 12
ပုဵစဵတူ ေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i ) log 3 and log 27 ( ii ) log 2 and log 32 ( iii ) log 4 and log 16
( 2 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငံး q ၾကာ့ ) A.M တစးလုဵ့ထကး ပိုရြာလိုေသာအခါ
အဆငးံ ( 1 ) လိုေသာ A.M အေရအတျကးအာ့ x1 , x2 , x3 ,……… စသညး်ဖငးံ လိုသေလာကးထာ့
အဆငးံ ( 2 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ လိုေသာ A.M အေရအတျကးအာ့ အစာ့သျငး့
p , x1 , x2 , x3 ,……, q is an A.P လို႔ ေရ့
အဆငးံ ( 3 ) ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ p = U1 ႏြငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ q = U အၾကိမး တို႔မြတစးဆငးံ a ႏြငးံ d ရြာ၈
အဆငးံ ( 4 ) x1 = a + d , x2 = a + 2d , x3 = a + 3d ,…… တို႔မြတစးဆငးံ လိုေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ရြာ၈
Example 4. Insert three A.Ms between 7 and – 5.

Solution
Step ( 1 ) ⟶ Let x1 , x2 , x3 be the three A.Ms between 7 and – 5.
Page 21
Step ( 2 ) ⟶ 7, x1 , x2 , x3 , – 5 is an A.P.
Step ( 3 ) ⟶ a = 7 , Un = a + ( n – 1 ) d
U5 = a + 4d = 7 + 4d = – 5
4d = –12 and d = –3
Step ( 4 ) ⟶ x1 = a + d = 7 – 3 = 4 , x2 = a + 2d = 7 – 6 = –1 , x3 = a + 3d =
7–9 =–2
the three A.Ms between 3 and 11 = 4 , –1, – 2
Exercise 5.3
17. Insert three A.Ms between 7 and – 5.
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Sum of first n terms in an inteval of an A.P ( ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ n လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး )
ကိနး့တစိခု၏ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးတစးခုခုအထိ ကိနးလုဵ့မ္ာ့ေပါငး့လဒးကို S အကၡရာေလ့၏
အေနာကးေအာကးနာ့ တျငး ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြ အဆိုပါ ကိနး့လုဵ့အထိ အေရအတျကးအာ့ ကပးေရ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ
ေဖား်ပသညး၈
S ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ = ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြ အဆိုပါအၾကိမးေ်မာကးအထိ ကိနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ေပါငး့လဒး
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ သုဵ့လုဵ့ ေပါငး့လဒး = The sum of the three terms = U1 + U2 + U3 = S3

ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ေလ့လုဵ့ ေပါငး့လဒး = The sum of the first four terms = U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 = S4
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ n လုဵ့ ေပါငး့လဒး = The sum of the first n terms = U1 + U2 + U3 ………+ Un = Sn
S1 , S2 , S3 , ….. , S2 , S3 စသညး်ဖငးံ တနး့ေရ့ရနး sum ေနာကးတျငး အခ္ကး်ပ first ပါရမညး၈
Sum of first “n” terms in an A.P
3,5,7,9,11,13 သညး A.P တစးခု်ဖစးသညးဆိုပါစို႕၈
ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 = 48
ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ = 3 + 13 = 16
ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ = 6 လုဵ့
𝟔
ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ တစးွကး = =3
𝟐
ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ တစးွကး x ( ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ) = 3 x 16 = 48
ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ တစးွကး x ( ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ )
A.P တစးခုရြိ ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ တစးွကး x ( ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ )
အကယး၊ ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ = a / ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ = l

/ ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ = n ဟုထာ့ပါက
𝒏
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ n လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒးသညး Sn = { a + l } ်ဖစးလာမညး၈
𝟐
သို႔ေသား l = Un = a + ( n – 1 )d ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = {a+l}= { a + a + ( n – 1 )d } = { 2a + ( n – 1 )d }
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ
Page 22
ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့သိေသာ A.P အတျကး ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့မသိေသာ A.P အတျကး
𝒏 𝒏
Sn = {a+l} Sn = { 2a + ( n – 1 )d }
𝟐 𝟐
d = 0 ်ဖစးေနေသာ A.P အတျကး
Sn = na
Sn = sum of first n term , n = number of term

a = U1 = first term , l = Un = last term
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Sum of terms in an inteval of an A.P ( ၾကာ့ပိုငး့အလိုကး ေပါငး့လဒး )
အကယး၊ ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ေပါငး့လဒးသညး ေရြ႕ဆုဵကိနး့မြ စေပါငး့ေသာေပါငး့လဒးမဟုတးပဲ
ၾကာ့ပိုငး့တစးခုခုေပါငး့လဒး်ဖစးေနပါက ေရ့ႏိုငးေသာပုဵစဵ ၀ မ္ဳိ့ရြိသညး၈ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ
( 1 ) from … to ပုဵစဵ ( 2 ) between … and / both inclusive ပုဵစဵ ႏြငးံ ( 3 ) between … and ပုဵစဵ
တို႔်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
ဥပမာ - A.P တစးခု U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U6 + U7 + U8 + U9 + U10 + U11 အတျကး U7 + U8 +
U9 ေပါငး့လဒးကိုသာ လိုခ္ငးပါက ေရ့ႏိုငးေသာ ပုဵစဵ ၀ မ္ဳိ့မြာ
( 1 ) from … to ပုစ
ဵ ဵ
U7 + U8 + U9 = the sum from the 7th term to 9th term
( 2 ) between … and / both inclusive ပုစ
ဵ ဵ
U7 + U8 + U9 = the sum between the 7th term to 9th term both inclusive
( 3 ) between … and ပုစ
ဵ ဵ
U7 + U8 + U9 = the sum between the 6th term to 10th term
Sum of terms in an inteval of an A.P

ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ေပါငး့လဒးသညး ေရြ႕ဆုဵကိနး့မြ စေပါငး့ေသာေပါငး့လဒးမဟုတးပဲ ၾကာ့ပိုငး့တစးခုခုေပါငး့လဒး
်ဖစးေနပါက Sn အစာ့ ကိနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ေပါငး့ေပ့ေသာပုဵစဵ ( သို႔ ) S* ်ဖငးံ်ပရမညး၈
ဥပမာ - ၁ ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့မြ ၃ ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့အထိ ေပါငး့လဒး
the sum from the 4th term to 6th term = U4 + U5 + U6 ( or ) S*
S6 = U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 + U6
( – ) S3 = U1 + U2 + U3
S6 – S3 = U4 + U5 + U6
∴ S6 – S3 = S* = U4 + U5 + U6
the sum from the 4th term to 6th term = S* = S6 – S3 = S6 – S4 – 1
the sum from the pth term to kth term = S* = Sk – Sq– 1
Page 23
အေခၚအေွၚမ္ာ့
( 1 ) term ေရြ႕မြာ sum ေရာ fisrt ပါ မပါပါက U တစးလုဵ့တညး့ လို႔မြတး
The fourth term = U4
The sixth term = U6
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( 2 ) term ေရြ႕မြာ sum မပါေသားလညး့ fisrt ပါေနပါက U အတျလ
ဲ ိုကး လို႔မြတး
The first four terms = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4
The first three terms = U1 , U2 , U3
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( 3 ) term ေရြ႕မြာ sum ေရာ fisrt ပါ ပါေနပါက Sn လို႔မြတး
The sum of the first four terms = S4
The sum of the first eight terms = S8
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( 4 ) term ေရြ႕မြာ sum ပါေသားလညး့ fisrt မပါပါက S* လို႔မြတး
S* အာ့ ပုဵစဵ ၀ မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေပ့လာႏိုငးသညး၈ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ
( 1 ) from … to ပုဵစဵ ( 2 ) between … and / both inclusive ပုဵစဵ ႏြငးံ ( 3 ) between … and
ပုဵစဵ တို႔်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
( 1 ) The sum from the third to sixth term = S* = S6 – S2
( 2 ) The sum between third and sixth term both inclusive = S* = S6 – S2
( 3 ) The sum between the second and seventh term = S* = S6 – S2
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( 5 ) The sum of last terms
( a ) In an A.P of 20 terms , the sum of last three terms = U18 + U19 + U20
In an A.P of 20 terms , the sum of last three terms = S20 – S17
20 – 3 = 17 ⟶
( b ) In an A.P of 35 terms , the sum of last four terms = U32 + U33 + U34 + U35
In an A.P of 35 terms , the sum of last four terms = S35 – S31
35 – 4 = 31 ⟶
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( 6 ) The sum of middle terms
( a ) In an A.P of 17 terms , the sum of middle three terms = U8 + U9 + U10
( b ) In an A.P of 35 terms , the sum of middle five terms = U16 +U17 +U18 +U19 + U20
အတျငး့အက္ဆုဵ့ အလယးကိနး့ = ( ကိးနး့လုဵ့ေရ + 1 ) ÷ 2

က္နးေသာ အလယးကိနး့မ္ာ့ 1 တို့ 1 ေလ္ြာံ ေရ့သျာ့
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Page 24
Write down the required terms and sum of the followings.

( 1 ) the seventh and fifteen terms are 5 and 13
( 2 ) the 7th and 15th terms are – 15 and – 7
( 3 ) the fifth and eleventh terms are x and y
( 4 )the nth and 3nth terms are p and q
( 5 )the sum of the first three terms
( 6 ) the sum of the first n terms
( 7 ) the sum of the first 2n terms
( 8 ) the sum of the first 4m terms
( 9 ) In an A.P of 20 terms , the sum of the last three terms
( 10 ) In an A.P of 25 terms , the sum of the last seventh terms
( 11 ) In an A.P of 100 terms , the final three terms
( 12 ) In an A.P of 21 terms , the middle three terms
( 13 ) In an A.P of 7 terms , the middle three terms
( 14 ) the sum form 14th to 17th terms
( 17 ) the sum of terms between 8th and 13th terms
( 18 ) the sum of terms between 4th and 9th terms
( 19 ) the sum of terms between first and fourth terms
( 20 ) the sum of terms between 4th and 7th terms both inclsive
( 21 ) the sum of terms between 11th and 35th terms both inclsive
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
1. Find the sum of the following arithmetic progressions.
( a ) –4 , –5 , –6 , ……. to 18 terms. Ans ; – 225
( b ) 3 , 8 , 13 , ……. to 98 terms. Ans ; 24059
( d ) 1 , 3 , 5 , ……. to 21 terms. Ans ; 23912
( c ) a – b , a – 2b , a – 3b , …. to 20 terms
Solution
a – b , a – 2b , a – 3b , …. is A,P.
A = a – b , d = a – 2b – ( a – b ) = a – 2b – a + b = – b
𝒏
Sn = [ 2A + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟐𝟎
S20 = [ 2A + 19d ] = 10 ( 2( a – b ) + 19(– b ) ) = 10 ( 2a – 2b – 19b )
𝟐
= 10 ( 2a – 21d )
S20 = 20a – 210b
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. The sixth term of an A.P is 22 and the 10th term is 34. Find the sum of first 16
terms of the A.P. ( 187 / 2004 မႏၱေလ့ )
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U6 = a + 5d = 22 ← ( 1 )
Page 25
U10 = a + 9d = 34 ← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 4d = 12 and d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 15 = 22 and a = 7
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟔
S16 = [ 2a + 15d ] = 8 [ 14 + 45 ] = 8 [ 59 ] = 472
𝟐
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( a ) The ninth term of an A.P is 5 and the fourth term is 20. Find the sum of the first
seven terms. Ans; S7 = 140 ( 189 / 2003 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) If an A.P has first term 7 and second term 6.8 , find the sum of the first 50
terms,
a = 7 , d = –0.2 , S50 = 105 ( 119 / 2008 ရခိုငး )
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( c ) The third term of an A.P is 10 and ninth term is 46. Find the common
difference , the first term and the sum of the first 12 terms of the series.
Ans ; d = 6 , a = – 2, S12 = 372 ( 212 / 03 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. If the eight term of an A.P is 150 and the fifty third term is – 30. Determine the
numberof terms whose sum is zero.Ans ; S90 = 0 ( 14 / 14 ရခိုငး )( 188 / 03 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sn တနးဖို့မ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး ( n )သညး 0 မ်ဖစးရ အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24.The ninth term of an A.P is 6. Find the sum of the first 17 terms.
Ans ; 102 ( 5 / 16 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
2. The third and sixth terms of an A.P are 13 and 22 respectively , find the sum of
the first n terms in terms of n. ( 52 / 2011 ပဲခူ့ )
Solution
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U3 = a + 2d = 13← ( 1 )
U6 = a + 5d = 22 ← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 3d = 9 and d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 6 = 13 and a = 7
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 14 + ( n – 1 )3 ] = [ 14 + 3n – 3 ] = [ 3n + 11 ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
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Page 26
Example 6. The sum of first 8 terms of an A.P is 56 and the sum of the first 20
terms is 260. Find the first term and the common difference of the A.P.
Solution
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟖
S8 = [ 2a + 7d ] = 4( 2a + 7d ) = 56
𝟐
2a + 7d = 14 ← ( 1 )
𝟐𝟎
S20 = [ 2a + 19d ] = 10( 2a + 19d ) = 260
𝟐
2a + 19d = 26 ← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 12d = 12 and d = 1 in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐 𝟏
2a + 7 = 14 and a = = 3
𝟕 𝟐
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25. In an A.P the sum to the first three terms is 21 and the sum to the first twelves
terms is 192. Find the corresponding sequence. ( 31 / 2012 ပဲခူ့ )
Solution
S3 = 21 , S12 = 192
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟑
S3 = [ 2a + 2d ] = 3a + 3d = 21
𝟐
a + d = 7 ----- ( 1 )
𝟏𝟐
S12 = [ 2a + 11d ] = 6 ( 2a + 11d ) = 192
𝟐
2a + 11d = 32 ----- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – 2 x Eq ( 1 )
2a + 11d = 32 ----- ( 2 )
2a + 2d = 14 ----- ( 1 )
9d = 18
d = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
a+d=a+2=7
a=5
Required sequence = a , a+d , a+2d , a+3d ,.. = 5 ,5+2 ,5+4 ,5+6 ,...= 5,7,9 ,11,..
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( a ) The sum of the first 8 terms of an A.P is 72 and the sum of the first twelve
terms is 156. Find the first term and the common difference of the A.P.
Ans ; a = 2, d = 2( 41/12 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
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( b ) The sum of the first ten terms of an arithmetic series is 60 and the sum of the
first twentytwo terms is 220. Find the common difference of the series.
Page 27
𝟐
Ans ; d = ( 87/09 မေကျ့ )
𝟑
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26. The fourth term of an A.P is 1 and the sum of the first 8 terms is 24. Find the
sum of the first three terms of the progression. Ans ; d = 4 , a = – 11 , S3 = – 21
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. The sixth term of an A.P is 21 and the sum of the first 17 term is 0. Find the first
term. Ans ; d = – 7 , a = 56
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28. ( i ) If the 6th term of an A.P is 21 and the sum of the first 17 is zero.Find the
common difference. ( 7 / 2013 စစးကိုငး့ ၇ခ္ငး့ )( 81 / 2010 ႏုိငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
( ii ) If the 6th term of an A.P is 21 and the sum of the first 17 is zero.Find the 3rd
term of an A.P. Ans ; d = – 7 , a = 56 , U3 = 42 ( 16 / 2014 ကခ္ငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) The sum of the first six terms of an A.P is 72 and the fifth term is 15. Find the
first term. Ans; a = 7 ( 39 / 2012 ကခ္ငး )
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( b ) The third term of an A.P is 16 and the sum of the first six terms is 84. Find the
first term . Ans ; a = 24
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( c ) An arithmetic prograssion is such that the fifth term is 22 and the sum of the
first eight term is 166. Find the first term. Ans ; a = 12 ( 131 / 2007 မေကျ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) The third term of an A.P is 16 and the sum of the first six terms is 84. Find the
common difference. Ans ; d = – 4 ( 165 / 2006 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e ) The 10th term of an A.P is 39 and the sum of the first 10 terms is 210. Find the
first term and the common difference. Ans ; a = 3 , d = 4 ( 184 / 2005 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( f ) If the third term of an A.P is 23 and the sum of the first six terms of the A.P is
165, then find tenth term of the A.P. Ans ; U10 = 86 ( 79 / 2010 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
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( g )In an arithmetic progression, the 13th term of an A.P is 51 and the sum of the
first 8 terms is 136. Find the 17th term. Ans ; U17 = 67( 172 / 05 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့၇ကခ္ငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( h ) The 4th term of an A.P is 18 and the sum of the first ten terms is 225. Find the
1st term and the common difference.Find also U7 .
Ans ; a = 9 , d = 3 , U7 = 27( 45 / 2011 ရနးကုနး )
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29. The fourth term of an A.P is 1 and the sum of the first 8 terms is 24. Find the
sum of the first three terms of the progression. Ans ; d = 4, a = –11 ( 1/15 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
Page 28

ေပါငး့လဒးေမ့
( a ) The ninth term of an A.P is 67 and the sum of its first 10 terms is 390. Find the
sum of the first 15 terms. Ans ; S15 = 885( 90 / 2009 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The fifth term of an A.P is 5 and the sum of the first 7 terms is 7. Find the sum
of the first forty terms of the progression. Ans ; S40 = 2680( 104 / 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) In an A.P , the fourth term is 12 and the sum of the first five terms is 35. Find
the sum of the first nine terms. Ans ; S9 = 153( 123 / 2008 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) The fifth term of A.P is 24 and the sum of the first 8 terms is 172. Find the sum
of the first 12 terms. Ans ; S12 = 378( 41 / 2012 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e ) The 6th term of an A.P is 22 and the 10th term is 34, find the sum of the first 6
term. Ans; S6 = 833 ( 150 / 2006 မေကျ့၇ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Un ေဖား်မဴလာေမ့
( f ) The ninth term of an A.P is 26 and the sum of the first 11 terms is 187. Find the
nth term of that A.P. Ans ; Un = 3n – 1 ( 64 / 2010 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( g ) The sum of the first five terms of an A.P is 55 and the fifth term is 26. Find the
nth term of that A.P. Ans ; Un = 2n + 5 ( 210 / 2003 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sn ေဖား်မဴလာေမ့
30. In an A.P , the 13th term is 25 and the sum of the first 11 terms is 121.Find the
first term and the common difference of that A.P . Show also that the sum of the
first n terms is of that A.P is n2 . ( 33 / 2012 ဧရာတီ )
Solution
U13 = 25 , S11 = 121 , a = ? , d = ? ,
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U13 = a + 12d = 25 ----- ( 1 )
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
S11 = [ 2a + 10d ] = 11 ( a + 5d ) = 121
𝟐
a + 5d = 11 ----- ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – Eq ( 2 ) , 7 d = 14
d = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 12 ( 2 ) = 25
a = 25 – 24 = 1
if a = 1 , d = 2
Page 29
𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2 + ( n – 1 )2 ] = [ 2 + 2n – 2 ] = n2
𝟐 𝟐

( a ) If the ninth terms of an A.P is 3 and the sum of the first 9 terms is 81 , find the
common difference and the sum of the first n terms in term of n.
𝟑 𝟔𝟑𝒏;𝟑𝒏𝟐
Ans a = 15 , d = – Sn = ( 143 / 2007 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
𝟐 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b )In an A.P , the 16th term is 32 and the sum of the first 12 terms is 156.Find the
first term and common difference of that A.P. Show also that the sum of the first n
terms is of the A.P is n( n + 1 ). Ans ; a = 2 , d = 2 ( 92 / 2009 ပဲခူ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
11. In an A.P , whose first term is – 27 , the tenth term is equal to the sum of the
first 9 terms. Calculate the common difference.
Solution
For given A.P, a = – 27
𝒏
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
U10 = S9
𝟗
a + 9d = [ 2a + 8d ] = 9( a + 4d ) = 9a + 36d
𝟐
27d = – 8a = – 8( – 27 ) = 8 ( 27 )
d=8
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31. In an A.P , whose first term is – 27 , the 10th term is equal to the sum of the first
9 terms. Calculate the common difference. Find also the sum from the 10 th term to
the 20th term. ( 37 / 2012 ရခိုငး )
Solution
In the given A.P , a = – 27 , U10 = S9
d = ? , the sum from the 10th term to the 20th term = S* = S20 – S9 = ?
𝒏
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
U10 = S9
𝟗
a + 9d = [ 2a + 8d ] = 9( a + 4d ) = 9a + 36d
𝟐
27d = – 8a = – 8( – 27 ) = 8 ( 27 )
d=8
S9 = 9a + 36d = 9 (– 27 ) + 36 ( 8 ) = 9 (– 27 + 4 ( 8 ) ) = 9 (– 27 + 32 ) = 9 x 5 = 45
𝟐𝟎
S20 = ( 2a + 19d ) = 10 ( 2(– 27 ) + 19( 8 ) ) = 20( – 27 + 19( 4 ) )
𝟐
= 20(– 27 + 76 )= 20( 49 ) = 980
∴ the sum from the 10th term to the 20th term = S20 – S9 = 980 – 45 = 935
Page 30
32. For an A.P , U10 = S10 , then fnd U5 .

Solution
U10 = S10 , U5 = ?
𝟏𝟎
a + 9d = ( 2a + 9d )
𝟐
a + 9d = 5 ( 2a + 9d )
a + 9d = 10a + 45d
9d – 45d = 10a + a
9a + 36d = 0
a + 4d = 0
U5 = a + 4d = – 4d + 4d = 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. In an A.P the sum of the first four term is equal to three times the fourth term
and 18th term is 40, find the first term and common difference. ( 119 / 2008 ရခိုငး )
Solution
S4 = 3U4 , U18 = 40
𝟒
( 2a + 3d ) = 3 ( a + 3d )
𝟐
4a + 6d = 3a + 9d
a = 3d
U18 = a + 17d = 40
3d + 17d = 40
20d = 40
d=2
a = 3d = 3 ( 2 ) = 6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34. An A.P is such that the twelveth term equal to the sum of the first twelve
terms.Show that the sixth term must be zero. ( 129 / 2007 မႏၱေလ့ )
Solution
U12 = S12
𝟏𝟐
a + 11d = ( 2a + 11d )
𝟐
a + 11d = 12a + 66d
11a + 55d = 0
a + 5d = 0 = U6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) An A.P is such that the 10th term equal to the sum of the first 10 terms. Show
that the fifth term must be zero. ( 140 / 2007 ရခိုငး၇ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) In an A.P , the first term is – 27 , and the tenth term is equal to the sum of the
first 9 terms. Find the common difference. Ans ; d = 8 ( 149/05 ရနးကုနး - 06 မႏၱေလ့ )
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Page 31
35. In an A.P , the 9th term is four times the 5th term . If the common difference is
3, find the sum of the first 17 terms.
Ans ; a = – 8 , S17 = 272 ( 179/05 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ၇ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 5. In an arithmetic progression 44 , 40 , 36 , ……
( a ) find the sum to first 12 terms.
( b ) find the sum from 13th term to 25th term.
Solution
In the A.P , 44 , 40 , 36 , ……
𝒏
a = 44 , d = 40 – 44 = – 4 , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟐
( a ) S12 = [ 2a + 11d ] = 6 ( 2( 44 ) + 11 ( – 4 ) ) = 6 ( 88 – 44 ) = 6 ( 44 ) = 264
𝟐
𝟐𝟓
( b ) S25 = [ 2a + 24d ] = 25( a + 12d ) = 25 ( 44 + 12( – 4 ) ) = 25 ( 44 – 48 )
𝟐
= 25 ( – 4) = – 100
the sum from 13th term to 25th term = S* = S25 – S12 = – 100 – 264 = – 362
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. Let S5 be the sum to the first 5 terms of an A.P, and S* be the sum of the next 5
terms.
Let S* – S5 = 75 , then find the common difference of that A.P.
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 + U6 + U7 + U8 + U9 + U10 = S5 + S* = S10
S5 S10 S*
Solution
𝒏
For given A.P , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
S* = S10 – S5
S* – S5 = 75 ( given )
S10 – S5 – S5 = 75
S10 – 2S5 = 75
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
( 2a + 9d ) – 2 x ( 2a + 4d ) = 75
𝟐 𝟐
5 ( 2a + 9d ) – 5( 2a + 4d ) = 75
10a + 45d – 10a – 20d = 75
25d = 75
d=3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) Let S4 be the sum to the first 4 terms of an A.P, and S* be the sum of the next 4
terms. Let S* – S4 = 48 , then find the common difference of that A.P. Ans; d = 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. Find the sum of first 20 terms of the A.P 2 , 5 , 8 , ….. Find also the sum of the
terms between 25th term and 40th term of that A.P . ( 56 / 2011 ရခိိုငး )
Page 32
Solution
In the A.P 2 , 5 , 8 , …..
a = 2 , d = 5 – 2 = 3 , S20 = ? ,
the sum of the terms between 25th term and 40th term = S* = S39 – S25 = ?
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟐𝟎
S20 = [ 2a + 19d ] = 10 ( 2 ( 2 ) + 19 ( 3 ) ) = 10 ( 4 + 57 ) = 10 ( 61 ) = 610
𝟐
𝟑𝟗
S39 = [ 2a + 38d ] = 39 ( a + 19d ) = 39 ( 2 + 57 ) = 39 ( 59 ) = 2301
𝟐
𝟐𝟓
S25 = [ 2a + 24d ] = 25 ( a + 12d ) = 25 ( 2 + 36 ) = 25 ( 38 ) = 950
𝟐
the sum of the terms between 25th term and 40th term = 2301 – 950 = 1351
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) In an A.P 25, 19 , 13 , ….., find the 11th term and the sum of the first 11 terms of
the A.P. Find also the sum from 12th term to 30th term. ( 82 / 10 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Ans; S11 = – 55 , S30 = – 1860 , the sum from 12th term to 30th term = – 1805
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) In an A.P 40, 37 , 34 , …., find the sum of the first 12 terms and find also the
sum from 13th term to 24th term.
Ans ; S12 = 282 , the sum from 13th term to 24th term = – 150 ( 148 / 06 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sp ေပ့ S* ေပ့ Uk ေမ့
38. In an A.P the sum of the first six terms of an A.P is 93 and the sum of the next 3
terms is 114. Find the tenth term. ( 1 / 2014 ရနးကုနး )( 98 / 2009 ရခိုငး )
Solution
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
Let the sum of the next three terms = S* = 114
the sum of the first six terms = S6 = 93
𝟔
S6 = ( 2a + 5d ) = 3 ( 2a + 5d ) = 93
𝟐
2a + 5d = 31 -------------- ( 1 )
S9 = S6 + S* = 93 + 114 = 207
𝟗
S9 = ( 2a + 8d ) = 9 ( a + 4d ) = 9 ( a + 4d ) = 207
𝟐
a + 4d = 23 -------------- ( 2 )
– Eq ( 1 )
2a + 8d = 46 ⟵ 2 x Eq ( 2 )
– ( 2a + 5d = 31 ) ⟵ Eq ( 1 )
3d = 15
d = 5 in Eq ( 2 )
a + 4( 5 ) = a + 20 = 23
a=3
Page 33
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U10 = a + 9d = 3 + 9 ( 5 ) = 48
ေနာကးထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

( a ) In an A.P the sum of the first six terms is 93 and the sum of the next 3 terms is
114. Find the 21st term. Ans ; U21 = 103 ( 15 / 2014 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The sum of the first six terms of an A.P is 55.5 and the sum of the next six terms
is 145.5. Find the common difference and the first term.
Ans ; d = 2.5 , a = 3( 78 / 10 ကခ္ငး )( 215 / 02 မေကျ့ )( 168 / 05 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) In an A.P the sum to the first ten terms is 175 and the sum of the next 5 terms
is 200. Find the 20th term of that A.P. Ans ; U20 = 61( 162 / 06 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) The sum of the first 6 terms of an A.P is 9 and the sum of the next 6 terms is
117. Find the 7th term. Ans ; U7 = 12 ( 178 / 2005 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. The eleventh terms of an A.P is 32 and the sum from fifth term to the eight term
of the A.P exceeds the sum of the first four terms by 48. Find the sum of the first 13
terms. ( 1 / 2013 ရနးကုနး )
Solution 𝒏
In the given A.P , Sn = [ first term + last term ]
𝟐
𝒏 U5 + U6 + U7 + U8 = U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + 48 = S4 + 48
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
[ U5 + U8 ] = [ 2a + 3d ] + 48
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d 𝟐 𝟐
U11 = a + 10d = 32 ---- ( 1 ) 2 [ ( a + 4d ) + ( a + 7d ) ] = 2 ( 2a + 3d ) + 48
S* = S8 – S4 2a + 11d = 2a + 3d + 24
11d – 3d = 24
S*– S4 = 48 8d = 24
∴ S8 – S4 – S4 = 48 d = 3 in ( 1 ) ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံတျကးလညး့ရပါသညး။
S8 – 2S4 = 48
𝟖 𝟒
[ 2a + 7d ] – 2 x [ 2a + 3d ] = 48
𝟐 𝟐
8a + 28d – 8a – 12d = 48
16d = 48
d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 30 = 32
a=2
𝟏𝟑
S13 = [ 2a + 12d ] = 13 ( a + 6d ) = 13 ( 2 + 18 ) = 13 x 20 = 260
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) The ninth term of an A.P is 42 and the sum from the sixth term to the tenth
term exceeds the sum of the first 5 terms of the A.P by 100. Find the sum of the first
Page 34
15 terms of the A.P. Ans; S15 =570 ( 13 / 2013 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )( 70 / 2010 ပဲခူ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The seventh term of an A.P is 15 and the sum from the sixth term to the tenth
term exceeds the sum of the first 5 terms of the A.P by 50. Find the sum of the first
10 terms of the A.P. Ans; S10 =120 ( 80 / 2010 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
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40. An A.P contain 20 terms. Given that the 8th terms is 25 and the sum of the last 8
terms is 404.Calculate the sum of the first 8 terms. ( 204/03 မေကျ့ )( 58/11 ကခ္ငး )
the sum of the last 8 terms = U13 + U14 + U15 + U16 + U17 + U18 + U19 + U20
the sum of the last 8 terms = S20 – S12
Solution
n = 20 , U8 = 25 , the sum of the last 8 terms = S20 – S12
S8 = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U8 = a + 7d = 25 ----- ( 1 )
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟐𝟎
S20 = ( 2a + 19d ) = 10 ( 2a + 19d ) = 20a + 190d
𝟐
𝟏𝟐
S12 = ( 2a + 11d ) = 6 ( 2a + 11d ) = 12a + 66d
𝟐
S20 – S12 = 8a + 124d = 404
2a + 31d = 101----- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – 2 x Eq ( 1 )
2a + 31 d = 101
– ( 2a + 14 d = 50 )
17 d = 51
d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 7 ( 3 ) = 25
a = 25 – 21 = 4
if a = 4 , d = 3
𝟖
S8 = ( 2a + 7d ) = 4 ( 2 ( 4 ) + 7 ( 3 ) ) = 4 ( 8 + 21 ) = 4 x 29 = 116
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) An A.P contain 24 terms. Given that the 8th terms is 32 and the sum of the last
8 terms is 404.Calculate the sum of the first 8 terms.
Ans ; S8 = 144 ( 109 / 08 မေကျ့ )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) An arithmetic progression contains 30 terms. Given that the tenth term is 32
and the sum of the last 10 terms is 630, calculate the eighth term.
Ans ; S8 = 28( 117 / 2008 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
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Page 35
Example 7. How many terms of the arithmetic progression 9,7,5,… add up to 24 ?

Solution
In an A.P , 9,7,5,…… , a = 9 , d = – 2 ,
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 18 + ( n–1 )( –2 )] = ( 18 – 2n + 2 )= ( 20 – 2n )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= n (10 – n )
Sn = 24
10n – n2 = 24
n2 – 10n + 24 = 0
( n – 4 )( n – 6 ) = 0
n = 4 or 6
Ex 5.3
6. How many terms of the arithmetic progression 5,7,9,…… give a sum of 192 ?
Ans ; n = 12
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. How many terms of the arithmetic progression 24,20,16,… give a sum of 0 ?
Ans ; n = 25
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေမ့ချနး့အ်ဖစး ေမ့ႏိုငးေသာ ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့

41. How many terms of the A.P 3 ,5 ,7 ,…… 224.
( or )
How many terms of the A.P 3 ,5 ,7 ,…. 224.
( or )
How many terms of the A.P 3 ,5 ,7 ,…… 224 ?
Ans; S14 = 224 ( 1 / 2014 ရနးကုနး )( 85 / 2009 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) How many terms of the A.P 5,7,9,…… give a sum of 320.
Ans ; S16 = 320 ( 37 / 12 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) How many terms of the A.P – 7, – 2, 3, 8,…add up to 155.
Ans ; S10 = 155( 103/09 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( c ) How many terms of the A.P 3 ,5 ,7 ,…… should be taken so that the sum
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
is 296. Ans ; S16 = 296 ( 107 / 2008 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
3. Find the sum of all multiples of 7 between 400 and 500.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) Find the sum of all multiple of 9 between 400 and 500.
Ans ; 4950( 105 / 2008 ရနးကုနး )
Page 36
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42.Show that there are 18 integers which are multiple of 17 and which lie between
200 and 500. Find the sum of all these integers. ( 96 / 2009 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
Solution
Required integers = 204 , 221 , 238 , …. , 493
It is an A.P.
a = 204 , d = 17 ,
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
Un = 493
204 + ( n – 1 )17 = 493
( n – 1 )17 = 289
n – 1 = 17
n = 18
∴ There are 18 integers which are multiple of 17
and which lie between 200 and 500.
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝟏𝟖
S18 = [ 204 + 493 ] = 9 [ 697 ] = 6273
𝟐
11 29
17 200 17 500
17 34
30 160
17 153
13 + .?.. = 17 7
13 + 4= 17
17 ်ဖငးံ စာ့၍်ပတးေသာ အငယးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ = 200 + 4 = 204 17 ်ဖငးံ စာ့၍်ပတးေသာ အၾကီ့ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ = 500 - 7 = 493
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
4. Find the sum of all odd numbers between 70 and 150. Ans ; 4400
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
43. Find the sum of all odd integers between 70 and 120. ( 142 / 2007 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
all odd integers between 70 and 120 = 71,73,75,…….,119 ( or )
Required sum = 71 + 73 + 75 + …… + 119
a = 71 , d = 2 , Un = 119
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
a + ( n – 1 )d = 71 + ( n – 1 ) 2 = 119
( n – 1 ) 2 = 119 – 71 = 48
n – 1 = 24
n = 25
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
Page 37
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
S25 = [ 71 + 119 ] = ( 190 ) = 25 x 95 = 2375
𝟐 𝟐

( a ) Find the sum of all odd numbers between 100 and 150.
Ans ; 3125 ( 111/ 08 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) Find the sum of all even numbers between 70 and 150 both inclusive.
Ans ; 4510( 180/05 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
5. Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are divisible by 3.
Ans ; 1665
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44. Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are not divisible by 3.
( 8 /16 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
ဂဏနး့ ဿ လုဵ့ပါ သဘာွကိနး့မ္ာ့ = 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ,…, 96 , 97 , 98 ,99

3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ ်ပတးေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့ = 12 , 15 , 18 , 21 , ….
3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ မ်ပတးေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့ = 10,11,13,14,16,17,19,20,………..97,98
3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ ်ပတးေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့ + 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ မ်ပတးေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့ = ကိနး့အာ့လုဵေပါငး့်ခငး့
3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ မ်ပတးေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့ = ကိနး့အာ့လုဵေပါငး့်ခငး့ – 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ ်ပတးေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့
Solution
ႏြစးဆငးံတျကးနညး့
For 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 …………, 96 , 97 , 98 , 99
It an A.P.
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
a = 10 , d = 11 – 10 = 1 , L = Un = 99 = 10 + ( n – 1 ) 1 = 10 + n – 1 = n + 9
Un = 10 + ( n – 1 ) 1 = 10 + n – 1 = n + 9
n + 9 = 99 and n = 90
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝟗𝟎
S90 = [ 10 + 99 ] = 45 x 109 = 4905
𝟐
the sum of all two digit natural numbers = 4905
For 12 , 15 , 18 , ...... , 96 , 99
a = 12 , d = 15 – 12 = 3 , L = Un = 99 = 12 + ( n – 1 ) 3 = 12 + 3n – 3 = 3n + 9
3n + 9 = 99
3n = 90 and n = 30
𝒏
S30 = [ 12 + 99 ] = 15 x 111 = 1665
𝟐
the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are divisible by 3 = 1665
the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are not divisible by 3
Page 38
= 4905 – 1665 = 3240

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
တစးဆငးံတညး့တျကးနညး့
the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are not divisible by 3
= ( 10 + 11 ) + ( 13 + 14 )+ ( 16 + 17 ) + ( 19 + 20 ) + ( 22 + 23 ) + ………+ ( 97 + 98 )
= 21 + 27 + 33 + 39 + 45 + ………..+ 195
27 – 21 = 6 ¸ 33 – 27 = 6 and 39 – 33 = 6
it is an A.P
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
a = 21 , d = 6 , L = Un = 195 = 21 + ( n – 1 ) 6 = 21 + 6n – 6 = 6n + 15
6n + 15 = 195
6n = 180 and n = 30
𝟑𝟎
S30 = [ 21 + 195 ] = 15 x 216 = 3240
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) Find the sum of all three digit natural numbers which are divisible by 5.
Ans ; 98550( 66 / 2010 မေကျ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are divisible by 5.
Ans ; 945 ( 166 / 2005 ရနးကုနး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) Find the sum of all three digit natural numbers which are divisible by 3.
Ans ; 165150 ( 72 / 2010 ဧရာွတီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) Find the sum of all three digit natural numbers which are divisible by 4.
Ans ; 123300( 76 / 2010 ရနးကုနး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e ) Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers which are divisible by 8.
Ans ; 616 ( 164 / 2006 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
Example 8. The sum of first n terms of the A.P. 13,16 , 20,… is the same as the
𝟐
sum of the first n term of the A.P. 3,7,11,…. Calculate n.
Solution
𝟏
For the A.P. 13,16 , 20,…
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕
a = 13 , d = 16 – 13 = 3 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝒏 𝟕
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 26 + ( n – 1 ) ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
For the A.P. 3,7,11,…
a=3,d=4
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
By given,
Page 39
𝒏 𝟕 𝒏
[ 26 + ( n – 1 ) ] = [ 6 + ( n – 1 )4 ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟕
26 + ( n – 1 ) = 6 + ( n – 1 )4
𝟐
52 + 7( n – 1 ) = 12 + 8( n – 1 )
40 = n – 1
n = 41
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.The sum of the first n terms of the A.P 13 , 16.5 , 20 , … is the same as the sum of
the first n terms of the A.P 3 , 7 , 11 , …., find the value of n . Find also the n th term of
the first A.P. ( 21 / 2013 ႏုိငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
In the A.P 13 , 16.5 , 20 , …
a= 13 , d = 16.5 – 13 = 3.5
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝒏 𝒏
= ( 2a + ( n – 1 )d ) = ( 2 ( 13 ) + ( n – 1 )( 3.5 ) )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝒏
= ( 26 + 3.5n – 3.5 ) = ( 22.5 + 3.5n )
𝟐 𝟐
In the A.P 3 , 7 , 11 , ….,
a=3,d=7–3=4,
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 6 + ( n – 1 )4 ] = [ 6 + 4n – 4 ] = [ 4n + 2 ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
by given ,
𝒏 𝒏
( 22.5 + 3.5n ) = ( 4n + 2 )
𝟐 𝟐
22.5 + 3.5n = 4n + 2
20.5 = 0.5n
5n = 205
n = 41
U41 for 1st A.P = a + 40d = 13 + 40 ( 3.5 ) = 13 + 140 = 153
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46..The sum to the first 6 terms of an A.P 2,5,8,..is equal to the nth term of an A.P
77,73,69,….Find n.
Solution Ans ; n = 6 ( 35 / 2012 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
In the A.P 2,5,8,…..
a=2,d=3
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟔
S6 = [ 2a + 5d ] = 3 ( 4 + 15 ) = 3 ( 19 ) = 57
𝟐
In the A.P 77,73,69,…
a = 77 , d = 73 – 77 = – 4
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = 77 + ( n – 1 )( – 4 ) = 77 – 4n + 4 = 81 – 4n
by given ,
S6 = Un
Page 40
57 = 81 – 4n
4n = 81 – 57 = 24
n=6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏
( a ) The fourth term of an A.P 81 , 91 , 100 , ….. is equal to the sum of the first n
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
term of an A.P 5 , 7 , 10 ,….. Calculate the value of n. Ans ; n = 8 ( 146 / 06 ရနးကုနး )
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 9. The sum to n terms of an A.P is 21. The common difference is 4 and
the sum to 2n terms is 78. Find the first term.
Solution ( 7 / 13 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )( 160 / 06 ကခ္ငး )
𝒏
For given A.P, Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] , d = 4
𝟐
Sn = 21
𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )4 ] = n [ a + 2n – 2 ] = na + 2n2 – 2n
𝟐 𝟐
na + 2n2 – 2n = 21 ← ( 1 )
S2n = 78
𝟐𝒏
S2n = [ 2a + ( 2n – 1 )4 ] = n [ 2a + 8n – 4 ] = 2na + 8n2 – 4n
𝟐
2na + 4n2 – 4n = 78
na + 4n2 – 2n = 39 ← ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – 1 , 2n2 = 18
n2 = 9 and n = 3 in ( 1 )
3a + 18 – 6 = 21
3a = 21 – 12 = 9 and a = 3
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( a ) The sum to n terms of an A.P is 124. The common difference is 4 and the sum
to 2n terms is 440. Find the first term.
Ans ; n = 8 , a = 5 ( 35 / 2012 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The sum to the n terms of an A.P is 30. The common difference is 3 and the sum
to the 2n terms of an A.P is 108, find the first term. Ans ; a = 3 ( 49 / 11 မေကျ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) The sum to the n terms of an A.P is 35. The common difference is 2 and the sum
to the 2n terms of an A.P is 120, find the first term. Ans ; a = 3 ( 190 / 2004 ပဲခူ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47. In an A.P , the sum of the first n terms is 21 and the sum of the next n terms is
57. If the common difference is 4 , find the first term. ( 54 / 2011 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
Page 41
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 + U6 + U7 + U8
The sum of first 4 terms + The sum of next 4 terms
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 + U6 + U7 + U8 = S8
The sum of first 8 terms
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U4+1 + U5 + U6 + U2( 4 )
The sum of first 4 terms + The sum of next 4 terms
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U4+1 + U5 + U6 + U2( 4 )
The sum of first 2 ( 4 ) terms
U1 + U2 +………+ Un + Un+1 + ……………+ U2n
The sum of first n terms + The sum of next n terms
U1 + U2 +…. + Un + Un+1 + ……… + U2n
The sum of first 2n terms
Solution
For givenA.P
d = 4 , Sn = 21
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = 21
𝟐
n ( 2a + ( n – 1 )4 ] = 42
n ( 2a + 4n – 4 ) = 42
2an + 4n2 – 4n = 42 ------ ( 1 )
the sum of the first 2n terms
= the sum of the first n terms + the sum of the next n terms
S2n = 21 + 57 = 78
𝟐𝒏
S2n = [ 2a + ( 2n – 1 )4 ] = n ( 2a + 8n – 4 ) = 2an + 8n2 – 4n
𝟐
2an + 8n2 – 4n = 78 ------ ( 1 )
Eq ( 2 ) – Eq ( 1 )
4n2= 36
n = 3 in ( 1 )
6a + 36 – 12 = 42
6a = 54 – 36 = 18 and a = 3
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Page 42
48. If the sum of the first 6 terms of an A.P is 42 and the first term is 2. find the
common difference .If the sum of the first 2n terms of that A.P is exceeds the sum of
the first n terms by 154, find the value of n. ( 19 / 2014 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
Solution
S6 = 42 , a = 2, d = ?
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟔
S6 = [ 2a + 5d ] = 3 ( 4 + 5d ) = 42
𝟐
4 + 5d = 14
d=2
by given ,
S2n – Sn = 154
𝟐𝒏 𝒏
[ 2a + ( 2n – 1 )d ] – [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = 154
𝟐 𝟐
2n [ 4 + ( 2n – 1 )2 ] – n [ 4 + ( n – 1 )2 ] = 308
2n ( 4 + 4n – 2 ) – n ( 4 + 2n – 2 ) = 308
2n ( 4n + 2 ) – n ( 2n + 2 ) = 308
8n2 + 4n – 2n2 – 2n = 308
6n2 + 2n = 308
3n2 + n – 154 = 0
( n – 7 )( 3n + 22 ) = 0
n – 7 = 0 ( or ) 3n + 22 = 0
n = 7 ( or ) 3n = – 22 ( reject )
n=7
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49. If the sum of the first n terms of an A.P is 2n and the sum of the first 2n terms is
n. Find the sum of the first 4n terms. ( 43 / 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
Sn = 2n
𝒏
[ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = 2n
𝟐
2a + nd – d = 4 ---- ( 1 )
S2n = n
𝟐𝒏
[ 2a + ( 2n – 1 )d ] = n
𝟐
2a + 2nd – d = 1 ----- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , nd = – 3 in Eq ( 1 )
2a – 3 – d = 4
2a – d = 7
𝟒𝒏
S4n = [ 2a + ( 4n – 1 )d ] = 2n( 2a + 4nd – d ) = 2n ( 2a – d – 12 ) = 2n ( 7 – 12 ) = –
𝟐
10n
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 43
𝟏
50. The sum of the first n terms of the A.P 3 , 5 , 8 , … is equal to
𝟐
Sn
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( 2n )th terms of the A.P 16 , 28 , 40 , …., calculate n.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
U2n ( 157 / 2006 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
Solution
𝟏
In the A.P 3 , 5 , 8 , ……
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
a=3,d=5 –3=2 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝒏 𝟓 𝒏 𝟓𝒏;𝟓 𝒏 𝟏𝟐:𝟓𝒏;𝟓
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 2( 3 ) + ( n – 1 ) ] = ( 6 + )= ( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝟓𝒏:𝟕
= ( )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟓𝒏𝟐 :𝟕𝒏
Sn =
𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
In the A.P 16 , 28 , 40 , ….
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
a = 16 = , d = 28 – 16 = 12 ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑:𝟒𝟖𝒏;𝟐𝟒
Un = a + ( 2n – 1 )d = + ( 2n – 1 )12 = + 24n – 12 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝟖𝒏;𝟗 𝟗𝟔𝒏;𝟏𝟖
= =
𝟐 𝟒
by given ,
𝟓𝒏𝟐 :𝟕𝒏 𝟗𝟔𝒏;𝟏𝟖
=
𝟒 𝟒
5n2 + 7n = 96n + 18
5n2 + 7n – 96n – 18 = 0
5n2 – 89n – 18 = 0
( n – 18 ) ( 5n + 1 ) = 0
n – 18 = 0 ( or ) 5n + 1 = 0
n = 18 ( or ) 5n = – 1 ( reject )
n =18
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ဆကးစပးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i )The sum of the first n terms of the A.P 2,4,6 , … is equal to ( 2n )th terms of the
A.P 3,6,9, …. calculate n. Ans ; n = 5
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Page 44
မသိကိနး့ပါကိနး့တနး့တစးခု၏ေပါငး့လဒးအာ့ ကိနး့တစးခုခု်ဖငးံ စာ့၊်ပတးမ်ပတး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

1. ေပ့ထာ့ေသာတနးဖို့တစးခုအာ့ ကိနး့တစးခု်ဖငးံ စာ့၊်ပတးေၾကာငး့ ်ပလိုပါက ၾကီ့ေသာကိနး့သညး
စာ့မညးံကိနး့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးထာ့ေၾကာငး့်ပ
2. ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ အာ့ 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့်ပီ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာကိနး့်ဖငးံ ထပးစာ့၊်ပတးပါက
Sn ေဖား်မဴလာ တနး့သုဵ့
3. ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ အာ့ 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့်ပီ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာကိနး့်ဖငးံ ထပးစာ့၊မ်ပတးပါက
Un ေဖား်မဴလာ တစးဆငးံသုဵ့
Ex 5.3
12. If m is positive integer , show that the sum of the A.P 2m + 1 , 2m + 3 ,
2m + 5 , ……..…, 4m – 1 is divisible by 3.
2m + 1 + 4m – 1 = 6m ⟶ 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့ ⟶ 3m ⟶ 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတး ⟶ Sn ေဖား်မဴလာတနး့သုဵ့
Solution
2m + 1 , 2m + 3 , 2m + 5 , …………, 4m – 1 is A.P
a = 2m + 1 , L = 4m – 1
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [a+L]= ( 2m + 1 + 4m – 1 ) = ( 6m ) = 3mn
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
∴ The sum of the A.P is divisible by 3.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51. If m is positive integer , show that the sum of the A.P 3m + 1 , 3m + 3 , 3m + 5 ,… ,
7m – 1 is divisible by 10. If the sum of all terms in that A.P is 4000, what is the last
term of it. ( 86 / 2009 မႏၱေလ့ )
3m + 1 + 7m – 1 = 10m ⟶ 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့ ⟶ 5m ⟶ 10 ်ဖငးံစာ့လိုမ်ပတး

Solution
3m + 1 , 3m + 3 , 3m + 5 , …………, 7m – 1 is A.P
a = 3m + 1 , d = 3m + 3 – 3m – 1 = 2 , Un = L = 7m – 1
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = 3m + 1 + ( n – 1 ) 2 = 7m – 1
3m + 1 + 2n – 2 = 7m – 1
3m + 2n – 1 = 7m – 1
3m + 2n = 7m
2n = 4m
n = 2m
𝟐𝒎 𝟐𝒎
S2m = [ 3m + 1 + 7m – 1 ] = ( 10m ) = 10m2
𝟐 𝟐
S2m = 4000
10m2= 4000
m2 = 400
m = 20
the last term = 7m – 1 = 140 – 1 = 139
Page 45
52. If k is positive integer , show that the sum of the A.P 3k + 2 , 3k + 5 , 3k + 8 , … ,

3k + 44 is divisible by 15. ( 9 /2014 ပဲခူ့ )
3k + 2 + 3k + 44 = 6k + 46 ⟶ 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့ ⟶ 3k+23 ⟶ 15 ်ဖငးံစာ့လိုမ်ပတး

Solution
3k + 2 , 3k + 5 , 3k + 8 , …………, 3k + 44 is A.P
a = 3k + 2 , d = 3k + 5 – 3k – 2 = 3 , Un = 3k + 44
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = 3k + 2 + ( n – 1 ) 3 = 3k + 44
3k + 2 + 3n – 3 = 3k + 44
3k + 3n – 1 = 3k + 44
3n = 45
n = 15
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
S15 = [ 3k + 2 + 3k + 44 ] = ( 6k + 46 ) = 15( 3k + 23 )
𝟐 𝟐
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( a ) If k is positive integer , show that the sum of the A.P 3k + 2 , 3k + 5 , 3k + 8 ,… ,
3k + 44 is divisible by 5. ( 47 / 2011 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) If m is positive integer , show that the sum of the A.P 2m – 2 , 2m + 2 , 2m +
6 , ………… , 6m – 6 is divisible by 4. ( 100 / 2009 ကခ္ငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
( Un ေပ့ Sn ေမ့ )
𝒏
13. For a certain A.P , Sn = ( 3n – 17 ). Calculate S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 .Hence find the
𝟐
first four term of the corresponding sequence and a formula for the nth term.
( or )
𝒏
For a certain A.P Sn = ( 3n – 17 ) , then find Un .
𝟐
Solution
𝒏
Sn = ( 3n – 17 ).
𝟐
𝟏
S1 = ( 3 – 17 ) = –7
𝟐
𝟏
S2 = ( 6 – 17 ) = –11
𝟐
𝟏
S3 = ( 9 – 17 ) = – 12
𝟐
𝟏
S4 = ( 12 – 17 ) = – 10
𝟐
Page 46
U1 = S1 = – 7
U2 = S2 – S1 = – 11 + 7 = – 4
U3 = S3 – S2 = – 12 + 11 = – 1
U4 = S4 – S3 = – 10 + 12 = 2
the first four terms = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = – 7 , – 4 , – 1 , 2
U2 – U1 = – 4 + 7 = 3 , U3 – U2 = – 1 + 4 = 3 , U4 – U3 = 2 + 1 = 3
U2 – U1 = U3 – U2 = U4 – U3
It is an A.P.
a=–7,d=3
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = – 7 + ( n – 1 )3 = – 7 + 3n – 3 = 3n – 10
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d ဆိုေသာေဖား်မဴလာအာ့
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ series သညး ( A.P ) ်ဖစးမြသာ သုဵႏိုငးေသားလညး့
Un = Sn – Sn – 1 ဆိုေသာေဖား်မဴလာအာ့
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ series သညး A.P / G.P ်ဖစး်ဖစးမ်ဖစး်ဖစး သုဵႏိုငးပါသညး။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53. If the sum of first n terms of a series is Sn = ( n – 1 )( n + 1 ) , then find the rth
term of a series.
Solution ( 13 / 2014 ပဲခူ့ )
Sn= ( n – 1 ) ( n + 1 )
Sr = ( r – 1 ) ( r + 1 ) = r2 – 12 = r2 – 1
Sr – 1 = ( r – 1 – 1 ) ( r – 1 + 1 ) = ( r – 2 )r = r2 – 2r
Ur = Sr – Sr – 1 = r2 – 1 – r2 + 2r = 2r – 1
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( a ) If the sum of first n terms of a series is Sn = n( 2n + 1 ) ,then find the nth term of
a series. Ans ; Un = 4n – 1 ( 137 / 09 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
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( b ) If the sum of first n terms of a series is Sn = 2n( 2 – n ) , then find the nth term
of a series. Ans ; Un = 6 – 4n ( 149 / 09 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) For a certain series , the sum of first n terms is given by Sn = ( n–1 )( n–2 ) ,then
find Un. Ans ; Un = 2 ( n – 2 ) ( 276 / 05 ရခိုငး )
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Page 47
𝒏
54. The sum to the first n terms of a series is Sn = ( 3n + 17 ). Calculate U1 , U2 and
𝟐
U3 . Hence show that it is an A.P. ( 1 / 2013 ရနးကုနး )
Solution
𝒏
Sn = ( 3n + 17 )
𝟐
𝟏 𝒏
S1 = ( 3 + 17 ) = ( 20 ) = 10
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
S2 = ( 6 + 17 ) = 23
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
S3 = ( 9 + 17 ) = ( 26 ) = 39
𝟐 𝟐
U1 = S1 = 10
U2 = S2 – S1 = 23 – 10 = 13
U3 = S3 – S2 = 39 – 23 = 16
U2 – U1 = 13 – 10 = 3
U3 – U2 = 16 – 13 = 3
U2 – U1 = U3 – U2
It is an A.P
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( ေမ့ပုဵႏြငးံ show that ပါတာ မပါတာသာ ကျာသညး၈ သညးပုစာၦတျငး A.P ်ဖစးသညးဟု တစးခါတညး့
ေပ့ထာ့သညး၈)
𝒏
( a ) For a certain A.P , Sn = ( 3n + 17 ). Find the first three term of the
𝟐
corresponding sequence. Ans ; U1 , U2 , U3 = – 7 , – 4 , – 1 ( 11/2011 ဧရာွတီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The sum to first n terms of a series is Sn = 3n + 4n2 . Show that it is an A.P and
find U10 . Ans ; U10 = 79 ( 138 / 2007 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) The sum to the first n terms of a certain A.P is Sn = 3n2 + n. Find the second
term of the given sequence. Ans ; U2 = 10( 161 / 2006 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒏
55. For a certain A.P Sn = ( 3n – 17 ) , then find U3 .
𝟐
Solution
𝒏
Sn = ( 3n – 17 )
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
S3 = ( 3( 3 ) – 17 ) = ( 9 – 17 ) = ( – 8 ) = – 12
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
S2 = ( 3( 2 ) – 17 ) = ( 6 – 17 ) = – 11
𝟐
Un = Sn – Sn – 1
U3 = S3 – S2 = – 12 – (– 11 ) = – 12 + 11 = – 1
Page 48
2ndMethod
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = ( 3n – 17 ) = ( 3n – 3 – 14 ) = (– 14 + 3n – 3 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏
Sn = ( 2( –7 ) + ( n – 1 )3 )
𝟐
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
a = – 7 , d = 3 , U3 = a + 2d = – 7 + 2 ( 3 ) = – 7 + 6 = – 1
( Sn ေပ့ Un ေမ့ )
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56. If the nth term of an A.P is 4n – 7. Find the sum of the first 40 terms.
Solution ( 10 / 14 ဧရာွတီ )
Un = 4n – 7 , S40 = ?
a = U1 = 4 – 7 = – 3
L = U40 = 4( 40 ) – 7 = 160 – 7 = 153
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝟒𝟎
S40 = [– 3 + 153 ] = 20 x 150 = 3000
𝟐
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( a ) If the nth term of an A.P is given by Un = 4n – 1 , find the sum of the first 10
terms of the A.P. Ans ; S10 = 210 ( 17 / 2013 ကခ္ငး ) ( 109 / 2008 မေကျ့ )
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( b ) The nth term of an A.P is 2n + 5. Find the sum of first twenty terms.
Ans ; S20 = 520 ( 25 / 2012 မႏၱေလ့ )
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( c ) If the nth term of an A.P is given by Un = 3n + 9 , find the sum of the first 10
terms of the A.P. Ans ; S10 = 255 ( 117 / 2008 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
57. In an A.P , U1 = 1 , Un + 1 = Un + , then find Sn .
𝟐
Solution
𝟏
U1 = 1 , Un + 1 = Un +
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
U2 = U1 + =1+ =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
U3 = U2 + = + = 2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
d=2– = ,a=1
𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝒏;𝟏 𝒏 𝟒:𝒏;𝟏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 2 + ( n – 1 ) ] = [ 2 + ]= [ ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝟑:𝒏 𝟑𝒏:𝒏𝟐
= [ ]=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
Page 49
2ndMethod
𝟏 𝟏
U1 = a = 1 , Un + 1 = Un + , d = Un + 1 – Un =
𝟐 𝟐
It is an A.P. ( ပုစာၦမြာ A.P ်ဖစးတယးလို႔ေပ့ထာ့လို႔ ဒီစာေရ့စရာမလို )
𝒏 𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝒏;𝟏 𝒏 𝟒:𝒏;𝟏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 2 + ( n – 1 ) ] = [ 2 + ]= [ ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏 𝟑:𝒏 𝟑𝒏:𝒏𝟐
= [ ]=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58. In a series U1 = 1 , Un = Un - 1 + 2 , then find Sn .
In an A.P , d = Un + 1 – Un = constsnt ( or ) d = Un – Un - 1 = constant
Solution
U1 = 1 , Un = Un - 1 + 2 ပုစာၦမြာ A.P ်ဖစးတယးလို႔ မေပ့ထာ့လို႔
Un – Un - 1 = 2 = constant ( ) ဒီ ၂ခု မ်ဖစးမေန ေရ့ရမညး
It is an A.P and a = 1 , d = 2
𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = = [ 2 + (n – 1 )2 ] = n [ 1 + n – 1 ] = n2
𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
( a ) If U1 = 1 , Un + 1 = Un + , then find U1 + U2 + U3 +……….. + Un .
𝟐
( Sn ကိုရြာခိုငး့တာပဲ ်ဖစးသညး ေမ့ပုဵသာ ကျာသညး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
14. How many bricks are there in a pile one brick in thickness if
there are 27 bricks in the bottom row , 25 bricks in the second row etc and 1 in
top row.
1 brick in thickness 2 bricks in thickness 3 bricks in thickness
Page 50
ကိနး့တနးဖို့ ( သို႔ ) How many bricks အာ့ pile ႏြငးံတထ

ျဲ ာ့ပါက Sn ယူေပ့
ကိနး့တနးဖို့ ( သို႔ ) How many bricks အာ့ row ႏြငးံတထ
ျဲ ာ့ပါက Un ယူေပ့
Solution
let the required sequence of bricks = 1,3,5,……..,25,27
It is an A.P.
a=1,d=2,n=?,
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = 1 + ( n – 1 )( 2 ) = 1 + 2n – 2 = 2n – 1
Un = 27
2n – 1 = 27
n = 14
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝟏𝟒
S14 = [ 1 + 27 ] = 7 ( 28 ) = 196
𝟐
Number of bricks = 196
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( a ) How many bricks are there in a pile one brick in thickness if there are 39
bricks in the bottom row , 37 bricks in the second row etc and 1 in top row.
Ans ; 400 ( 101 / 2009 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3.
15. If there are 256 bricks in a pile arranged in the manner as 1 brick in the first
row , 3 bricks in 2nd , 3 bricks in the 3rd and so on. How many bricks are there in
the third row from the bottom of the pile ?
Solution
let the required sequence of bricks = 1,3,5,……..
It is an A.P.
a = 1 , d = 2 , , Sn = 256
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 2 + ( n – 1 )2 ] = [ 2 + 2n – 2 ] = ( 2n ) = n2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2
n = 256 = 162
n = 16
∴ Required row = 14th row = U14
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U14 = a + 13d = 1 + 26 = 27
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Example 10. A semicircle is divided into n sectors such that the angles of the
sectors form an arithmetic progression. If the smallest angle is 5 ° and the
largest angles is 25 ° , calculate n.
Page 51
Solution
let the smallest angle = a = 20 °
the largest angle = Un = L = 160°
Sn = 360 °
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝒏 𝒏
360 ° = [ 20 + 160 ] = x 180 = 90n
𝟐 𝟐
n=4
Semicircle ဆို အတျငး့ေထာငးံ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ 180 ° ယူ

Circle ဆို အတျငး့ေထာငးံ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ 360 ° ယူ

59. A circle is divided into ‘n’ sector such that the angles of the sectors forms an A.P.
If the smallest angle is 20 ° and the largest angle is 160 ° , calculate n.
let the smallest angle = a = 20 °
the largest angle = Un = L = 160 °
Sn = 360 °
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝒏 𝒏
360 = [ 20 + 160 ] = x 180 = 90n
𝟐 𝟐
n=4
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( a ) A circle is divided into ‘n’ sector such that the angles of the sectors form an A.P.
If the smallest angle is 9 ° and the largest angle is 63 °. Calculate n.
Ans ; n = 10 ( 97 / 2009 ရခိုငး )
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ကိနး့စဥးတစးခု၏ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ ႏြငံး ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ၾကာ့ အဓိပၸါယးကျာ်ခာ့ခ္ကး
အကယး၊ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , U5 , U6 သညး A.P တစးခု်ဖစးသညးဆိုပါက
**the first three terms ( ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့ ) = U1 , U2 , U3
**the three consecutive terms ( ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့ )

U1 , U2 , U3 ( or ) U2 , U3 , U4 ( or ) U3 , U4 , U5 ( or ) U4 , U5 , U6
အထကးပါ ဥပမာေလ့အရ
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့ဆိုပါက U1 , U2 , U3 တစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသားလညး့
ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့ဆိုပါက U1 , U2 , U3 ( or ) U2 , U3 , U4 ( or ) U3 , U4 , U5 ( or ) U4 , U5 ,
U6 အေ်ခအေန ၁ မ္ဳိ့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ပုစာၦတျငး consecutive terms
ေပ့လာပါက ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ဟု တစးထစးခ္ တနး့မယူမိရနး သတိထာ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး၈
Page 52
Consecutive terms ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး ယူရမညးံ ေဖား်မဴလာ ၀ မ္ဳိ့

( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Consecutive terms မ္ာ့သညး တခ္ဳိ႕တွကး မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေနပါက
Recursion formula သုဵ့
Un = Un – 1 + d ( or ) ေနာကးကိနး့ = ေရြ႕ကိနး့+ d
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Consecutive terms မ္ာ့သညး ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေနပါက d-
formula သုဵ့
d = ေနာကးကိနး့ – ေရြ႕ကိနး့
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Consecutive terms မ္ာ့သညး ကိနး့တစးလုဵ့မြ မေပ့ထာ့ပဲ
( i ) the three consecutive terms / the four consecutive terms
( ii ) the three of a triangle / four angles of a quadrilateral are consecutive terms
of an A.P
( iii ) the angles of a semicircle / circle are consecutive terms of an A.P စသညး်ဖငးံ
ေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ
ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး မ‟လုဵ့ဆိုပါက
၀ လုဵ့ a–d,a,a+d
၂ လုဵ့ a – 2d , a – d , a , a + d , a + 2d
၄ လုဵ့ a – 3d , a – 2d , a – d , a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d မ‟ ဆို 1 တို့

စုဵ 2 တို့
ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး စုဵ‟လုဵ့ဆိုပါက
၁ လုဵ့ a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d
၃ လုဵ့ a – 5d , a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d , a + 5d
ႀတိဂဵ triangle ဆို အတျငး့ေထာငးံ ၀ ခုေပါငး့်ခငး့ = 180 degree

စတုဂဵ quadrilateral ဆို အတျငး့ေထာငးံ ၁ ခုေပါငး့်ခငး့ = 360 degree
စကးွိုငး့်ခမး့ semi-circle ဆို အတျငး့ေထာငးံ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့်ခငး့ = 180 degree
စကးွိုငး့ circle ဆို အတျငး့ေထာငးံ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့်ခငး့ = 360 degree
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.2
4. If 5,a,b,71 are consecutive terms of an A.P , find the value of a and b.
Page 53
Solution
5,a,b,71 are consecutive terms of an A.P.
Un = Un – 1 + d
a=5+d 2nd method
b = a + d = 5 + d + d = 5 + 2d 5,a,b,71 are consecutive terms of an A.P.
71 = b + d a – 5 = b – a = 71 – b
71 = 5 + 2d + d If a – 5 = b – a
71 = 5 + 3d 2a – b = 5 ← ( 1 )
3d = 66 If b – a = 71 – b
d = 22 a – 2b = – 71 ← ( 2 )
a = 5 + d = 5 + 22 - 27 ( – ) 4a – 2b = 10 ← Eq ( 1 ) x 2
b = 5 + 2d = 5 + 44 = 47 – 3a = – 81
a = 27 in eq ( 1 )
54 – b = 5 and b = 49
ပုစာၦတျငး consecutive terms ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ Un = a + ( n – 1 )d ေဖား်မဴလာအစာ့ d -

formula ( သို႔ ) Recursion formula အာ့ သုဵ့်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး၈
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) If 5,a,b,71 are consecutive terms of an A.P. Find the values of a and b.
Ans ; a = 27 , b = 49 ( 181 / 2005 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုဵစဵကဲျ Old Question မ္ာ့
60. If 29,a – b , a + b , 95 is A.P , find the value of a and b.
29,a – b , a + b , 95 is A.P ဟု ေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 ဟုတနး့တျကးချငးံ ရြိပါသညး၈
Solution ( 7 / 16 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 21 / 13 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
1st method
29, a – b , a + b , 95 is A.P
U1 = A = 29 ⟵ ပုစာၦရြိ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့တျငး a ပါေနသ်ဖငးံ U1 အာ့ A အႀကီ့ထာ့ပါ၈
U4 = A + 3D = 29 + 3D = 95
3D = 95 – 29 = 66 and D = 22
a – b = U2 = A + D = 29 + 22 = 51
a + b = U3 = A + 2D = 29 + 2 x 22 = 29 + 44 = 73
a – b = 51 -----------( 1 )
a + b = 73-----------( 2 )
2a = 124
a = 62 in ( 2 )
a + b = 62 + b = 73
b = 73 – 62 = 11
ပုစာၦအာ့လုဵ့အာ့ consecutive terms ်ဖစး်ဖစး
2nd Method is A.P ်ဖစး်ဖစး တစးပုဵစဵတညး့မြတးမိေစရနး
29, a – b , a + b , 95 is A.P
a – b – 29 = 95 – ( a + b )
2nd Method ်ဖငးံသာ တျကးေစခ္ငးးပါသညး။
a – b + a + b = 95 + 29
Page 54
2a = 124
a = 62
95 – ( a + b ) = a + b – ( a – b ) = a + b – a + b = 2b
95 = a + b + 2b = a + 3b
3b = 95 – a = 95 – 62 = 33
b = 11
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61.If a, b , 72 ,a + b is A.P , find the value of a and b. ( 67 / 2010 မေကျ့၇ရခိုငး )
Solution
a, b , 72 ,a + b is A.P
b – a = a + b – 72
2a = 72
a = 36
b – a = 72 – b
2b = a + 72 = 36 + 72 = 108
b = 54
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62. If 9, x , y , 75 is A.P , find the value of x and y. ( 49 / 2011 မေကျ့၇ဧရာွတီ၇ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
9, x , y , 75 is A.P
a = 9 , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U4 = a + 3d = 9 + 3d = 75
3d = 75 – 9 = 66
d = 22
Un = Un – 1 + d
x = 9 + 22 = 31 and y = 31 + 22 = 53
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( a ) If 5,a,b,71 are consecutive terms of an A.P. Find the values of a and b.
Ans ; a = 27 , b = 49 ( 181 / 2005 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
63.Given that 2x – 14 , x – 4 , x are the first three terms of a sequence. Find the
𝟐
value of x when it is an A.P. Find the common difference of that A.P.
Solution ( 99 / 2009 ကခ္ငး )( 121 / 2008 ကခ္ငး )
𝟏
2x – 14 , x – 4 , x is an A.P.
𝟐
𝟏
d = x – 4 – ( 2x – 14 ) = x – ( x – 4 )
𝟐
𝟏
x – 4 – 2x + 14 = x – x + 4
𝟐
𝟏
– x + 10 = – x + 4
𝟐
𝟏
–x+ x=–6
𝟐
Page 55
;𝟐𝒙:𝒙
=–6
𝟐
;𝒙
=–6
𝟐
x = 12
d = x – 4 – ( 2x – 14 ) = x – 4 – 2x + 14 = – x + 10 = – 12 + 10 = – 2
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
64. Show that , , are the three consecutive terms of an A.P. Find the
𝟏:𝒙 𝟏;𝒙𝟐 𝟏;𝒙
common difference. ( 185 / 2004 ရနးကုနး )
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏;(𝟏;𝒙 ) 𝟏;𝟏:𝒙 𝒙
𝟐 – = – = = 𝟐 =
𝟏;𝒙 𝟏:𝒙 (𝟏;𝒙 )(𝟏:𝒙 ) 𝟏:𝒙 (𝟏;𝒙 )(𝟏:𝒙 ) 𝟏:𝒙 𝟏:𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏:𝒙;𝟏 𝒙
– = – = =
𝟏;𝒙 𝟏;𝒙𝟐 𝟏;𝒙 (𝟏;𝒙 )(𝟏:𝒙 ) (𝟏;𝒙 )(𝟏:𝒙 ) 𝟏:𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
– = –
𝟏;𝒙𝟐 𝟏:𝒙 𝟏;𝒙 𝟏;𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
, , are the three consecutive terms of an A.P.
𝟏:𝒙 𝟏;𝒙𝟐 𝟏;𝒙
𝒙
d=
𝟏:𝒙𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65.Given that x , x2 , 1 are three successive terms of an A.P. Find the possible
value of x. ( three successive terms = three consecutive terms )
Solution 3 marks ( 195 / 2002 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
x , x2 , 1 are three successive terms of an A.P
x2 – x = 1 – x2
2x2 – x – 1= 0
( 2x + 1 )( x – 1 ) = 0
2x + 1= 0 ( or ) x – 1 = 0
𝟏
x=− ( or ) x = 1
𝟐
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66. The first three terms of an A.P are 4p2 – 10 , 8p and 4p+ 3 respectively.
Find two possible value of P. If p is positive and then the nth term of the
progression is – 93 , find the value of n.
Solution ( 27 / 2012 မေကျ့ )( 217 / 2002
စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
4p2 – 10 , 8p and 4p+ 3 are the first three terms of an A.P
8p – ( 4p2– 10 ) = 4p + 3 – 8p
8p – 4p2 + 10 = 4p + 3 – 8p
8p – 4p2 + 10 = – 4p + 3
0 = 4p2 – 8p – 4p + 3 – 10
Page 56
0 = 4p2 – 12p – 7
0 = ( 2p + 1 )( 2p – 7 )
2p + 1 = 0 ( or ) 2p – 7 = 0
𝟏 𝟕
p = – ( or ) p =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟕
if p is positive , p = ,
𝟐
𝟕 𝟒𝟗
a = 4p2 – 10 = 4 ( )2– 10 = 4 ( ) – 10 = 49 – 10 = 39
𝟐 𝟒
𝟕
d = 8p – ( 4p2 – 10 ) = 84 ( ) – 39 = 28 – 39 = – 11
𝟐
Un = – 93
a + ( n – 1 )d = – 93
39 + ( n – 1 )( – 11 ) = – 93
– ( n – 1 )( 11 ) = – 93 – 39 = – 132
n – 1 = 12
n = 13
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
67. It is given that , , are three consecutive terms of an A.P . Show
𝒃:𝒄 𝒄:𝒂 𝒂:𝒃
that a2 , b2 , c2 are also three consecutive terms of an A.P . ( 88 / 2009 မေကျ့ )
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
, , are three consecutive terms of an A.P
𝒃:𝒄 𝒄;𝒂 𝒂:𝒃
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
– = –
𝒄:𝒂 𝒃:𝒄 𝒂:𝒃 𝒄:𝒂
𝒃:𝒄;𝒄;𝒂 𝒄:𝒂;𝒂;𝒃
=
( 𝒄:𝒂 )( 𝒃:𝒄 ) ( 𝒂:𝒃 )( 𝒄:𝒂 )
𝒃;𝒂 𝒄;𝒃
=
𝒃:𝒄 𝒂:𝒃
( b – a )( b + a ) = ( c + b )( c – b )
b2 – a2 = c2 – b2
a2 , b2 , c2 are also three consecutive terms of an A.P
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.2
5.The four angles of a quardrilateral are in A.P. Given that the value of largest
angle is three time the value of smallest angle, find the value of all four angles.
Solution ( 1 / 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ - 3 marks ) ( 182 / 2005 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - 5 marks )
let the four angles are a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d .
a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 360°
4a =360°
a = 90°
by given,
a + 3d = 3 (a – 3d )
a + 3d = 3a – 9d
12d = 2a = 2 x 90°= 180= 180= 180= 180= 180°
Page 57
d = 15°
∴ a – 3d = 90 – 3d = 90° – 3( 15° ) = 90 ) = 90° – 45 °= 45°
a – d = 90°– 15 ° = 75 °
a + d = 90° + 15° = 105°
a + 3d = 90°+ 3( 15°) = 90°+ 45° = 135°
∴The four angles = 45° , 75°10° , 135°
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( a ) .The three angles of a triangle are in A.P. Given that the value of largest angle
is twice the value of smallest angle, find the three angles of that triangle.
Ans ; The three angles are 40 ° , 60 ° , 80 ° ( 65 / 2010 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The three angle of a triangle form an A.P If the largest is twice the smallest
angle , then find the smallest angle. Ans ; the smallest angle = 40°
ထပးကိနး့ပုဵစဵ ႏြငးံ log ပုဵစဵ
p
ထပးကိနး့ပုဵစဵမြ log ပုဵစဵသို႔ ⟼ k =b ⟹ log b k = p
p
log ပုဵစဵမြ ထပးကိနး့ပုဵစဵသို႔ ⟼ log b k = p ⟹ k = b
log ပုဵစဵ 2 မ္ဳိ့

( 1 ) အေ်ခ 10 ထာ့ေသာ log ⟼ common log ⟼ log 10 5 = log 5
( 2 ) အေ်ခ e ထာ့ေသာ log ⟼ natural log ⟼ log e 5 = ln 5
log 10 5 ကို log 5 base 10 ဟု ဖတးရမညး၈
Log ေအာကးေ်ခတျငိ ဘာမြမေပ့ထာ့ပါက အေ်ခ 10 ရြိသညးကို သိရမညး၈
log ဂုဏးသတၱိမ္ာ့
( 1 ) log x + log y = log ( xy ) Log ချ်ဲ ပီ့ေပါငး့က Log တျ်ဲ ပီ့ေ်မြာကး
Log တျ်ဲ ပီ့ေ်မြာကးက Log ချ်ဲ ပီ့ေပါငး့
𝒙
( 2 ) log x – log y = log ( ) Log ချ်ဲ ပီ့ႏႈတးက Log တျ်ဲ ပီ့စာ့
𝒚
Log တျ်ဲ ပီ့စာ့က Log ချ်ဲ ပီ့ႏႈတး
( 3 ) log 5 5 = log9 9 = loga a = log k k = 1 Log နဲ႔ base နဲ႔ တူေနက အေ်ဖ 1 ပဲရ
( Log တနးဖို့မြာ ပါွါမပါရငး )
p p p Log နဲ႔ base နဲ႔ တူေနက ပါွါေအာကး်ပဳတးက္
( 4 ) log 5 5 = log a a = log k k = p
( Log တနးဖို့မြာ ပါွါ ပါရငး )
p Log တနးဖို့မြာ ပါွါ ပါ ပါွါေရြ႕ပို႔ပါ၈
( 5 ) log b k = p . log b k
p p
log b k ≠ ( log b k)
Page 58
𝟏
( 6 ) log p k = log b k Base တနးဖို့မြာ ပါွါ ပါ 1 by ခဵ်ပီ့ေရြ႕ပို႔ပါ၈
𝒑
b
𝟏 Log နဲ႔ base နဲ႔ change လိုက
( 7 ) log b k =
𝒍𝒐𝒈 . 𝒃
𝒌 1 by ခဵ်ပီ့ လြနးကိနး့်ပ
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂. 𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒈 . 𝑵 𝒍𝒐𝒈 . 𝑵
𝒃 𝟏𝟎 Log နဲ႔ base နဲ႔ ချလ
ဲ ိုက
( 8 ) log k N = = =
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂. 𝒌 𝒍𝒐𝒈 . 𝒌 𝒍𝒐𝒈 . 𝒌
𝒃 𝟏𝟎
ေ်ခတူ Log မ္ာ့ ချစ
ဲ ာ့်ပ
loga N logp N logk N
(9) N=a = p =k =….
logp N logk N
( 10 ) k = p
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68. If log 3 , log x , log ( x + 6 ) is an A.P , then find x.
Solution
log 3 , log x , log ( x + 6 ) is an A.P .
d = log x – log 3 = log ( x + 6 ) – log x
log x – log 3 = log ( x + 6 ) – log x
𝒙 𝒙:𝟔
log ( ) = log ( ) if log A = log B , then A = B
𝟑 𝒙
𝒙 𝒙:𝟔
=
𝟑 𝒙
x2 = 3x + 18 Real number system တျငး
x2 – 3x – 18 = 0
( x – 6 )( x + 3 ) = 0 log တနးဖို့ အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရလို႔ – 3 မယူရ
x = 6 ( or ) x = – 3 ( reject )
∴x=6
x = – 3 ယူပါက log x တနးဖို့မြာ log– 3 ်ဖစးလာမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ – 3 အာ့ပယးပါမညး၈
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) If log 4 , log x , log ( x + 3 ) is an A.P , then find the value of x.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69. Find the general formula for the nth term of an A.P log x2 , log x5 , log x8 , log
x11 , ..... .
p
Solution ( log b k = p . log b k ကိုသဵု့မညး )
log x2 , log x5 , log x8 , log x11 , ..... = 2log x , 5log x , 8log x , 11log x , .....
let log x = a
∴ 2log x , 5log x , 8log x , 11log x , ..... = 2a , 5a , 8a , 11a , ..... is an A.P
A = 2a , d = 5a – 2a = 3a
Un = A + ( n – 1 )d
= 2a + ( n – 1 ) 3a
= 2a + 3an – 3a = 3an – a = a ( 3n – 1 )
Page 59
= ( 3n – 1 ) a = ( 3n – 1 ) log x
Un = log x 3n – 1
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70. Given that sin2 x ,cos2 x and 5cos2 x – 3sin2 x are in A.P. Find the value of sin2 x.
Solution ( 3 / 2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 11 / 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 93 / 2009 ဧရာွတီ)
sin 2 x , cos 2 x , 5cos 2 x – 3 sin 2 x is an A.P
let sin 2 x = a and cos 2 x = b
a , b , 5b – 3a is an A.P
b – a = 5b – 3a – b
b – a = 4b – 3a
3a – a = 4b – b
2a = 3b
2sin 2 x = 3cos 2 x = 3( 1 – sin 2 x ) = 3 – 3sin 2 x
5sin 2 x = 3
𝟑
sin 2 x =
𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) Given that sin2 x , cos2 x and 5cos2 x –3 sin2 x are in A.P. Find the value of cos2 x.
𝟑
Ans ; cos 2 x = ( 5marks ) 214.( 2002 ရနးကုနး )
𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
9.The sum of four consecutive numbers in an A.P is 28. The product of the second
and the third numbers exceeds that of the first and last numbers by 18.Find the
numbers.
Solution ( 3 / 15 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 31 / 12 ပဲခူ့ )( 133 / 07 ပဲခူ့ )( 189 / 04 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Let the four consecutive numbers are a – 3d , a – d , a + d and a + 3d.
by given,
a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 28
4a = 28
a=7
( a – d )( a + d ) – ( a – 3d )( a + 3d ) = 18
a2 – d2 – a2 + ( 3d )2 = 18
– d2 + 9d2 = 18
8d2 = 18
𝟗
d2 =
𝟒
𝟑
d=±
𝟐
𝟑
if a = 7 , d = + ,
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝟑
a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d = 7 – 3 ( ) , 7 – ,7+ ,7+3( )= , , ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑
if a = 7 , d = – ,
𝟐
Page 60
𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d = , , ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
∴ required numbers = , , , ( or ) , , ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) The sum of four consecutive numbers in an A.P is 38. The product of the second
numbers. Ans ; Required numbers = 5,8,11,14 or 14,11,8,5 ( 17 / 2014 ကခ္ငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The sum of four consecutive numbers in an A.P is 38. The product of the second
numbers.
𝟑 𝟗 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟓 𝟗 𝟑
Ans ; Required numbers = , , , or , , , ( 192/04 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old Question
71. If the sum of five consecutive terms of an A.P is 245 , then find the middle term .
Solution
let a – 2d , a – d , a , a + d , a + 2d be the five consecutive terms of an A.P
By given,
a – 2d + a – d + a + a + d + a + 2d = 245
5a = 245
a = 49
The middle terms = a = 49
( or )
( General term - Un ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံတျကးလိုပါက)

the sum of five consecutive terms of an A.P = Uk + Uk+1 + Uk + 2 + Uk + 3 +Uk + 4 = 245
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
initial term = Uk = a + ( k – 1 )d = a + kd – d
last term = Uk + 4 = a + ( k + 4 – 1 )d = a + ( k + 3 ) d = a + kd + 3d
the middle terms = Uk + 2 = a + ( k + 2 – 1 )d = a + ( k + 1 ) d = a + kd + d
number of term = 5
𝒏
Sn = [ initial term + final term ]
𝟐
𝟓
S5 = ( a + kd – d + a + kd + 3d )
𝟐
𝟓
245 = ( 2a + 2kd + 2d )
𝟐
𝟓
245 = x 2 ( a + kd + d )
𝟐
245 = 5 ( a + kd + d )
49 = a + kd + d = Uk + 2
the middle terms = 49
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Page 61

( a ) The sum of five consecutive terms of an A.P is 110 , find the middle term.
( 47 / 11 မႏၱေလ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ex 5.3
16. The sum of the first four terms of an A.P is 26 and the sum of their squares is
214. Find the first four terms. ( 68 / 2010 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
ဤပုစာၦသညး the first four terms ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ရြာလိုေသာကိနး့ေလ့လုံ့အာ့

U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d ဟု ထာ့တျကးချငးံ ရြိပါသညး၈
သို႕ေသားတျကးရသညးမြာပိုမိုရႈပးေထျ့သ်ဖငးံ Let the first four terms are a – 3d ,a – d ,a + d ,
a + 3d ဟုထာ့တျကးလညး့ရပါသညး၈ မညးသညးံတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ထာ့ပါသညးဆိုသညးံ စာစစးသူအာ့
အခ္ကး်ပ စကာ့လုဵ့ေလ့ Let ကိုေတာံမ်ဖစးမေန ထညးံေပ့ရပါမညး၈
Solution
Let the first four terms are a – 3d , a – d , a + d and a + 3d.
by given,
a – 3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 26
4a = 26
𝟏𝟑
a=
𝟐
( a – 3d )2+ ( a – d )2+ ( a + d )2 + ( a + 3d )2 = 214
a2 – 6ad + 9d2 + a2 – 2ad + d2 + a2 + 6ad + d2 + a2 + 2ad + 9d2 = 214
4a2+ 20d2 = 214
𝟏𝟑 2
4( ) + 20d2 = 214
𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝟗 2
4( )+ 20d = 214
𝟒
169 + 20d2 = 214
20 d2 = 214 – 169 = 45
𝟗
d2 =
𝟒
𝟑
d=±
𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟑
if a = ,d=–
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑
a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d = – 3(– ), – (– ), + (– ), + 3(– )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟎 𝟒
= + , + , – , – = , , , = 11 , 8 , 5 , 2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟑
if a = ,d=
𝟐 𝟐
a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d = 2,5,8,11
∴ The first four terms are 11 , 8 , 5 , 2 ( or ) 2,5,8,11
Page 62
2nd Method
Solution
the first four terms = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d
by given,
a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d = 26
4a + 6d = 26
2a + 3d = 13
3d = 13 – 2a
𝟏𝟑;𝟐𝒂
d=
𝟑
a2+ ( a + d )2 + ( a + 2d )2 + ( a + 3d )2 = 214
a2+ a2 + 2ad + d2 + a2 + 4ad + 4d 2 + a2 + 6ad + 9d2 = 214
4a2 + 12ad + 14d2 = 214
2a2 + 6ad + 7d2 = 107
𝟏𝟑;𝟐𝒂 𝟏𝟑;𝟐𝒂
2a2 + 6a ( )+7( − )2 = 107
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟔𝟗;𝟓𝟐𝒂:𝟒𝒂𝟐
2a2 + 26a – 4 a2 + 7 ( − ) = 107
𝟗
𝟐𝟑𝟒𝒂;𝟏𝟖𝒂𝟐 :𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟑;𝟑𝟔𝟒𝒂:𝟐𝟖𝒂𝟐
− = 107
𝟗
10a2 – 130a + 1183 = 963
10a2 – 130a + 220 = 0
a2 – 13a + 22 = 0
( a – 2 )( a – 11 ) = 0
a – 2 = 0 ( or ) a – 11= 0
a = 2 ( or ) a = 11
if a = 2 , d = 3
a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d = 2 , 2 + 3 , 2 + 6 , 2 + 9 = 2 , 5 , 8 , 11
if a = 11 , d = – 3
a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d = 11 , 11 – 3 , 11 – 6 , 11 – 9 = 11 , 8 , 5 , 2

( a) The sum of the first four terms of an A.P is 24 and the sum of their squares is
204.Find the first four terms. ( 74 / 2010 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
Ans ; 6 – 3√𝟑 , 6 –√𝟑 , 6 + √𝟑, 6 + 3 √𝟑or 6 + 3√𝟑 , 6 +√𝟑 , 6 –√𝟑 , 6 – 3√𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The sum of the first four terms of an A.P is 16 and the sum of their squares is
84.Find the first four terms. Ans ; 1,3,5,7 or 7,5,3,1 ( 119 / 2008 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) The sum of the first four terms of an A.P is 38 and the sum of their squares is
406.Find the first four terms. Ans ; 5,8,11,14 or 14,11,8,5 ( 159 / 2006 ရခိုငး )
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Page 63

72. The sum of the squares of three consecutive numbers in an A.P equals 165. The
sum of the numbers is 21.Find the numbers. ( 62 / 2010 ရနးကုနး )
Solution
Let the three consecutive terms are a – d , a and a + d.
by given,
a – d + a + a + d = 21
3a = 21
a=7
( a – d ) 2 + a2 + ( a + d )2 = 165
a2 – 2ad + d2 + a2 + a2 + 2ad + d2 = 165
3a2+ 2d2 = 165
3( 7 )2+ 2d2 = 165
3( 49 )+ 2d2 = 165
147 + 2d2 = 165
2 d2 = 165 – 147 = 167 – 147 – 2 = 20 – 2 = 18
d2 = 9
d=±3
if a = 7 , d = – 3
a – d , a , a + d = 7 – (– 3 ) , 7 , 7 + (– 3 ) = 7 + 3 , 7 , 7 – 3 = 10 , 7 , 4
if a = 7 , d = 3
a – d , a , a + d = 7 – 3 , 7 , 7 + 3 = 4 , 7 , 10
∴ The three consecutive terms are 10 , 7 and 4 ( or ) 4 , 7 and 10
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73. The sum of three numbers in an A.P is 27 and their product is 504 , find the
numbers. ( 174 / 2005 ပဲခူ့ )
( ေမ့ချနး့တျငး အာ့နညး့ခ္ကးရြိပါသညး ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့မ္ာ့ဟု မေပ့ထာ့ပါ၈ )
Solution
Let the three numbers are a – d , a and a + d.
by given,
a – d + a + a + d = 27
3a = 27
a=9
a ( a – d )( a + d ) = 504
a ( a2 – d2 ) = 504
9 ( 92 – d2 ) = 504
81 – d2 = 56
81 – 56 = d2
25 = d2
d=±5
if a = 9 , d = – 5
a – d , a , a + d = 9 – (– 5 ) , 9 , 9 + (– 5 ) = 9 + 5 , 9 , 9 – 5 = 14 , 9 , 4
if a = 9 , d = 5
Page 64
a – d , a , a + d = 9 – 5 , 9 , 9 + 5 = 4 , 9 , 14
∴ The three consecutive terms are 14 , 9 and 4 ( or ) 4 , 9 and 14
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Old Question ထဲမြ ပုဵစဵကပ
ျဲ ုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. The common difference of an A.P is 3. The sum of the first 12 terms is 174 and
the sum of the whole series is 850. Calculate the the first term, the number of term
and the the last term.
Solution ( 5 / 2014 မေကျ့ )
d = 3 , S12 = 174 , Sn = 850 , a = ? , n = ? , Un = ?
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟐
S12 = [ 2a + 11d ] = 6 ( 2a + 11d ) = 174
𝟐
2a + 11 ( 3 ) = 29
2a = 29 – 33 = – 4
a=–2
Sn = 850
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏𝒏 𝒏
[ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = [ 2(– 2 ) + ( n – 1 )3 ] = [ – 4 + 3n – 3 ] = [ 3n – 7 ] = 850
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐
3n2 – 7n = 1700
3n2 – 7n – 1700 = 0
( n – 25 ) ( 3n + 68 ) = 0
n – 25 = 0 ( or ) 3n + 68 = 0
n = 25 ( or ) 3n = – 68 ( reject )
n = 25
the last term = U25 = a + 24d = – 2 + 24 ( 3 ) = – 2 + 72 = 70
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2. The first term of an A.P is 2. The sum of the first 8 terms is 58 and the sum of the
whole series is 325. Calculate the common difference and the number of term .
a = 2 , S8 = 58 , Sn = 325 , d = ? , n = ?
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟖
S8 = [ 2a + 7d ] = 4 ( 4+ 7d ) = 58
𝟐
2( 4 ) + 14d = 29
14d = 29 – 8 = 21
𝟑
d=
𝟐
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = 325
𝟐
𝟑
n[4 +(n–1) ] = 650
𝟐
𝟖:𝟑𝒏;𝟑 𝟑𝒏𝟐 :𝟓𝒏
n( )= = 650
𝟐 𝟐
3n2 + 5n = 1300
( n – 20 ) ( 3n + 65 ) = 0
Page 65
n – 20 = 0 ( or ) 3n + 65 = 0
n = 20 ( or ) 3n = – 65 ( reject )
n = 20
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3. In an A.P the first term is – 5 and the last term is 91. If the sum of the whole
series is 1075, find the number of term and common difference
Solution ( 13 / 14 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ)( 25 / 12 မႏၱေလ့ )( 121 / 08 )
a = – 5 , L = Un = a + ( n – 1 )d = – 5 + ( n – 1 ) d = 91
( n – 1 ) d = 91 + 5 = 96
Sn = 1075
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = 1075
𝟐
𝒏
[ 2( – 5 ) + 96 ] = 1075
𝟐
𝒏
x 2 ( – 5 + 48 )= 1075
𝟐
43n = 1075
n = 25
if n = 25 ,
( n – 1 ) d = 241d = 964
d=4

( a ) The first term of an A.P is – 2 and the last term is 85. If the sum of the whole
series is 1245. Calculate the number of term and common difference.
Ans ; n = 30 , d = 3 ( 223 / 2002 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )( 115 / 2008 ဧရာွတီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.The last term of an A.P of 20 terms is 195 and the common difference is 5. Find
the sum of progression . Ans ; S20 = 2950 ( 130/07 မေကျ့၇ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 3 /13 မႏၱေလ့ )
Solution
Un = 195 , n = 20 , ∴ U20 = 195 , d = 5 ,
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U20 = a + 19d = a + 19 ( 5 ) = a + 95 = 195
a = 195 – 95 = 100
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟐𝟎
S20 = [ 2( 100 ) + 19( 5 ) ] = 10 ( 200 + 95 ) = 10 x 295 = 2950
𝟐

( a ) The last term of an A.P of 20 terms is 190 and the common difference is 5. Find the sum
of the progression. Ans ; S20 = 2850( 76 / 2010 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
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5. The number of terms in an A.P is 40 and the last term is – 54. Given that the sum
of the first 15 terms added to the sum of the first 30 terms is zero, calculate the
sum of progression.
Page 66
Solution ( 11 / 2014 ဧရာွတီ )( 113 / 2008 ပဲခူ့ )

In the given A.P , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
n = 40 , L = U40 = – 54
a + 39d = – 54 ---------- ( 1 )
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟓
S15 = [ 2a + 14d ] = 15 ( a + 7d )
𝟐
𝟑𝟎
S30 = [ 2a + 29d ] = 15 ( 2a + 29d )
𝟐
S15 + S30 = 0
15 ( 2a + 29d ) + 15 ( a + 7d ) = 0
2a + 29d + a + 7d = 0
3a + 36d = 0
a + 12d = 0 ---------- ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 )
27d = – 54
d = – 2 in Eq ( 2 )
a + 12 (– 2 ) = 0
a = 24
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝟒𝟎
S40 = [ 24 – 54 ] = 20 (– 30 ) = – 600
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. An A.P contain 10 terms. If the sum of the last three terms is 63 more than the
sum of the
first three terms ,then find the common difference.
Solution
𝒏
In the given A.P , n = 10 , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
the sum of the last three terms = S10 – S7
𝟏𝟎 𝟕
= [ 2a + 9d ] – [ 2a + 6d ]= 10a + 45d – 7a – 21d = 3a + 24d
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑
S3 = [ 2a + 2d ] = 3a + 3d
𝟐
the sum of the last three terms – S3 = 63
3a + 24d – 3a – 3d = 63
21d = 63
d=3
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7. In a certain A.P , the first term is a and the common difference is d.Given that the
sum of the first 4 terms is equal to three times the fourth term and the 18th term is
40 , calculate the value of a and d. ( 219 / 2002 ပဲခူ့)
Solution
U1 = a , common difference = d , S4 = 3 U4 , U18 = 40 , a = ? , d = ?
Page 67
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
𝟐
S4 = 3 U4
𝟒
( 2a + 3d ) = 3 ( a + 3d )
𝟐
2 ( 2a + 3d ) = 3 ( a + 3d )
4a + 6d = 3a + 9d
a – 3d = 0 -------- ( 1 )
U18 = 40
a + 17d = 40 -------- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
20d = 40
d = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
a–3(2)=0
a=6
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8. If the sum of the first 6 terms of an A.P is 96. If the sum of the first ten terms is
one third of the sum of the first 20 terms. Find the first term and the tenth term.
Solution ( 3 / 13 မႏၱေလ့ ) ( 17 / 13 ကခ္ငး )( 60 / 11 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 176 / 05 ဧရာွတီ )
In the given A.P , S6 = 96 , a = ? , U10 = ?
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟔
S6 = ( 2a + 5d ) = 3( 2a + 5d ) = 96
𝟐
2a + 5d = 32 -------------- ( 1 )
𝟏
S10 = S20
𝟑
𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟐𝟎
( 2a + 9d ) = x x ( 2a + 19d )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
15 ( 2a + 9d ) = 10 ( 2a + 19d )
3 ( 2a + 9d ) = 2( 2a + 19d )
6a + 27d = 4a + 38d
2a – 11d = 0 -------------- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
2a + 5d = 32
– ( 2a – 11d = 0 )
16d = 32
d = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
2a + 5 ( 2 ) = 32
2a = 32 – 10 = 22
a = 11
U10 = a + 9d = 11 + 9 ( 2 ) = 11 + 18 = 29
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9. The first term of an A.P is 5 , the last term is 45 and the sum is 400. Find the
number of term.
Solution
a = 5 , L = Un = 45 , Sn = 400
Page 68
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
𝒏 𝒏
400 = [ 5 + 45 ] = ( 50 ) = 25n
𝟐 𝟐
n = 12

( a ) If the first term and 6th terms of an A.P are 5 and 25 respectively, the sum to n
terms is 135.Then find n. Ans ; n = 9
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10. The first term of an A.P is 2 , the nth term is 20.If the sum of the first n terms is
110. Find the value of n. ( 9 / 2013 ပဲခူ့ )( 33 / 2012 ဧရာွတီ )
Solution
a = 2 , Un = 20 , Sn = 110 , n = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
Un = 20
a + ( n – 1 )d = 20
2 + ( n – 1 )d = 20
( n – 1 )d = 18
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
Sn = 110
𝒏
[ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = 110
𝟐
n [ 4 + 18 ] = 220
22n = 220
n = 10

( a ) The first term of an A.P is – 2 , its nth term is 18.If the sum of the first n terms
is 88. Find n and the common difference. Ans ; n = 11 , d = 2, ( 19 / 2013 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The first term of an A.P is 3 , its nth term is 23.If the sum of the first n terms is
143. Find n and the common difference.
Ans ; n = 11 , d = 2 ( 63 / 2010 ရနးကုနး )( 113 / 2008 ပဲခူ့)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The sum of an A.P 1,3,5,…. is 576. Then find the last term.
Solution
Sn = 576 , a = 1 , d = 2 , Un = ?
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝒏
576 = [ 2( 1 ) + ( n – 1 )2 ]
𝟐
𝒏
576 = x2(1+n–1)
𝟐
576 = n2
Page 69
n = 24
Un = U24 = a + 23d = 1 + 23( 2 ) = 47
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12. An A.P is such that the 5th term is three time the 2nd term. Show that the sum
of the first eight terms is four time the sum of the first four terms.
Solution ( 5 / 2013 မေကျ့ )( 139 / 2007 ရခိုငး ) ( 206 / 2003 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U5 = 3U2
a + 4d = 3 ( a + d )
a + 4d = 3a + 3d
2a – d = 0
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟖
S8 = ( 2a + 7d ) = 4 ( 2a – d + 8d ) = 4 ( 0 + 8d ) = 32d
𝟐
𝟒
S4 = [ 2a + 3d ] = 2 ( 2a – d + 4d ) = 2 ( 0 + 4d ) = 8d
𝟐
𝑺𝟖 𝟑𝟐𝒅
= =4
𝑺𝟒 𝟖𝒅
S8 = 4S4
The sum of the first eight terms is four time the sum of the first four terms.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. An A.P contains thirteen terms. If the sum of the first four terms is 32 and the
sum of the last four terms is 176, find the middle terms of that A.P.
ကိနး့လုၤ့ေရ = 13
အလယးကိနး့ = ( ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ + 1 ) ÷ 2 ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ 4 လု့ၤ ⟶ 13 – 4 = 9
ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ 4 လု့ၤ ေပါငး့လဒး = S13 – S9
Solution ( 9/13 ပဲခူ့ )( 94/09 ဧရာွတီ)

𝒏
In the given A.P , n = 13 , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
S4 = 32
𝟒
( 2a + 3d ) = 2 ( 2a + 3d ) = 32
𝟐
2a + 3d = 16 ------- ( 1 )
the sum of the last four terms = S13 – S9 = 176
𝟏𝟑 𝟗
S13 – S9 = [ 2a + 12d ] – [ 2a + 8d ] = 13a + 78d – 9a – 36d = 4a + 42d = 176
𝟐 𝟐
2a + 21d = 88 ------- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
18d = 72
d = 4 in Eq ( 1 )
2a + 3 ( 4 ) = 16
2a = 16 – 12 = 4
a=2
middle term = U7 = a + 6d = 2 + 6 ( 4 ) =26
Page 70
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( a ) An A.P contains 15 terms. If the sum of the first five terms is 55 and the sum of
the last five terms is 255. Find the middle term.
Ans ; 31( 39/12 ကခ္ငး )( 199/04 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) An A.P contains sixteen terms. If the sum of the first six terms is 75 and the
sum of the last four terms is 182. Find the tenth term of the A.P.
Ans ; 32 ( 141 / 2007 ကခ္ငး )
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14. An A.P contains seven terms , the sum of the three terms in the middle is 39 and
the sum of the last three terms is 57. Find the series. ( 23 / 2012 ရနးကုနး )
. = 𝑼
အတျငး့အက္ဆုဵ့ အလယးကိနး့ = 𝑼𝟕+𝟏 𝟒
𝟐
အလယးကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 𝑼𝟑 + 𝑼𝟒 + 𝑼𝟓
Solution
In the given A.P , n = 7 , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U3 + U4 + U5 = 39
a + 2d + a + 3d + a + 4d = 39
3a + 9d = 39
a + 3d = 13 ----- ( 1 )
U5 + U6 + U7 = 57
a + 4d + a + 5d + a + 6d = 57
3a + 15d = 57
a + 5d = 19 ----- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
2d = 6
d = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 3 ( 3 ) = 13
a = 13 – 9 = 4
the given series = 4 , 4 + 3 , 4 + 6 , 4 + 9 , 4 + 12 , 4 + 15 , 4 + 18
= 4 , 7 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 22
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. In a certain A.P , the first term is a and the common difference is d. If the third
term is 5, find the sum of the first 5 terms of the A.P. Given that the tenth term is
33 , calculate the sum from the sixth terms to the tenth term of that A.P .
U1 = a , common difference = d , U3 = 5 , U10 = 33 ,
S5 = ? , the sum from the sixth terms to the tenth term = S* = S10 – S5 = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U3 = a +2d = 5 --------- ( 1 )
U10 = a +9d = 33 --------- ( 1 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
7d = 28
Page 71
d = 4 in Eq ( 1 )
a+2(4)=5
a=5–8=–3
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟓 𝟓
S5 = ( 2a + 4d ) = x 2 ( a + 2d ) = 5 ( – 3 + 2( 4 ) ) = 5 ( – 3 + 8 ) = 5 ( 5 ) = 25
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟎
S10 = ( 2a + 9d ) = 5 ( 2 ( – 3 ) + 9( 4 ) ) = 5 ( – 6 + 36 ) = 5( 30 ) = 150
𝟐
S10 – S5 = 150 – 25 = 125
∴ the sum from the sixth terms to the tenth term = 125
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
16. A certain A.P has 25 terms. The last three terms are , and .
𝒙;𝟒 𝒙;𝟏 𝒙
Calculate the value of x and the sum of all the terms of the progression.
Solution ( 7 / 2014 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ ) ( 153 / 2006 ရနးကုနး )
In the given A.P , n = 25 ,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
The last three terms = , ,
𝒙;𝟒 𝒙;𝟏 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
– = – =d
𝒙;𝟏 𝒙;𝟒 𝒙 𝒙;𝟏
𝒙;𝟒;𝒙:𝟏 𝒙;𝟏;𝒙
= =d =d
( 𝒙;𝟏 )( 𝒙;𝟒 ) 𝒙( 𝒙;𝟏 )
;𝟑 ;𝟏
= =d ,x≠1
𝒙𝟐 ;𝟓𝒙:𝟒 𝒙𝟐 ;𝒙
– 3x2 + 3x = – x2 + 5x – 4
0 = – x2 + 3x2 + 5x – 3x – 4
2x2 + 2x – 4 = 0
x2 + x – 2 = 0
( x + 2 )( x – 1 ) = 0 𝟏
If x = 1 , = undefined
x + 2 = 0 ( or ) x – 1 = 0 𝒙;𝟏
x = – 2 ( or ) x = 1 ( reject ) So x ≠ 1
∴x=–2
;𝟏 ;𝟏 𝟏
d= = =−
𝒙𝟐 ;𝒙 ( ;𝟐 )𝟐 ;( ;𝟐 ) 𝟔
S25 = ?
𝟏 𝟏
L = U25 = =–
𝒙 𝟐
𝟏
a + 24d = –
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
a + 24 ( − )=–
𝟔 𝟐
𝟏
a–4=–
𝟐
𝟏 𝟕
a=3 =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒏
Sn = [a+L]
𝟐
Page 72
𝟐𝟓 𝟕 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟕𝟓 𝟏
S25 = [ +(– )]= ( )= (3)= = 37
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. If the ratio of the sums of first m terms and the first n terms of an A.P is m2: n2 ,
then find the ratio of the 5th term and the 8th term. ( 8 / 2014 ပဲခူ့ )
Solution
Sm : Sn = m2: n2
∴ Sm =km2 and Sn = kn2
where k is a constant and natural number , i.e, k = 1,2,3,4,……
∴ Sx =kx2
U5 = S5 – S4 = k ( 5 )2– k ( 4 )2 = 25k – 16k = 9k
U8 = S8 – S7 = k ( 8 )2– k ( 7 )2 = 64k – 49k = 15k
∴ U5 : U8 = 9k : 15k = 3 : 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. If the ratio of the sums of first m terms and the first n terms of an A.P is m2: n2 ,
then show that the ratio of its mth term and the nth term is ( 2m – 1 ): ( 2n – 1 ).
Solution ( 29 / 12 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Sm : Sn = m2: n2
∴ Sm =km2 and Sn = kn2
where k is a constant and natural number , i.e, k = 1,2,3,4,……
∴ Sx =kx2
Ux = Sx – Sx - 1 = k( x )2– k( x – 1 )2 = kx2– k( x2 – 2x + 1 ) = kx2– kx2 + 2kx – k
∴ Ux = k( 2x – 1 )
Um = k( 2m – 1 )
Un = k( 2n – 1 )
∴ Um : Un = k( 2m – 1 ) : k( 2n – 1 ) = 2m – 1 : 2n – 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. If the ratio of the sum of the n terms of two A.P is ( 3n – 13 ): ( 5n + 21 ) then
find the ratio of the 24th terms of the two progression. ( 29 / 2012 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Solution
For the 1st A.P For the 2nd A.P
first term = U1 = a first term = U'1 = A
common difference = d common difference = D
the sum of the n terms = Sn the sum of the n terms = S'n
24th terms = U24 24th terms = U'24
𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] S'n = [ 2A + ( n – 1 )D ]
𝟐 𝟐
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d U'n = A + ( n – 1 )D
U24 = a + 23d U'24 = A + 23D
by given ,
Page 73
Sn : S'n = ( 3n – 13 ) : ( 5n + 21 )
𝑺𝒏 𝟑𝒏;𝟏𝟑
=
𝑺′𝒏 𝟓𝒏:𝟐𝟏
𝒏
[ 𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝒅 ]
𝟐 𝟑𝒏;𝟏𝟑
𝒏 =
[ 𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝑫 ] 𝟓𝒏:𝟐𝟏
𝟐
𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝒅 𝟑𝒏;𝟏𝟑
=
𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝑫 𝟓𝒏:𝟐𝟏 ထာ့ရမညးံ n တနးဖို့ = ( 2 x ရြာလိုေသာအၾကိမး ) – 1
if n = 47
𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝟒𝟕 – 𝟏 )𝒅 𝟑( 𝟒𝟕 );𝟏𝟑
=
𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝟒𝟕 – 𝟏 )𝑫 𝟓( 𝟒𝟕 ):𝟐𝟏
𝟐𝒂 + 𝟒𝟔𝒅 𝟏𝟒𝟏;𝟏𝟑
=
𝟐𝑨 + 𝟒𝟔𝑫 𝟐𝟑𝟓:𝟐𝟏
𝒂 + 𝟐𝟑𝒅 𝟏𝟐𝟖
=
𝑨 + 𝟐𝟑𝑫 𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝑼𝟐𝟒 𝟏
=
𝑼′𝟐𝟒 𝟐
the ratio of the 24th terms of the two progression = 1 : 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20.The sum of the n terms of two A.P’s are in the ratio of ( 13 – 7n ): ( 3n + 1 ) ,
prove that their first terms are as 3:2 and their second terms are as – 4 : 5 .
( 107 / 2008 မႏၱေလ့ )
Solution
For the 1st A.P For the 2nd A.P
first term = U1 = a first term = U'1 = A
common difference = d common difference = D
the sum of the n terms = Sn the sum of the n terms = S'n
24th terms = U24 24th terms = U'24
𝒏 𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] S'n = [ 2A + ( n – 1 )D ]
𝟐 𝟐
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d U'n = A + ( n – 1 )D
U2 = a + d U'2 = A + D
by given ,
Sn : S'n = ( 13 – 7n ) : ( 3n + 1 )
𝑺𝒏 𝟏𝟑;𝟕𝒏
=
𝑺′𝒏 𝟑𝒏:𝟏
𝒏
[ 𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝒅 ]
𝟐 𝟏𝟑;𝟕𝒏
𝒏 =
[ 𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝑫 ] 𝟑𝒏:𝟏
𝟐
𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝒅 𝟏𝟑;𝟕𝒏
=
𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝒏 – 𝟏 )𝑫 𝟑𝒏:𝟏 ထာ့ရမညးံ n တနးဖို့ = ( 2 x ရြာလိုေသာအၾကိမး ) – 1
if n = 1
Page 74
𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝟏 – 𝟏 )𝒅 𝟏𝟑;𝟕
=
𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝟏 – 𝟏 )𝑫 𝟑:𝟏
𝟐𝒂 𝟔
=
𝟐𝑨 𝟒
𝒂 𝟑
=
𝑨 𝟐
𝑼𝟏 𝟑
=
𝑼′𝟏 𝟐
U1 : U'1 = 3 : 2 ထာ့ရမညးံ n တနးဖို့ = ( 2 x ရြာလိုေသာအၾကိမး ) – 1
if n = 3
𝟐𝒂 + ( 𝟑 – 𝟏 )𝒅 𝟏𝟑;𝟐𝟏
=
𝟐𝑨 + ( 𝟑 – 𝟏 )𝑫 𝟗:𝟏
𝟐𝒂+𝟐𝒅 ;𝟖
=
𝟐𝑨+𝟐𝑫 𝟏𝟎
𝒂+𝒅 ;𝟒
=
𝑨+𝑫 𝟓
𝑼𝟐 ;𝟒
=
𝑼′𝟐 𝟓
U2 : U'2 = –4 : 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. If the first , second and last term of an A.P are a , b and 2a respectively. then
𝟑𝒂𝒃
show that the sum is . ( 15 / 2013 ရခိုငး )
𝟐(𝒃;𝒂 )
Solution
U1 = a , U2 = b
d=b–a
L = Un = U1 + ( n – 1 )d = a + ( n – 1 ) ( b – a ) = 2a
( n – 1 )( b – a ) = a
𝒂
n–1=
𝒃;𝒂
𝒂 𝒂:𝒃;𝒂 𝒃
n= +1= =
𝒃;𝒂 𝒃;𝒂 𝒃;𝒂
𝒃
𝒏 𝒃−𝒂 𝒃 𝟑𝒂𝒃
Sn = [a+L] = ( a + 2a ) = ( 3a ) =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐(𝒃;𝒂) 𝟐(𝒃;𝒂)
22. If S1 , S2 , S3 , are the sum of n,2n,3n terms of an A.P,
then show that 3 ( S2 – S1 ) = S3 ( 191 / 2003 ပဲခူ့ )
Solution
In the given A.P ,
the sum of n terms = Sn = S1
the sum of 2n terms = S2n = S2
the sum of 3n terms = S3n = S3
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏𝟐 𝒅 𝒏𝒅
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] = ( 2a + nd – d ) = an + –
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Page 75
𝒏𝟐 𝒅 𝒏𝒅
S1 = Sn = an + – အထူ့ အထူ့ အထူ့ သတိထာ့ရနး
𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒏𝟐 𝒅 𝟐𝒏𝒅 S1 , S2 , S3 တိသ
ု ညး ကိနး့လုဵ့ ှ လုဵ့ ဿ လုဵ့ ၀ လုဵ့
S2 = S2n = 2an + –
𝟐 𝟐 ေပါငး့်ခငး့မ္ာ့ လုဵ့ွမဟုတး
𝟗𝒏𝟐 𝒅 𝟑𝒏𝒅 ကိနး့လုဵ့ n လု့ဵ 2n လုဵ့ 3n လုဵ့ ေပါငး့်ခငး့မ္ာ့ သာ
S3 = S3n = 3an + –
𝟐 𝟐 ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ အထူ့သတိထာ့ရမညး။
𝟑𝒏𝟐 𝒅 𝒏𝒅
S2 – S1 = an + –
𝟐 𝟐
𝟗𝒏𝟐 𝒅 𝟑𝒏𝒅
3 ( S2 – S1 ) = 3an + – =S3
𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟐
23. ( i ) Which term of the progression 19 + 18 + 17 +…….is the first negative
𝟓 𝟓
term ?
( ii ) What is the smallest number of terms which must be taken for their sum to
be negative.
( iii )Calculate this sum exactly. ( 3 / 2014 မႏၱေလ့ )
ေမ့ချနး့ကို သရုပးခၾျဲ ကညးံမယး

𝟏 𝟐
အပိုငး့ ( i )Which term of the progression 19 + 18 + 17 +……. is the first
𝟓 𝟓
negative term ?
Which term ေမ့လ္ြငး n ကို်မငး is ေနာကးတနးဖို့ Un ထာ့
is ေနာကးတျငး negative term ရြိသ်ဖငးံ Un သညး negative term ်ဖစးလာမညး၈
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ Un < 0 ်ဖစးလာမညး၈
အပိုငး့ ( ii ) What is the smallest number of terms which must be taken for their
sum to be negative.
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာကိနး့တနး့ရြိ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး အႏႈတး်ဖစးေစမညးံ အနညး့ဆုဵ့ကိနး့လုဵ့
အေရအတျကးကိုရြာပါ၈
ဥပမာ - ေပ့ထာ့ေသာကိနး့တနး့ = 4 , 1 , – 2 , – 5 , – 8 , – 11 , – 14 , ………
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ဿ လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 4 + 1 = 5
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 4 + 1 – 2 = 3
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ၁ လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 4 + 1 – 2 – 5 = – 2
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ၂ လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 4 + 1 – 2 – 5 – 8 = – 10
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ၃ လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = 4 + 1 – 2 – 5 – 8 – 11 = – 21
ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ အႏႈတး်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးမ္ာ့ = 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 ………
ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ အႏႈတး်ဖစးေနေသာ အငယးဆုဵ့ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး = 4
ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့အႏႈတး်ဖစးေစေသာ ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးအာ့ ဘယးႏြစးလုဵ့လညး့
မသိသ်ဖငးံ Sn ထာ့
ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့အႏႈတး်ဖစးရမညးဟု ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ Sn < 0 ထာ့်ပီ့ n ရြာေပ့
အပိုငး့ ( ii ) Calculate this sum exactly.
ထိုကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးရြိ ေပါငးလဒးတနးဖို့အာ့ ရြာေပ့ရနး
Page 76
ပုစာၦတျငး A.P ်ဖစးသညးဟုမေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ A.P ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ အရငး်ပ

Solution
𝟏 𝟐
for the progression , 19 + 18 + 17 +…….
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟒
U2 – U1 = 18 – 19 = –
𝟓 𝟓
𝟐 𝟏 𝟒
U3 – U2 = 17 – 18 =–
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
It is an A.P .
𝟒
a = 19 , d = –
𝟓
( i ) Un < 0 , n = ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
𝟒
19 + ( n – 1 ) ( – )<0
𝟓
𝟒
–(n–1)( ) < – 19
𝟓
𝟒
(n–1)( ) > 19
𝟓
𝟗𝟓
(n–1)>( ) = 23.7
𝟒
n > 23.7 + 1 = 24.7
25 > 24.7
n = 25
the first negative terms = U25 = a + 24d
𝟒 𝟒 𝟗𝟓;𝟗𝟔 𝟏
= 19 + 24 ( – ) = 19 – 24 ( )= =–
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝒏
( ii ) Sn < 0 , n = ? , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝒏
[ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ] < 0
𝟐
2a + ( n – 1 )d < 0
𝟒
2 ( 19 ) + ( n – 1 ) ( – ) < 0
𝟓
𝟒
–(n–1)( ) < – 38
𝟓
𝟒
( n – 1 ) ( ) > 38
𝟓
𝟑𝟖𝐱𝟓 𝟏𝟗𝟎
(n–1)>( )= = 47.5
𝟒 𝟒
n > 47.5 + 1 = 48.5 𝟏
a+ 24d = – ကို Part ( i ) တျငး ရြာ်ပီ့
49 > 48.5 𝟓
n = 49
𝟒𝟗 𝟏 ;𝟒𝟗 𝟒
( iii ) S49 = ( 2a + 48d ) = 49 ( a+ 24d ) = 49 ( – ))= =–9
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Page 77
24. If T1 , T2 , T3 are the sum of n terms of three series in A.P, the first term of each
being 1 and the respective common difference being 1,2,3,
then show that T1 + T3 = 2T2 ( 21 / 2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
𝒏
Sn = [Sn =2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
st
for 1 A.P , a = 1 , d = 1
the sum of n terms = Sn = T1
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏𝟐 𝒏
T1 = [ 2( 1 ) + ( n – 1 )1 ] = (2+n–1)= (n+1)= +
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
for 2nd A.P , a = 1 , d = 2
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏
T2 = [ 2( 1 ) + ( n – 1 )2 ] = ( 2 + 2n – 2 ) = ( 2n ) = n2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
for 3rd A.P , a = 1 , d = 3
𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝟑𝒏𝟐 𝒏
T3 = [ 2( 1 ) + ( n – 1 )3 ] = ( 2 + 3n – 3 ) = ( 3n – 1 ) = –
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏𝟐 𝒏 𝟑𝒏𝟐 𝒏 𝟒𝒏𝟐
T1 + T3 = + + – = = 2n2= 2T
2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. An arithmetic progression has 22 terms. The sum of the odd terms ( 1st , 3rd ,
5th , … ) is 253 and the sum of the even terms ( 2nd , 4th , 6th , …. ) is 275. Finf the last
term.
Solution ( 128 / 2007 မႏၱေလ့ )
U1 + U3 + U5 + …….. + U21 = 253
U1 = a , U21 = a + 20d
𝒏
Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
S11 = [ a + a + 20d ] = 253
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
[ 2a + 20d ] = 253
𝟐
a + 10d = 23 -------- ( 1 )
U2 + U4 + U8 + …….. + U22 = 275
U2 = a + d , U22 = a + 21d
𝒏
Sn = [ first term + last term ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
S11 = [ a + d + a + 21d ] = 275
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
[ 2a + 22d ] = 275
𝟐
a + 11d = 25 -------- ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )
d = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
a + 10 ( 2 ) = 23
Page 78
a=3
U22 = a + 21d = 3 + 21 ( 2 ) = 45
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. For a certain sequence S2n – Sn = 3n2. Then find the sum of the terms of that
sequence from the second term to eighth term.
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 + U6 + U7 + U8 – U1 = U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 + U6 + U7 + U8
S8 – S1 = The sum from second to eight terms
Solution
S2n – Sn = 3n2
the sum from U2 to U8 = S8 – S1
if n = 4 , 2n = 2 x 4 = 8 , S8 – S4 = 3 ( 4 )2 = 3 x 16 = 48
S8 – S4 = 48 ----- ( 1 )
if n = 2 , 2n = 2 x 2 = 4 , S4 – S2 = 3 ( 2 )2 = 3 x 4 = 12
S4 – S2 = 12 ----- ( 2 )
if n = 1 , 2n = 2 x 1 = 2 , S2 – S1 = 3 ( 1 )2 = 3 x 1 = 3
S2 – S1 = 3 ----- ( 3 )
Eq ( 1 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 3 )
S8 – S4 + S4 – S2 + S2 – S1 = 48 + 12 + 3
S8 – S1 = 63 = the sum from U2 to U8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. In a certain series , Sn = n2 + 2n , then find sum from the fifth term to eighth
term. Ans; sum from the fifth term to eighth term = 56
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. A polygon has 25 sides the length of which starting from the smallest side are
in A.P. If the perimeter of the polygon is 2100 cm and the length of the largest side
20 times that of the smallest, then find the smallest side and the common
difference of the A.P . ( 15 / 2013 ရခိုငး )
Solution
The sides of the polygon is an A.P.
𝒏
n = 25 , Un = a + ( n – 1 )d , Sn = [ 2a + ( n – 1 )d ]
𝟐
shortest side = a
longest side = U25
by given ,
U25 = 20 U1
a + 24d = 20a
19a – 24d = 0
S25 = 2100 ------ ( 1 )
𝟐𝟓
( 2a + 24d ) = 25( a + 12d ) = 2100
𝟐
Page 79
a + 12d = 84 ------ ( 2 )
19a – 24d = 0 ------ Eq ( 1 )

+ ( 2a + 24d = 168 ) ------ 2 x Eq ( 2 )
21a = 168
a = 8 in Eq ( 2 )
8 + 12d = 84
12d = 84 – 8 = 76
𝟏
d=6
𝟑
the length of smallest side = 8 cm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 80
G.P
Geometric Sequence or Geometric progression ေ်မြာကးပျာ့ကိနး့စဥးတနး့
အကယး၊ တူညီေသာအစီအစဥးသညး ေရြ႕ကိနး့တျငး ကိနး့ေသတစးခု ေ်မြာကးထညးံ်ခငး့်ဖငးံ
ေနာကးကိနး့ရရြိသညးံ အစီအစဥး်ဖစးေနပါက ၁ငး့ကို ေ်မြာကးပျာ့ကိနး့စဥးတနး့ ( G.P ) ဟုေခၚသညးး၈
ကိနး့စဥးတစးခုရြိ ကပးလ္ြကးေနာကးကိနး့မြ ကပးလ္ြကးေရြ႕ကိနး့ စာ့်ခငး့တနးဖိုမ္ာ့ တူေနသညးံအခါ

( သို႔ )
ေရြ႕ကိနး့တိုငး့ကိုတူညီေသာကိနး့ေသထညးံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့်ဖငးံေနာကးကိနး့ရပါက
၄ငး့ကို G.P ဟုေခၚသညး။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Common ratio ( r )
ေနာကးကိနး့ကို ေရြ႕ကိနး့်ဖငးံ စာ့၊ရေသာကိနး့ေသေလ့ကို
ဘုဵအခ္ဳိ့ တနးဖို့ေလ့ ( common ratio – r ) ဟု ေခၚသညး၈
အကယး၊ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 သညး G.P တစးခု်ဖစးလ္ြငး
𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟏+𝟏 𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟐
r= = r= = ေနာကးကိနး့
𝑼𝟏 𝑼𝟏 𝑼𝟏 𝑼𝟐−𝟏 r =
𝑼𝟑 𝑼𝟐+𝟏 𝑼𝟑 𝑼𝟑 ေရြ႕ကိနး့
r= = ( သို႕ ) r= =
𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟑−𝟏
𝑼𝟒 𝑼𝟑+𝟏 𝑼𝟒 𝑼𝟒
r= = r= =
𝑼𝟑 𝑼𝟑 𝑼𝟑 𝑼𝟒−𝟏 ေနာကးကိနး့= ေရြ႕ကိနး့ x r
𝑼𝒏+𝟏 𝑼𝒏
r= ( or ) r =
𝑼𝒏 𝑼𝒏−𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n ႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့အတျကး ေဖား်မဴလာ ထုတးယူ်ခငး့
G.P တစးခုသညး ေရြ႕ကိနး့၉ “ကိနး့ေသ - r ” ထညးံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ေနာကးကိနး့ ရသ်ဖငးံ
U1 = a = a x 1 = ar 0
U2 = U1 x r = ar 1 = ar 2 – 1
U3 = U2 x r = ar 1 x r = ar 2 = ar 3 – 1
U4 = U3 x r = ar 2 x r = ar 3 = ar 4 – 1 …………………
Un = ar n – 1
nth term= last term = final term = general term = Un = ar n – 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝑼𝒏 𝑼𝒏+𝟏
r= ( သို႔ ) r = မြတဆငးံ
𝑼𝒏−𝟏 𝑼𝒏
𝑼𝒏+𝟏
Un = Un – 1 x r n – 1 ( သို႔ ) Un = ဆိုသညးံ ေဖား်မဴလာမ္ာ့ ရလာမညး၈
𝒓
Page 81
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Sequence သညး A.P ်ဖစးေစ G.P ်ဖစးေစ A.P ေရာ G.P ပါ မ်ဖစးသညး်ဖစးေစ
သုဵ့လို႔ရေသာ ေဖား်မဴလာမြာ
Un = Sn – Sn – 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
G.P တစးခုရြိ မသိကိနး့ 4 ခု ⟶ a , r , n , Un
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
1. Find ( a ) the common ratio ( b ) the 10th term and ( c ) the nth term of each of
the following G.P.
𝟏
( i ) 4,2,1, ,…… ( ii ) – 2 , 4 , – 8 , 16 , …… ( iii ) 5,20,80,320,……
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟖 𝟒
( iv ) ,– , ,– ,…… (v) , , 2 , 3 ,……
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟖𝟏 𝟗 𝟑

( a ) If 2a – 1 , 4a + 1 , 15a – 3 , …..is a G.P, find the value of a and common ratio.
𝟏 𝟑
Ans ; a = 2 , r = 3 or a = ,r=–
𝟏𝟒 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 1. The fourth term of a G.P is 9 and the ninth terms is 2187. Find the
first 4 terms of the G.P.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
3. The second terms of a G.P is 64 and the fifth term is 27. Find the first 6 terms
𝟏 𝟏
of the G.P. Ans ; U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , U5 , U6 = 85 , 64 , 48 , 36 , 27 , 20
𝟑 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
5. The 4th terms of a G.P is 3 and the sixth term is 147. Find the first 3 terms of
the two possible geometric progression.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
1. The 4th term of a G.P is 1 and the 8th term is , then find the 9th term.
256
Solution
Un = arn – 1
G.P ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး
U4 = ar3 = 1  ( 1 )
စုဵ မ
𝟏 (±) =+ , (±) =
U8 = ar7 = (±)x(+)=± , ( ± ) x (– ) = ±
𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟏 (±)
𝒂𝒓𝟕 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟏 (±)x(±)=+ ,
(±)
=+
𝒂𝒓 𝟑= 𝟏
=
𝟐𝟓𝟔
Page 82
𝟏 𝟏
r4 = =(± )4
𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟒
𝟏
r=± in Eq ( 1 )
𝟒
𝟏
a( ± )3 = 1 ဤအဆငးံမြ ေအာကးပိုငး့ကို ( ± ) ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ မတျကးတတးလ္ြငး r = –
1
( သို႔ ) R =
1
𝟒 4 4
𝟏 ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ r တနးဖို့ႏြစးခုရြာ အဆိုပါ a ႏြငးံ r အတျဲႏြစးခုအတျကး U8 တနးဖို့ႏြစးခုရြာေပ့ပါ။
a( ± )= 1
𝟔𝟒
a = ± 64
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
U8 = ar8 = ± 64 ( ± )8 = ± 43 ( 𝟖 ) = ± ( 𝟓 ) = ±
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The sixth term of a G.P is 10 and the sixteenth term is 0.1. What is the eleventh
term.
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
𝟏
U16 = ar15 = 0.1 =
𝟏𝟎
5
U6 = ar = 10 ---------- ( 1 )
𝟏
𝒂𝒓𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 2
= == =( )
𝒂𝒓𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
r10 = ( )2
𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
r5 = ( or ) r5 = –
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
If r5 = , ar5 = 10
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
a( ) = 10
𝟏𝟎
a = 102
𝟏
U11 = ar10 = 102 ( )= 1
𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝟏
If r5 = – , ar5 = 10
𝟏𝟎
𝟏
a(– ) = 10
𝟏𝟎
a = – 102
𝟏
U11 = ar10 = – 102 ( )= –1
𝟏𝟎𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 83
ေနာကးထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

𝟏
( a ) The 4th term of a G.P is 1 and the 8th term is . Find the first term of that
𝟐𝟓𝟔
G.P. Ans ; a = ± 64
( b ) The third term of a G.P of positive terms is 18 and the fifth term is 162. Find
the first term. Ans ; a = 2
( c ) In a G.P the fourth term is 6 and the seventh term is – 48. Calculate the first
𝟑
term. Ans ; a = –
𝟒
( d ) The fifth term of a G.P of positive number is 48 and the seventh term is 192.
Find the first term. Ans ; a = 3
( e ) The 5th and 8th terms of a G.P are 32 and 256 respectively. Find the first term.
Ans ; a = 2
( f ) The 2nd term of a G.P is 4 and the 5th term is – 32. Find the first term and
common ratio. Ans ; a = – 2 , r = – 2
( g ) The 2nd term of a G.P is 64 and the 5th term is 27. Find the first term and
𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟑
common ratio. Ans ; a = ,r=
𝟑 𝟒
( h ) The sixth term of a geometric series of positive number is 10 and the sixteenth
term is 0.1. Find the eleventh term. Ans ; U11 = 1
( i ) In a G.P the fourth term is 6 and the seventh term is – 48. Find the eight term.
Ans ; U8 = 96
( j ) If the second and fifth term of a G.P is 6 and 48 respectively. Find the eighth
term of that G.P. Ans ; U8 = 384
( k ) If the third and sixth term of a G.P is 40 and 320 respectively. Find the eighth
term of that G.P. Ans ; U8 = 1280
( l ) In a G.P the fourth term is 18 and the seventh term is 486. Find the third term.
Ans ; U3 = 6
( m ) In a G.P the third term is 10 and the eighth term is 320. Find the fifth term.
Ans ; U5 = 40
Page 84
( n ) In a G.P the third term is 20 and the seventh term is 320. Find the fifth term.
Ans ; U5 = 80
( o ) In a G.P the fourth term is 12 and the seventh term is 96. Find the first term
𝟑
and the ninth term of that G.P. Ans ; a = ,U9 = 384
𝟐
( p ) The sixth term of an A.P is 32 while the 10th term s 48. Find the 21st term.
Ans ; U21 = 92
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. In a G.P , the 3rd term is 20 and 7th term is 320. Find nth term.
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
U7 = ar6 = 320
U3 = ar2 = 20 ------- ( 1 )
𝒂𝒓𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟔
= = 16
𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝟐𝟎𝟏
r4 = 16
r =  2 in ( 1 )
a( 2 )2 = 20
4a = 20 and a = 5
Un = ar n – 1 = 5 (  2 ) n – 1

𝟏
( a ) The 3rd term of a G.P is 1 and 8th term is . Find the common ratio and the nth
𝟑𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
term. Ans ; r = , Un = 𝒏−𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒
4. The first three term of a sequence are √𝟑 , √𝟑 , 1 .Show that it is a G.P and
find U5 .
Solution
𝟒
In the sequence √𝟑 , √𝟑 , 1
𝟏
𝟒
𝑼𝟐 √𝟑 𝟑𝟒. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= = 𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟏 = 𝟐−𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟒=
𝑼𝟏 √𝟑 𝟐.
−
𝟐 𝟒. 𝟒. 𝟒. √𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 . 𝟑 𝟑
𝑼𝟑 𝟏
= 𝟒
𝑼𝟐 √𝟑
𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟑 𝟏
= = 𝟒
𝑼𝟏 𝑼𝟐 √𝟑
Page 85
𝟏
It is a G.P and r = 𝟒
√𝟑
n–1
Un = ar
𝟏 𝟏 √𝟑
U5 = ar4 = √𝟑 ( 𝟏 )4 = √𝟑 ( 𝟏 )=
𝒙𝟒 𝟑
𝟑𝟒. 𝟑𝟒 .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Write down the next two terms of the sequence √𝟐 , √𝟏𝟎 , 5 √𝟐 , 5 √𝟏𝟎 ,….. and
determine the nth term of the sequence.
Solution
𝑼𝟐 √𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
= =√ = √𝟓
𝑼𝟏 √𝟐 𝟐
𝑼𝟑 𝟓√𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= = 𝟓√𝟏𝟎 = 𝟓√𝟓 = 5 = (√𝟓 )𝟐
= √𝟓
𝑼𝟐 √𝟏𝟎 √𝟓 √𝟓
It is a G.P.
a = √𝟐 , r = √𝟓
U5 = ar4 = √𝟐 ( √𝟓 )4 = √𝟐 ( 5 )2 = 25√𝟐
U6 = ar5 = √𝟐 ( √𝟓 )5 = √𝟐 ( 5 )2( √𝟓 ) = 25√𝟏𝟎
Un = ar n – 1 = √𝟐 ( √𝟓 ) n – 1

( a ) Write down the next two terms of the sequence √𝟐 , √𝟔 , 3 √𝟐 , 3 √𝟔 ,….. and
determine the nth term of the sequence.
Ans ; U5 = 9 √𝟐 , U6 = 9 √𝟔 , Un = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 ) n – 1 ( 12 / 13 ဧရာွတီ )( 164 / 06 ကခ္ငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟔
6. The first three term of the G.P are √𝟑 , √𝟑 , √𝟑 , then find the next term.
Solution
𝟏
𝟑
√𝟑 𝟑𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
a = √𝟑 , r = = 𝟏 = 𝟏 𝟏= 𝟑−𝟐 = 𝟏 = 𝟔
√𝟑
𝟑 𝟔 √𝟑
−
𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟔
𝟔
U3 = √𝟑
Un = ar n – 1
𝟔
𝟏
U4 = U3 x r = √𝟑 ( 𝟔 ) = 1
√𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
𝟖 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
8. Find which term of the geometric progression , √ , , ….. is √𝟔 .
𝟗 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
Page 86
𝟖 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 √𝟑
a= , r= x √ =
𝟗 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 √𝟐
Un = √𝟔
ar n – 1 = √𝟔 2 = ( √𝟐 )2 , 3 = ( √𝟑 )2
𝟖 √𝟑 n – 1 4 = ( √𝟒 )2 , 5 = ( √𝟓 )2
( ) = √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )
𝟗 √𝟐
√𝟑 n – 1 𝟗 𝟑𝟐 (√𝟑 )𝟒
( ) = x √𝟐 ( √𝟑 ) = = x √𝟐 ( √𝟑 ) = x √𝟐 ( √𝟑 )
√𝟐 𝟖 𝟐𝟑 (√𝟐 )𝟔
𝟓
√𝟑 n – 1 (√𝟑 ) √𝟑 5
( ) = =( )
√𝟐 (√𝟐 )𝟓 √𝟐
n–1=5
n=6
အထကးပါပုစာၦအာ့ ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့လညး့ ပုံေ်ပာငး့ ေမ့ႏိုငးသညး၈
𝟖 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
In a G.P , √ , , …..the nth term is √𝟔 , then find Un ?
𝟗 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
Which term ေမ့လ္ြငး Un ်မငး is ေနာကးတနးဖို့ Un ထာ့

𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟐𝟖
( a ) Which term of the G.P 2 + + +….. is ? Ans ; U7 =
𝟑 𝟗 𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟕𝟐𝟗
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
7. If the nth term of the G.P 3 ,√𝟑 ,1 ,… is ,then find then the number of terms.
𝟐𝟒𝟑
Solution
𝟏 𝟏
a=3,r= , Un =
√𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟏
arn – 1 =
𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
3( )n–1 = 𝟔
√𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
( √𝟑 ) 2 ( )n–1 =
√𝟑 ( √𝟑 )𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒏−𝟏 =
√𝟑 √𝟑 𝟏𝟒
( √𝟑 ) n – 1 = ( √𝟑 ) 14
Page 87
n – 1 = 14
n = 15
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑𝟐
( a ) In a G.P , , , …… the nth term is , then find the number of terms.
𝟐 𝟑 𝟗 𝟕𝟐𝟗
Ans ; n = 7
𝟑
( b ) In a G.P 12,6,3,….. the nth term is ,then find n. Ans ; n = 9
𝟔𝟒
( 1 ) Which term ⟶ Un = ?
( 2 ) find then the number of terms / find n ⟶ n = ?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
4. Find the 10th term of the sequence a 5 , a 4 b , a 3 b 2 , a 2 b 3 ,….. Which term of the
𝒂𝟐𝟎 𝒂𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝟐𝟎
sequence is 𝟏𝟓 ? Ans ; U11 = 𝟓 , U21 = 𝟏𝟓 ( 179/05 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
𝒃 𝒃 𝒃
Solution
a 5 , a 4 b , a 3 b 2 , a 2 b 3 ,…. is a G.P
𝒂𝟒 𝒃 𝒃
A = a 5 , r = 𝟓 = , Un = Ar n – 1 ,
𝒂 𝒂
9
U10 = Ar
5
𝒃 9 𝒃𝟗
=a ( ) = 𝟒
𝒂 𝒂
𝒃𝟐𝟎
Un = G.P ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး
𝒂𝟏𝟓
n–1 𝒃𝟐𝟎 (±) =+
စုဵ
Ar = 𝟏𝟓 မ
𝒃 (±) =
𝒃 𝒃𝟐𝟎 (±)x(+)=±
a5 ( ) n – 1 = 𝟏𝟓
𝒂 𝒂 ( ± ) x (– ) = ±
𝒃 𝒃𝟐𝟎 𝒃
( ) n – 1 = 𝟐𝟎 = ( )20 (±)x(±)=+
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 (±)
n – 1 = 20 =+
(±)
𝒃𝟐𝟎
n = 21 and U21 =
𝒂𝟏𝟓
5 4 3 2 2 3
𝒚𝟏𝟎 𝒚𝟏𝟎
( a ) Which term of the G.P x ,x y ,x y ,x y ,... is ? Ans ; U11 =
𝒙𝟓 𝒙𝟓
Page 88
𝟑
Example 2. The fourth term of a G.P exceeds the third by and the third term
𝟒𝟒
𝟏
exceeds the second term by . Find the first term and the sixth term of the G.P.
𝟐𝟐

8. In a G.P , the first term exceeds the third term by 36 and the sum of the second
and the third term is 18.Find the common ratio of the G.P.
Solution
U1 – U3 = 36
Excced ဆိုရငး ေရြ႕ ထဲက ေနာကးႏႈတး
a – ar2 = 36
U2 + U3 = 18
ar + ar2 = 18
𝒂;𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂(𝟏;𝒓𝟐 ) ( 𝟏;𝒓 )( 𝟏:𝒓 ) 𝟑𝟔𝟐
= = =
𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒓(𝟏:𝒓) 𝒓(𝟏:𝒓) 𝟏𝟖𝟏
(𝟏;𝒓)
= 2 ---------( 1 )
𝒓
1 – r = 2r
3r = 1
𝟏
r =
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. The sum of the fourth and the sixth term of a G.P is 90 and the sum of the seventh
and ninth term is 2430. Find the first term.
Solution
U4 + U6 = 90
ar3 + ar5 = 90 ------- ( 1 )
U7 + U9 = 2430
ar6 + ar8 = 2430
𝒂𝒓𝟔 :𝒂𝒓𝟖 𝒓𝟑 ( 𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟓 ) 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟕
= =
𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟓 ( 𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟓 ) 𝟗𝟎𝟏
3 3
r = 27 = 3
r = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a( 3 )3 + a( 3 )5 = 90
27a + 243a = 90
𝟏
270a = 90 and a =
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. ** The terms of a G.P are distinct. If the second term is 4 and the sum of its
third term and fourth term is 8, find the common ratio.
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
U2 = ar = 4
Page 89
U3 + U4 = ar2 + ar3 = ar ( r + r2 ) = 4 ( r2+ r ) = 8

r 2+ r = 2
r 2+ r – 2 = 0
( r + 2 )( r – 1 ) = 0
r + 2 = 0 ( or ) r – 1 = 0
r = – 2 ( or ) r = 1 ( reject , terms are distinct )
r=–2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပါငး့ပျာ့ကိနး့စဥးမ္ာ့တျငး U1 = a , U2 = ar , U3 = ar2 , U4 = a r3 ,.….်ဖစးသညးံအတျကး
( 1 ) r = 1 ်ဖစးသညးံအခါ U1 = a , U2 = a , U3 = a , U4 = a ,…..…. ်ဖစးလာမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့

ကိနး့လုဵ့ တစးလုဵ့ႏြငးံတစးလုဵ့ အတူတူပဲ ( The terms have same values ) ်ဖစးလာပါမညး။
ထိုေၾကာငးံ ပုစာၦတျငး
( I )The terms have same values ဟုေပ့ထာ့ပါက r = 1 ်ဖစးသညး
ဟုေပ့်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး။
( 2 ) r ≠ 1 ်ဖစးသညးံအခါ r တနးဖို့အလိုကး ကိနး့လုဵ့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ တစးလုဵ့ႏြငးံတစးလုဵ့ မတူသ်ဖငးံ

ကိနး့လုဵ့ တစးလုဵ့ႏြငးံတစးလုဵ့ မတူညီေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ေဆာငးေနသညး။ ( Terms are distinct )
်ဖစးလာပါမညး။ထိုေၾကာငးံ ပုစာၦတျငး
( II ) Terms are distinct ဟုေပ့ထာ့ပါက r ≠ 1 ်ဖစးသညး
ဟုေပ့်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး။ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ကို r = 1 ပယးရပါမညး။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. If the four numbers forming a G.P are such that the third term is greater than
the first by 9 and the second term is greater than the fourth by 18 , then find the
numbers.
Solution
The four numbers forming a G.P
let the four numbers = U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 = a , ar , ar2 , ar3.
by given ,
U3 – U2 = 9 greater than ဆိုရငး ေရြ႕ ထဲက ေနာကး ႏႈတး
ar2 – ar = 9 -------- ( 1 ) less than ဆိုရငး ေနာကး ထဲက ေရြ႕ ႏႈတး
U2 – U4 = 9
ar – ar3 = 18 -------- ( 2 )
𝒂𝒓;𝒂𝒓𝟑 ;𝒂𝒓(𝒓𝟐 ;𝟏) 𝟏𝟖𝟐
= =
𝒂𝒓𝟐 ;𝒂 𝒂(𝒓𝟐 ;𝟏) 𝟗𝟏
–r=2
 r = – 2 in Eq ( 1 )
a(– 2 )2 – a = 9
4a – a = 9
Page 90
3a = 9
a=3
a , ar , ar2 , ar3 = 3 , 3(– 2 ) , 3(– 2 )2 , 3(– 2 )2 = 3 , – 6 , 12 , – 24
the four numbers = 3 , – 6 , 12 , – 24
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. In a G.P , that the first term exceeds the third term by 72 and the sum of the
second and third term is 36.Find the first term.
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
Excced ဆိုရငး ေရြ႕ ထဲက ေနာကးႏႈတး
U1 – U3 = 72
a – ar2 = 72 -------- ( 1 )
U2 + U3 = 36
ar – ar2 = 36
𝒂;𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂(𝟏;𝒓𝟐 ) 𝒂(𝟏;𝒓)( 𝟏:𝒓 ) ( 𝟏;𝒓 ) 𝟕𝟐𝟐
= = = =
𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒓(𝟏:𝒓) 𝒂𝒓(𝟏:𝒓) 𝒓 𝟑𝟔𝟏
1 – r = 2r
3r = 1
𝟏
r= in Eq ( 1 )
𝟑
𝟏 𝒂 𝟗𝒂;𝒂 𝟖𝟏 𝒂
a – a( )2 = a – = = = 729
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
a = 81
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13.A G.P contains seven terms and each term is positive . Given that the first term
𝟏𝟐𝟖
is 2 and the last term is , calculate the middle terms.
𝟕𝟐𝟗
Solution
n = 7 , a = 2 , middle term = U4 = ?
Un = ar n – 1
𝟏𝟐𝟖
U7 =
𝟕𝟐𝟗
𝟏𝟐𝟖
ar6 = 2 x r6 =
𝟕𝟐𝟗
𝟔𝟒 𝟐
r6 = = ( )6 ( ∵ term are positive )
𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟑
𝟐 𝟖
r3 = ( )3 =
𝟑 𝟐𝟕
𝟖 𝟏𝟔
middle term = U4 = ar3 = 2 x =
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 91
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ sequence တစးခု U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 သညး G.P တစးခု်ဖစးသညးဆိုပါက

𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟒
= ( မလျမ
ဲ ေသျ ) ်ဖစးသညး။ ( အ်ပနးအလြနးအာ့်ဖငးံ )
𝑼𝟏 𝑼𝟑
𝑼𝟐 𝑼𝟒
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ sequence တစးခု U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 ၉ = ်ဖစးေနပါက
𝑼𝟏 𝑼𝟑
U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 သညး G.P တစးခု ( မလျမ
ဲ ေသျ ) ်ဖစးသညး။
Exercise 5.4
9. If a , b , c , d is a G.P, show that a 2 – b 2 , b 2 – c 2 , c 2 – d 2 is also a G.P.
Solution ( 193 / 2004 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
a , b , c , d is a G.P.
Un = ar n – 1
U1 = a , b = U2 = ar , c = U2 = ar2 , d = U3 = ar3
𝒃𝟐 ;𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 ;𝒅𝟐
a 2 – b 2 , b 2 – c 2 , c 2 – d 2 is a G.P only if = ( မေရ့လဲ ရသညး၈ )
𝒂𝟐 ;𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 ;𝒄𝟐
𝒃𝟐 ;𝒄𝟐 ( 𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 ;( 𝒂𝒓𝟐 )𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟐 ;𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟒 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟐 ( 𝟏;𝒓𝟐 )
= = = = r2
𝒂𝟐 ;𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 ;( 𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 𝒂𝟐 ;𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝟐 ( 𝟏;𝒓𝟐 )
𝒄𝟐 ;𝒅𝟐 ( 𝒂𝒓𝟐 )𝟐 ;( 𝒂𝒓𝟑 )𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟒 ;𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟔 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟒 ( 𝟏;𝒓𝟐 )
= = = = r2
𝒃𝟐 ;𝒄𝟐 ( 𝒂𝒓 )𝟐 ;( 𝒂𝒓𝟐 )𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟐 ;𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟒 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟐 ( 𝟏;𝒓𝟐 )
𝒃𝟐 ;𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 ;𝒅𝟐
∴ =
𝒂𝟐 ;𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 ;𝒄𝟐
∴ a – b , b 2 – c 2 , c 2 – d 2 is a G.P
2 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
10. If a , b , c , d is a G.P, show that
𝒃:𝒄 𝒂:𝒄
(i) = ( ii ) ( a + d )( b + c ) – ( a +c )( b + d ) = ( b – c ) 2
𝒄:𝒅 𝒃:𝒅
Solution
a , b , c , d is a G.P.
Un = ar n – 1
U1 = a , b = U2 = ar , c = U2 = ar2 , d = U3 = ar3
𝒃:𝒄 𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒓(𝟏:𝒓) 𝟏
( i ) L.H.S = = = =
𝒄:𝒅 𝒂𝒓𝟐 :𝒂𝒓𝟑 𝒂𝒓𝟐 ( 𝒓:𝒓) 𝒓
𝒂:𝒄 𝒂:𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂(𝟏:𝒓𝟐 )
𝟏
R.H.S = = = =
𝒃:𝒅 𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟑 𝒂𝒓(𝒓:𝒓𝟐 ) 𝒓
 L.H.S = R.H.S
𝒃:𝒄 𝒂:𝒄
 =
𝒄:𝒅 𝒃:𝒅
( ii ) L.H.S = ( a + d )( b + c ) – ( a +c )( b + d ) = ab + ac + bd + cd – ab – ad – bc – cd
Page 92
= ac + bd – ad – bc = a ( ar2) + ( ar )( ar3) – a( ar3) – ( ar)( ar2)

= a2r2 + a2r4 – a2r3 – a2r3 = a2r2 + a2r4 – 2a2r3= a2r2 – 2a2r3 + a2r4
R.H.S = ( b – c ) 2 = ( ar – ar2)2 = ( ar )2 – 2( ar )( ar2) + ( ar2 )2
= a2r2 – 2a2r3 + a2r4
L.H.S = R.H.S
( a + d )( b + c ) – ( a +c )( b + d ) = ( b – c ) 2

𝒃:𝒅 𝒂:𝒄
( a ) If a , b , c , d is a G.P, then show that = .
𝒄:𝒅 𝒃:𝒄
𝒃:𝒄 𝒂:𝒄 𝒃:𝒅 𝒂:𝒄
( အထကးပါ No 10 ပုစာၦႏြငးံ = အစာ့ = ညာေထာငးံ်ဖတးေနရာ Change ထာ့
𝒄:𝒅 𝒃:𝒅 𝒄:𝒅 𝒃:𝒄
တာပဲကာျ သညး r တနးဖို့ေတာံ အေ်ပာငးအလဲ ်ဖစးသျာ့မညး၈ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
11. If a,b,c is an A.P. and x,y,z is a G.P. , show that x b – c y c – a z a –b = 1
Solution
a,b,c is an A.P.
Un = a + ( n – 1 )d
U1 = a , U2 = a + d , U3 = a + 3d
x,y,z is a G.P.
Un = ar n – 1
U1 = x , U2 = xr , U3 = xr2
x b – c y c – a z a –b = x a + d – a –2d ( xr ) a + 2d – a ( xr2) a – a – d
= x – d ( xr )2d ( xr2) – d = x – d x 2d r 2d x–d r –2d
= x – d + 2d – d r 2d – 2d = x0 r 0 = 1( 1 ) = 1
အထကးပါ 9 , 10 , 11 ပုစာၦ ၀ ပုဒး တျကးရာတျငး

9 မြာ G.P ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ L.H.S , R.H.S တပးစရာမလို
10 မြာ ဘယး ႏြငးံ ညာ ညီေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့ရာတျငး ဘယးဘကးကိုရြာပါက ညာဘကးတနး့မရသ်ဖငးံ
L.H.S , R.H.S တပးေပ့ရမညး။
11 မြာလဲ ဘယး ႏြငးံ ညာ ညီေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့်ခငး့ ်ဖစးေသားလညး့ ဘယးဘကးကိုရြာပါက ညာဘကး
တနး့ရသ်ဖငးံ L.H.S , R.H.S တပးေပ့စရာမလို။ ( တပးလိုက တပးႏိုငးသညး။ )
ထိုေၾကာငးံ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ရြငး့ရာတျငး
( 1 ) ဘယးဘကးကိုရြာ၍ ညာဘကးတနး့မရေသာအခါ L.H.S , R.H.S တပးေပ့ရမညး။
( 2 ) ဘယးဘကးကိုရြာ၍ ညာဘကးတနး့ရေသာအခါ L.H.S , R.H.S တပးေပ့စရာမလို။
( လကးအေညာငး့ခဵ်ပီ့ တပးလိုကတပးႏိုငးသညး။ )
Page 93
G.M
Geometric Mean ( ေ်မြာကးပျာ့အလယးကိနး့ )
GP တစးခုရြိ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ၾကာ့ရြိ အလယးကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ကို ေ်မြာကးပျာ့အလယးကိနး့
Geometric Mean ( G.M ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈ ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ G.M ဿ မ္ဳိ့ ရြိသညး၈
( 1 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငးံ q ) ၾကာ့ တစးလုဵ့တညး့ရြိေသာ G.M မ္ဳိ့ ႏြငးံ
( 2) ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငးံ q ) ၾကာ့ တစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာ G.M မ္ဳိ့
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 1 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငးံ q ) ၾကာ့ G.M တစးလုဵ့တညး့ ရြာလိုလ္ြငး
G.M between p and q = ± √𝒑𝒒
ဥပမာ - 3 ႏြငးံ 12 ၾကာ့ရြိ G.M တစးလုဵ့တနးဖို့ = ± √𝟑𝐱𝟏𝟐 = ± √𝟑𝟔 = ± 6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
𝟑 𝟖
7. Find two different value of x , so that – ,x,– will be a G.P.
𝟐 𝟐𝟕
Solution
𝟖
𝟑 𝟖 𝒙 –
𝟐𝟕
– ,x,– will be a G.P. only if 𝟑 =
𝟐 𝟐𝟕 –𝟐 𝒙
𝟖
𝒙 – 𝟐𝟕
if 𝟑 =
–𝟐 𝒙
𝟑 𝟖 𝟒
x2 = ( – )( – )=
𝟐 𝟐𝟕 𝟗
𝟐
x = ±
𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
x= ( or ) x = –
𝟑 𝟑
2nd Method ( G.M Method )

Solution
𝟑 𝟖
– ,x,– will be a G.P.
𝟐 𝟐𝟕
only If x is a G.M between
𝟑 𝟖
– and – .
𝟐 𝟐𝟕
𝟑 𝟖 𝟒 𝟐
x = ± √( – )( – ) =± √ =±
𝟐 𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 94
( 2 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငးံ q ၾကာ့ ) G.M တစးလုဵ့ထကး ပိုရြာလိုေသာအခါ

အဆငးံ ( 1 ) လိုေသာ G.M အေရအတျကးအာ့ x1 , x2 , x3 ,……… စသညး်ဖငးံ လိုသေလာကးထာ့
အဆငးံ ( 2 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုၾကာ့ လိုေသာ G.M အေရအတျကးအာ့ အစာ့သျငး့
p , x1 , x2 , x3 ,……, q is a G.P လို႔ ေရ့
အဆငးံ ( 3 ) ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ p = U1 ႏြငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ q = U အၾကိမး တို႔မြတစးဆငးံ a ႏြငးံ r ရြာ၈
အဆငးံ ( 4 ) x1 = ar , x2 = ar 2 , x3 = ar 3 ,…… တို႔မြတစးဆငးံ လိုေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ရြာ၈
ဥပမာ၈ ၈ Insert The three G.Ms between 3 and
အဆငးံ( 1 ) Let the two G.Ms between 3 and 81 = x1 , x2 , x3
အဆငးံ( 2 )  3 , x1 , x2 , x3 , 48 is a G.P.
အဆငးံ( 3 ) a = 3 , Un = arn – 1
U5 = ar4 = 3r4 =48
r4 = 16 = ( ± 2 )4
r =±2
အဆငးံ( 4 ) x1= ar = 3 ( ± 2 ) = ± 6 , x2= ar2 = 3( ± 2 )2 = 3 ( 4 ) = 12
x3= ar2 = 3( ± 2 )3 = 3 ( ± 8 ) = ± 24 = – 24 ( or ) 24
 The three G.Ms = – 6 , 12 , – 24 ( or ) 6 , 12 , 24
Exercise 5.5
11. Insert two geometric meana between 2 and 128.
Solution
Let the two G.Ms between 3 and 81 = x1 , x2
 2 , x1 , x2 , 128 is a G.P.
a = 3 , Un = arn – 1
U4 = ar3 = 2r3 = 128
r3 = 64 = ( 4 )3
r =4
x1= ar = 2 ( 4 ) = 8 , x2= ar2 = 2( 4 )2 = 2( 16 ) = 32
 The two G.Ms = 8 , 32
ကိနး့ ဿ ခုၾကာ့
( 1 ) G.M စုဵ လု့ဵ ရြာခိုငး့ပါက ကိနး့တနး့

1 မ္ဳိ့တညး့ ရမညး။
( 2 ) G.M မ လု့ဵ ရြာခိုငး့ပါက ကိနး့တနး့ 2 မ္ဳိ့ ရမညး။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 95
Exercise 5.5
12. The ratio of the two positive numbers is 9;1. If the sum of the arithmetic
mean and the positive geometric mean between the two numbers is 96, find the
two numbers.
Solution
Let 9x , x
𝒙:𝟗𝒙
A.M between x and 9x = = 5x
𝟐
Positive G.M between x and 9x = √𝒙( 𝟗𝒙 ) = √𝟗𝒙𝟐 = 3x
By given ,
A.M + G.M = 5x + 3x = 96
8x = 96
x = 12 and 9x - 108
∴ the two numbers are 108 and 12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
13. If the arithmetic mean between x and y is 15 and the geometric meanis 9 ,
find x and y.
Solution
𝒙:𝒚
A.M between x and y = = 15
𝟐
x + y = 30 and y = 30 – x
G.M between x and y = √𝒙𝒚 = ± 9
xy = 81
x( 30 – x ) = 81
30x – x2 = 81
x2 – 30x + 81 = 0
( x – 27 )( x – 3 ) = 0
x = 27 or x = 3
If x = 27 , y = 3 and x = 3 , y = 27
x , y = 27, 3 ( or ) 3,27

14. The geometric mean between √𝟏𝟒 – √𝟓 and √𝟏𝟒 + √𝟓 is
Solution
G.M between √𝟏𝟒 – √𝟓 and √𝟏𝟒 + √𝟓 = √( √𝟏𝟒 – √𝟓 )( √𝟏𝟒 + √𝟓 )
𝟐 𝟐
= √( √𝟏𝟒 – √𝟓 )
= √ 𝟏𝟒 – 𝟓 = √𝟗 =  3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. The A.M. between two positive numbers x and y is 3 and G.M is √𝟕 ,
Page 96
then find x 2 + y 2.
Solution
G.M between x and y = ± √𝒙𝒚 = √ 𝟕
xy = 7
𝒙:𝒚
A.M between x and y = =3
𝟐
x+y=6
( x + y )2 = 62
x 2 + 2xy + y 2 = 36
x 2 + 2( 7 ) + y 2 = 36
x 2 + y 2 = 36 – 14 = 22
ေနာကးထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question ပုစာၦ

( a ) For two numbers a and b , the A.M is 3 and G.M is 2√𝟐 , then find a2 + b2.
Ans ; 20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. If the A.M. between 2 and x is 4 and G.M between 3 and y is 6 , then what is the
value of √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 .
Solution
G.M between 3 and y = ± √𝟑𝒚 = 6
3y = 36 and y = 12
𝟐:𝒙
A.M between 2 and x = =4
𝟐
2+x=8
x=6
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = √𝟔𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟐 = √𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒 = √𝟏𝟖𝟎 = √𝟑𝟔 𝒙 𝟓 = 6 √𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. Let x be the A.M between a and b. If p and q are two G.M between a and b , then
𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐
find the value of + .
𝒒 𝒑
Solution
the two G.M.s between a and b = p , q
a , p , q , b is a G.P
p = ar , q = ar2 , b = ar3
p2 = a2r2 , q = a2r4
𝒂:𝒃
A.M between a and b = = x
𝟐
a + b = 2x
a + ar3 = 2x
𝒑𝟐 𝒒𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝟒
+ = 𝟐 + = a + ar3 = 2x
𝒒 𝒑 𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒓
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Page 97
Mean ႏြငးံ Arithmetic Mean /Geometric Mean ၾကာ့ ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး
Mean ( သမတးကိနး/ပ္မး့မ္ြကိနး့ )
ကိနး့တနး့တစးခုရြိ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့၏ ပ္မး့မ္ြတနးဖို့မြာ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ကို ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ်ဖငးံ စာ့၍
ရသညးံတနးဖို့ ်ဖစးသညး။
𝒂:𝒃:𝒄:𝒅
Mean of a , b , c , d =
𝟒
Arithmetic Mean /Geometric Mean ( ေပါငး့/ေ်မြာကးပျာ့အလယးကိနး့ )

A.P / G.P ကိနး့တနး့တစးခုရြိ ေပါငး့/ေ်မြာကးပျာ့အလယးကိနး့မြာ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ကို
ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ်ဖငးံ စာ့၍ရသညးံတနးဖို့ မဟုတးပဲ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ႏြငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့မ္ာ့အၾကာ့
ကိနး့ေသတစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ေပါငး့/ေ်မြာကးပျာ့ေပ့ရသညးံ အလယးကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးသညး။
18. Given that 2 , a , b , 128 is a G.P , then find the mean of a and b.
Solution
a and b are two geometric mean between 2 and 128
2 , a , b , 128 is G.P
2r3 = 128
r3 = 64 = 43
r=4
a + b = 2r + 2r2 = 2 ( 4 ) + 2( 4 )2 = 8 + 32 = 40
𝒂:𝒃 𝟒𝟎
mean = = = 20
𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sum of terms in a G.P
Sum of first “n” terms in an A.P
a , ar , ar2, ar3, ar4 သညး G.P တစးခု ်ဖစးသညး ဆိုပါစို႔၈ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 = S5
S5 = a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4  ( 1 )
အကယး၊ ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့ကို r ်ဖငးံေ်မာကးေသား
rS5 = ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 + ar5  ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) မြ Eq ( 1 ) အာ့ ႏႈတးေသား
rS5 = ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 + ar5
(–) S5 = a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4
rS5 – S5 = – a + ar5
rS5 – S5 = – a + ar5 = ar5 – a
Page 98
S5 ( r – 1) = a( r5 – 1 )
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟓 ;𝟏) ;𝒂( 𝟏; 𝒓𝟓 ) 𝒂( 𝟏; 𝒓𝟓 )
S5 = ( or ) S5 = =
𝒓;𝟏 ;( 𝟏;𝒓 ) ( 𝟏;𝒓 )
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟓 ;𝟏) 𝒂( 𝟏; 𝒓𝟓 )
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ S5 = ( or ) S5 =
𝒓;𝟏 ( 𝟏;𝒓 )
အကယး၊ 5 ေနရာတျငး n အစာ့သျငး့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏 ;𝟏) 𝒂( 𝟏; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn = ( or ) Sn =
𝒓;𝟏 𝟏;𝒓
အကယး၊ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ = first term = a = U
1
= number of term = n
ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ
common ratio = r , sum of first n term = Sn တို႔ ်ဖစးၾကလ္ြငး
Sn = ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ G.P တစးခုရြိ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ n လုဵ့ ေပါငး့လဒး
1. If l r l= 1 ( r တနးဖို့ 1 ႏြငံးညီလ္ြငး )
Sn = na
2. If l r l > 1 ( r တနးဖို့ 1 ထကးႀကီ့လ္ြငး )

𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏 ;𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓;𝟏
3. If l r l < 1 ( r တနးဖို့ 1 ေအာကးငယးလ္ြငး )
𝒂 (𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn =
𝟏; 𝒓
Sn ႏြငံး Un ၾကာ့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး
U2 = S2 – S1
U3 = S3 – S2
U1 = S1 Un = Sn – Sn – 1 U4 = S4 – S3
ကိနး့တနး့သညး A.P ်ဖစးေစ G.P ်ဖစးေစ ( A.P/G.P မဟုတးသညး်ဖစးေစ ) ဤေဖား်မဴလာ သုဵ့ႏိုငးသညး၈

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒 𝟖
Example 4. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of the G.P. 3 , 2 , , , ….
𝟑 𝟗
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 99
Exercise 5.5
1. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the following G.P.
𝟏
(i)4,2,1, , …. ( ii ) – 2, 4 , – 8 , 16 ,……
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( iii ) ,– , ,– , …. ( iv ) 5 . 20 , 80 , 320 , …..
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟖𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
1. Find n , if
( i ) 3 + 32 + 33 +…….. + 3n = 120
2 3 n
( ii ) 2 + 2 + 2 +…….. + 2 = 510 ( 182 / 2005 ရခိုငး )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) If 3 + 32 + 33 + 34 + ………+3n = 363 , then find n. ( or )
How many terms of the G.P 3 + 32 + 33 + ……… give a sum of 363. Ans ; n = 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
သတိထာ့ရနး
2 1 + 2 2 + 23 ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ 3 လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
21 + 22 + 23 + ………+26 ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ 6 လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
21 + 22 + 23 + ………+2n ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ n လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
1 + 21 + 22 + 23 + ………+2n ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ n+1 လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
𝟏 ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ n+2 လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး

+ 1 + 21 + 22 + 23 + ………+2n
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ n+3 လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး

+ + 1 + 21 + 22 + 23 + ………+2n
𝟐𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. If 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ………+2n = 1023 , then find n.
Solution
1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ………+2n = 1023
ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ n + 1 လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
Page 100
2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ………+2n = 1023 – 1 = 1022

ကိနး့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ n လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟑
=2 , 𝟐
= 2 and =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐
It is a G.P
a = 2 , r = 2 , Sn = 1022
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn = , r>1
𝒓; 𝟏
𝟐𝟏 ( 𝟐𝒏; 𝟏 )
1022511 = ,
𝟐; 𝟏
511 = 2n – 1
2n = 512 = 29
n=9

( a ) Find n if 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ..…+2n = 511 .
( b ) If 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 +…..+3n = 1093 , find n. Ans ; n = 6
( c ) Find n if 1 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ……+3n = 3280 . Ans ; n = 7
်ဖညးံစျကးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑
( i ) Find n if + 1 + 2 + 22 + 23 + ..…+2n =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 2 3 n 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟕
( ii ) Find n if + + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ..…+2 =
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟓
( iii ) Find n if + + + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ..…+2n =
2 3
𝟖 𝟒 𝟐 𝟖
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. Find the sum of the first nine terms of a G.P 2 + 22 + 23 + ……… Ans; S9 = 1022
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. The sum of the G.P 2,4,8,16,…… is 126 . Then find the number of terms. Ans ; 6

( a ) How many terms of the G.P 6 , 12 , 24 , …… give a sum of 3066. Ans ; n = 9
( b ) How many terms of the G.P 3 , 6 , 12 , …… give a sum of 765. Ans ; n = 8
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Page 101
Exercise 5.5
2. Show that 1 + √𝟐 + 2 + 2√𝟐 + ….. to 12 terms = 63 ( √𝟐 + 1 )
( 181 / 05 ရခိုငး )
22. Show that √𝟐 + √𝟔 + 3√𝟐 + 3√𝟔 + ….. to 6 terms = 13 ( √𝟔 + √𝟐 )
Solution
for √𝟐 + √𝟔 + 3√𝟐 + 3√𝟔 + …….
√𝟔 𝟔
= √ = √𝟑
√𝟐 𝟐
𝟑√𝟐 𝟑√𝟐 𝟑 √𝟑 𝟑√𝟑
= = x = = √𝟑
√𝟔 √𝟐√𝟑 √𝟑 √𝟑 √𝟑
 It is a G.P.
a = √𝟐 , r = √𝟑 , n = 6
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓;. 𝟏 . .
𝟔
√𝟐( √𝟑 ; 𝟏 ) √𝟐( 𝟑𝟑 ; 𝟏 ) √𝟐( 𝟐𝟕 ; 𝟏 ) √𝟑: 𝟏
.
S6 = = = x
. 𝟏
√𝟑;
√𝟑; 𝟏 √𝟑; 𝟏 √𝟑: 𝟏
.
𝟐𝟔 ( √𝟔 :√𝟐 ) 𝟐𝟔 ( √𝟔 :√𝟐 )
= = = 13 ( √𝟔 + √𝟐 )
𝟑;𝟏 𝟐

( a ) Show that 1 + √𝟑 + 3 + 3√𝟑 + ….. to 16 terms = 3280 ( √𝟑 + 1 )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
3. Solve the equation
𝒙𝟏𝟐
1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6+ x7+ x8 + x9+ x10+ x11 = x + 3 +
𝒙;𝟏

𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝟓
23. Solve the equation 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ……. + x 20 = –x+
𝒙;𝟏 𝟐
Solution
𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝟓
1 + x + x2 + x3 + ……. + x 20 = –x+
𝒙;𝟏 𝟐
2 3 20 𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝟓 𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝟑
x + x + x + ……. + x = –x+ –1= –x+
𝒙;𝟏 𝟐 𝒙;𝟏 𝟐
for x + x2 + x3 + …………. + x 20
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑
= x , 𝟐 = x and = 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Page 102
 it is a G.P.
a = x , r = x , n = 20
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓; 𝟏. . . .
𝒙 ( 𝒙𝟐𝟎; 𝟏 ) ( 𝒙𝟐𝟏; 𝒙 ) 𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝒙
S20 = = = –
. 𝒙; 𝟏
. 𝒙; 𝟏 𝒙; 𝟏 𝒙; 𝟏
𝟐𝟏 𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝟑
𝒙 𝒙
 – = –x+
𝒙;
. 𝟏 𝒙; 𝟏 𝒙;𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 𝟑
– =–x+
𝒙; .𝟏 𝟐
𝒙 𝟑
x– =
𝒙; 𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟐 ;𝒙;𝒙 𝟑
=
𝒙; 𝟏 𝟐
𝒙𝟐 ;𝟐𝒙 𝟑
=
𝒙; 𝟏 𝟐
2
2x – 4x = 3x – 3
2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
( 2x – 1 ) ( x – 3 )= 0
𝟏
x = ( or ) x = 3
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙𝟗
( a ) Solve the equation 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 + x6 + x7 + x8 = x + 3 + .
𝒙;𝟏
Ans ; x = – 1 ± √𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
မ္ဳိ့တူပုဵစဵကျဲ Old Question မ္ာ့
24. Find the sum of the first 12 terms of the series 2 + 3 + 22 + 32 + 23 + 33 + ……
Solution
2 + 3 + 22 + 32 + 23 + 33 + ………to 12th term
= ( 2 + 22 + 23 + ……….to 6th term ) + ( 3 + 32 + 33 + ………to 6th term )
for 2 + 22 + 23 + ……….to 6th term

𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟑
=2 , 𝟐
= 2 and =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐
It is a G.P
a=2,r=2,n=6
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓; 𝟏
𝟐 ( 𝟐𝟔; 𝟏 )
S6 = = 2 ( 64 – 1 ) = 2 x 63 = 126
𝟐; 𝟏
Page 103
for 3 + 32 + 33 + ………to 6th term

𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟑
=3 , 𝟐
= 3 and =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝟐
It is a G.P
a=3,r=3,n=6
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓;. 𝟏 . . .
𝟑 ( 𝟑𝟔; 𝟏 ) 𝟑 ( 𝟕𝟐𝟗; 𝟏 ) 𝟑 ( 𝟕𝟐𝟖 ) 𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟒
S6 = = = = = 1092
𝟑; 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2 + 3 + 22 + 32 + 23 + 33 + ………to 12th term = 126 + 1092 = 1218
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. Evaluate ( b + 5 ) + ( b2 + 5 ) + ( b3+ 5 ) + ….. to 38 terms.
Solution
( b + 5 ) + ( b2 + 5 ) + ( b3+ 5 ) + ….. to 38 terms
= ( b + b2 + b3 + ….. to 38 terms ) + ( 5 + 5 + 5 + …… to 38 terms )
= ( b + b2 + b3 + ….. to 38 terms ) + ( 5 x 38 )
= ( b + b2 + b3 + ….. to 38 terms ) + 190
for the series , b + b2 + b3 + …..
𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟑
=b, 𝟐
= b and =
𝒃 𝒃 𝒃 𝒃𝟐
It is a G.P
a=b,r=b
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓; 𝟏.
𝒃 ( 𝒃𝟑𝟖; 𝟏 )
S38 =
𝒃; 𝟏 .
𝒃 ( 𝒃𝟑𝟖; 𝟏 )
( b + 5 ) + ( b2 + 5 ) + ( b3+ 5 ) + ….. to 38 terms = + 190
𝒃; 𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုစာၦ 23 တျငး 2 + 3 ကိုကျငး့မခတးထာ့သ်ဖငးံ the sum of first twelve terms ရြာလိုပါက

2+3+22+32+23+33+ ……to 12th term = 2 +3 + 22+32+23 +33 + ……+ 26 +36
အထိ ေရ့ေပ့ရမညး။
2ထပးညႊနး့ ေ်ခာကးလုဵ့ + 3ထပးညႊနး့ ေ်ခာကးလုဵ့ = စုစုေပါငး့ ှဿ လုဵ့
ပုစာၦ 24 တျငး ( b + 5 ) ကိုကျငး့ခတးထာ့သ်ဖငးံ the sum of first 38 terms ရြာလိုပါက

aထပးညႊနး့ ၀၃ လုဵ့ ႏြငးံ 5 ၀၃ လုဵ့ တစးမ္ုိ့စီအတျကး ၀၃ လုဵ့စီိ ရြာေပ့ရမညး။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 104
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
26. If 3 + + 5+ + 7 + + ….. is a series , then find S20 .
𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟑
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
3 + + 5 + 𝟐 + 7 + 𝟑 + …….. to 20 terms
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= ( 3 + 5 + 7 +……. to 10 terms) + ( + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + …….. to 10 terms )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
for 3 + 5 + 7 +…….
5–3= 7–5=2
It is an A.P
a = 3 , d = 2 , n = 10
𝟏𝟎
S10 = ( 2a + 9d ) = 5 [ 2( 3 ) + 9( 2 ) ] = 5 ( 6 + 18 ) = 5 x 24 = 120
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
for + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + ……..
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏/𝟐 𝟐 𝟏/𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
= 𝟐 =
𝟏/𝟐 𝟏/𝟐 𝟐
It is a G.P
𝟏 𝟏
a = , r = , n = 10
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟏𝟎 −𝟏
( 𝟏;( ) ) ( 𝟏; ) ( 𝟏𝟎 ) 𝟐𝟏𝟎 ;𝟏
𝒂(𝟏;𝒓𝟏𝟎 ) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝟐
S10 = = 𝟏 = 𝟐−𝟏 = 𝟏 =( )
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟐𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟐𝟎 ;𝟏
3 + + 5 + 𝟐 + 7 + 𝟑 + …….. = 120 + ( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟐𝟎
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုဵႏြိပးထဲတျငးမရြိေသာ Old Question မ္ာ့
27. In a G.P , U4 = 7 and U7 = 4 . Find the sum of the first 9 terms of the G.P. ( or )
The fourth term of a G.P is 7 and the seventh term of a G.P is 4. Find the sum of
the first 9 terms.
Solution
U7 = ar6 = 4
U4 = ar3 = 7 ------- ( 1 )
𝒂𝒓𝟔 3 𝟒
= r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝒂𝒓𝟑 𝟕
𝟒
ar3 = a ( )=7
𝟕
𝟕 𝟒𝟗 𝟑 𝟒
a=7( )= ,r= √
𝟒 𝟒 𝟕
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn =
𝟏; 𝒓
Page 105
𝟒𝟗 𝟒𝟗 𝟑 )𝟑 ) 𝟒𝟗 𝟒 𝟑 𝟕𝟐 𝟕𝟑 −𝟒𝟑
( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝟗
) ( 𝟏 –( 𝒓 ( 𝟏 –( ) ) ( )
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕𝟑
S9 = = = =
𝟏; 𝒓 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏; √ 𝟏; √ 𝟏; √
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
𝟏 𝟑𝟒𝟑−𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟒𝟑−𝟔𝟒 𝟐𝟕𝟗
( ) ( ) ( ) 𝟐𝟕𝟗
𝟒 𝟕 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖
= = = =
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏; √ 𝟏; √ 𝟏; √ 𝟐𝟖( 𝟏; √ )
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕

( a ) The 3rd term of a G.P is – 8 and the 8th term is 256. Find the sum of the first 6
terms. Ans; S6 = 42
( b ) The fourth term of a G.P is 9 and the ninth term is 2187. Find the sum of the
𝟏𝟐𝟏
first five terms. Ans; S5 =
𝟑
( c ) In a G.P , U2 = 12 and U5 = 324 , then find S3 . Ans ; S4 = 160

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. The first term of a G.P is 25 and the sum of the first three terms is 61. Find the
possible value of the common ratio.
Solution
a = 25 , S3 = 61
.
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟑; 𝟏 )
= 61
𝒓;. 𝟏
𝟐𝟓 ( 𝒓𝟑; 𝟏 )
= 61
𝒓; 𝟏 .
𝟐𝟓 ( 𝒓;𝟏 )( 𝒓𝟐:𝒓: 𝟏 )
= 61
( 𝒓; 𝟏 )
25r2 + 25r + 25 = 61
25r2 + 25r + 25 – 61 = 0
25r2 + 25r – 36 = 0
( 5r – 4 )( 5r + 9 ) = 0
𝟒 𝟗
r = ( or ) r = –
𝟓 𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. The sum of the first two terms is 12 and the sum of the first four terms is
120.Calculate the two possible value of the fifth term in the progression.
Solution
U1 + U2 = a + ar = a ( 1 + r ) = a ( r + 1 ) =12 ------- ( 1 )
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓; 𝟏
Page 106
S4 = 120
.
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟒; 𝟏 )
= 120 = 10 ( 12 ) = 10 x a ( 1 + r )
𝒓;.𝟏
( 𝒓𝟒 ; 𝟏 )
= 10
(𝒓; 𝟏)( 𝒓:𝟏 )
.
𝟐
( 𝒓 𝟐 ; 𝟏 )( 𝒓 : 𝟏 )
= 10
( 𝒓𝟐 ; 𝟏 )
r2 + 1 =10
r2 = 9
r=3
if r = – 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a (– 3 + 1 ) = – 2a = 12
a= –6
U5 = ar4 = – 6 (– 3 ) 4 = – 6 x 81 = – 486
if r = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
a ( 3 + 1 ) = 4a = 12
a= 3
U5 = ar4 = 3 ( 3 )4 = 243
U5 = – 486 or 243

( a ) The sum of the first two terms is 8 and the sum of the first four terms is
80.Calculate the two possible value of the fifth term in the progression.
Ans ; U5 = – 324 or 162
( b ) The sum of the first two terms of a geometric progression is 12 and the sum of
the first four terms is 120.Calculate the two possible value of the fourth term in the
progression. Ans ; U4 = 81 or 162
( c ) The ratio of the the sum of the first 6 terms of the G.P to the sum of the first 3
𝟑
terms is 35:8.Find the common ratio of the progression. Ans; r =
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
6. The sum of the fourth and sixth terms of a G.P is 90 and the sum of the seventh
and ninth terms is 2430. Find the sum of the first 17 terms of the G.P
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. A G.P has the first term 5 and the last term 2560.If the sum of all its terms is
5115, how many terms are there.
Solution
a=5
Page 107
Un = ar n – 1 = 5rn – 1 = 2560
rn – 1 = 512
𝒓𝒏
= 512
𝒓
rn = 512r ------ ( 1 )
Sn = 5115
.
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
= 5115
𝒓; 𝟏
. Alternative Method
𝟓 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
= 5115 𝒓𝒏 ;𝟏 𝟐𝟏𝟎 ;𝟏
𝒓;
. 𝟏 = 1023 =
𝒓;𝟏 𝟐;𝟏
( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
= 1023  r = 2 and n = 10
𝒓; 𝟏
512r – 1 = 1023r – 1023

1023 – 1 = 1023r – 512r
511r = 1022
r = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
2n = 512( 2 ) = 1024 = 210 and n = 10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
5. The ratio of the sum of the first , second and third terms of a G.P to the sum of
the third , fourth and fifth terms is 4:9.Find the tenth term if the sixth term is
𝟑
15 .
𝟏𝟔

31. The ratio of the sum of the first , second and third terms of a G.P to the sum of
the third , fourth and fifth terms is 9:16.Find the tenth term if the sixth term is
𝟑
15 .
𝟏𝟔
Solution
U1 + U2 + U3 : U3 + U4 + U5 = 9 : 16
a + ar + ar2 : ar2 + ar3 + ar4 = 9 : 16
𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 (𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 ) 𝟗
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 = 𝟐 𝟐 =
𝒂𝒓 :𝒂𝒓 :𝒂𝒓 𝒓 (𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓 ) 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟔
r2 =
𝟗
𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑
U6 = ar5 = 15 =
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
Page 108
𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
U10 = ar9 = ar5 x r2 x r2 = x x = 3 x 16 = 48
𝟏𝟔 𝟗 𝟗
( or )
2 𝟏𝟔 𝟒𝟐
r = =
𝟗 𝟑𝟐
𝟒 𝟒 5 𝟒𝟓
r = ± , r5 = ( ± ) = (± 𝟓 )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟑𝟓
U6 = ar5 = 15 = =( 𝟐 )
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
𝟒𝟓 𝟑𝟓
a( ± 𝟓 ) = ( 𝟐 )
𝟑 𝟒
𝟑𝟏𝟎
a=± 𝟕
𝟒
9 𝟑𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟗 𝟑𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟗
U10 = ar = ( ± 𝟕 )( ± 𝟗 ) = ( ± 𝟕 ) ( ± 𝟗 ) = 3 x 16 = 48
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
8. The sum of the 5 five terms of a G.P is 8 and the sum of the terms from fourth to
𝟓
the eight inclusive is 15 . Find the common ratio and the sixth term.
𝟖

32.The sum of the first five terms of a G.P is 4 and the sum of the terms from fourth
𝟏𝟑
to the eight inclusive is 7 . Find the common ratio and the sixth term.
𝟏𝟔
Solution
U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 + U5 = a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ar4 = 4 ------ ( 1 )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝟓
U4 + U5 + U6 + U7 + U8 = ar3 + ar4 + ar5 + ar7 + ar7 = 7 =
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟐𝟓 .
𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟒 :𝒂𝒓𝟓 :𝒂𝒓𝟔 :𝒂𝒓𝟕 𝒂𝒓𝟑 (𝟏:𝒓:𝒓𝟐 :𝒓𝟑 :𝒓𝟒 ) 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟑
= = = = 𝟑
𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 :𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟒 𝒂(𝟏:𝒓:𝒓𝟐 :𝒓𝟑 :𝒓𝟒 ) 𝟒 𝟔𝟒 𝟒
.
𝟓𝟑
r3 = 𝟑
𝟒
𝟓
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟒
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
a + a( ) + a( )2 + ar( )3 + ar( )4 = 4
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟐𝟓𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒂 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒂
4a + 5a + + + = 16
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟒
𝟐𝟓𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒂 𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒂
9a + + + = 16
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟒
Page 109
𝟓𝟕𝟔𝒂:𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒂:𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒂:𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒂
= 16
𝟔𝟒
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏𝒂
= 16
𝟔𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝟒𝟓
a= ( or )
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏
5 𝟒𝟓 𝟓 5 𝟒𝟓 𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
U6 = ar = ( )( ) = ( )( 𝟓 ) = =
𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟒 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟒 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. If the sum of the first three terms of a G.P is 21 and the sum of the next three
terms is 168, then find the first term and the common ratio.
Solution
U1 + U2 + U3 = a + ar + ar2 = 21 --------- ( 1 )
U4 + U5 + U6 = ar3 + ar4 + ar5 = 168
𝟏𝟔𝟖 . .
𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟒 :𝒂𝒓𝟓 𝒂𝒓𝟑 (𝟏:𝒓:𝒓𝟐 ) 𝟓𝟔 𝟖
= = = 8 = 23
𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝒂(𝟏:𝒓:𝒓𝟐 ) 𝟐𝟏 .
𝟕.
𝟏
r3 = 23 and r = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
a + ar + ar2 = a + 2a + 4a = 7a = 21
a=3
Ans ; r = 2 , a = 3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
6. The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 1 and the product of the third ,
𝟐𝟓
fourth and fifth terms is 11 . Find the fifth term of the G.P.
𝟔𝟒

34.The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 1 and the product of the third and
𝟑
fourth terms is 3 . Find the fourth term and the sum of the first four terms of the
𝟖
given G.P.
Solution
U1 x U2 x U3 = a x ar x ar2 = a3r3 = 1
ar = 1 ---- ( 1 )
.
2 3 2 2 3 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟑
U3 x U4 = ar x ar = ar x r x ar x r = 1 x r x 1 x r = r = 3 = = 𝟑
𝟖 𝟖 𝟐
𝟑
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐
𝟑
a=1
𝟐
𝟐
a=
𝟑
Page 110
.
3 𝟐 𝟑 3 𝟑𝟐 𝟗
U4 = ar = ( ) = 𝟐 =
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn = , r>1
𝒓; 𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝟒 𝟐 𝟑𝟒 −𝟐𝟒
( ( 𝟐 )𝟒 ; 𝟏 ) 𝟑( 𝟒 ; 𝟏 ) 𝟑( ) 𝟐 𝟖𝟏;𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟓 𝟓
𝟑 𝟐𝟒
= ( )
𝟐
S4 = 𝟑 = 𝟑−𝟐 = 𝟏 𝟒 x2 = =5
;𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 1 and the product of the third ,
𝟐𝟓
fourth and fifth terms is 11 . Find the fifth term and the common ratio of the G.P.
𝟔𝟒
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
U1 x U2 x U3 = a x ar x ar2 = a3r3 = 1
ar = 1 ----- ( 1 )
U3 x U4 x U5 = ar2 x ar3 x ar4 = a3r9 = a3r3 x r6 = 1 x r6 = r6
𝟐𝟓 𝟕𝟐𝟗
U3 x U4 x U5 = 11 =
𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟑
r6 = = ( ± )6
𝟔𝟒 𝟐
𝟑
r = ± in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
a( ± ) = 1 and a = ±
𝟐 𝟑
4 𝟐 𝟑 4 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟕
U5 = ar = ( ± ) ( ± ) =± 𝟑 = ±
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟖

( a ) The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 8 and the product of the second ,
𝟏
third and fourth terms is 27 . Find the fifth term of the G.P. Ans ; U5 = 6
𝟒
( b ) The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 1 and the product of the third ,
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
fourth and fifth terms is 11 . Find the eighth term of the G.P. Ans ; U8 = 11
𝟔𝟒 𝟔𝟒
( c ) The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 8 and the product of the 2nd , 3rd
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕
and 4th terms is . Find the 5th term. Ans ; U5 =
𝟖 𝟑𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 27 . The ratio of the sum of the
first 6 terms and the sum of the first three terms of the G.P is 9:1.Find the tenth
terms of the G.P.
Page 111
Solution
U1 x U2 x U3 = a x ar x ar2 = a3r3 = 27 = 33
ar = 3 ---- ( 1 )
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓; 𝟏
S6 : S3 = 9 : 1
𝑺𝟔 𝟗
= =9
𝑺𝟑 𝟏
.
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟔− 𝟏 )
𝒓−. 𝟏 𝒓𝟔; 𝟏 ( 𝒓𝟑 )𝟐 ; 𝟏𝟐 (𝒓𝟑 ;𝟏 )( ( 𝒓𝟑 :𝟏 )
= = = =9
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟑− 𝟏 ) 𝒓𝟑; 𝟏 ( 𝒓𝟑 ;𝟏 ) ( 𝒓𝟑 ;𝟏)
𝒓− 𝟏
r3 + 1 = 9
r3 = 8 = 23
r = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
ar = 2a = 3
𝟑
a=
𝟐
𝟑
U10 = ar9 = x 29 = 3 x 28 = 3 x 256 = 768
𝟐

( a ) The product of the first three terms of a G.P is 27 and the ratio of the sum of
the first 4 terms of the G.P and the sum of the first 2 terms is 10:1. Find the seventh
term of the G.P. Ans ; r = 3 , a = 1 , U7 = 729
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.The first term of a G.P is a and the common ratio r is positive. If the sum of the
𝟏𝟎𝒂
second and third terms is and the sum of the first four terms is 65 , then find
𝟗
a and r.
Solution
𝟏𝟎𝒂
U2 + U3 = ar + ar2 = a( r + r2 ) =
𝟗
2 𝟏𝟎
(r+r )=
𝟗
9r2 + 9r = 10
9r2 + 9r – 10 = 0
( 3r + 5 )( 3r – 2 ) = 0
3r – 2 = 0 ( or ) 3r + 5 = 0
𝟐 𝟓
r = ( or ) r = – ( reject , r is positive )
𝟑 𝟑
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn =
𝟏; 𝒓
Page 112
𝟐
if r = , S4 = 65
𝟑
𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟖𝟏−𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟓
𝒂 ( 𝟏;( 𝟑 )𝟒 ) 𝒂 ( 𝟏;
𝟖𝟏
) 𝒂(
𝟖𝟏
) 𝒂(
𝟖𝟏
)
𝟐 = 𝟑−𝟐 = 𝟏 = 𝟏 = 65
𝟏; 𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟔𝟓
a( ) ( 31 ) = 65 and a = 27
𝟖𝟏𝟐𝟕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38. In a G.P the fifth term exceeds the fourth term by 27 and the fourth term
exceeds the third term by 9. Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the G.P.
Solution
U5 – U4 = 27
ar4 – ar3 = ar3 ( r – 1 ) = 27
U4 – U3 = 9
ar3 – ar2 = ar2 ( r – 1 ) = 9 --------- ( 1 )
𝒂𝒓𝟑 ( 𝒓;𝟏 ) 𝟐𝟕𝟑
= r = = 3 in Eq ( 1 )
𝒂𝒓𝟐 ( 𝒓;𝟏 ) 𝟗𝟏
ar3 – ar2 = a ( 33 ) – a ( 32 ) = 27a – 9a = 18a = 9
𝟏
a=
𝟐
𝟏 𝟔
𝟏 𝟐
( 𝟑 ;𝟏 ) ( 𝟕𝟐𝟗;𝟏 ) ( 𝟕𝟐𝟖 )
if r = 3 , a = , S6 = = = = 182
𝟐 𝟑;𝟏 𝟒 𝟒

( a ) In a G.P , the fourth term exceeds the second term by 48. If the third term is
144 less then fifth term, find the sum of the first five terms of the G.P. Ans; S5 = 242
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. In a G.P of positive terms , the sum of the first 8 terms is 17 times the sum of
its first four terms and the fourth term exceeds the second term by 18. Find the
first term , the common ratio and the sum to the first 6 terms of the G.P.
Solution
S8 = 17 S4
. .
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟖; 𝟏 ) 𝒂 ( 𝒓𝟒; 𝟏 )
= 17
𝒓; 𝟏 𝒓; 𝟏
( r8 – 1 ) = 17( r4 – 1 )
( ( r4 )2 – 12 ) = 17( r4 – 1 )
( r4 – 1 )( r4 + 1 ) = 17 ( r4 – 1 )
r4 + 1 = 17
r4 = 16 = 24
Page 113
r = 2 ( positive term )
U4 = U2 + 18
ar3 = ar + 18
ar3 – ar = a( 23 ) – 2a = 8a – 2a = 6a = 18
a=3
if a = 3 , r = 2
𝟑( 𝟐𝟔 ;𝟏 )
S6 = = = 3 ( 64 – 1 ) = 3 x 63 = 189
𝟐;𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
G.P ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့ ( Consecutive terms ) မ္ာ့အတျကး ေရ့ရမညးံပုဵစဵ
Consecutive terms ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး ယူရမညးံ ေဖား်မဴလာ ၀ မ္ဳိ့
( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Consecutive terms မ္ာ့သညး ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေနပါက
r - formula သုဵ့
ေနာကးကိနး့
r =
ေရြ႕ကိနး့
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Consecutive terms မ္ာ့သညး တခ္ဳိ႕တွကး မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေနပါက
Recursion formula သုဵ့
Un = Un – 1 . r ( or ) ေနာကးကိနး့ = ေရြ႕ကိနး့ x r
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Consecutive terms မ္ာ့သညး ကိနး့တစးလုဵ့မြ မေပ့ထာ့ပဲ
( i ) the three consecutive terms / the four consecutive terms
( ii ) the three angles of a triangle / four angles of quadrilateral are consecutive
terms of an A.P
( iii ) the angles of a semicircle / circle are consecutive terms of an A.P စသညး်ဖငးံ
ေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ
ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး တစးခု၏ „မ‟ လုဵ့ ဆုိလ္ြငး
𝒂
သုဵ့လုဵ့ , a , ar
𝒓
𝒂 𝒂
ငါ့လုဵ့ , , a , ar , ar2
𝒓𝟐 𝒓
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
ခုနစးလုဵ့ , , , a , ar , ar2 , ar3
𝒓𝟑 𝒓 𝒓𝟐
အလယးတျငး ‘a’ တစးလုဵ့တညး့ထာ့၊ ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့သို႔ “1 တို့ 1 ေလ္ြာ”ံ ်ပီ့
ဆငး့သျာ့ေပ့၈
Page 114
အထူ့သတိ်ပဳရနး
G.P တစးခု၏ ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့မ္ာ့ပုဵစဵတျငး „မ‟ လုဵ့ အတျကးပုဵစဵတျငး ်ပႆနာမရြိေသားလညး့ „စုဵ‟ လုဵ့

𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
အတျကး ပုဵစဵတျငး 𝟓 , 𝟑 , , ar , ar3 , ar6 ဆိုေသာ ပုဵစဵ၉ ဘုဵအခ္ဳိ့ တနးဖို့ေလ့ r2
𝒓 𝒓 𝒓
်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ ်ပႆနာနညး့နညး့ ရြိေသာေၾကာငးံ ဆကးတိုကးကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး „စုဵ‟ လုဵ့ဆုိလ္ြငး ရုိ့ရို့
a , ar , ar2 , ar3 , … ပုစ
ဵ ်ဵ ဖငးံ တျကးေစလို ပါသညး၈
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
တခ္ဳိ႕တွကး မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exercise 5.4
2. If 3,x,wy,z,w and 3072 are consecutive terms of a G.P , find the value of x,y,z
and w.
Solution
3,x,wy,z,w and 3072 are consecutive terms of a G.P
Un = Un – 1 . r ( ေနာကးကိနး့ = ေရြ႕ကိနး့ x r )
x = 3r , y = xr = ( 3r ) r = 3r2 , z = yr = ( 3r2 ) r = 3r3 , w = zr = ( 3r3 ) r = 3r4
3072 = wr = ( 3r4 ) r = 3r5
1024 = r5
r5 = 4 5
r=4
∴ x = 3r = 12 , y = 3r2 = 48 , z = 3r3 = 192 , w = 3r4 = 768
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦမြာ consecutive terms ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ Un = Un – 1 . r ေဖား်မဴလာ သုဵ့ပါ

မညး။ ေအာကးပါ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့မြာ is G.P ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ Un = ar n – 1 ေဖား်မဴလာ သုဵ့ပါ မညး။

40. Given that 2 , a, b , 54 , c is G.P , then find a+ b – c.
Solution
2 , a, b , 54 , c is G.P
Un = ar n – 1
U1 = A = 2 , U4 = Ar3 = 2r3 = 54
r3 = 27 = 33 and r = 3
Un = Un – 1 . r
a = 2 x 3 = 6 , b = 6 x 3 = 18 , c = 54 x 3 = 162
a + b – c = 6 + 18 – 162 = 24 – 162 = – 138
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑
41. If , x , y , 12 , z is a G.P , then find x2 + y2 – z
𝟐
Solution
Page 115
𝟑
, x , y , 12 , z is a G.P.
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
a= , x = U2 = ar , y = U3 = ar2 , z = U5 = ar4 , U4 = ar3 = ( ) r3 = 12
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
r3 = 124 x ( ) = 8 = 23 and r = 2
𝟑𝟏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
x = ar = ( 2 ) = 3 , y = ar2 = ( 2 )2 = 6 , z = ar4 = ( 2 )4 = 24
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
x2 = 9 , y2 = 36 ,
x2 + y2 – z = 9 + 36 – 24 = 9 + 12 = 21

( a )If 3,x,y,375 is a G.P, find the value of x and y. Ans ; x = 15 , y = 75
( b ) If 432 , p – q , p + q , 2 is a G.P , find the value of p and q. Ans ; p = 42 , q =– 30
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
7. The numbers 28,x and y are in geometric progression. If the sum of these 3
terms is 21 , find the possible values of x and of y.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i ) consecutive terms form
Example 5. Given that x +1 , x + 5 and 2x + 4 are three positive consecutive
terms of a geometric progression , calculate ( i ) the value of x ( ii ) the sum of the
first five terms of the progression, giving your answer correct to 1 decimal place.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
10. Find x if the numbers x + 3 , 5x – 3 and 7x + 3 are three positive consecutive
terms of a G.P of positive terms. With this value of x and given that x + 3 , 5x – 3
and 7x + 3 are third , fourth and fifth terms of a G.P , find the sum of the first 8
terms of the G.P.

42. The positive consecutive terms of a G.P are x + 1 , x + 5 and 2x + 4 , then find x.
Solution
The positive consecutive terms of a G.P = x + 1 , x + 5 , 2x + 4
𝒙:𝟓 𝟐𝒙:𝟒
r= =
𝒙:𝟏 𝒙:𝟓
( x + 5 )2 = ( x + 1 ) ( 2x + 4 )
x2 + 10x + 25 = 2x2 + 6x + 4
0 = 2x2 – x2 + 6x – 10x + 4 – 25 = x2 – 4x – 21 = ( x – 7 ) ( x + 3 )
Page 116
x = 7 ( or ) x = – 3
if x = – 3 , x + 1 = – 3 + 1 = – 2
 x = 7 only ( ∵ terms are positive )

( a ) If 2t + 4 , 5 and t + 1 are the three consecutive terms of a G.P , then find the
value of t. Ans ; t = 7 or t = – 3
( b ) Three consecutive terms in ageometric progression are c , c + 4 and c + 6 , in

that order. Find the value of c and the value of the commom ratio of the
𝟏
progression. Ans ; c = – 8 , r =
𝟐
( ii ) the first n terms form
43. Given that x + 6 , x , x – 3 are the first three terms of a G.P , calculate the value of
x and the fifth term.
Solution
x + 6 , x , x – 3 are the first three terms of a G.P
𝒙 𝒙;𝟑
r= =
𝒙:𝟔 𝒙
2
x = ( x+6 ) ( x – 3 )
x2 = x2 + 3x – 18
3x = 18 and x = 6
𝟔 𝟔 𝟏
∴r= = =
𝟔:𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟐
U1 = a = x + 6 = 6 + 6 = 12
Un = ar n – 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
U5 = ar4 = 12 ( ) 4 = 12 x =
𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟒

( a ) Given that x , x + 2 and x + 3 are the first three terms of a G.P. Find the fourth
𝟏
term of the G.P. Ans ; U4 = –
𝟐
( b ) The first three terms in ageometric progression are k – 3 , 2k – 4 , 4k – 3 in

that order. Find the value of k. Ans ; k = 7
( c ) Given that x , x + 2 and x + 3 are the first three terms of a G.P. Find the value
of x. Ans; x = – 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44. If 2p + q , 6p + q , 14p + q are the first three term of the G.P , with p ≠ 0 , find q in
term of p and the common ratio.
Solution
2p + q , 6p + q , 14p + q are the first three term of the G.P
Page 117
𝟔𝒑:𝒒 𝟏𝟒𝒑:𝒒
r= =
𝟐𝒑:𝒒 𝟔𝒑:𝒒
2
( 6p + q ) = ( 14p + q ) ( 2p + q )
36p2 + 12pq + q2 = 28p2 + 16pq + q2
36p2 + 12pq – 28p2 – 16pq = 0
8p2 – 4pq = 0
4p ( 2p – q ) = 0
2p – q = 0 ( or ) 4p = 0
2p = q ( or ) p = 0 ( reject , p ≠ 0 )
 q = 2p
𝟔𝒑:𝒒 𝟔𝒑:𝟐𝒑 𝟖𝒑 𝟖
r= = = = = 2
𝟐𝒑:𝒒 𝟐𝒑:𝟐𝒑 𝟒𝒑 𝟒

( a ) If 2x + y , 6x + y , 14x + y are the first three terms of a G.P with x ≠ 0 ,find y in
term of x and the common ratio. Ans ; y = 2x , r = 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 3. Three consecutive termsof a G.P , are 32x + 1 , 9x and 243. Find the
value of x. If 243 is the fifth term of the G.P , find the seventh term.
45. If 32x + 1 , 9x and 243 are the three consecutive terms of G.P , then find x .
Solution
𝟗𝒙 𝟐𝟒𝟑
r = 𝟐𝒙−𝟏 = 𝒙
𝟑 𝟗
( 𝟗𝒙 )𝟐
= 243
𝟑𝟐𝒙−𝟏
( 𝟗)𝟐𝒙
= 243
𝟑𝟐𝒙−𝟏
𝟑𝟒𝒙
= 35
𝟑𝟐𝒙−𝟏
34x – 2x + 1 = 35
32x + 1 = 35
2x + 1 = 5
x=2

( a ) The three consecutive terms of G.P are 32x + 1 , 9x and 243. Find the common
ratio and the value of x. Ans ; r = 3 , x = 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.6
9. Given that 8 , p and q are three consecutive terms of an A.P , while p , q and 36
are the three consecutive terms of a G.P , find the possible value of p and q.
Page 118
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46. If x , y , 2x is an A.P and 3,9,y is a G.P , then find the value of x + y .
Solution
x , y , 2x is an A.P
𝒙:𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝒙
A.M = y = =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒚
x=
𝟑
3,9,y is a G.P
G.M = 9 = ± √𝟑𝒚
3y = 81 and y = 27
𝟐𝒚 𝟐𝒚:𝟑𝒚 𝟓𝒚 𝟓 𝒙 𝟐𝟕𝟗
x+y= +y= = = = 45
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47. If 5th , 8th , 11th term of a G.P are p, q and s respectively , then show that q2 = ps
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
U5 = ar4 = p
U8 = ar7 = q , q2 = a2r14
U11 = ar10 = s
ps = ar4 x ar10 = a2r14
 q2 = ps
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
***
48. If the ( m + n )th term and ( m – n )th term of an G.P is p and q , then find the m th
term.
Solution
Un = ar n – 1
Um + n = ar m + n – 1 = p
Um – n = ar m – n – 1 = q
𝒂𝒓𝒎+𝒏−𝟏 𝒑
=
𝒂𝒓𝒎−𝒏−𝟏 𝒒
𝒑
r m + n – 1– m + n + 1 =
𝒒
𝒑
r2n =
𝒒
𝒑
( r n ) 2=
𝒒
𝒑 √𝒑
rn = ± √𝒒 = ±
√𝒒
Page 119
Um = ar m – 1
Um+n = p
ar m + n – 1 = p
ar m – 1 + n = p
ar m – 1 x r n = p
√𝒑
arm – 1 ( ± )=p
√𝒒
√𝒒 √𝒒
arm – 1 = p ( ± ) = (√𝒑 )𝟐 ( ± = ± √𝒑√𝒒 = ± √𝒑𝒒
√𝒑 √𝒑
Um = ± √𝒑𝒒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49. If log 2 3 , log 5 x , log 3 16 is a G.P ,then find the value of x .
Solution
3 log 2 x , log 5 x , log 3 16 is a G.P
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝒙 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟑 𝟏𝟔
=
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝒙
( log5 x ) = log3 16 ( log2 3 ) = log3 24 ( log2 3 ) = 4 log3 2 ( log2 3 )
2
𝟏
=4( )( log 2 3 ) = 4
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟑
( log5 x )2 = 4
log5 x = ± 2
𝟏
x = 52 = 25 ( or ) x = 5 – 2 =
𝟐𝟓

( a ) If log 3 2 , log 4 x , log 2 81 is a G.P. , find the possible value of x.
𝟏
Ans ; x = 16 ( or ) x =
𝟏𝟔
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50. If θ is acute angle and sin2 θ , x , sec2 θ forms a G.P , then find x.
Solution
x2 = sin2 θ x sec2 θ 𝟏
𝟐 sec θ =
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
x2 = sin2 θ x 𝟐 = 𝟐 = ( ) = tan2 θ 2 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 sec θ =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
x = ± tan θ
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
9. The lengths of the sides of a triangle form a G.P . If the shortest side is 9 cm and
the perimeter is 37 cm , find the lengths of the other two sides.
Page 120

51. The lengths of the sides of a triangle form a G.P . If the shortest side is 16 cm
and the perimeter is 61 cm , find the lengths of the other two sides.
Solution
let the shortest side of a triangle = a = 16 cm
The three sides = a , ar , ar2 = 16 , 16r , 16r2
by given,
16 + 16r + 16r2 = 61
16r2 + 16r + 16 – 61 = 0
16r2 + 16r – 45 = 0
( 4r – 5 )( 4r + 9 ) = 0
4r – 5 = 0 ( or ) 4r + 9 = 0
𝟗
r = ( or ) r = – ( reject , sides are positive )
𝟒
𝟓 𝟓
the other two sides = 16r , 16r2 = 164 ( ) , 16 ( )2 = 20, 25
𝟒𝟏 𝟒

( a ) The lengths of a triangle are a geometric progression. The longest side has a
length 36cm.Given that perimeter is 76cm. Find the length of the other two side.
Ans ; 16cm , 24 cm
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52. The lengths of the sides of a triangle form a G.P. The length of the longest side
exceeds that of the shortest side by 9 cm. The perimeter is 61 cm. Find the length of
each side.
Solution
let the three sides be a , ar , ar2 .
by given,
ar2 – a = 9 ---------- ( 1 )
ar2 + ar + a = 61
𝒂𝒓𝟐 ;𝒂 𝒂(𝒓𝟐 ;𝟏) 𝟗
= =
𝒂𝒓𝟐 :𝒂𝒓:𝒂 𝒂(𝒓𝟐 :𝒓:𝟏) 𝟔𝟏
2 2
61r – 61 = 9r + 9r + 9
61r2 – 9r2 – 9r – 61 – 9 = 0
52r2 – 9r – 70 = 0
( 13r + 14 )( 4r – 5 ) = 0
4r – 5 = 0 ( or ) 13r + 14 = 0
𝟓 𝟏𝟒
r = ( or ) r = – ( reject , sides are positive )
𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝟓
 r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟒
𝟓 𝟐𝟓𝒂 𝟐𝟓𝒂;𝟏𝟔𝒂 𝟗𝒂
ar – a = a( )2 – a =
2
–a= = =9
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
Page 121
𝟓 𝟓
a , ar . ar2 = 16 , 164 ( )2 = 16 , 20 , 25
) , 16(
𝟒 𝟒
The three sides are 16cm , 20cm and 25 cm.
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53. The product of the first four terms of a G.P is 256. The sum of the second
term and the third term is 10. Find the possible value of fifth term.
Solution
𝒂 𝒂
Let the first four terms are 𝟑 , , ar , ar3
𝒓 𝒓
by given,
𝒂 𝒂
𝟑 x x ar x ar3 = 256
𝒓 𝒓
a4 = 256 = ( ± 4 )4
a=±4
𝒂
If a = 4 , + ar = 10
𝒓
𝟒
+ 4r = 10
𝒓
4 + 4r2 = 10r
4r2 – 10r + 4 = 0
2r2 – 5r + 2 = 0
( 2r – 1 ) ( r – 2 ) = 0
2r – 1 = 0 ( or ) r – 2 = 0
𝟏
r = ( or ) r = 2
𝟐
𝟏
if a = 4 , r =
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
U5 = ar4 = 4 ( )4 = 4 ( )=
𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
if a = 4 , r = 2
U5 = ar4 = 4 ( 2 )4 = 4 ( 16 ) = 64
𝒂
If a = – 4 , + ar = 10
𝒓
−𝟒
– 4r = 10
𝒓
– 4 – 4r2 = 10r
4r2 + 10r + 4 = 0
2r2 + 5r + 2 = 0
( 2r + 1 ) ( r + 2 ) = 0
2r + 1 = 0 ( or ) r + 2 = 0
𝟏
r = – ( or ) r = – 2
𝟐
𝟏
if a = – 4 , r = –
𝟐
Page 122
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
U5 = ar4 = – 4 ( – )4 = – 4 ( )=–
𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟒
if a = – 4 , r = – 2
U5 = ar4 = – 4 (– 2 )4 = – 4 ( 16 ) = – 64
𝟏
∴ U5 = ± 64 or ±
𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54. The sum of the three consecutive terms in a G.P is 42 and their product is 512.
Find these terms.
Solution
𝒂
Let the three consecutive terms = , a , ar.
𝒓
by given,
𝒂
x a x ar = 512
𝒓
a3 = ( 8 )3
a=8
𝒂 𝟖
∴ , a , ar = , 8 , 8r
𝒓 𝒓
𝟖
+ 8 + 8r = 42
𝒓
8 + 8r + 8r2 = 42r
4 + 4r + 4r2 = 21r
4r2 + 4r – 21r + 4 = 0
4r2 – 17r + 4 = 0
( 4r – 1 ) ( r – 4 ) = 0
4r – 1 = 0 ( or ) r – 4 = 0
𝟏
r = ( or ) r = 4
𝟒
𝟏
if a = 8 , r =
𝟒
𝟖 𝟖 𝟏
, 8 , 8r = 𝟏 , 8 , 8( ) = 32 , 8 , 2
𝒓 𝟒
𝟒
if a = 8 , r = 4
𝟖 𝟖
, 8 , 8r = , 8 , 8( 4 ) = 2 , 8 , 32
𝒓 𝟒
 The three consecutive terms are 2 , 8 , 32 ( or ) 32 , 8 , 2
( a ) The sum of the three consecutive terms in a G.P is 73 and their product is 512.
Find these terms. Ans; U1 , U2 ,U3 = 1,8,64 ( or ) 64,8,1( 136/07 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55. The product of the first five consecutive terms of a G.P is 1. Find the middle
term. Ans ; 1
Page 123
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.4
12. In a G.P , the product of the three consecutive terms is 512. When 8 is
added to the first term and 6 to the second , then the terms form and A.P.
Find the terms of a G.P.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
56. A geometric progression has three terms a,b,c whose sum is 42 . If 6 is added to
esch of the first two term and 3 to third , a new G.P, results whose first term is the
same as b . Find a, b and c.
Solution
a , b , c is a G.P.
a + b + c = 42
 c = 42 – a – b ---- ( 1 )
by given ,
a + 6 , b + 6 , c + 3 is a new G.P
a+6=b
a = b – 6 in Eq ( 1 )
c = 42 – b + 6 – b
c = 48 – 2b = – 2b + 48
c + 3 = – 2b + 48 + 3 = – 2b + 51
 b , b + 6 , – 2b + 51 is a new G.P.
𝒃:𝟔 ;𝟐𝒃:𝟓𝟏
=
𝒃 𝒃:𝟔
( b + 6 )2 = – 2b2 + 51b
b2 + 12b + 36 = – 2b2 + 51b
b2 + 2b2 + 12b – 51b + 36 = 0
3b2 – 39b + 36 = 0
b2 – 13b + 12 = 0
( b – 1 )( b – 12 ) = 0
b – 1 = 0 ( or ) b – 12 = 0
b = 1 ( or ) b = 12
if b = 1 ,
a = b – 6 = 1 – 6 = – 5 , c = – 2b + 48 = – 2x1 + 48 = – 2 + 48 = 46
When a , b , c is a G.P
𝒃 𝟏 𝟏
= =–
𝒂 ;𝟓 𝟓
𝒄 𝟒𝟔 𝟒𝟔
= =–
𝒃 ;𝟓 𝟓
𝒃 𝒄
≠
𝒂 𝒃
 a = – 5 , b = 1 , c = 46 ( impossible )
if b = 12 ,
a = 12 – 6 = 6 , c = – 2b + 48 = – 2x12 + 48 = – 24 + 48 = 24
When a , b , c is a G.P
Page 124
𝒃 𝟏𝟐
= =2
𝒂 𝟔
𝒄 𝟐𝟒
= =2
𝒃 𝟏𝟐
𝒃 𝒄
=
𝒂 𝒃
 a = 6 , b = 12 , c = 24
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57. The first three terms of an A.P are x,y,z. If these numbers are also the first ,
third and fourth terms of a G.P, show that ( 2y – z )z 2 = y3
Solution
In an A.P ,
The first three terms of an A.P = x,y,z
d=y–x= z–y
2y – z = x
In a G.P ,
Un = arn – 1
x = a = U1
y = U3 = ar2 = xr2 , y3 = ( xr2 ) 3 = x3r6
z = U4 = ar3 = xr3 , z 2 = x2r6
𝒚𝟑 𝒙𝟑 𝒓𝟔
= 𝟐 𝟔=x
𝒛𝟐 𝒙 𝒓
𝒚𝟑
 2y – z = 𝟐 and ( 2y – z )z 2 = y3
𝒛
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58. A number consists of three digits in G.P . If the sum of the right hand and left
hand digits exceed twice the middle digit by 1 and the sum of the left hand and
middle digits is two third of the sum of the middle and right hand digits, then find
the number.
( ဂဏနး့သုဵ့လုဵ့ပါကိနး့တစးခုကိုဖဲျ႕စညး့ထာ့ေသာဂဏနး့သုဵ့လုဵ့၏တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး G.P တစးခုပုဵစဵ ( ဥပမာ
124, 148, 248, 421…စသညး်ဖငးံ )်ဖစးေနသညး၈အကယး၍ ညာဘကးကိနး့( ခုဂဏနး့ ) ႏြငးံ ဘယးဘကး
ကိနး့( ရာဂဏနး့ ) ေပါငး့်ခငး့သညး အလယးကိနး့ထကး( ဆယးဂဏနး့ ) ႏြစးဆထကး 1 ၾကီ့်ပီ့ ဘယးဘကး
ကိနး့( ရာဂဏနး့ ) ႏြငးံ အလယးကိနး့( ဆယးဂဏနး့ ) တို႔ေပါငး့်ခငး့သညး အလယးကိနး့( ဆယးဂဏနး့ )
ႏြငးံ ညာဘကးကိနး့ ( ခုဂဏနး့ ) တို႔ေပါငး့်ခငး့၏ သုဵ့ပုဵႏြစးပုဵ ရြိလ္ြငး အဆိုပါကိနး့ကို ရြာ ေပ့ပါ၊ )
Solution
let hundred’s digit = a , ten’s digit = b , one’s digit = c
a , b , c is a G.P
 b = ar , c = ar2
by the problem,
a + c = 2b + 1
a + ar2 – 2ar = 1
ar2 – 2ar + a = 1 ----------- ( 1 )
Page 125
𝟐
a+b= (b+c)
𝟑
𝟐
a + ar = ( ar + ar2 )
𝟑
3a + 3ar = 2ar + 2ar2
2ar2 +2ar – 3ar – 3a = 0
2ar2 – ar – 3a = 0
2r2 – r – 3 = 0
( 2r – 3 ) ( r + 1 ) = 0
2r – 3 = 0 ( or ) r + 1 = 0
𝟑
r = ( or ) r = – 1 ( reject , digits are positive )
𝟐
𝟑
 r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐
𝟑 2 𝟑
a( ) – 2a( ) + a = 1
𝟐 𝟐
𝟗𝐚
– 3a + a = 1
𝟒
𝟗𝒂;𝟏𝟐𝒂:𝟒𝒂
= 1
𝟒
𝟏𝟑𝒂;𝟏𝟐𝒂
= 1
𝟒
𝒂
= 1
𝟒
a=4
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
 b = 4r = 4 ( ) = 6 , c = ar2 = 4 ( )2 = 4 ( ) = 9
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
 Required number = 469
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Infinity Geometric Series
အကယး၊ ေ်မြာကးပျာ့ကိနး့စဥးစု ( Geometric Series ) တစးခု၏ ေပါငး့လဒးသညး အဆုဵ့မရြိေသာ
ကိနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ဳိ့ ်ဖစးေနလ္ြငး ၁ငး့၏ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒးအာ့ ေလံလာသညးံအခါ
ပုဵစဵႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ေတျ႕ရမညး၈ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ
( 1 ) ေပါငး့သညးံကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး မ္ာ့လာသညးႏြငးံအမ္ြ ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ ပိုမိုၾကီ့မာ့ ်ပနး႔ကာ့
ထျကးလာေသာ ( Diverge ်ဖစးလာေသာ) ပုဵစဵႏြငးံ
( 2 ) ေပါငး့သညးံကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးမ္ာ့လာသညးႏြငးံအမ္ြ ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့သညးတနးဖို့ တစးခုခု
သို႔ခ္ညး့ကပးစုဆုဵသျာ့ေသာ ( Converge ်ဖစးလာေသာ) ပုဵစဵ တို႔ ်ဖစးၾကသညး၈
Diverge = ်ပနး႔ကာ့ႀကီ့မာ့လာသညး၈ Converge = ခ္ညး့ကပး စုွငးသျာ့သညး၈
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 126
( 1 ) Divergent Geometric Series ( ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ ်ပနး႔ကာ့ႀကီ့မာ့လာသညးံ ကိနး့စုမ္ာ့ )

ဥပမာ - 1 + 2 = 3
1+2+4=7
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 15
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 63
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 = 127
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 = 255
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 + 256 = 511
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 + 256 + 512 = 1023
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 + 256 + 512 + …………………………… = ∞
∞ လုဵ့
အထကးပါ ကိနး့စဥးစု၏ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ ေလံလာၾကညးံလ္ြငး ေပါငး့သညးံ ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး
တ်ဖညး့်ဖညး့ မ္ာ့လာသညးႏြငးံအမ္ြ ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့သညးလညး့ တ်ဖညး့်ဖညး့ႀကီ့မာ့ ်ပနး႔ကာ့လာ
( Diverge ်ဖစးလာသညး ) ကို ေတျ႕ရမညး၈ အကယး၊ မေရမတျကးႏိုငးေလာကးသညးံ ကိနး့လုဵ့ အေရ
အတျကးအထိ ေပါငး့ၾကညးံလ္ြငး ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့သညးလညး့ မေရတျကးႏိုငးသညးံ အဓိပၸါယး
သတးမြတး်ပဌာနး့၊မရႏိုငးသညးံ အလျနးႀကီ့မာ့်ပနး႔ကာ့ေသာ တနးဖို့တစးခုခု ရလာမညး်ဖစးသညး၈ ဤကဲံသို႔
ေသာ ကိးနး့စဥးစုမ္ဳိ့ကို ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရအနႏ ၱအထိေပါငး့လဒး ( Sum to Infinity ) တနးဖို့သညး အနႏၱတနးဖို့
တစးခုခုသို႔ ( Diverge ) ်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိနး့စဥးစု မ္ဳိ့ဟုေခၚသညး၈
( 2 ) Convergent Geometric Series ( ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ ်ပနး႔ကာ့ႀကီ့မာ့လာသညးံ ကိနး့စုမ္ာ့ )

𝟏
ဥပမာ - 1 + = 1.5
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
1+ + = 1.75
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + = 1.875
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + + = 1.9375
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + + + = 1.96875
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + + + + = 1.984375
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐 𝟔𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + + + + + = 1.9921875
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + + + + + + = 1.99609375
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟓𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1+ + + + + + + + + = 1.998046875
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟐 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟓𝟏𝟐
1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 + 256 + 512 + …………………………… = 2
∞
Page 127
အထကးပါကိနး့စဥးစု၏ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့အာ့ေလံလာၾကညးံလ္ြငး ေပါငး့သညးံကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ တ်ဖညး့်ဖညး့မ္ာ့

လာသညးႏြငးံအမ္ြ ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့သညး တနးဖို့တစးခုခုသို႔ တ်ဖညး့်ဖညး့ခ္ညး့ကပးစုွငးသျာ့
( Converge်ဖစးသျာ့သညးကို ) ေတျ႕ရမညး၈ အကယး၊မေရမတျကးႏိုငးသညးံ ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးအထိ
ေပါငး့ၾကညးံလ္ြငး ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့သညး ေနာကးဆုဵ့၉ ကိနး့တနးဖို့တစးခုခုႏြငးံ ထပးတူက္လုနီ့ပါ့ တနးဖို့
တစးခုခု ( အထကးပါဥပမာတျငး 2 ႏြငးံအလျနးနီ့စပးသညးံတနးဖို့ေလ့ ) ရလာမညး်ဖစးသညး၈ ဤကဲံသို႔ေသာ
ကိးနး့စဥးစုမ္ဳိ့ကို ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ Converge ်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိနး့စဥးစုမ္ဳိ့ ဟုေခၚသညး၈ ေယဘုယ္
အာ့်ဖငးံ အထကးပါဥပမာရြိ ကိနး့စဥးစု၏ ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ အနႏၸ အထိေပါငး့လဒး ( Sum to Infinity )
သညး 2 ႏြငးံ ညီသညးဟု ေ်ပာႏိုငးသညး၈
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အထကးပါ ကိနး့စဥးစုႏြစးမ္ဳိ့အာ့ ေလံလာၾကညးံလ္ြငး
( 1 ) ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ Diverge ်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိိနး့စဥးစု၏ common ratio ( r ) တနးဖို့သညး 1 ထကး
ႀကီ့ေနသညးကို ( r > 1 ) ်ဖစးေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး ်ဖစး်ပီ့
( 2 ) ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ Converge ်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိိနး့စဥးစု၏ common ratio ( r ) တနးဖို့သညး
1 ေအာကးး ငယးေနသညး ( r > 1 ) ်ဖစးေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး ်ဖစးသညး၈
အထကးပါ ကိနး့စဥးစုႏြစးမ္ဳိ့အနကး Diverge ်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိိနး့စဥးစု၏ ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့မြာ တိက္ေသာ
တနးဖို့မရြိသ်ဖငးံ အထူ့တလညးစဥး့စာ့ရမညးံ ကိစၥတစးခုမဟုတးေသားလညး့ Converge ်ဖစးေနေသာ
ကိိနး့စဥးစု၏ ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ တိက္ေသာ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့တစးခုစီကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသ်ဖငးံ မညးသညးံ
ကိနး့စဥးစု၏ Sum to infinity တနးဖို့မြာ မညးသညးံ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသနညး့ဆိုသညးကို
စဥး့စာ့တျကးခ္ကးႏိုငးသညးံ ကိစၥတစးခု်ဖစးသညး၈
Sum to infinity အတျကး သေကၤတကို Sn အစာ့ S ်ဖငးံ်ပသညး။

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sn ေဖား်မဴလာမြ S အာ့တျကးယူ်ခငး့
𝒂 (𝟏; 𝒓𝒏 ) 𝒂;𝒂𝒓𝒏 𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒏
Sn = = = – မြတစးဆငးံ S =
n
– ဆိုသညးံ
𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏 ;1 ;1
𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒏
ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာမညး၈ – ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့တျငး ကိနး့ရြငး်ဖစးေနေသာအပိုငး့ေလ့ႏြငးံ
𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏
ကိနး့ေသ ်ဖစးေနေသာအပိုငး့ေလ့ဟု ႏြစးပိုငး့ချထ
ဲ ုတးႏိုငးမညး ်ဖစးသညး၈
ကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေနေသာ အပိုငး့ေလ့
ပထမဦ့စျာ ကိနး့ေသအခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေပါငး့ႏႈတးေ်မြာကးစာ့လုပးလ္ြငး ကိနး့ေသသာ ရသညး ဟူေသာ
𝒂
အယူအဆေလ့ကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး၈ အထကးပါ ပုဵစဵေလ့တျငး ဆိုသညးံတနးဖို့ေလ့၉ a
𝒓;𝟏
𝒂
သညးလညး့ ကိနး့ေသ၇ r သညးလညး့ ကိနး့ေသ ်ဖစးသညးံ အတျကး
𝒓;𝟏
ဆိုသညးံတနးဖို့ေလ့သညးလညး့ ကိနး့ေသေလ့တစးခု်ဖစးပါသညး၈
Page 128
ကိနး့ရြငး်ဖစးေနေသာ အပိုငး့ေလ့
𝒂𝒓𝒏
ဆိုေသာ တနးဖို့ေလ့မြာမူ n တနးဖို့ အေ်ပာငး့အလဲေပၚတျငး မြီေနေသာ တနးဖို့ေလ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
𝒓;𝟏
𝟏
ကိနး့ရြငး်ဖစးေနေသာ အပိုငး့ေလ့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ r တနးဖို့ – 1 နြငးံ 0 ၾကာ့ ( ဥပမာ - r = – ) ႏြငးံ n
𝟐
တနးဖို့ အတိုငး့မသိ ၾကီ့လာေသာအခါ ( ∞ ်ဖစးလာေသာအခါ )
1
rn = (– )n
2
∞ 1 ∞ ∞ 1 ∞ ∞ 1 ∞ 1 ∞
When n  ∞ , r = ( – ) =(–) ( ) =(–) ( )=(–) ( )=(–) (0)=0
2 2 2
( 1 ထကးႀကီ့ေသာ ကိနး့လုဵ့တစးလုဵ့အာ့ ∞ ထပးတငးလ္ြငး ∞ သာရသညးကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရမညး၈ )
n
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ n တနးဖို့ အတိုငး့မသိၾကီ့လာေသာအခါ ( ∞ ်ဖစးလာေသာအခါ ) r တနးဖို့သညး 0 သို႔
n
ကပးလာမညး၈ ( သို႔မဟုတး ) အၾကမး့ဖ္ငး့အာ့်ဖငးံ n တနးဖို့ ∞ ်ဖစးလာေသာအခါ r တနးဖို့သညး 0
်ဖစးလာမညး၈
n n 𝒂𝒓𝒏 𝟎
ထိုအခါ r = 0 , ar = a x 0 = 0 ႏြငးံ = = 0 ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာမညး၈
𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏
အႏြစးခ္ဳပးေသား
𝒂𝒓𝒏
When n  ∞ , Sn  S ,  0 and
𝒓;𝟏
𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒏 𝒂 𝒂
–  –0=
𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏 𝒓;𝟏
𝒂
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ S= ဆိုသညးံ ေဖား်မဴလာေလ့ ရလာမညး်ဖစးသညး၈
𝒓;𝟏
အထူ့သတိထာ့ရနး r တနးဖို့သညး – 1 ႏြငးံ 1 ၾကာ့ရြိ အပိုငး့ကိနး့တစးခုခု ( သို႔ ) 0 ်ဖစးရမညး၈
Sum to infinity
𝒂
S= where – 1 < x < 1 ( or ) l x l < 1 and S = sum to infinity
𝒓;𝟏
( ေဖား်မဴလာထုတးယူ်ခငး့အတျကး တတးႏိုငးသမ္ြ နာ့လညးလျယးေအာငး ဂဏနး့အစာ့သျငး့ ရြငး့ေပ့

ထာ့ေသားလညး့ နာ့လညးရခကးလ္ြငး Divergent / Convergent သေဘာေလ့သာ နာ့လညးရနး
ဖတး်ပီ့ ေဖား်မဴလာသာမြတးခ္ငးလညး့ မြတးႏိုငးပါသညး၈ )
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Page 129
Example 6. Determine whether the sum to infinity for each of the following
geometric progressions exist and find the sum to infinity where they exist.
𝟏 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟖
( i ) 3 , 0.3 , 0.03 , ….. ( ii ) , , , ,……. ( ii ) ,3 , , ,…….
𝟐 𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟐 𝟕 𝟒𝟗

59. Determine whether the sum to infinity of the G.P 5 , 0.5 , 0.05 , …. exists or not. If
it exists find it.
Solution
for the G.P 5 , 0.5 , 0.05 , …….
𝟎.𝟓 𝟏
a=5,r= = 0.1 =
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
l r l = l 0.1 l = 0.1 < 1
Sum to infinity exists.
𝒂 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟓
S= = = 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎−𝟏 = 𝟗 = 5 x = = 5
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎

( a ) Determine whether the sum to infinity of the G.P 3 , 0.3 , 0.03 , …. exists or not.
𝟏
If it exists find it. Ans ; S = 3
𝟑
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Exercise 5.6
1. Find the sum to infinity for each of the following series.
𝟒 𝟖 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(I)2+ + + ……. ( ii ) 2 + + + + …….
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑𝟐
𝟐 𝟒
( iii ) 3 – + – ……. ( iv ) 81 – 27 + 9 – 3 …..
𝟑 𝟐𝟕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
√𝟐 𝟐
60. Find the sum to infinity of the G.P 1 , – , , …..
√𝟑 𝟑
Solution
√𝟐
a=1 , r=–
√𝟑
𝒂
S =
𝟏– 𝒓
𝟏 𝟏 √𝟑 √𝟑 √𝟑;√𝟐 𝟑;√𝟔
= = = = x =
√𝟐 √𝟑+√𝟐 √𝟑:√𝟐 √𝟑:√𝟐 √𝟑;√𝟐 𝟑;𝟐
𝟏 –( – )
√𝟑 √𝟑
S = 3 – √𝟔
Page 130
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 𝟗
61. Find the value of 4 . 4 . 4 . 4 .
𝟐𝟕 .
……………. .
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 .𝟗
4 . 4 . 4 .4 𝟐𝟕 .
……………. = 4 𝟑.+ 𝟗 + 𝟐𝟕
……………. . . .
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
For , , , ………
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕
𝟏/𝟗 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏/𝟐𝟕 𝟏 𝟏
= x3= , = x9=
𝟏/𝟑 𝟗 𝟑 𝟏/𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟑
𝟏/𝟗 𝟏/𝟐𝟕
=
𝟏/𝟑 𝟏/𝟗
It is a G.P.
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝒂𝟑 𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
𝟏
If r = , S= = = = 𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐 =
𝟑 𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – 𝟏/𝟑 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
 𝟑 .𝟗
4 . 4 . 4 .4 𝟐𝟕 . .
……………. = 4 𝟐 = √𝟒 .

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
( a ) Find the product of the infinity number of terms 7 x 7 x 7 x 7 𝟏𝟔 .
x ……… . . .
Ans; 7
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
62. Find the sum to infinity of the series ( + ) + ( 𝟐 + 𝟐 ) +( 𝟑 + 𝟑 ) +…..
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( + ) + ( 𝟐 + 𝟐 ) +( 𝟑 + 𝟑 ) +……….. to infinity terms
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= ( + 𝟐 + 𝟑 +…. to infinity terms )+( + ( 𝟐 ) +( 𝟑 ) +….. to infinity terms )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
for + 𝟐 + 𝟑 +……….. to infinity terms
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝟏 𝟐𝟐 𝟏
a= ,r= 𝟏 =
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝟏/𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
S = = = 𝟐−𝟏 = 𝟏 = 1
𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – 𝟏/𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
Page 131
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
for + ( 𝟐 ) +( 𝟑 ) +……….. to infinity terms
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
𝟏 𝟑𝟐 𝟏
a= ,r= 𝟏 =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
S= = 𝟏 = 𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐 = 𝟐
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( + ) + ( 𝟐 + 𝟐 ) +( 𝟑 + 𝟑 ) +……….. = 1 + = 1
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
63. Find the sum to infinity of + +
+……….. and express
𝒙:𝟏 ( 𝒙:𝟏 )𝟐
( 𝒙:𝟏 )𝟑
the value of x for which the sum to infinity exists. ( 102 / 2009 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
In the given G.P , + + +………..
𝒙:𝟏 ( 𝒙:𝟏 )𝟐 ( 𝒙:𝟏 )𝟑
𝟏
𝟏 ( 𝒙+𝟏 )𝟐 𝟏
a= ,r = 𝟏 =
𝒙:𝟏 𝒙:𝟏
( 𝒙+𝟏 )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏 𝟏
S= = = 𝟏 = 𝒙+𝟏−𝟏 = 𝒙 =
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝒙
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
If the sum to infinity exists ,
|𝒓 | < 1
𝟏
| | <1
𝒙:𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
> – 1 ( or ) < 1
𝒙:𝟏 𝒙:𝟏
x + 1 < – 1 ( or ) x + 1 > 1
x< –2 ( or ) x > 0
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Page 132
Exercise 5.6
𝟐
2. The third and sixth terms of a geometric progression are 9 and 2
𝟑
respectively. Calculate the common ratio , the first term and the sum to infinity of
the progression.
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64. The second and fourth terms of a G.P are 20 and 12.8 respectively. Given that
all terms are positive. Find the sum to infinity.
Solution
In a G.P , terms are positive and r > 0
U2 = ar = 20 ------ ( 1 )
𝟖 𝟒 𝟔𝟒
U4 = ar3 = ar x r2 = 20 x r2 = 12.8 = 12 = 12 =
. 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟓
𝟔𝟒 𝟖𝟓
r2 = =
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟐
𝟖 𝟒
r= = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
𝟒𝟏 𝒂
ar = = 205 and a = 25
𝟓
𝒂 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
S= = = = = 𝟏 = 25 x 5 = 125
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟒 𝟓−𝟒
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓

𝟔𝟒
( a )Find the sum to infinity of a G.P whose second is 72 and the fifth term is
𝟑
( or )
𝟔𝟒
The the 2nd and 5th term of a G.P are 72 and respectively. Find the sum to
𝟑
𝟐
infinity. Ans ; r = , a = 8 , S = 324
𝟑
( b ) Find the sum to infinity of a G.P whose first term is 5 and the second term
𝟑
is – 3. Ans ; S = 6
𝟒
( c ) The first and the 4th terms of a G.P are 192 and 3.Find the sum to infinity .
Ans ; S = 256
( d ) The first and the 4th terms of a G.P are 500 and 32.Find the sum to infinity .
𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎
Ans ; S =
𝟑
( e ) The first and the 4th terms of a G.P are 108 and 32.Find the sum to infinity .
Ans ; S = 324
Page 133
𝟐
( f ) The third and 6th terms of a G.P are 9 , 2 respectively. Calculate the common
𝟑
ratio, the first term and the sum to infinity of the progression.
𝟐 𝟖𝟏 𝟐𝟒𝟑
Ans ; r = , a = ,S=
𝟑 𝟒 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.6
3. The sum of an infinite geometric progression is 12 and its first term is 3. Find
the first four terms of the G.P.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.6
5. The second term of a G.P is 2 and its sum to infinity is 9.Find the sum of the
first four terms of the two possible geometric progressions.

65. The sum to infinity of a G.P is 8 and the second term is 2.Find the first , the third
and sixth term of the G.P.
Solution
U2 = ar = 2
𝟐
a=
𝒓 . .
𝒂 𝒂
S= = = =8
𝟏;𝒓 𝟏;𝒓
a = 8 – 8r ------- ( 1 )
𝟐
= 8 – 8r
𝒓
2 = 8r – 8r2
8r2 – 8r + 2 = 0
4r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
( 2r – 1 ) 2 = 0
2r – 1 = 0
𝟏
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐
𝟏
a = 8 – 8r = 8 – 8( ) = 8 – 4 = 4
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
U3 = ar2 = 4 ( ) 2 = 4 ( ) = 1
𝟐 𝟒
5 𝟏 5 𝟏 𝟏
U6 = ar = 4 ( ) = 4 ( )=
𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟖
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66. The second term of a G.P is 6 and the sum to infinity is 27. Find the third term of
the G.P and the common ratio of the two possible G.P.
Page 134
Solution
U2 = ar = 6 ----- ( 1 )
𝟔
a=
𝒓
𝒂
S= = 27
𝟏– 𝒓
a = 27 – 27r
𝟔
= 27 – 27r
𝒓
6 = 27r – 27r2
27r2 – 27r + 6 = 0
9r2 – 9r + 2 = 0
( 3r – 1 ) ( 3r – 2 )= 0
3r – 1 = 0 ( or ) 3r – 2 = 0
𝟏 𝟐
r = ( or ) r =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟑
𝒂
ar = = 6
𝟑
a = 18
𝟏 𝟏
U3 = ar2 = 18 ( )2 = 18 x = 2
𝟑 𝟗
𝟐
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟑
𝟐𝒂
ar = =6
𝟑
a=9
𝟐 𝟒
U3 = ar2 = 9 ( )2 = 9 x = 4
𝟑 𝟗

( a ) The second term of a G.P is 2 and the sum to infinity is 9.Find the common
𝟏 𝟐
ratio. Ans ; r = or
𝟑 𝟑
( b ) The second term of a G.P is 2 and the sum to infinity is 9. Find the sum of the
𝟕𝟐𝟖 𝟔𝟔𝟓
first six terms of the G.P. Ans ; U6 = or
𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏
( c ) The second term of a G.P is 24 and the sum to infinity is 100. Find the value of
𝟐 𝟑
the common ratio. Ans ; r = or
𝟓 𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 135
67. An infinity geometric series has finite sum. Given that the first term is 18 and
that the sum of the first three terms is 38.Calculate the common ratio and the sum
to infinity where it exists.
Solution
a = 18
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn =
𝟏; 𝒓
S3 = 38
𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟑 )
= 38
𝟏; 𝒓
𝟏𝟖 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟑 )
= 38
𝟏; 𝒓 .
𝟏𝟖𝟗 (𝟏; 𝒓)( 𝟏:𝒓: 𝒓𝟐 )
= 𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟗
𝟏; 𝒓
9r2 + 9r + 9 = 19
9r2 + 9r + 9 – 19 = 0
9r2 + 9r – 10 = 0
( 3r – 2 ) ( 3r + 5 )= 0
3r – 2 = 0 ( or ) 3r + 5 = 0
𝟐 𝟓
r = ( or ) r = –
𝟑 𝟑
to get sum to infinity ,
𝟓 𝟓
l – l = > 1 ( reject )
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
r=
𝟑
𝒂 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖
S= = = = 𝟑−𝟐 = = 18 x 3 = 54
𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – 𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
𝟑

( a ) The third term of a G.P is 28 and that the sum of the first three terms is 133.
If the terms are all positive, calculate the common ratio and the sum to infinity.
𝟐
Ans ; r = , S = 189
𝟑
( b ) The third term of a G.P is 24 and that the sum of the first three terms is 114.
(If the terms are all positive, calculate the common ratio and the sum to infinity.
𝟐
Ans ; r = , S = 162
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 136
𝟏
68. In an infinity G.P , the common ratio is – and the sum to infinity is 6, find the
𝟐
second and the third term.
Solution
𝟏
r=
𝟐
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
S= = = = = 𝟏 = 2a = 6
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟏 𝟐−𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
a=3
𝟏
U= 2x =1
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
U3 = 1 x =
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
( a ) The common ratio of a G.P is . If its sum to infinity is 8, find the first term.
𝟐
Ans ; a = 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69. The sum to infinity of a G.P is twice the first term.Find the common ratio.
Solution
S = 2a
.
𝒂
= 2a
𝟏;𝒓
𝟏
=2
𝟏;𝒓
1 = 2 – 2r
2r = 2 – 1 = 1
𝟏
r=
𝟐
ပုဵစဵတူပုစာၦ
( a ) Find the common ratio of a G.P whose sum to infinity is 4 times the first term.
𝟑
Ans; r =
𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
70. The sum to infinity of a G.P is twice the first term and the fifth term is , find
𝟏𝟔
the first term and the sum to infinity.
Solution
S = 2a
.
𝒂
= 2a
𝟏;𝒓
Page 137
𝟏
=2
𝟏;𝒓
1 = 2 – 2r
2r = 2 – 1 = 1
𝟏
r=
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒂 𝟏
U5 = ar4 = a( ) 4 = a( )= =
𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
a=1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
S= = = = = 𝟏 =2
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟏 𝟐−𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.6
4. In a G.P , the ratio of the sum of the first three terms to the sum to infinity of
the G.P is 19:27 . Find the common ratio.
𝟐
Ans ; r = ( 8 / ( 16 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 160 / 06 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
𝟑

71. In an infinity G.P , the ratio of the sum of the first three terms to the sum to
infinity of the G.P is 37:64 . Find the common ratio and the first term if the third
term is 81.
Solution
S3 : S = 37 : 67
𝒂( 𝟏−𝒓𝟑 )
𝑺𝟑 (𝟏−𝒓) 𝟑𝟕
= 𝒂 =
𝑺 𝟔𝟒
( 𝟏−𝒓 )
𝟑𝟕
( 1 – r3 ) =
𝟔𝟒
𝟑𝟕
1– = r3
𝟔𝟒
𝟔𝟒;𝟑𝟕
= r3
𝟔𝟒
.
3 𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟑
r = = 𝟑
𝟔𝟒 𝟒
𝟑
a=
𝟒
U3 = ar2 = 81
𝟑 𝟗𝒂
a ( )2 = = 81
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
a = 16 x 9 = 144
Page 138
72. A G.P is such that the sum of the first three terms 0.973 times the sum to
infinity. Find the common ratio.
𝟗𝟕𝟑
S3 = 0.973 S = S
. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
.
𝒂 ( 𝟏; 𝒓𝟑 ) 𝟗𝟕𝟑 𝒂
=
𝟏;𝒓 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏;𝒓
1000 – 1000r3 = 973
1000 – 973 = 1000r3
1000r3 = 27
.
3 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟑 𝟑 3
r = = = ( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝟏𝟎
𝟑
r= = 0.3
𝟏𝟎
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
73. An infinity geometric series has finite sum of 256 . The sum of the first three
terms is 224.What is the value of the third term.
Solution
S = 256
𝒂
= 256
𝟏– 𝒓
a = 256 ( 1 – r ) -------- ( 1 )
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn =
𝟏; 𝒓
S3 = 224
𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟑 )
= 224
𝟏; 𝒓
𝟐𝟓𝟔( 𝟏;𝒓 ) ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟑 )
= 224
𝟏; 𝒓
𝟐𝟐𝟒 𝟕
( 1 – r3 ) = =
𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟖
𝟕 𝟖;𝟕 𝟏 𝟏
r3 = 1 – = = == 𝟑
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟐
𝟏
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
a = 256 ( 1 – r ) = 256 ( 1 – ) = 256 ( ) = 128
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
U3 = ar2 = 128( )2 = 128( ) = 32
𝟐 𝟒

( a ) In an infinity G.P, the sum to infinity is 20 and the sum of the first three terms
Page 139
𝟏𝟓
is 22.5.Find the fifth term of the G.P. Ans ; U5 =
𝟖
( b ) In a G.P, the sum of the first three terms is 9.73 and the sum to infinity is
10.Find the fifth term of the G.P. Ans ; U5 = 0.0567
( c ) A geometric series is such that the sum of the first three terms is 9.36 and and
the sum to infinity is 10.Find the first term of the series. Ans ; a = 6
( d ) In an infinity G.P, the sum to infinity is 16 and the sum of the first three terms
𝟏
is 14.Find the fifth term of the G.P. Ans ; U5 =
𝟐
𝟐
( e ) In a G.P, the sum of the first three terms is 4 and the sum to infinity is 6.Find
𝟗
𝟔𝟒
the sixth term of the G.P. Ans ; U6 =
𝟐𝟒𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
74. The sum of the first 4 terms of a G.P is 960 and the sum of the first eight terms
is 1020. Find the first term and the common ratio. Find also the sum to infinity of
the G.P.
Solution
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn =
𝟏; 𝒓
S4 = 960 , S8 = 1020
𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟖 )
S8 = = 1020
𝟏; 𝒓
𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟒 )
S4 = = 960 ----------- ( 1 )
𝟏; 𝒓
𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟖 ) 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟏 .
𝟏− 𝒓 𝟏𝟕
=
𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝒓𝟒 ) 𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟒𝟖 .
𝟏− 𝒓 . 𝟏𝟔
𝟒 𝟒
( 𝟏; 𝒓 )( 𝟏: 𝒓 ) 𝟏𝟕
=
(𝟏; 𝒓𝟒) 𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟕
1 + r4 =
𝟏𝟔 .
4 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕;𝟏𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 4
r = –1= = = (± 𝟒 )
.𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟔 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
r = ( or ) r = –
𝟐 . 𝟐
𝟏
if r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐
Page 140
. . .
𝒂 ( 𝟏 –( 𝟏𝟐 )𝟒 ) 𝟏
𝒂(𝟏– ) 𝒂( 𝟏𝟔−𝟏 )
. = . 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟏𝟔
. = 960
𝟏; 𝟏 𝟐−𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 . 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟓𝟏 𝟏
a(
𝟏𝟔𝟖 ) = 𝟐 x 96064
a = 8 x 64 = 512
𝒂 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝟓𝟏𝟐
S= = = = 𝟐−𝟏 = 𝟏 = 512 x 2 = 1024
𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – 𝟏/𝟐
. 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
if r = – in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐 . . .
𝒂 ( 𝟏 –(; 𝟏𝟐 )𝟒 ) 𝒂 ( 𝟏 – 𝟏 ) 𝒂 ( 𝟏𝟔−𝟏 )
. = . 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟏𝟔
. = 960
𝟏
𝟏;( ; 𝟐 ) 𝟐+𝟏 𝟑
. 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟓𝟏 𝟑
a(
𝟏𝟔𝟖 ) = 𝟐 x 96064
a = 8 x 3 x 64 = 1536
𝒂 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟔 𝟓𝟏𝟐;𝟑 𝟓𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝟐
S= = = 𝟏 = 𝟐+𝟏 = 𝟑 = 512 x 3 x = 1024
𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 –(; ) 𝟑
𝟐 . 𝟐 . 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
 a = 512 ( or ) 1536 , r = ( or ) – , S = 1024
𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
75. If the first term of a G.P exceeds the second term by 2 and the sum to infinity is
50. Find the first term and the common ratio.
Solution
U1 – U2 = 2
a – ar = 2
a(1–r) =2
𝟐
(1–r) = ------- ( 1 )
𝒂
S = 50
.
𝒂
= 50
𝟏;𝒓
a = 50 ( 1 – r )
𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎
a = 50 x =
𝒂 𝒂
a2 = 100 = 102
a = ± 10 in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(1–r) = = =±
𝒂 ±𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟐
1 ± = r
𝟏𝟎
Page 141
𝟖 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
r= = ( or ) r = > 1 ( reject )
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟒
r=
𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.6
6. The sum of the first three terms of a G.P is 27 and the sum of the fourth , fifth
and sixth terms is – 1. Find the common ratio and the sum to infinity if it is
exists. ( 2 / 15 ်ပညးတျငး့ )( 51 / 11 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ )
Solution
U1 + U2 + U3 = a + ar + ar2 = 27 ---------- ( 1 )
U4 + U5 + U6 = ar3 + ar4 + ar5 = – 1
𝒂𝒓𝟑 :𝒂𝒓𝟒 :𝒂𝒓𝟓 𝒓𝟑 (𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 ) ;𝟏
= =
𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟑 . 𝒂:𝒂𝒓:𝒂𝒓𝟐 𝟐𝟕
𝟏 𝟏
r3 = – =– 𝟑
. 𝟐𝟕 𝟑
𝟏
r = – in Eq ( 1 )
𝟑 . . . . . . .
2 𝟏 𝟏 2 𝒂 𝒂 𝟗𝒂;𝟑𝒂:𝒂 𝟏𝟎𝒂;𝟑𝒂 𝟕𝒂
a+ar+ar = a + a(– ) + a( – ) = a – + = = = = 27
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟐𝟒𝟑
a=
𝟕 . .
𝟏 𝟏
lrl=l– l= < 1 and the sum to infinity exists.
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝒂 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟑 𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟏
S= = = 𝟏 = 𝟑+𝟏 = 𝟒 = x = = 26
𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – (; ) 𝟕 𝟒 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

( a ) The sum of the first three terms of a G.P is 63 and the sum of the fourth , fifth
𝟕 𝟑
and sixth terms is – . Find the sum to infinity of the G.P. Ans; 60
𝟑 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
မ္ဳိ့တူ ပုဵစဵကျဲ Old Question
76. The first term of a G.P is a and the common ratio is r. Given that a = 12r and the
sum to infinity is 4. Calculate the third term.
Solution
a = 12r
S=4
𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝒓
= =4
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–𝒓
12r = 4 – 4r
16r = 4
Page 142
𝟒 𝟏
r= = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
𝟏
a = 12 ( ) = 3
𝟒
Un = ar n – 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
U3 = ar2 = 3 ( ) 2 = = 3 ( )=
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔

( a ) The first term of a G.P is a and the common ratio is r. Given that a = 16r and
𝟏𝟔
the sum to infinity is 4. Calculate the fourth term. Ans ; U4 =
𝟖𝟏
( b ) The first term of a G.P is a and the common ratio is r. Given that a + 96r = 0
𝟑
and the sum to infinity is 32, find the 8th term. Ans ; U8 = –
𝟖
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
77. The first term of a G.P is a and the common ratio is r. If the sum to second and
𝟏𝟎𝒂
the third term is and the sum of the first 4 terms is 65, find a and r.
𝟗
𝟐
Ans ; a = 27 , r =
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78. A G.P has the first term a and the common ratio r. Given that the second term of
𝟐𝟕
the progression is 4 and and the fifth term is , calculate r , a and the sum to
𝟏𝟔
infinity.
Solution
U1 = ar = 4 ------ ( 1 )
𝟐𝟕
U5 = ar4 = ar x r3 = 4r3 =
. 𝟏𝟔
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟑
r3 = = == 𝟑
𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟒 𝟔𝟒 𝟒
𝟑
r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟒
𝟑
ar = a = 4
𝟒
𝟏𝟔
a=
𝟑
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝒂 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟏
S= = 𝟑 = 𝟒−𝟑 = 𝟏 = x 4 = = 21
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Page 143

( a ) A G.P has the first term a and the common ratio r. Given that the second term
𝟖
of the progression is 24 and and the fifth term is ,calculate r , a and the sum to
𝟗
𝟏
infinity. Ans ; r = , a = 72 , S = 108
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
79. A G.P has the first term a and the common ratio r. Given that the sum of first n
𝟒𝟐𝟐(𝒓;𝟏):𝒂
terms is 422 , show that ar n – 1 = .
𝒓
Solution
a=a,r=r
Sn = 422
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
Sn =
𝒓; 𝟏
𝒂 ( 𝒓𝒏; 𝟏 )
422 =
𝒓; 𝟏
422 ( r – 1 ) = ar n – a
422 ( r – 1 ) + a = ar n
.
𝟒𝟐𝟐(𝒓;𝟏):𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒏
=
𝒓 𝒓
𝟒𝟐𝟐(𝒓;𝟏):𝒂
= ar n – 1
𝒓
n–1 𝟒𝟐𝟐(𝒓;𝟏):𝒂
ar =
𝒓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
80. If the first term of a G.P 1 more than the second term and its sum to infinity is 4.
Find the value of the common ratio and fifth term.
Solution
a = ar + 1
a – ar = a ( 1 – r ) = 1
.
𝟏
a= ------- ( 1 )
𝟏;𝒓
S=4
.
𝒂
=4
𝟏;𝒓
..
𝟏 .
𝟏−𝒓 𝟏
= =4
𝟏;𝒓 ( 𝟏;𝒓 )𝟐
. .
2 𝟏 𝟏 2
( 1 – r ) = = ( )
. 𝟒 𝟐 .
𝟏 𝟏
1 – r = ( or ) 1 – r = –
𝟐 𝟐
Page 144
. . . .
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
r=1– = ( or ) r = 1 + = >1
𝟐. 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
 r = 𝟏 only.
.𝟐
𝟏
if r = in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐. .
𝟏. 𝟏.
a = = =2
𝟏;𝟏𝟐 𝟏
𝟐 . . .
4 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
U5 = ar = 2 ( 𝟒 ) = 𝟑 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟖
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏𝟑
81. In a G.P , whose first term is positive , the sum of the first and third terms is
𝟗
𝟏𝟔
and the product of the second and the fourth terms is . Find the common ratio
𝟖𝟏
and the sum to infinity
Solution
𝟏𝟑
U1 + U3 = a + ar2 = ------ ( 1 )
𝟗 .
3 2 4 𝟏𝟔 𝟒𝟐
U2 x U4 = ar x ar = a r = =
𝟖𝟏 𝟗𝟐
𝟒
ar2 =
𝟗
𝟒
a = 𝟐 in Eq ( 1 )
𝟗𝒓
𝟒 𝟒 2 𝟏𝟑
+ ( )r =
𝟗𝒓𝟐 𝟗𝒓𝟐 𝟗
𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟑
+( )=
𝟗𝒓𝟐 𝟗 𝟗
𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟑;𝟒 𝟗
= – = = =1
𝟗𝒓𝟐 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
𝟒
= 1 x r2 = r2
𝟗
𝟐
r=±
𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
a= 𝟐 = = =1
𝟗(±𝟐/𝟑 ) 𝟗 ( 𝟒/𝟗 ) 𝟒
𝟐 𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
If r = , S= = = = 𝟑−𝟐 = =3
𝟑 𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – 𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
𝟑
𝟐 𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
If r = – , S= = = = 𝟓 =
𝟑 𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏: 𝟐/𝟑 𝟑
𝟑
Page 145
𝟏 𝟏
82. A G.P is defined by Un = 𝒏 . Find the sum to infinity. Ans ; S =
𝟑 𝟐

𝟏 𝟏
( a ) A G.P is defined by Un = 𝒏 . Find the sum to infinity. Ans ; S =
𝟒 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
( b ) A G.P is defined by Un = 𝒏 . Find the sum to infinity. Ans ; S =
𝟓 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
Example 7. A G.P is defined by Un = .Find Sn and the smallest value of n for
𝟑𝒏
which the sum to the first n terms and the sum to infinity differ by less than
𝟏
.
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Solution
𝟏
Un = 𝒏
𝟑
𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟏
U1 = , U2 = , r= 𝟏 = x3=
𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟑
𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 ) 𝟑
( 𝟏 –( 𝟑 )𝒏 ) 𝟑
( 𝟏 – 𝟑𝒏 ) 𝟑
( 𝟏 – 𝟑𝒏 ) 𝟏 𝟏
Sn = = 𝟏 = 𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐 = (1– )
𝟏; 𝒓 𝟏; 𝟐 𝟑𝒏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏𝟏
Sn = –( 𝒏 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
S = = = = =
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟏 𝟑−𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
S – Sn = ( 𝒏 )
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏
S – Sn <
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( 𝒏 )<
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
( 𝒏 )<
𝟑 𝟓𝟎
3n > 50
50 < 3n
33 = 27 < 50 < 34 = 81
the smallest value of n = 4
Page 146
Exercise 5.6
10. Find the smallest value of n for which the sum to the first n terms and the
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
sum to infinity of a G.P 1 , , , ….. differ by less than .
𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( a )Find the sum to infinity of the G.P , ,
, ….. Find the smallest positive
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕
integer n such that the difference between Sn and the sum to infinity is less than
𝟏
. Ans ; n = 6
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( b ) In a G.P , , , ….., if the difference between the sum to infinity and the
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟔
𝟏
sum to the first n terms is less than , find the smallest value of n . Ans ; n = 5
𝟗𝟎𝟎
( c ) Find the smallest value of n for which the sum to the first n terms and the sum
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
to infinity of a G.P 1 , , , ….. differ by less than . Ans ; n = 4
𝟕 𝟒𝟗 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83. If 33x – 1 , 9x and 27 3 – x are the first three terms of G.P , find the value of x. Find
also the smallest positive integer n such that the sum to infinity and the sum to n
term of tht G.P differ by less than 0.0005.
Solution
𝟗𝒙 𝟐𝟕𝟑−𝒙 ( 𝟑𝟑 )𝟑−𝒙
= =
𝟑𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟗𝒙 𝟗𝒙
𝟑𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝟗−𝟑𝒙
=
𝟑𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟑𝟐𝒙
32x – 3x + 1 = 3 9 – 3x – 2x
31– x = 3 9 – 5x
1 – x = 9 – 5x
5x – x = 9 – 1
4x = 8
x=2
Page 147
𝟗𝒙 𝟗𝟐 𝟑𝟒 𝟑𝟒 𝟏
r = 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟑( 𝟐 )−𝟏 = 𝟔−𝟏 = 𝟓 =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
a = 33x – 1 = 35 = 243
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 ) 𝟑𝟓 ( 𝟏 –( )𝒏 ) 𝟑𝟓 ( 𝟏 – 𝒏 ) 𝟑𝟓 ( 𝟏 – 𝒏 ) 𝟑𝟔 𝟏
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Sn = = 𝟏 = 𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐 = (1– )
𝟏; 𝒓 𝟏; 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝒏
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟔 𝟏
= – ( 𝒏 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝒂 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟔
S= = 𝟏 = 𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑𝟔 𝟏
S – Sn = ( 𝒏 )
𝟐 𝟑
S – Sn < 0.0005
𝟑𝟔 𝟏 𝟓
( 𝒏 )<
𝟐𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝟓𝟏
( 𝒏 )<
𝟑 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐱 𝟑𝟔
3n > 1000 x 36
1000 x 36 < 3n
36 = 729 < 1000 < 37 = 2187

36 x 36= 312 < 1000 x 36 < 37 x 36 = 313
the smallest positive integer n = 13
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84. A G.P has first term 2 and common ratio 0.96. Calculate the least value of n for
which S – Sn < 1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
85. The first term of a G.P is 3 and the common ratio is 0.25. Find the sum to
infinity , and and the least value of n for which the sum to n terms differs from the
sum to infinity by less than 0.004. Ans ; S = 4 , n = 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that x + 18 , x + 4 and x – 8 are the first three terms of a G.P, find the the
value of x.Hence find ( i ) the common ratio ( ii ) the fifth term ( iii ) the sum to
infinity ( 12 / 2013 ဧရာွတီ )
Page 148
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.6
𝟏
8. Given that 2x – 14 , x – 4 and x are the succive terms of a Sequence.
𝟐
( a ) find the value of x when the sequence is ( i ) and A.P ( ii ) a G.P
( b ) if 2x – 14 is the third term of that G.P with infinify terms, find

( i ) the common ratio ( ii ) the the sum to infinity.

𝟏
86. Given that 2x – 14 , x – 4 and x are the three consecutive terms of a G.P, if
𝟐
2x – 14 is the third term of that G.P with infinify terms, find the the sum to infinity.
Solution
𝟏
2x – 14 , x – 4 and x are the three consecutive terms of a G.P
𝟐
𝟏
𝒙;𝟒 𝒙
𝟐
=
𝟐𝒙;𝟏𝟒 𝒙;𝟒
𝟏 𝒙
( x – 4 )2 = x ( 2x – 14 ) = x 2 ( x – 7 ) = x2 – 7x
𝟐 𝟐
x2 – 8x + 16 = x2 – 7x
– 8x + 16 = – 7x
16 = 8x – 7x = x
𝒙;𝟒 𝟏𝟔;𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟐
r= = = =
𝟐𝒙;𝟏𝟒 𝟑𝟐;𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟖 𝟑
𝟐 𝟒
U3 = ar2 = a( )2 = a( ) = 2x – 14 = 18
𝟑 𝟗
𝟗 𝟖𝟏
a = 189 x )=
𝟒𝟐 𝟐
𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏
𝒂 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟖𝟏 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟏
S= = = 𝟐 = 𝟑−𝟐 = 𝟏 = 𝟐 ( 3 ) = 𝟐 = 121 𝟐
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
87. 5x + 1 , 3x – 1 are the first two terms of a G.P .If the sum to infinity of that G.P
is 32 , find the value of x and the sum to the first ten terms of the G.P.
Solution
5x + 1 , 3x – 1 are the first two terms of a G.P
a = 5x + 1
𝟑𝒙;𝟏
r=
𝟓𝒙:𝟏
S = 32
𝒂 𝟓𝒙:𝟏 𝟓𝒙:𝟏 𝟓𝒙:𝟏 ( 𝟓𝒙:𝟏)𝟐 (𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 :𝟏𝟎𝒙:𝟏 )
S= = = = = = = 32
𝟏 – 𝒓 𝟏 – 𝟑𝒙−𝟏
𝟓𝒙+𝟏
𝟓𝒙+𝟏−𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟐
𝟓𝒙+𝟏
𝟐𝒙:𝟐 𝟐𝒙:𝟐
𝟓𝒙+𝟏
Page 149
25x2 + 10x + 1 = 64x + 64

25x2 – 64x + 10x + 1 – 64 = 0
25x2 – 54x – 63 = 0
( x – 3 ) ( 25x + 21 )= 0
x – 3 = 0 ( or ) 25x + 21 = 0
;𝟐𝟏
x = 3 ( or ) x =
𝟐𝟓
𝟑𝒙;𝟏 𝟑(𝟑);𝟏 𝟗;𝟏 𝟖 𝟏
if x = 3 , r = = = = =
𝟓𝒙:𝟏 𝟓(𝟑):𝟏 𝟏𝟓:𝟏 𝟏𝟔 𝟐
;𝟐𝟏
if x = ,
𝟐𝟓
−𝟐𝟏 −𝟔𝟑 −𝟔𝟑−𝟐𝟓
𝟑( 𝟐𝟓 );𝟏
𝟑𝒙;𝟏 𝟐𝟓
;𝟏 𝟐𝟓𝟓 ;𝟖𝟖 ;𝟖𝟖 𝟏𝟏
r= = −𝟐𝟏 = −𝟐𝟏 = −𝟐𝟏+𝟓 = = = > 1 ( reject )
𝟓𝒙:𝟏 𝟓( ):𝟏 :𝟏 ;𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟓 ;𝟖𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟓 𝟓 𝟓𝟏
 x = 3 , r = , a = 5x + 1 = 16
𝒂 ( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 )
Sn = , r<1
𝟏; 𝒓
𝟏 𝟐𝟏𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒−𝟏
𝟏𝟔 ( 𝟏 –( 𝟐 )𝟏𝟎 ) 𝟐𝟒 (
𝟐 𝟏𝟎 ) (
𝟐𝟔𝟓
) 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝟑𝟏
S10 = 𝟏 = 𝟐−𝟏 = = 𝟏 = = 31
𝟏; 𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88. The first three terms of a geometric series are 3( q+5 ) , 3( q+3 ) and ( q+7 )
respectively, calculate the possible values of q. For each positive values of q find the
common ratio and the sum to infinity of the G.P.
3 ( q+5 ), 3 ( q+3 ) and ( q+7 ) are the first three terms of a G.P
𝟑(𝒒:𝟑 ) 𝒒:𝟕
=
𝟑(𝒒:𝟓 ) 𝟑( 𝒒:𝟑 )
2
3 ( q+3 ) = ( q+7 ) ( q+5 ),
3 ( q2 + 6q + 9 ) = q2 + 12q + 35
3q2 + 18q + 27 = q2 + 12q + 35
3q2 – q2 + 18q – 12q + 27 – 35 = 0
2q2 + 6q – 8 = 0
q2 + 3q – 4 = 0
(q–1)(q+4)=0
q – 1 = 0 ( or ) q + 4 = 0
q = 1 ( or ) q = – 4
for each positive values of q , q = 1
a = 3 ( q+5 ) = 3 ( 1 + 5 ) = 3 x 6 = 18
𝟑(𝒒:𝟑 ) (𝟏:𝟑 ) 𝟒 𝟐
r= = = =
𝟑(𝒒:𝟓 ) (𝟏:𝟓 ) 𝟔 𝟑
𝒂 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖
S= = = 𝟐 = 𝟑−𝟐 = 𝟏 = 18 x 3 = 54
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
Page 150

( a ) The three positive numbers 2x – 3 , x , x – 2 are the first three terms of a G.P.
Calculate the value of the sum to infinity. Ans ; S = 27
( b ) A geometric sequence contains thepositive terms and the first three terms are
7 + x ,2 + 2x ,1 – x.Find the value of x and calculate the sum to infinity.
𝟏 𝟒
Ans ; x = , S = 10
𝟓 𝟓
( c ) The first three terms of a geometric progression are x + 6 , x , x – 3 . Calculate

the value of x , the first term and the sum to infinity. Ans ; x = 6 , a = 12 , S = 24
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 5.5
14. The sum of the first n terms of a certain sequence is given by Sn = n2+ 2n.
Find the first three terms of the sequence and express nth term in terms of n.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
89. If S1 , S2 , S3 , …….…, Sp are the sum to infinity of geometric series whose first
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
terms are 1,2,3,…..…, p and whose common ratios are , , ,……..…., ,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝒑:𝟏
𝒑( 𝒑:𝟑 )
respectively , show that S1 + S2 + S3 + ……+ Sp = .
𝟐
Solution
𝟏 𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
for S1 , a = 1 , r = , S1 = S = = 𝟏 = 𝟐−𝟏 = 𝟏 =2
𝟐 𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒂 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
for S2 , a = 2 , r = , S2 = S = = 𝟏 = 𝟑−𝟏 = 𝟐 = 2 x =3
𝟑 𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝒂 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒
for S3 , a = 3 , r = , S3 = S = = 𝟏 = 𝟒−𝟏 = 𝟑 = 3 x = 4 ………………
𝟒 𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏–𝟒 𝟑
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝒂 𝒑 𝒑 𝒑 𝒑:𝟏
for Sp , a = p , r = , Sp = S = = 𝟏 = 𝑷+𝟏−𝟏 = 𝒑 = p x = p+1
𝒑:𝟏 𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝒑
𝒑+𝟏` 𝒑+𝟏 𝒑+𝟏
S1 + S2 + S3 + ……+ Sp = 2 + 3 + 4 + …………….+ ( P + 1 )
for the series 2 + 3 + 4 + …………….+ ( P + 1 )
3 – 2 = 4 – 3 = 1 and it is an A.P.
𝒑 𝒑 𝒑( 𝒑:𝟑 )
2 + 3 + 4 + …………….+ ( P + 1 ) = ( 2 + P + 1 ) = = ( P + 3 ) =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
90. A G.P has a first term of 18 and the sum to infinity of 30. Each of the terms in
the progression is squared to form a new G.P. Find the sum to infinity of the new
progression.
Page 151
Solution
For 1st G.P , a = 18 ,
S = 30
𝒂 𝟏𝟖
= = 30
𝟏– 𝒓 𝟏– 𝒓
30 – 30r = 18
30 – 12 = 18 = 30r
𝟏𝟖 𝟐
r= =
𝟑𝟎 𝟓
The new G.P = a2 , ( ar )2 , ( ar2 )2 ,…… = a2 , a2r2 , a2r4 ,……
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 182 , 182( )2 , 182( )4 , …… = 324 , 324( )2 , 324( )4 ,…….
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
for the new G.P,
𝟐 𝟒
A = 324 , R = ( )2 =
𝟓 𝟐𝟓
𝑨 𝟑𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐𝟓 𝟖𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝟓
S= = 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟓−𝟒 = 𝟐𝟏 = == = = 385
𝟏– 𝑹 𝟏– 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟕 𝟕
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91. If the first term of an infinity G.P is 1 and each term is twice the sum of the
succeeding terms, find the common ratio.
ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကး
Succeeding terms ကိုနာ့လညးဖို ံအတျကး
အရငးဆုဵ့ကိနး့တနး့အတိုေလ့တစးခုေလာကးေလံလာၾကညးံရေအာငး၈
Succeeding terms = အေနာကးကပးလ္ြကးရြိ အစဥးလိုကး်ဖစးေသာ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့
အကယး၊ U , U
1 2 , U3 , U4 , U5 , U6 တို ံဟာ G.P တစးခုရဲ ံ ဆကးတိုကး်ဖစးတဲံကိနး့လုဵ့ေတျ
်ဖစးၾကတယးဆိုရငး
U6 ဟာ U5 ရဲ႕ Succeeding terms ပါ
U5 နဲ ံU6 တို႔ဟာ U4 ရဲ႕ Succeeding terms ေတျပါ၈
U4 , U5 နဲ ံU6 တို႔ဟာ U3 ရဲ႕ Succeeding terms ေတျပါ၈
တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ
In a G.P , U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 , U5 , U6
Succeeding terms of U5 = U6
Succeeding terms of U4 = U5 , U6
Succeeding terms of U3 = U4 = U5 , U6U4 , U5 , U6
Succeeding terms of U2 = U3,U4 , U5 , U6
Succeeding terms of U1 = U2,U3, U4 , U5 , U6
ပုစာၦမြာ ေရြ႕ကိနး့တနးဖို့ဟာ သူ ံေနာကးက Succeeding terms ေတျ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့်ခငး့နြစးဆ
လို ံေပ့ထာ့ပါတယး၈အေပၚက ဥပမာေလ့အတိုငး့ဆိုရငး
Page 152
ကိနး့လုဵ့ Succeeding terms တနးဖို့

U1 U2,U3, U4 , U5 , U6 U1 = 2 ( U2 +U3+ U4 + U5 + U6 )
U2 U3,U4 , U5 , U6 U2= 2 ( U3+ U4 + U5 + U6 )
U3 U4 , U5 , U6 U3= 2 ( U4 + U5 + U6 )
U4 U5 , U6 U4= 2 ( U5 + U6 )
U5 U6 U5= 2U6
ဒါေပမယးံ ပုစာၦမြာ ေပ့ထာ့တာက Sum to infinity ်ဖစးေလေတာံ

U1 = 2 ( U2 +U3+ U4 + U5 + U6+ …………to infinity terms) လို ံရြာရမြပါ၈
ဒါေပမယးံ U = a = 1 လို႔ ပုစာၦမြာေပ့ထာ့ေတာံ common ratio တနးဖို့ r = r ထာ့လိုကးမယးဆိုရငး
1
U2= ar = 1 x r = r
U3= ar2 = 1 x r2=r2
U5= ar3 = 1 x r2=r3

အဲံဒါဆိုရငး အေပၚက ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ေလ့က
U1 = 2 ( r + r2+ r3 + r4 + r5 + …………to infinity terms ) ဆို်ပီ့ရလာမယး

2 3 4 5
ကျငး့ထဲရြိ ကိနး့တနး့ ( r + r + r + r + r + …………to infinity terms) အတျကး
first term သညး a = r , common ratio သညး r = r ဆို်ပီ့်ဖစးလာမယး၈
. .
2 3 4 5 𝒂 𝒓
r + r + r + r + r + …………to infinity terms = S = =
𝟏;𝒓 𝟏;𝒓
အဲံတာဆို
U1 = 2 ( r + r2+ r3 + r4 + r5 + …………to infinity terms)

.
𝒓
1=2( )
𝟏;𝒓
𝟐𝒓
1 =
𝟏;𝒓
1 – r = 2r
1 = 3r
𝟏
r= ဆို်ပီ့ “ r ” တနးဖို့ေလ့ ရလာပါမယး၈
𝟑
Solution
U1 = 2 ( r + r2+ r3 + r4 + r5 + …………to infinity terms)
for r + r2+ r3 + r4 + r5 + …………to infinity terms ,

a=r,r=r,
. .
2 3 4 5 𝒂 𝒓
for r + r + r + r + r + …………to infinity terms = S = =
𝟏;𝒓 𝟏;𝒓
Page 153
.
𝒓
1=2( )
𝟏;𝒓
𝟐𝒓
1 =
𝟏;𝒓
1 – r = 2r
1 = 3r
𝟏
r=
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A.P ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး သတိထာ့ရမညးံအခ္ကးမ္ာ့
A.P ေဖား်မဴလာ
Value Formula Type of formula Note
Un 1 Un = a + ( n – 1 ) d General formula a = first term
2 Un = Un – 1 + d Recursion formula d = common difference
n = number of term
3 Un = Un + 1 – d Recursion formula
Un = nth term ( or )
4 Un = Sn – Sn – 1
last term
Value Formula Note

Sn 1 𝒏 ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ မသိရငး
Sn = { 2a + ( n – 1 ) d }
𝟐
2 𝒏 ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ မသိရငး
Sn = {a+l }
𝟐
3 Sn = na d = 0 ဆိုရငး
G.P ေဖား်မဴလာ
Value Formula Type of formula Note
Un 1 Un = ar n – 1 General formula a = first term
2 Un = Un – 1 x r Recursion formula r = common ratio
n = number of term
3 𝑼𝒏+𝟏 Recursion formula
Un = Un = nth term ( or )
𝒓
4 Un = Sn – Sn – 1 last term
Value Formula Note

Sn 1 𝒂( 𝒓𝒏 ;𝟏 ) If r > 1
Sn =
𝒓;𝟏
2 𝒂( 𝟏 ; 𝒓𝒏 ) If r < 1
Sn =
𝟏;𝒓
3 Sn = na If r = 1
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ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး ၾကညးံရမညးံအခ္ကး
A.P တစးခု၏ Un ႏြငးံ Sn ေဖား်မဴလာမ္ာ့ကို ေလံလာပါက
A.P ၏ Un ႏြငးံ Sn ေဖား်မဴလာတျငး a , d , n ဆိုသညးံ မသိကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့သာပါသညးကို ေတျ႕ရပါမညး၈
ထိုမသိကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့တျငး a ႏြငးံ d မြာ A.P တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအလိုကး မေ်ပာငး့လဲတမး့ရြိေနသညးံ ကိနး့ေသ
တနးဖို့မ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ n မြာ ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရအလိုကး ေ်ပာငးလဲေနသညးံ ကိနး့ရြငးတနးဖို့ေလ့်ဖစးပါသညး၈
ထိုမသိကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့တျငး a ႏြငးံ d မြာ A.P တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအလိုကး မေ်ပာငး့လဲတမး့ရြိေနသညးံ ကိနး့ေသ
တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ်ဖစး်ပီ့ n မြာ ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရအလိုကး ေ်ပာငးလဲေနသညးံ ကိနး့ရြငးတနးဖို့ေလ့်ဖစးပါသညး၈
ထို႔အတူပငး G.P ၏ Un ႏြငးံ Sn ေဖား်မဴလာတျငး a , r , n ဆိုသညးံ မသိကိနး့ ၀ လုဵ့သာပါသညးကို
ေတျ႕ရပါမညး၈
တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အာ့တျကးရာတျငး မညးသညးံတနးဖို့ရြာရြာ အဓိကသိထာ့ရမညးံတနးဖို့ ဿ ခုမြာ
( 1 ) A.P ဆိုရငး a နဲ႔ d ( 2 ) G.P ဆိုရငး a နဲ႔ r ်ဖစးလာပါမညး၈
ပုစာၦ၏ေပ့ခ္ကးတျငးေပ့ထာ့စရာ Usage ၀ မ္ဳိ့သာရြိပါသညး၈ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ Term ( U ) ႏြငးံ Sum ( S )
ႏြငးံ Number of term ( n ) တုိ႕ပဲ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ A.P ႏြငးံ G.P ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး အဓိက ၾကညးံစရာ ဿ မ္ဳိ့သာ ရြိမညး်ဖစးပါသညး၈
အဆငးံ ( 1 )
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Sequence သညး ( 1 ) A.P လာ့ ( 2 ) G.P လာ့ ( 3 ) ရို့ရို့ Sequence လာ့ၾကညးံ
ေပ့ခ္ကး/ေမ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့သညး Term( U ) လာ့ Sum( S ) လာ့ Number of term ( n ) လာ့ ၾကညးံ
ပုစာၦလိုအပးခ္ကးအရ ( 1 ) A.P ဆိုရငး a နဲ႔ d ရြာ ( 2 ) G.P ဆိုရငး a နဲ႔ r ရြာ
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Chapter ( 6 )
Matrix
Matrix ၏အေ်ခခဵသေဘာတရာ့
Matrix ၏အေ်ခခဵသေဘာတရာ့ကို နာ့လညးရနးအတျကး အရငးဦ့ဆုဵ့ မသိကိနး့ႏြစးလုဵ့ပါညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးစုဵ
်ဖငးံေလံလာၾကညးံမညး၈
လူတစးေယာကးသညး ေစ့္ဆိုငးတစးဆိုငးမြ ေဘာပငး ဿ ေခ္ာငး့ႏြငးံ စာအုပး ၀ အုပးကိုွယးယူလ္ြငး ေငျ 190

က္ပး ေပ့ေခ္ရမညး ်ဖစး်ပီ့ေဘာပငး ၀ ေခ္ာငး့ႏြငးံ စာအုပး ှ အုပးကိုွယးယူလ္ြငး ေငျ 110 က္ပး
ေပ့ေခ္ရမညး ဆိုလ္ြငး ေဘာပငး ှ ေခ္ာငး့ ႏြငးံ စာအုပး ှ အုပး ေစ့္ႏႈနး့တို႔ကို ရြာပါ၈
ေဘာပငး ှ ေခ္ာငး့ ေစ့္ႏႈနး့ = x က္ပး ်ဖစးပါေစ

စာအုပး ှ အုပးေစ့္ႏႈနး့ = y က္ပး ်ဖစးပါေစ
ေဘာပငး ဿ ေခ္ာငး့ႏြငးံ စာအုပး ၀ အုပး ေစ့္ႏႈနး့ = 2x + 3y က္ပး = 190 က္ပး
ေဘာပငး ၀ ေခ္ာငး့ႏြငးံ စာအုပး ှ အုပး ေစ့္ႏႈနး့ = 3x + y က္ပး = 110 က္ပး
2x + 3y = 190 ႏြငးံ 3x + y = 110 ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ ဿ ခုမြ x ႏြငးံ y တနးဖိုမ္ာ့အာ့ ရြာမညးဆိုလ္ြငး…..
2x + 3y = 190 ( 1 )
3x + y = 110 ( 2 )
9x + 3y = 330  ( 2 ) x 3
( – ) 2x + 3y = 190  ( 1 )
7x = 140
x = 20 in ( 2 )
3( 20 ) + y = 110
y = 110 – 60 = 50
x = 20 , y = 50
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦေလ့အာ့ ေ်ဖရြငး့ပုဵကို ေလံလာၾကညးံပါက အေ်ဖရရနး အမြနးတကယး ကိုငးတျယးေ်ဖရြငး့

ရသညးံ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ႏြစးခုရြိ 2 , 3 , 190 ႏြငးံ 3 , 1 , 110 ဆိုသညးံ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ x ႏြငးံ y မြာ
အဆိုပါတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ေ်ဖရြငး့ရလျယးေစရနး အေယာငး်ပထညးံသျငး့ထာ့သညးံတနးဖို့မ္ာ့သာ်ဖစး်ပီ့ အထကးပါ
ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ ေ်ဖရြငး့ရာတျငး x ႏြငးံ y သညး ေနရာလိုကးတနးဖို့ယူထာ့သညးကလျဲ၊ မညးသညးံ လုပးငနး့မြ
မလုပးသညးကို သတိထာ့မိမညး ထငးပါသညး၈
x ႏြငးံy မပါ်ခငး့သညးညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ဿခုေ်ဖရြငး့်ခငး့အတျကးမညးသို႔မ္ြအက္ဳိ့သကးေရာကးမႈမရြိေသားလညး့ ၁ငး့တို႔
ပါပါက ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ေ်ဖရြငး့ရာတျငး ကိုငးတျယးရပိုလျယးသညးကိုေတျ႕ရမညး၈ ၁ငး့ကို x ႏြငးံ y ဖယး်ပီ့
၁ငး့တို႔ ေနရာတျငး ကျကးလပး ( ှ ) ႏြငးံ ကျကးလပး ( ဿ ) ထာ့တျကးၾကညးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
Page 156
ကျကးလပး ( ှ ) အာ့
ကျကးလပး ( ဿ )အာ့ ထာ့ပါမညး၈
2 +3 = 190  ( 1 )
3 + = 110  ( 2 )
9 +3 = 330  ( 2 ) x 3
( – )2 +3 = 110  ( 1 )
7 = 140
= 20 in ( 2 )
3 ( 20 ) + = 110
= 110 – 60 = 50
ကျကးလပး ( ှ ) = 20 = ေဘာပငး ှ ေခ္ာငး့ တနးဖို့
ကျကးလပး ( ဿ ) = 50 = စာအုပး ှ အုပး တနးဖို့
အထကးပါ သေဘာတရာ့ေလ့ကို နာ့လညးႏိုငးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး မသိကိနး့ပါ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ကို ေ်ဖရြငး့ရာတျငး

အဆိုပါ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့သညး ေနရာယူတနးဖို့အ်ဖစး ထမး့ေဆာငးသညးမြလျ၊
ဲ မညးသညးံ ေ်ဖရြငး့မႈလုပးငနး့မြ
မထမး့ေဆာငးပဲ အမြနးတကယး ေ်ဖရြငး့မႈလုပးငနး့မ္ာ့ ထမး့ေဆာငးသညးမြာ အဆိုပါညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ပါ
သိကိနး့မ္ာ့သာ ်ဖစးသညးကို စဥး့စာ့မိမညး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ Matrix သေဘာတရာ့သညးလညး့
ဤသေဘာတရာ့ေလ့ကို အေ်ခခဵထာ့သညးံ မသိကိနး့ပါ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ကိုေ်ဖရြငး့ရာတျငး သိကိနး့နယးႏြငးံ
မသိကိနး့နယးအာ့ သတးသတးစီခထ
ျဲ ုတး်ပီ့ မသိကိနး့နယးအာ့ အေသထာ့၊ သိကိနး့နယးအာ့
အဆငးံဆငးံရြငး့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့၏ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ တျကးထုတးယူသညးံ သေဘာတရာ့တစးခုပငး
်ဖစးပါသညး၈အထကးပါညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ႏြစးခုအာ့ Matrix နညး့သုဵ့၊ သိကိနး့ ႏြငးံမသိကိနး့နယး ႏြစးခုအာ့ မညးသို႔
ချထ
ဲ ုတး်ပီ့ တျကးထုတးယူသနညး့ကို ေအာကးတျငး အက္ဥး့ရုဵ့ ရြငး့်ပထာ့
ပါသညး၈
2x + 3y = 190
3x + y = 110
သိ
𝒙ကိ 𝟑
𝟐
(=𝒚 )
𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏
(𝟑နး
မ )
𝟏𝟏𝟎
့
သိ
𝒙 𝟐 𝟑 ;𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝟎 ကိ
(𝒚 ) = ( ) ( )
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟎 န
နး
ယး မ္ြ်ခငး့အ်ခာ့တစးဘကး
့
မသိကိနး့နယးအာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဘကးတျငးအေသထာ့ခဲံ်ပီ့ သိကိနး့နယးမ္ာ့အာ့ညီ
န Page 157
ယး
သို႔အကုနးပို႔်ပီ့ အဆငးံဆငးံရြငး့ထုတးသျာ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ လိုအပးေသာမသိကိနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ ရလာမညး

်ဖစးပါသညး၈
𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏𝟗𝟎
(𝒚) =
( 𝟐𝒙𝟏);(𝟑𝒙𝟑) −𝟑
( )( )
𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟎
𝒙 𝟏 𝟏𝟗𝟎 − 𝟑𝟑𝟎
(𝒚)= ( )
;𝟕 −𝟓𝟕𝟎 + 𝟐𝟐𝟎
𝒙 𝟏 −𝟏𝟒𝟎
(𝒚) = ( )
;𝟕 −𝟑𝟓𝟎
𝒙 𝟐𝟎
(𝒚) = ( )
𝟓𝟎
အထကးပါ ဥပမာေလ့အာ့ ရြငး့ရာတျငး Matrix အေ်ခခဵသေဘာတရာ့မ္ာ့ သိ်ပီ့ဟု ယူဆခ္ကး်ဖငးံသာ

ရြငး့ေပ့်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး၈ မသိကိနး့ပါညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ ရြငး့ရာတျငး Matrix စနစး်ဖငးံ ရြငး့ထုတးယူ်ခငး့၏
အဓိက အာ့သာခ္ကး တစးခုမြာ မသိကိနး့ႏြစးခုလုဵ့၏ အေ်ဖအာ့ တၿပိဳငးနကး ရရြိႏိုငး်ခငး့ပငး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
Matrix စကာလုဵ့၏ မူလဇစး်မစး

Matrix ဆိုေသာစကာလုဵ့သညး ်ပငးသစးစကာ့ Matrice ( အဂၤလိပးလို pregnant animal -
ကိုယးွနးေဆာငးသတၱွါ ) မြ ဆငး့သကးလာ်ခငး့ ( သို႔မဟုတး ) လကးတငးစကာ့ “m tr x ” ( အဂၤလိပးလို
dam ( သို႔ ) womb - သာ့အိမး ( သို႔ ) သာ့အိမးကဲံသို႔ ဖုဵ့အုပးထာ့သညးံအရာ ) မြ ဆငး့သကး
လာ်ခငး့်ဖစးသညးဟုလကးခဵထာ့ၾကပါသညး၈ မညးသို႔ဆငး့သကးလာသညး်ဖစးေစ Matrix ဆိုေသာ စကာ့
လုဵ့၏ ဆိုလိုရငး့အနကးမြာ အရာတစးခုခုကို အရာတစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ွနး့ရဵဖုဵ့အုပးထာ့်ခငး့ အဓိပၸါယးသာ အဓိက
်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ Array တစးခုအာ့လကးသညး့ကျငး့ ( round bracket ) ်ဖငးံ ွနး့ရဵဖုဵ့အုပး
ေရ့သာ့ ထာ့်ခငး့အာ့ Matrix ဟု အမညးတပး်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး၈
မသိကိနး့ပါ Linear Equation မ္ာ့မြ Matrix အတျကး သဘာတရာ့ထုတးယူ်ခငး့

အကယး၊ ax + by = u ႏြငးံ cx + dy = v တို႔သညး မသိကိနး့ႏြစးလုဵ့ပါ Linear Equation မ္ာ့်ဖစးၿပီ့
a,b,c,d တို႔သညး သုည မဟုတးေသာ မသိကိနး့ကိနး့ေသမ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကလ္ြငး x ႏြငးံ y ကိုရြာရနးအတျကး
အထကးပါ Equation ႏြစးခုရြိ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ညြိယူပါမညး၈
ax + by = u  ( 1 )cx + dy = v  ( 2 )
ဦ့စျာ y ကိုရြာရနး Eq ( 1 ) တစးတနး့လုဵ့ကို a ်ဖငးံ စာ့မညး၈
𝒃 𝒖
x+ y=
𝒂 𝒂
ၿပီ့လ္ြငး c ်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးပါမညး၈
𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒖
cx + y=
𝒂 𝒂
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ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ 2 ကို်ပနးေခၚ၊ရြငး့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒖
cx + y=
𝒂 𝒂
( – ) cx + dy= v  ( 2 )
𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒖
y – dy = –v
𝒂 𝒂
𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒖
y( –d) = – v
𝒂 𝒂
𝒃𝒄;𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒖;𝒂𝒗
y( ) =
𝒂 𝒂
y ( bc – ad ) = cu – av
𝒄𝒖;𝒂𝒗 ;(;𝒄𝒖:𝒂𝒗) ;𝒄𝒖:𝒂𝒗
y = = = ဆုိ်ပီ့ y တနးဖို့ေလ့ ရလာပါမညး၈
𝒃𝒄;𝒂𝒅 ;(𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄) 𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄
ထို႔အတူ x ကိုရြာရနး ax + by = u  ( 1 )
cx + dy = v  ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) တစးတနး့လုဵ့ကို d ်ဖငးံ စာ့ၿပီ့ b ်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးပါမညး၈
𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒗
x + by =
𝒅 𝒅
၁ငး့ကို Eq ( 1 ) ထဲက ႏႈတးပါမညး၈
a x + by = u  ( 1 )
𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒗
(–) x + by =
𝒅 𝒅
𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒗
ax – x= u–
𝒅 𝒅
𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒗
x(a– ) = u–
𝒅 𝒅
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄 𝒖𝒅;𝒃𝒗
x( )=
𝒅 𝒅
x ( ad – bc ) = ud – bv
𝒖𝒅;𝒃𝒗
x =
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ x ႏြငးံ y တနးဖို့တို႔အတျကး ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ အေ်ဖမြာ
𝒖𝒅;𝒃𝒗 ;𝒄𝒖:𝒂𝒗
x = , y =
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄
ဤသညးကို ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့ ကျငး့ခတးေဖား်ပလ္ြငး ( သို႔ ) Matrix ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပလ္ြငး
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𝒖𝒅;𝒃𝒗
𝒙 𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄
(𝒚 ) = (;𝒄𝒖:𝒂𝒗 )
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄
𝟏
အကယး၊ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့တျငးဘုဵပါေနေသာ ကို ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့အ်ဖစးဆျထ
ဲ ုတးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄
𝒙 𝟏 𝒖𝒅 − 𝒃𝒗
(𝒚 ) = ( )
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄 −𝒄𝒖 + 𝒂𝒗
𝒖𝒅 − 𝒃𝒗
၁ငး့မြ ( ) ကို Matrix ႏြစးခုေ်မြာကးလဒးအ်ဖစးေဖား်ပမညး ဆိုလ္ြငး
−𝒄𝒖 + 𝒂𝒗
𝒖𝒅 − 𝒃𝒗 𝒅 −𝒃 𝒖
( ) = ( )( )
−𝒄𝒖 + 𝒂𝒗 −𝒄 𝒂 𝒗
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့အဆငးံအေန်ဖငးံ
𝒙 𝟏 𝒅 −𝒃 𝒖
(𝒚 ) = ( ) ( ) ဆို်ပီ့ရလာပါမညး၈
𝒂𝒅;𝒃𝒄 −𝒄 𝒂 𝒗
အကယး၊ မူရငး့ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ကိုလဲ Matrix ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေရ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
ax + by = u  ( 1 )
cx + dy = v  ( 2 )
𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 𝒖
( ) (𝒚 )= ( )
𝒄 𝒂 𝒗
အကယး၊ x ႏြငးံy ပါသညးံ Matrix အာ့ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဖကးတျငး ခ္နးရစးခဲံလ္ြငး
𝒙 𝒂 𝒃 −𝟏 𝒖
(𝒚 )= ( ) ( )
𝒄 𝒂 𝒗
အထကးပါ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ႏြငးံ Linear Equation မြတစးဆငးံ ထုတးယူထာ့ေသာ Equation ႏြငးံ

ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးၾကညးံလ္ြငး
x 𝒂 𝒃 −𝟏 u
(y ) = ( ) ( )
𝒄 𝒂 v
x 𝟏 𝒅 −𝒃 u
(y ) = ( ) ( )
v
𝐚𝐝;𝐛𝐜 −𝒄 𝒂
ဆိုသညးံ Matrix တစးခု၏ inverse ( multiplication inverse ) ရြာလိုလြ္ငး မညးကဲံသို႔ ရြာႏိုငးသနညး့

ဆိုသညးံ နညး့လမး့ေလ့ ရရြိလာပါသညး၈
Page 160
Singular Matrix and Non SingularMatrix

ad – bc တနးဖို့ေလ့ 0 ႏြငးံ ညီေနမညးဆိုလ္ြငး Matrix တစးခု၏ Inverse Matrix ကိုရြာလို႔ရမညး
မဟုတးပဲ ၁ငး့ Matrix မ္ဳိ့ကို Singular Matrix ( ထီ့တညး့ေန ) ဟုေခၚႏိုငးၿပီ့ အကယး၊ 0 ႏြငးံမညီ
ပါက Non SingularMatrix ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
Determinant
ad – bc တနးဖို့ေလ့သညး Matrix တစးခုတျငး Inverse Matrix ရြိ/မရြိ ဆုဵ့်ဖတးေပ့ႏိုငးေသာ
determine လုပးေပ့ႏိုငးေသာတနးဖို့ေလ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အဆုဵ့အ်ဖတးေပ့ေသာတနးဖို့ေလ့ determinant
အတိုေကာကး - det ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
ယခုတငး်ပရြငး့လငး့ေပ့ခဲံသညးမ္ာ့မြာ ရုတးတရကးနာ့လညးရနးမလျယးဘူ့ဟုဆိုလြ္ငးလဲ နာ့လညးရနး ်ဖညး့

်ဖညး့ခ္ငး့စိတးရြညးလကးရြညးဖတးေပ့ပါရနးတိုကးတျနး့ခ္ငးပါသညး၈အဘယးံေၾကာငးံဆိုေသားဤသေဘာေလ့
ကိုနာ့လညးသျာ့လ္ြငး Matrix ဆိုတာ ဒါပဲကို ရြငး့ရြငး့လငး့လငး့နာ့လညးသျာ့ႏိုငးမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ Matrix
သေဘာတရာ့ကို လကးေတျ႕ဘွတျငး ပိုမိုအသုဵ့ခ္ႏိုငးလာမညး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
Arrays ( ကိနး့တနး့မ္ာ့ )
ကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ အတနး့လိုကး အဆငးံဆငးံ ေရ့ထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငး့ကို Array ဟုေခၚသညး၈
ဥပမာ ( 1 ) – 2 by 3 array  2 4 6
1 3 5
ဥပမာ ( 2 ) – 3 by 5 array  1 2 2 1 3
1 5 1 1 3
2 3 3 8 9
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Matrix
Array တစးခုရြိ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့ဂဏနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ ေနရာမေ်ပာငး့ေစပဲ တျနး႔ကျငး့ခတး
ေဖား်ပထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငး့ကို Matrix ဟုေခၚသညး၈
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝟏 𝟑
2 4 6
( )  2 x 3 matrix (𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟑) 3 x 5 matrix
1 3 5
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑𝟖 𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of a Matrix( Matrix တစးခု၏ အမညး )
Matrix တစးခု၏အမညးကို အဂၤလိပး အကၡရာ အႀကီ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပပါသညး၈
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝟏 𝟑
2 4 6
ဥပမာ - A = ( ) B = (𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟑)
1 3 5
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑𝟖 𝟗
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Page 161
Order of a matrix ( Matrix တစးခု၏ အစီအစဥး )

Matrix တစးခုကို ၁ငး့၏ နာမညးအစာ့ ၁ငး့၏ အတနး့ ( row ) ႏြငးံ တိုငး ( column ) တို႔၏
ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့်ဖငးံလညး့ ေဖား်ပေလံရြိသညး၈
၁ငး့ row ႏြငးံ column ေ်မြာကးလဒးေလ့ကို Order of a matrix ဟုေခၚသညး၈
Order of a matrix = Number of row x Number of column = Row x Column
ဥပမာ -
Column
Column
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟏
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟏
A=( ) B= (𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 ) 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟖 𝟗 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟑
Matrix. A is 2 x 3 matrix Matrix B is 3 x 5 matrix

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Elements ( or ) Entries ( Matrix တစးခုရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) ွငးကိနး့မ္ာ့ )
Matrix တစးခုရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ ( Elements ) ( သို႔ ) ွငးကိနး့မ္ာ့( Entries ) ကို ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ
( General form ) ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အဂၤလိပးအကၡရာအေသ့တစးခုခု( ဥပမာ - a , x စသညး်ဖငးံ )
၏ေနာကးတျငး ၁ငး့အစုွငးတညးရြိရာ အတနး့( row ) ႏြငးံ တိုငး ( column ) တို႔၏ ေ်မြာကးလဒးပုဵစဵ
( ဥပမာ - arc , xrc စသညး်ဖငးံ ) ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပေလံရြိသညး၈
. 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 .
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝒂𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝟏𝟑 𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝟏𝟐 𝒙𝟏𝟑
( )= ( 𝒂 𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝟑 ) or ( 𝒙𝟐𝟏 𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝟐𝟑 )
𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐𝟏
General form of an entry = 𝒂𝒓𝒄 or 𝒙𝒓𝒄

အထူ့သတိ်ပဳရနး - a ႏြငးံ rc တစးတနး့တညး့မေရ့ရ။
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Equality of Matrices( Matrix မ္ာ့ ထပးတူက္်ခငး့ )
Matrix မ္ာ့သညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု
( 1 ) Order မ္ာ့တူရုဵသာမက
( 2 )ေနရာလိုကး entry မ္ာ့ပါတနးဖို့တူေနလ္ြငး ၁ငး့matrix မ္ာ့တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု
equality်ဖစးသညးဟုေ်ပာသညး၈
ဥပမာ -
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
A=( ) ,B=( ), C = ( )
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
order of matrix A = 2 x 2 = order of matrix B = order of matrix C
But A = B , A ≠ C
အ်ပနးအလြနးအာ့်ဖငးံ
Page 162
Matrix ႏြစးခု equality ်ဖစးေနသညးံအခါ၁ငး့ matrix မ္ာ့ တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု

( 1 ) Order မ္ာ့တူရုဵသာမက
( 2 ) ေနရာလိုကး entry မ္ာ့ပါ တနးဖို့တူပါသညး၈
𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐
ဥပမာ - A = ( ) ,B= ( )
𝒚 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
If A = B , then x = 2 , y = 1
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Diagonal of Matrix ( Matrix တစးခု၏ ေထာငးံ်ဖတးမ္ာ့ )
Matrix တစးခု၏ Diagonal ကို ( 1 ) Main diagonal ႏြငးံ ( 2 )Other diagonal ဟု ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့
( )
ချ်ဲ ခာ့ႏိုငးသညး၈
a b
Other diagonal
c d
Main diagonal
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Transpose of matrix (Matrix တစးခု၏ ပုဵေ်ပာငး့ Matrix )
Matrix တစးခု၏ Transpose of Matrixသညး မူရငး့ Matrix ၏ Row အာ့လုဵ့ကို Column
အ်ဖစးေ်ပာငး့ေပ့်ခငး့
်ဖငးံ ရရြိသညး၈ မူရငး့ Matrix ေပၚတျငး ( ’ , prime ) သေကၤတေလ့ တငးေရ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ်ပသညး၈
1st row  1st column
2nd row  2nd column
3rd row  3rd column …. and so on.
အခ္ဳိ႕လညး့ “လဲေနသူ ထူေပ့ပါ” ဟု shortcut ေပ့ပါသညး၈
( ဘယးကဆျဲထူမလဲ ေ်ခေထာကး‟ကလာ့ ေခါငး့‟ကလာ့၈ မညးသူမြ ေ်ခေထာကးမြဆျမ
ဲ ထူပါ၈ )
ေခါငး့
ေခါငး့ ေ်ခေထာကး ေ်ခေထာကး
𝒂 𝒆
ဥပမာ - A = (𝒇 𝒌) , A’ = ?
𝒑 𝒒
𝑎 𝑒
𝑎 . .
1st row to 1st colomn  A = . .  A’ = (
𝑒 . .
)
. .
. .
2nd row to 2nd colomn  A = 𝑓 𝑘  A’ = ( 𝑎 𝑓 .
)
. . 𝑒 𝑘 .
. .
3rd row to 3rd colomn  A = . .  A’ = (𝑎 𝑓 𝑝
)
𝑝 𝑞 𝑒 𝑘 𝑞
Page 163
2 x 2 Matrix မ္ာ့အတျကး Transpose အလျယးေရ့နညး့
Main ထာ့ Other change
𝟒 −𝟐 𝟒 𝟓
ဥပမာ - A = ( ), A‟ = ( )
𝟓 𝟖 −𝟐 𝟖
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Addition of Matrices
Matrix မ္ာ့ေပါငး့သညးံအခါ ေနရာလိုကး Entry အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေပါငး့ေပ့ရမညး၈Matrix အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့
Order တူမြေပါငး့လို႔ရသညး၈
ဥပမာ - 𝑘 𝑎 2𝑘 𝑎 𝑘 + 2𝑘 𝑎+𝑎 3𝑘 2𝑎
( )+( ) = ( ) =( )
3 −6 5 4 3+5 −6 + 4 8 −2
text book စာမ္ကးႏြာ 97 တျငး “Intermediate steps may be omitted after

a little practice.”ဟု ေရ့ထာ့်ပီ့ ဥပမာႏြငးံတကျ ရြငး့်ပထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ဤအဆငးံအာ့
မေရ့လညး့ ရပါသညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zero Matrix
အစုွငးအာ့လုဵ့ သုည ်ဖစးေနေသာ Matrix ကို Zero Matrix ဟု ေခၚသညး၈ Matrix နာမညးအာ့
အဂၤလိပးအကၡရာ “O” အႀကီ့်ဖငးံ ်ပသညး၈
O = ( 𝟎 ) O is 1 x 1 zero matrix
𝟎 𝟎
O=( ) O is 2 x 2 zero matrix
𝟎 𝟎
O = ( 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎) O is 1 x 3 zero matrix
E.g , 2 x 3 အစီအစဥးရြိသညးံ zero matrix တစးခုအာ့ ေဖား်ပပါ၈
Multiplication of Matrix by a Real Number

( Matrix တစးခုအာ့ ကိနး့စစးတစးလုဵ့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ )
Matrix တစးခုအာ့ ( i ) ကိနး့ေသ သိကိနး့ ( ii ) ကိနး့ေသ မသိကိနး့ ( ii ) ကိနး့ရြငး တစးလုဵ့်ဖငးံ
ေ်မြာကးသညးံအခါ Matrix ၏ အစုွငးတစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ အဆိုပါ တနးဖို့်ဖငးံ ွငးေ်မြာကးေပ့ရမညး၈
( i ) ကိနး့ေသသိကိနး့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့
A = (𝟐 𝟏) , 3A = 3(𝟐 𝟏) = ( 𝟑𝐱𝟐 𝟑𝐱𝟏 ) = ( 𝟔 𝟑

)
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟑𝐱𝟓 𝟑𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟗
( ii ) ကိနး့ေသမသိကိနး့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့
A = (𝟐 𝟏) , kA = k(𝟐 𝟏) = (𝒌𝒙𝟐 𝒌𝒙𝟏) = (𝟐𝒌 𝒌

) , k = constant
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝒌𝒙𝟓 𝒌𝒙𝟑 𝟓𝒌 𝟑𝒌
Page 164
( iii ) ကိနး့ရြငး်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့

𝒚𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝒙𝟏 𝟐𝒚 𝒚
A = (𝟐 𝟏) , yA = y(𝟐 𝟏) = ( )=( ) , y = variable
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝒚𝒙𝟓 𝒚𝒙𝟑 𝟓𝒚 𝟑𝒚
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) မညးသညးံ Matrix မဆို ကိနး့ေသ 0 ်ဖငးံေ်မြာကးလ္ြငး Zero Matrix ရလာသညး၈
A = ( 𝟐 𝟏 ) , 0A = 0( 𝟐 𝟏 ) = ( 𝟎𝐱𝟐 𝟎𝐱𝟏 ) = ( 𝟎 𝟎 )= O
𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟎𝐱𝟓 𝟎𝐱𝟑 𝟎 𝟎
( b ) Zero Matrix ကို မညးသညးံ ကိနး့ေသ်ဖငးံေ်မြာကးေ်မြာကး Zero Matrix သာ်ပနးရသညး၈
O = (𝟎 𝟎) , 3O = 3(𝟎 𝟎) = (𝟑𝐱𝟎 𝟑𝐱𝟎) = (𝟎 𝟎) = O

𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟑𝐱𝟎 𝟑𝐱𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
( c ) ကိနး့အာ့ Matrix ်ဖငးံေ်မြာကးရာတျငး ကျငး့မခတးရ၈

𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
3A = ( 3 ) ( ) ( မမြနး ) , 3A = 3 ( ) ( မြနး )
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
( d ) ကိးနး့မ္ာ့သာမက Matrix တစးခုကို အေပါငး့အႏႈတး လကၡဏာတစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ေ်မာကးသညးံအခါ

အစုွငး တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ အဆိုပါလကၡဏာ်ဖငးံ ွငးေ်မြာကးေပ့ရမညး၈
−𝟐 −(−𝟏 )
A = ( 𝟐 −𝟏) , – A = – ( 𝟐 −𝟏) = ( )= (
−𝟐 𝟏
)
−𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟓 −𝟑 −(−𝟓 ) −(−𝟑 ) 𝟓 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Negative Matrix ( or ) Addative Inverse Matrix.
Matrix တစးခု၏ေရြ႕တျငး အႏႈတးလကၡဏာတပးလိုကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး ၁ငး့ Matrix ကို မူရငး့ Matrix ၏
Negative Matrix ဟုေခၚသညး၈
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏
ဥပမာ - A = ( ), –A= ( ) – A is negative matrix of A.
−𝟓 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
Matrix တစးခုႏြငးံ ၁ငး့၏ Negative Matrix ေပါငး့လ္ြငး Zero Matrix ရသညး၈
𝟐 − 𝟐 −𝟏 + 𝟏
A + ( – A ) = ( 𝟐 −𝟏) + ( −𝟐 𝟏) = ( )= (
𝟎 𝟎
)=O
−𝟓 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 −𝟓 + 𝟓 −𝟑 + 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎
အ်ပနးအလြနးအာ့်ဖငးံMatrix တစးခုအာ့ အ်ခာ့ Matrix ်ဖငးံ ေပါငး့၊ Zero Matrix ရလ္ြငး ထိုအ်ခာ့
Matrix ကို မူရငး့ Matrix ၏ Negative Matrix ဟုေခၚသညး၈
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏
ဥပမာ - A = ( ), B= ( )
−𝟓 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟐−𝟐 −𝟏 + 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
A+B= ( )+( )= ( )= ( )=O
−𝟓 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 −𝟓 + 𝟓 −𝟑 + 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎
B is negative matrix of A. ( B = – A )
Negative Matrix ကို Addative Inverse Matrix ဟုလညး့ေခၚသညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Matrix
Main diagonal ရြိ element အာ့လုဵ့ 1 ်ဖစးေနၿပီ့ အ်ခာ့ element အာ့လုဵ့ 0 ်ဖစးေနေသာ
Matrix မ္ဳိ့ကို Unit Matrix ဟုေခၚသညး၈ အဂၤလိပး အကၡရာ I အႀကီ့်ဖငးံ ်ပသညး၈
1 0 0
1 0
ဥပမာ - I = ( ) is 2x2 Unit Matrix , I = (0 1 0) is 3x3 Unit Matrix
0 1
0 0 1
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Page 165
Matrix အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့
အတျငး့တူမြ ေ်မြာကးလို႔ရ အ်ပငး Order ်ပ
Matrix ႏြစးခုေ်မြာကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
( 1 ) ေရြ႕ Matrix ၏ Columnတနးဖို့ ႏြငးံ ေနာကး Matrix ၏ Row တနးဖို့တို႔ တူေနမြသာ ေ်မြာကးလို႔
ရမညး၈
( 2 ) ရလဒး Matrix ၏Order တနးဖို့သညး ေရြ႕ Matrix ၏ Row တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ မ္ာ့ ေ်မြာကးလဒး ရသညး၈
ေ်မြာကးနညး့
ေရြ႕ Matrix ၏ Row တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ ေနာကး Matrix ၏ Column တစးခုခ္ငး့စီ ႏြငးံ
ေရြ႕ေပၚ ေနာကးေအာကး ေ်မြာကး်ပီ့ ေပါငး့
( ရလဒး Matrix ၏ element သညး ေ်မြာကးသညးံ Row ႏြငးံ Column ဆုဵရာတျငး ရြိသညး )
ေရြ႕ Matrix ေနာကး Matrix ရလဒး Matrix

1st row 1st column 1st row x 1st column ရြိ element
1st row 2nd column 1st row x 2nd column ရြိ element
2nd row 1st column 2nd row x 1st column ရြိ element
2nd row 2nd column 2nd row x 2nd column ရြိ element
2 1 1 3
ဥပမာ - A = ( ) , B=( )
1 3 3 1
2 1 1 3
AB = ( )( ) =?
1 3 3 1
1st row x 1st column

𝟐 𝟏 ( 𝟐𝐱𝟏 ) + ( 𝟏𝐱𝟑 )
( ) (𝟏 ) =( )= ( 𝟓 ) 1st row x 1st column ရြိ element
𝟑
1st row x 2nd column

𝟐 𝟏 𝟑) = ( ( 𝟐𝐱𝟑 ) + ( 𝟏𝐱𝟏 ) 𝟕 ) 1st row x 2nd column ရြိ element
( )( )=(
𝟏
2nd row x 1st column
( ) (𝟏 )=( )=( ) 2nd row x 1st column ရြိ element

𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 (𝟏𝐱𝟏 ) + ( 𝟑𝐱𝟑 ) 𝟏𝟎
2nd row x 2nd column
( )( 𝟑) = ( )=( ) 2nd row x 2nd column ရြိ element

𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 (𝟏𝐱𝟑 ) + ( 𝟑𝐱𝟏 ) 𝟔
AB = ( 𝟐 𝟏 ) ( 𝟏 𝟑 ) = ( 𝟓 𝟕
)
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟔
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Page 166
Alternative Method ( အ်ခာ့ပုဵစဵ )

ေနာကး Matrix ၏ column တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ ေရြ႕Matrix ၏ row တစးခုခ္ငး့စီေပၚတျငး
အလ္ာ့လိုကးတငးေ်မြာကးပါ၈
1st row x 1st column
1 3 ေနာကး Matrix ၏ 1st row
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 ( 𝟐𝐱𝟏 ) + ( 𝟏𝐱𝟑 )
( )( )=( ) = (𝟓 )
𝟑
1st row x 2nd column

1 3 ေနာကး Matrix ၏ 1st row
( ) (𝟏 )=( )=( )
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 (𝟏𝐱𝟏 ) + ( 𝟑𝐱𝟑 ) 𝟏𝟎
2nd row x 1st column
3 1 ေနာကး Matrix ၏ 2nd row
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑) = ( ( 𝟐𝐱𝟑 ) + ( 𝟏𝐱𝟏 ) 𝟕)
( )( )=(
𝟏
2nd row x 2nd column
3 1 ေနာကး Matrix ၏ 2nd row
( )( 𝟑) = ( )=( )
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 (𝟏𝐱𝟑 ) + ( 𝟑𝐱𝟏 ) 𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Matrix တစးခု၏ Inverse Matrix ရြာနညး့
( 1 ) det ( determinant ) တနးဖို့ အရငးရြာရမညး၈
det ( determinant ) တနးဖို့ ရြာနညး့
မူရငး့ Matrix ၏ Main Diagonal ေ်မြာကးလဒးထဲက Other Diagonal ေ်မြာကးလဒးကို ႏႈတး
(Main ေ်မြာကးလဒးထဲက Other ေ်မြာကးလဒးကို ႏႈတး )
𝟐 𝟏
ဥပမာ - A = ( ) , det A = ( 2 x 3 ) – ( 1 x 1 ) = 6 – 1 = 5
𝟏 𝟑
( 2 ) မူရငး့ Matrix ၏ Main Diagonal ရြိ element မ္ာ့ကို ေနရာ change
𝟏
( 3 ) Other Diagonal ရြိ element မ္ာ့ကို လကၡဏာေ်ပာငး့ေရ့ / ်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကး
𝒅𝒆𝒕
ဥပမာ -
𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏
A = (𝟐 𝟏) , det A = 5 , A–1= ( ) = 𝟓( )
𝟏 𝟑 𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
မြတးခ္ကး - Matrix တစးခုႏြငးံ ၁ငး့၏ Inverse Matrix တို႔ ေ်မြာကးလ္ြငး Unit Matrix ( I ) ရသညး၈
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Page 167
Definition of Inverse Matrix

Matrix တစးခုႏြငးံ အ်ခာ့ Matrix တို႔ ေ်မြာကး၊ Unit Matrix ( I ) ရလ္ြငး
2 1 𝑎 𝑏
ဥပမာ - A = ( ) ,B=( )
1 3 𝑐 𝑑
( 1 ) ၁ငး့ အ်ခာ့ Matrix သညး မူရငး့ Matrix ၏ Inverse Matrix ်ဖစးသညး၈
If AB = I , then B = A–1
( 2 ) မူရငး့Matrix သညး အ်ခာ့ Matrix ၏ Inverse Matrix ်ဖစးသညး၈
If AB = I , then A = B–1
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Old Question ( Questions & Answers )
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Matrix ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ရြိ မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Type ( 1 ) ရို့ရို့ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟐 −𝟏
1.Given that the matrix A = ( ) and that A2– kA + 5I = O , find the value of k.
−𝟑 𝟒
Solution
𝟐 −𝟏
A=( )
−𝟑 𝟒
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒 + 𝟑 −𝟐 − 𝟒 𝟕 −𝟔
A2 = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 𝟒 −𝟔 − 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔 −𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟗
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐𝒌 −𝒌
kA = k ( )=( )
−𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑𝒌 𝟒𝒌
𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎
5I = 5( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓
A2 – kA + 5I = O
𝟕 −𝟔 𝟐𝒌 −𝒌 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
( )–( )+( )=( )
−𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟗 −𝟑𝒌 𝟒𝒌 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎
𝟕 − 𝟐𝒌 −𝟔 + 𝒌 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
( )+( )=( )
−𝟏𝟖 + 𝟑𝒌 𝟏𝟗 − 𝟒𝒌 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎
𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒌 −𝟔 + 𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
( ) =( )
−𝟏𝟖 + 𝟑𝒌 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟒𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
12 – 2k = 0 and k = 6
– 6 + k = 0 and k = 6
– 18 + 3k = 0 and k = 6
24 – 4k = 0 and k = 6
k=6
ပုဵစဵတူတနးဖို့ကျဲ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ -
𝟐 −𝟑
( a ) Given that P = ( ) and that P2 – 12P –1 + kI = O , where I is the unit
−𝟐 𝟏
matrix of order 2, find the value of k. Ans k = – 13
Page 168
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟖
( b ) Given that the matrix A = ( ),B=( ) and A2 + kA + B = O ,
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐𝟒 𝟖
find the value of k. Ans; k = 3
𝟐 −𝟑
( c ) Given that A = ( ) and that A2 – 3A + kI = O , find the value of k.
−𝟐 𝟏
Ans; k = – 4
𝟐 𝟏
( d ) Let A = ( ) , find p,q such that A2= pA+qI ,where I is the unit matrix of
𝟏 𝟐
order 2. Ans; p = 4 , q = – 3
𝟐 𝟑 2
( e ) Let A = ( ) ,find p , q such that A = pA+qI ,where I is the unit matrix of
𝟑 𝟐
order 2. Ans; p = 4 , q = 5
𝟑 𝟑
( f ) Given that the matrix A = ( ) and A2 + kA – 3I = O , where I is the unit
𝟒 𝟑
matrix of order 2 , find the value of k. Ans; k = – 6
𝟑 𝟐
( g ) Given that the matrix A = ( ) and A2 + pA + 4I = O , where I is the unit
𝟒 𝟒
matrix of order 2 , find the value of p. Ans; p = – 7
𝟐 −𝟏
( h ) Given that the matrix A = ( ) and A2 – kA + 5I = O , find the value of k.
−𝟑 𝟒
Ans; k = 6
𝟐 −𝒌
( i ) If A = ( ) satisfies the equation A2 + 7I = 5A , find the value of k.
𝒌 𝟑
Ans; k = ± 1
−𝟐 −𝟏
( j ) If A = ( ) satisfies the equation A2 – 2A + pI = O , find the value of p.
−𝟑 𝟒
Ans; p = – 11
𝟐 −𝟑
( k ) Given that P = ( ) and that P2 – 7P – kI = O , find the value of k.
−𝟐 𝟓
Ans ; k = – 4
𝟏 𝟐
( l ) Given that A = ( ) and that A2 – 5A – kI = O , find the value of k. Ans; k = 6
𝟓 𝟒
𝟑 𝟏
( m ) The matrix X = ( ) satisfies the equation X2 + aX + 13I = O . Find a.
𝟐 𝟓
Ans; a = –8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒌 𝟒
2.If A = ( ) satisfies A2 – 2A – 3I = O , find the value of k.
𝟏 𝒌
Page 169
Solution
𝒌 𝟒
A=( )
𝟏 𝒌
𝟐
A2 = AA = (
𝒌 𝟒
)(
𝒌 𝟒
) = (𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟒𝒌 ) = (𝒌𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟖𝒌 )
𝟏 𝒌 𝟏 𝒌 𝟐 𝟐
𝒌+𝒌 𝟒+𝒌 𝟐𝒌 𝒌 +𝟒
𝒌 𝟒 𝟐𝒌 𝟖
2A = 2 ( )=( )
𝟏 𝒌 𝟐 𝟐𝒌
𝟐
A2 – 2A = (𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟖𝒌 ) – (𝟐𝒌 𝟖 ) = (𝒌𝟐 − 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟖𝒌 − 𝟖 )
𝟐
𝟐𝒌 𝒌 +𝟒 𝟐 𝟐𝒌 𝟐𝒌 − 𝟐 𝒌𝟐 − 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟎
3I = 3 ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑
A2 – 2A – 3I = O
𝟐
(𝒌 − 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟖𝒌 − 𝟖 ) – ( 𝟑 𝟎 ) = ( 𝟎 𝟎 )
𝟐 𝟎 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎
𝟐𝒌 − 𝟐 𝒌 − 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟒
𝟐
(𝒌 − 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 𝟖𝒌 − 𝟖 ) = ( 𝟎 𝟎 )
𝟐𝒌 − 𝟐 𝒌𝟐 − 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
k2 – 2k + 1 = 0
( k – 1 ) 2 = 0 and k = 1
If k = 1 , 8k – 8 = 8 – 8 = 0 and 2k – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0
k=1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟖
3.Given that A = ( ),B=( ) and A2+ kA + B = O , find the value of k.
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐𝟒 𝟖
Solution
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟖
A=( ),B=( )
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐𝟒 𝟖
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐 −𝟔 − 𝟑 −𝟖 −𝟗
A2 = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟖+𝟒 −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟏
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐𝒌 −𝟑𝒌
kA = k ( )=( )
𝟒 𝟏 𝟒𝒌 𝒌
−𝟖 −𝟗 𝟐𝒌 −𝟑𝒌 −𝟖 + 𝟐𝒌 −𝟗 − 𝟑𝒌
A2 + kA = ( )+( )=( )
𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝒌 𝒌 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒌 −𝟏𝟏 + 𝒌
A2 + kA + B = O
−𝟖 + 𝟐𝒌 −𝟗 − 𝟑𝒌 𝟐 𝟏𝟖 𝟎 𝟎
( )+( )=( )
𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒌 −𝟏𝟏 + 𝒌 −𝟐𝟒 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎
−𝟔 + 𝟐𝒌 𝟗 − 𝟑𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
( ) =( )
−𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒𝒌 −𝟑 + 𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
– 6 + 2k = 0 and k = 3
If k = 3 , 9 – 3k = 9 – 9 = 0
Page 170
If k = 3 , – 12 + 4k = – 12 + 12 = 0
If k = 3 , – 3 + k = – 3 + 3 = 0
k=3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 −𝟏 𝒂 𝟏
4.If A = ( ),B=( ) and ( A + B )2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB , then find the values
𝟐 𝟏 𝒃 −𝟏
of a and b.
Solution
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝒂
A=( ),B=( )
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝒃
𝒂 𝟏
A+B=(
𝟏 −𝟏
)+( )=(𝟏+𝒂 𝟎)
𝟐 𝟏 𝒃 −𝟏 𝟐+𝒃 𝟎
𝟏+𝒂 𝟎 𝟏+𝒂 𝟎 (𝟏 + 𝒂)𝟐 𝟎
( A + B )2 = ( ) ( ) = ( ) =
𝟐+𝒃 𝟎 𝟐+𝒃 𝟎 (𝟐 + 𝒃)(𝟏 + 𝒂) 𝟎
( 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟏 𝟎)
𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒂𝒃 𝟎
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 − 𝟐 −𝟏 − 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟐
A2 = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 −𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟒 −𝟏
𝒂 𝟏 𝒂 𝟏 𝟐
B2 = BB = ( )( )=( 𝒂 +𝒃 𝒂−𝟏)
𝒃 −𝟏 𝒃 −𝟏 𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃 𝒃 + 𝟏
−𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
A2 + B2 = ( )+( 𝒂 +𝒃 𝒂−𝟏)=( 𝒂 +𝒃−𝟏 𝒂−𝟑)
𝟒 −𝟏 𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃 𝒃 + 𝟏 𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃 + 𝟒 𝒃
𝟏 −𝟏 𝒂 𝟏 𝒂−𝒃 𝟏+𝟏 𝒂−𝒃 𝟐 𝟐𝒂 − 𝟐𝒃 𝟒
2AB = 2( )( ) = 2( ) = 2( )=( )
𝟐 𝟏 𝒃 −𝟏 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃 𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃 𝟏 𝟒𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐𝒂 − 𝟐𝒃 𝟒 𝟐
A2 + B2 + 2AB = ( 𝒂 + 𝒃 − 𝟏 𝒂 − 𝟑 )+( ) = ( 𝒂 + 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 − 𝟏 𝒂 + 𝟏 )
𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃 + 𝟒 𝒃 𝟒𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 𝟐 𝒂𝒃 + 𝟒𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟒 𝒃 + 𝟐
By given ,
( A + B )2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB ,
( 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟏 𝟎 ) = ( 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 − 𝟏 𝒂 + 𝟏 )
𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒂𝒃 𝟎 𝒂𝒃 + 𝟒𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟒 𝒃 + 𝟐
𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 − 𝟏 and b = – 2
a + 1 = 0 and a = – 1 ,
𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒂𝒃 = 𝒂𝒃 + 𝟒𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟒
2 + 2a = 4a + 4 and a = – 1
b + 2 = 0 and b = – 2
 a = – 1 and b = – 2
Page 171
𝟓 −𝟒
5.If A = ( ) , I is the unit matrix of order 2 and A2 – 10A + kI = O , find the
−𝟏 𝟓
value of k.Show also that ( A – 7I )( A – 3I ) = O.
Solution
𝟓 −𝟒
A=( ),
−𝟏 𝟓
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟒 −𝟐𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟗 −𝟒𝟎
A2 = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟓 −𝟏 𝟓 −𝟓 − 𝟓 𝟒 + 𝟐𝟓 −𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟗
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟓𝟎 −𝟒𝟎
10A = 10 ( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟓 −𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟎
𝟐𝟗 −𝟒𝟎 𝟓𝟎 −𝟒𝟎 −𝟐𝟏 𝟎
A2 – 10A = ( )–( )=( )
−𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟗 −𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎
kI = k ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝒌
A2 – 10A + kI = O
−𝟐𝟏 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
( )+( )=( )
𝟎 −𝟐𝟏 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
𝒌 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐𝟏 𝟎 𝟐𝟏 𝟎
( )=( )–( )=( )
𝟎 𝒌 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐𝟏 𝟎 𝟐𝟏
 k = 21
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟕 𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟒
A – 7I = ( )–7( )=( )– ( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟓 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟎 𝟕 −𝟏 −𝟐
𝟓 −𝟒 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 𝟐 −𝟒
A – 3I = ( )–3( )=( )– ( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟓 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟎 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐
−𝟐 −𝟒 𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟒 + 𝟒 𝟖 − 𝟖 𝟎 𝟎
( A – 7I )( A – 3I ) = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟒 − 𝟒 𝟎 𝟎
 ( A – 7I )( A – 3I ) = O
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟓 𝒂 𝒃 𝟔
6.Given that A = ( ),B=( ) and C = ( ) , find the value of a , b , c
𝟐 𝟑 𝒄 𝟒 𝟒 𝒅
and d when B + AC = 4A.
Solution
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟓 𝒂 𝒃 𝟔
A=( ),B=( ),C=( ),
𝟐 𝟑 𝒄 𝟒 𝟒 𝒅
𝟐 −𝟐 𝒃 𝟔 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒅
AC = ( )( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝒅 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟑𝒅
𝟓 𝒂 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒅 𝟐𝒃 − 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒅 + 𝒂
B + AC = ( )+( )=( )
𝒄 𝟒 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟑𝒅 𝒄 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟑𝒅
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟖 −𝟖
4A = 4 ( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟐
B + AC = 4A
Page 172
𝟐𝒃 − 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝒅 + 𝒂 𝟖 −𝟖
( )=( )
𝒄 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟑𝒅 𝟖 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟏
2b – 3 = 8 and b =
𝟐
𝟒
16 + 3d = 12 and d = –
𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟖 ;𝟔𝟎;𝟖 ;𝟔𝟖
If d = – , 12 – 2d + a = – 8 and a = – 20 + 2(– ) = – 20 – = =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
If b = , c + 2b + 12 = 8 and c = – 4 – 2 ( ) = – 4 – 11 = – 15
𝟐 𝟐
;𝟔𝟖 𝟏𝟏 𝟒
a= , b= , c = – 15 , d = –
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
ပုဵစဵတူတနးဖို့ကျဲ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟔 𝟎 𝒂 𝒃
( a ) The matrices A = ( ) and B = ( ) are such that AB = A + 2B.Find the
𝟎 𝟖 𝟎 𝒄
𝟑 𝟒
value of a,b and c. Ans; a = , b = 0 , c =
𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 𝟎 𝒂 𝒃
( b ) The matrices A = ( ) and B = ( ) are such that AB = A + B.Find the
𝟎 𝟑 𝟎 𝒄
𝟑
value of a,b and c. Ans; a = 2 , b = 0 , c =
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝒌 . If AB = I , find the values of k and a.
7.Given that A = ( ),B= 𝟐
𝟎 𝟒 𝟎 𝟐𝒂
Solution
𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝒌
A=( ),B= 𝟐 , AB = I
𝟎 𝟒 𝟎 𝟐𝒂
𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝒌 = ( 𝟏 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟔𝒂 )
AB = ( ) 𝟐
𝟎 𝟒 𝟎 𝟐𝒂 𝟎 𝟖𝒂
AB = I
𝟏 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟔𝒂 𝟏 𝟎
( )=( )
𝟎 𝟖𝒂 𝟎 𝟏
𝟏
8a = 1 and a =
𝟖
𝟏 𝟑
2k + 6a = 0 , 2k = – 6a = – 6 ( )=–
𝟖 𝟒
𝟑
k=–
𝟖
Page 173
𝟏 𝟑
a= ,k=–
𝟖 𝟖
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂 𝟑 𝟕 𝟑
𝟐 𝒄
8.Find the value of a, b , c and d if ( 𝒃 𝟐𝒂 ) ( ) = ( 𝒅 −𝟏 ) .
𝟏 −𝟏
𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
Solution
𝒂 𝟑 𝟕 𝟑
𝟐 𝒄
( 𝒃 𝟐𝒂 ) ( ) = ( 𝒅 −𝟏 )
𝟏 −𝟏
𝟎 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑 𝒂𝒄 − 𝟑 𝟕 𝟑
( 𝟐𝒃 + 𝟐𝒂 𝒃𝒄 − 𝟐𝒂 ) = ( 𝒅 −𝟏 )
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
2a + 3 = 7 and a = 2
ac – 3 = 2c – 3 = 3 and c = 3
bc – 2a = 3b – 4 = – 1 and b = 1
d = 2b + 2a = 2 + 4 = 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃−𝟏 𝒂−𝟏
9.Given that both ( ) and ( ) are singular. Find a and b.
−𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐
Solution
𝒂 𝒃 𝒃−𝟏 𝒂−𝟏
Let A = ( ),B=( )
−𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟐
Both A and B are singular.
det A = 2a – (– 3b ) = 2a + 3b = 0 -------- ( 1 )
det B = 2 ( b – 1 ) – (– 3 )( a – 1 ) = 2b – 2 + 3a – 3 = 3a + 2b – 5 = 0
3a + 2b = 5 ---- ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) x 3 6a + 9b = 0
– Eq ( 2 ) x 2 6a + 4b = 10
5b = – 10
b = – 2 in Eq ( 1 )
2a – 6 = 0
𝟔
a= =3
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type ( 2 ) Inverse ရြာေ်ဖရြငး့ေပ့ရမညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟐 −𝟏
10.The matrix A and B are such that A = ( B–1 ) 2 . Given that B = ( ) , find the
𝟐 𝟏
value of the constant k for which kB–1 = 4A + I , where I is the Identity matrix of
Page 174
order 2.
Solution
𝟐 −𝟏
B=( ) , A = ( B–1 ) 2 , kB–1 = 4A + I
𝟐 𝟏
det B = 2 – (– 2 ) = 2 + 2 = 4 ≠ 0 , B–1 exists.
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟒
B–1 = ( )= ( )=( 𝟏 𝟏 )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑩 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟐
−
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
A = ( B–1 ) 2 = ( B–1 )( B–1 ) = ( )( )
𝟏𝟔 −𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
−
𝟏−𝟐 𝟏+𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
= ( )= ( )=( 𝟑 𝟏 )
𝟏𝟔 −𝟐 − 𝟒 −𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 −𝟔 𝟐 −
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
− −
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟒
4A = 4 ( 𝟑 𝟏 )=( 𝟑 𝟏 )
− −
𝟖 𝟖 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
−
𝟒 𝟒 𝟏 𝟎 𝟒 𝟒
4A + I = ( 𝟑 𝟏 )+( 𝟎 𝟏
)=( 𝟑 𝟑 )
− −
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒌 𝒌
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
kB–1 = k ( 𝟏 𝟏 )=( 𝒌 𝒌
)
− −
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
–1
kB = 4A + I
𝒌 𝒌 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
( 𝒌 𝒌
)=( 𝟑 𝟑 )
− −
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒌 𝟑
= and k = 3
𝟒 𝟒
𝒌 𝟑
– =– and k = 3
𝟐 𝟐
k=3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒌 𝟒 2
11.Given that M = ( ) ,where I is the unit matrix of ordre 2 and M – 9M + ( 4k+2 )I = O.
𝟏 𝟔
Find the value of the number of k. Find also the inverse matrix of M.
Solution
𝒌 𝟒
M=( ) , M2 – 9M + ( 4k + 2 )I = 0
𝟏 𝟔
Page 175
𝒌 𝟒 𝒌 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
2
M = MM = ( )( ) = ( 𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐𝟒 ) = ( 𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐𝟒 )
𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 𝟔 𝒌+𝟔 𝟒 + 𝟑𝟔 𝒌+𝟔 𝟒𝟎
𝒌 𝟒 𝟗𝒌 𝟑𝟔
9M = 9 ( )=( )
𝟏 𝟔 𝟗 𝟓𝟒
2
M – 9M = (
𝒌𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐𝟒 ) – ( 𝟗𝒌 𝟑𝟔 ) = ( 𝒌𝟐 − 𝟗𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟒𝒌 − 𝟏𝟐 )
𝒌+𝟔 𝟒𝟎 𝟗 𝟓𝟒 𝒌−𝟑 −𝟏𝟒
𝟏 𝟎 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐 𝟎
( 4k + 2 )I = ( 4k + 2 ) ( )= ( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐
2
M – 9M + ( 4k + 2 )I = 0.
𝟐
( 𝒌 − 𝟗𝒌 + 𝟒 𝟒𝒌 − 𝟏𝟐 ) + ( 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐 𝟎
)=(
𝟎 𝟎
)
𝒌−𝟑 −𝟏𝟒 𝟎 𝟒𝒌 + 𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
𝟐
( 𝒌 − 𝟓𝒌 + 𝟔 𝟒𝒌 − 𝟏𝟐 ) = ( 𝟎 𝟎 )
𝒌−𝟑 𝟒𝒌 − 𝟏𝟐 𝟎 𝟎
k – 3 = 0 and k = 3
2 2
If k = 3 , k – 5k + 6 = 3 – 5( 3 ) + 6 = 9 – 15 + 6 = 15 – 15 = 0
If k = 3 , 4k – 12 = 12 – 12 = 0
k=3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓 𝟏
12.Given that A = ( ) , det A = 7 , find a . Hence verify that A2– 7A +7I = O , where I
𝒂+𝟏 𝒂
2
is the unit matrix of ordre 2. (or)If I is the unit matrix of ordre 2 , verify that A – 7A +7I = O.
Solution
𝟓 𝟏
A=( ) , det A = 7
𝒂+𝟏 𝒂
det A = 5a – a – 1 = 4a – 1 = 7
4a = 8 and a = 2
If a = 2 , a + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
A=(𝟓 𝟏)
𝟑 𝟐
2 𝟓 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟑 𝟓 + 𝟐 𝟐𝟖 𝟕
A = AA = ( ) ( )=( ) =( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟔 𝟑 + 𝟒 𝟐𝟏 𝟕
𝟓 𝟏 𝟑𝟓 𝟕
7A = 7 ( )=( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟒
𝟐𝟖 𝟕 𝟑𝟓 𝟕
2
A – 7A = ( )– ( ) = ( −𝟕 𝟎
)
𝟐𝟏 𝟕 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟎 −𝟕
𝟏
𝟎 𝟕 𝟎
7I = 7 ( )=( )
𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 𝟕
2 −𝟕 𝟎 𝟕 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
A – 7A +7I = ( )+( )= ( )=O
𝟎 −𝟕 𝟎 𝟕 𝟎 𝟎
Page 176
𝟐 𝟑
( a ) Given that A = ( ) , det A = –5 , find a . Hence verify that A2 – 4A – 5I = O , where I
𝒄 𝟐
is the unit matrix of ordre 2. Ans; c = 3
𝟑 𝟐𝒂
( b ) Given that M = ( ) , det M = 10 , find the value of a.If I is the unit matrix of
−𝟏 𝟐
2
ordre 2 , verify that M – 5M +10I = O. Ans; a = 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
𝒌 𝟔 𝟑
13.Given that P = 𝟐 ,Q=( ) . If det P = det Q , find the value of h , and write
𝟎 𝟔 −𝟑 𝒉
down the inverse of Q.
Solution
𝟏
𝒌 𝟔 𝟑
P= 𝟐 ,Q=( ),h=?
𝟎 𝟔 −𝟑 𝒉
det P = det Q
𝟏
6( ) – k ( 0 ) = 6h – (– 9 )
𝟐
3 = 6h + 9
6h = – 6
h=–1
𝟔 𝟑
If h = – 1 , Q = ( ) and det Q = 6h + 9 = – 6 + 9 = 3
−𝟑 −𝟏
–1 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟑 −
𝟏
−𝟏
Q = ( )= ( )= 𝟑
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑸 𝟑 𝟔 𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.Given that A = (
𝟑 𝟐 ) and B = ( 𝒌 𝟐𝒌 ) ,find the value of k such that det ( AB ) = – 20
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
and hence, find the inverse matrix of B.
Solution
A = ( 𝟑 𝟐 ) , B = ( 𝒌 𝟐𝒌 ) ,
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
AB = (
𝟑 𝟐 ) ( 𝒌 𝟐𝒌 ) = ( 𝟑𝒌 + 𝟔 𝟔𝒌 + 𝟖 )
𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝒌 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏𝟔
det ( AB ) = – 20
( 3k + 6 )( 2k + 16 ) – ( k + 12 ) ( 6K + 8 ) = – 20
2 2
6k + 60k + 96 – 6k – 80k – 96 = – 20
– 20k = – 20
k=1
If k = 1 , B = (
𝟏 𝟐)
𝟑 𝟒
det B = 4 – 6 = – 2
Page 177
–1 𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐 ) = 𝟏 ( 𝟒 −𝟐 ) =
−𝟐 𝟏
B = ( 𝟑 𝟏
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑩 −𝟑 𝟏 ;𝟐 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
−𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟎 𝒙 𝟎
15.Given that P = ( ) and Q = ( ) . If Q = I – P–1 Q , find the value of x and y.
𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 𝒚
Solution
𝟐 𝟎 𝒙 𝟎
P=( ),Q=( ) , Q = I – P–1 Q , x = ? , y = ?
𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 𝒚
–1
det P = 2 – 0 = 2 ≠ 0 , P exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
P = )= ( ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑷 −𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟔 𝟐
𝟏 𝒙 𝟎 𝟏 𝒙
–1 𝟏 𝟎 𝒙 𝟎 𝟎
P Q= ( )( ) = ( −𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐 𝟐𝒚 ) = 𝟐
𝟐 −𝟔 𝟐 𝟏 𝒚 𝟐 −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒚
𝒙
–1 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
Q=I–P Q=( )– 𝟐
𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒚
𝒙 𝟎 𝒙
𝟏− 𝟎
( )= 𝟐
𝟏 𝒚 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟏−𝒚
𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒙:𝒙 𝟑𝒙 𝟐
x=𝟏− , x+ =1 , =1 , =1 , x=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
𝟐
3x – 1 = 1 , 3x = 2 , x=
𝟑
𝟏
y = 1 – y , 2y = 1 , y =
𝟐
𝟐 𝟏
x= ,y=
𝟑 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 −𝟒
16.Given that D = ( ) and that D2 + 2D–1 – kI = O , find the value of k.
𝟏 −𝟏
Solution
𝟑 −𝟒
D=( ) , D2 + 2D–1 – kI = O
𝟏 −𝟏
2 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟗−𝟒 −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟓 −𝟖
D = DD = ( ) ( )= ( )=( )
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑−𝟏 −𝟒 + 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
–1
det D = – 3 + 4 = 1 ≠ 0 , D exists.
–1−𝟏 𝟒
D = ( )
−𝟏 𝟑
–1 −𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟖
2D = 2 ( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟔
2 –1 𝟓 −𝟖 −𝟐 𝟖 𝟑 𝟎
D + 2D = ( )+( )=( )
𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟐 𝟔 𝟎 𝟑
Page 178
𝟏 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎
kI = k ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝒌
2 –1
D + 2D – kI = O ,
𝟑 𝟎
( ) – ( 𝒌 𝟎)= ( 𝟎 𝟎)
𝟎 𝟑 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
𝟑−𝒌 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
( )= ( )
𝟎 𝟑−𝒌 𝟎 𝟎
3–k=0
k=3
𝟓 𝟕
( a ) Given that A = ( ) and that A – 3A–1 – kI = O , find the value of k.
𝟒 𝟓
Ans; k = 10
𝟓 𝟑
( b ) Given that A = ( ) and that A2 – 14A–1 – pI = O , find the value of p.
𝟒 𝟐
Ans; p = 51
𝟒 𝟐
( c ) Given that A = ( ) and that A2 – 12A–1 – pI = O , find the value of p.
𝟓 𝟐
Ans; p = – 38
𝟐 −𝟑
( d ) Given that D = ( ) and that D2 – 12D–1 + kI = O , where I is the unit matrix of
−𝟐 𝟏
order 2 , find the value of k. Ans; k = – 13
𝟐 −𝟓
( e ) Given that D = ( ) and that D2 – 24D–1 + kI = O , where I is the unit matrix of
−𝟐 𝟏
order 2 , find the value of k. Ans; k = – 17
𝟒 𝟐
( f ) It is given that A = ( ) and that A – 3A–1 – kI = O , where I is the unit matrix of
𝟓 𝟐
order 2 ,find the value of k. Ans; k = 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
17.If A = ( ) and B = ( ) , and A2 + A–1 = mB , where m is a real number, find the
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟑
value of m.
Solution
𝟑 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
A=( ),B=( ) , A2 + A–1 = mB , m = ?
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟑
2 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟗+𝟓 𝟑+𝟐 𝟏𝟒 𝟓
A = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 + 𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟗
det A = 6 – 5 = 1 , A–1 exists.
–1 𝟐 −𝟏
A =( )
−𝟓 𝟑
2 –1
A + A = mB
Page 179
𝟏𝟒 𝟓 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
( )+( )=m( )
𝟐𝟓 𝟗 −𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟒𝒎 𝒎
( )= ( )
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐 𝟓𝒎 𝟑𝒎
m=4,
4m = 16 , m = 4
5m = 20 , m = 4
3m = 12 , m = 4
m=4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟏 2
18.If A = ( ) and A = xA + yI , find the value of x and y .
−𝟏 𝟐
Solution
𝟑 𝟏 2
A=( ) , A = xA + yI
−𝟏 𝟐
2 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟗−𝟏 𝟑+𝟐 𝟖 𝟓
A = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 − 𝟐 −𝟏 + 𝟒 −𝟓 𝟑
2
A = xA + yI
𝟖 𝟓 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑𝒙 𝒙 𝒚 𝟎 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒙
( )=x( )+y( )= ( )+( )= ( )
−𝟓 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏 −𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟎 𝒚 −𝒙 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚
x=5,–x=–5,x=5
3x + y = 8 , 3( 5 ) + y = 8 , y = 8 – 15 = – 7
2x + y = 3 , 2( 5 ) + y = 3 , y = 3 – 10 = – 7
x=5,y=–7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Matrix ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့အာ့ မြနး/မမြနး စစးေဆ့ခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏 𝟐
19.Show that the matrix A = ( ) satifies the equation A2 – 5A – 6I = O , where
𝟓 𝟒
I is the unit matrix of order 2.
Solution
𝟏𝟐
A =( )
𝟓𝟒
2 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟐+𝟖 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎
A = AA = ( )( )= ( )=( )
𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟔
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
5A = 5 ( )= ( )
𝟓 𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟎
2 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟔 𝟎
A – 5A = ( )–( )=( )
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝟎 𝟔
𝟏 𝟎 𝟔 𝟎
6I = 6 ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟔
Page 180
𝟔 𝟎 𝟔 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
 A2 – 5A – 6I = ( )– ( )=( )=O
𝟎 𝟔 𝟎 𝟔 𝟎 𝟎
𝟑 −𝟒 2
( a ) Show that the matrix A = ( ) satifies the equation A – 2A + I = O , where I is the
𝟏 −𝟏
unit matrix of order 2.
𝟑
𝟐 2
20.Show that A = 𝒙 satifies the equation A – 4A – 5I = O , where I is the unit matrix
𝟑𝒙 𝟐
of order 2.
Solution
𝟑
𝟐
A = 𝒙
𝟑𝒙 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏𝟐
2 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒+𝟗 + 𝟏𝟑
A = AA = 𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟑𝒙 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟐 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔𝒙 𝟗+𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟖
4A = 4 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟑𝒙 𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟖
𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎
5I = 5 ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
2 𝟏𝟑 𝟖 𝟓 𝟎
A – 4A – 5I = 𝒙 – 𝒙 –( )
𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟖 𝟎 𝟓
𝟓 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
=( )–( )=( )=O
𝟎 𝟓 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎 𝟎
 A2 – 4A – 5I = O
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 2
21.If A = ( ) .Show that A – ( 2 cos θ ) A + I = O , where I is the unit matrix of
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
order 2.
Solution
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
A=( )
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
2 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽

A = AA = ( )( )=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
( 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝟐 𝟐
A = ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
2
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟐
( 2 cos θ ) A = 2 cos θ ( ) = ( 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝟐 𝟐
A – ( 2 cos θ )A = ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
2 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 ) – ( 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
Page 181
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝟐 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎
= ( −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝟎 )=( )
𝟎 −𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 𝟎 −𝟏
2 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
A – ( 2 cos θ ) A + I = ( )+( )=( )=O
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 2
22.Show that A = ( ) satisfies A + I = ( 2 cos θ ) A , where I is the unit matrix
−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
of order 2.
Solution
𝟐 𝟐
A = ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
2
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
𝟐 𝟐
L.H.S = A + I = ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
2 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 ) + ( 𝟏 𝟎
)
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝟎 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
= ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝟏 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + ( 𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 ) −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽

=
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + ( 𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 )
𝟐 𝟐
= ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
=( 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )

𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝟐
R.H.S = ( 2 cos θ ) A = 2 cos θ ( ) = ( 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 )
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
L.H.S = R.H.S
 A2 + I = ( 2 cos θ ) A
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𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 2
23.Given that X = ( ) and Y = ( ) , find out whether or not ( X + Y )( X – Y ) = X –
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎
2
Y .
Solution
𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
X=( ),Y=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
X+Y=( )+( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟑
𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟏
X–Y=( )–( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 −𝟑 −𝟏 −𝟗 + 𝟑 −𝟑 + 𝟗 −𝟔 𝟔
( X + Y )( X – Y ) = ( ) ( )= ( )=( )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟗 + 𝟑 −𝟑 + 𝟗 −𝟔 𝟔
Page 182
2 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎+𝟐 𝟎+𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
X = XX = ( ) ( )=( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎+𝟔 𝟐+𝟗 𝟔 𝟏𝟏
2 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟗+𝟐 𝟔+𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟔
Y = YY = ( ) ( )=( )=( )
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑+𝟎 𝟐+𝟎 𝟑 𝟐
2 2 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟔 −𝟗 −𝟑
X –Y =( )–( )=( )
𝟔 𝟏𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟗
2 2
 ( X + Y )( X – Y ) ≠ X –Y
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒
( a ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ),
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟏
2 2
find out whether or not ( A + B )( A – B ) = A – B .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟒
24.Let A = ( ), B = ( ) and C = ( ) . Prove that A ( B + C ) = AB + AC.
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
What is the name of the law ?
Solution
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟒
A=( ), B = ( ),C=( ).
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐
𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 𝟔 𝟗
B+C=( )+( )=( )
𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟐
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟔 𝟗 −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟎 −𝟏𝟖 + 𝟒 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟒
A(B+C)=( )( )=( )=( )
𝟑 𝟒 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏𝟖 + 𝟎 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟓
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 −𝟒 + 𝟔 −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖 𝟐 −𝟐
AB = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟏
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 −𝟖 − 𝟔 −𝟖 − 𝟒 −𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟐
AC = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟖 𝟎 𝟒
𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟒
AB + AC = ( )+( )=( )
𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟏 𝟎 𝟒 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟓
 A ( B + C ) = AB + AC
This law is destributive law.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 –1 –1 –1
25.Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) . Verify that ( AB) = B A .
−𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏
Solution
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏
A=( ),B=( )
−𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟔−𝟏 −𝟐 + 𝟏 𝟓 −𝟏
AB = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏𝟓 + 𝟒 𝟓−𝟒 −𝟏𝟏 𝟏
–1
det AB = 5 – 11 = – 6 ≠ 0 , ( AB ) exists.
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟔 −𝟔
–1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( AB) = ( )= ( )=( 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
)
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨𝑩 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 ;𝟔 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
− −𝟔
𝟔
Page 183
–1
det B = 3 – 1 = 2 ≠ 0 , B exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
B = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑩 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
–1
det A = – 8 + 5 = – 3 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟓 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟓
A = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟏 𝟐 ;𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟓 𝟏 −𝟒 + 𝟓 −𝟏 + 𝟐
–1
B A =*
–1
(
𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
)+ * (
−𝟑 −𝟏 𝟐
)+ =
;𝟔
( )
−𝟒 + 𝟏𝟓 −𝟏 + 𝟔
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏
− −
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟔
= ( )=( )
;𝟔 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟓
− −
𝟔 𝟔
 ( AB) –1 =B A .
–1 –1
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐 –1 –1 –1
( a ) Let A = ( ) and B = ( ) . Verify that ( AB) = B A .
𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
−
𝟓𝟓 𝟓𝟐
Ans ; ( AB)
–1 –1
=B A
–1
= ( 𝟓 𝟏 )
− −
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
–1 –1 –1 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟕
( b ) Show that ( AB) =B A for A = ( ) and B = ( ).
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
–1 –1 –1 𝟐𝟗 −𝟒𝟏
Ans ; (AB) = B A = ( )
−𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕
−𝟐 𝟑 2 –1
( c ) If A = ( ) , prove that A + 2A = 3I where I is the unit matrix of order 2.
−𝟑 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟒 2 –1 –1 2
26.Given that A = ( ). Verify that ( A ) = ( A ) .
𝟐 𝟑
Solution
𝟒𝟑
A=( )
𝟑𝟐
2 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟗+𝟖 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝟒
A = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟔+𝟔 𝟖+𝟗 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕
2 2 –1
det ( A ) = 289 – 288 = 1 ≠ 0 , ( A ) exists.
2 –1 𝟏𝟕 −𝟐𝟒
(A ) = ( )
−𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕
–1
det A = 9 – 8 = 1 , A exists.
–1 𝟑 −𝟒
A = ( )
−𝟐 𝟑
Page 184
–1 2 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟗+𝟖 −𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕 −𝟐𝟒

(A ) =( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟑 −𝟔 − 𝟔 𝟖+𝟗 −𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟕
 ( A2 ) –1 =(A
–1 2
) .
𝟓 −𝟕 2 –1 –1 2
( a ) Given that A = ( ). Verify that ( A ) = ( A )
𝟐 −𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟓
27.Find the inverse matrix of M = ( ) , and investigate wheather or not the square of M
𝟏 𝟐
–1
and M are inverse of each other.
Solution
𝟑 𝟓
M=( )
𝟏 𝟐
2 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟗+𝟓 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟓
M = MM = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑+𝟐 𝟓+𝟒 𝟓 𝟗
–1
det M = 6 – 5 = 1 ≠ 0 , M exists.
–1 𝟐 −𝟓
M =( )
−𝟏 𝟑
–1 2 𝟐 −𝟓 𝟐 −𝟓 𝟒+𝟓 −𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓 𝟗 −𝟐𝟓

(M ) =( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 − 𝟑 𝟓+𝟗 −𝟓 𝟏𝟒
–1 2 2 𝟗 −𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟔 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟏 𝟎

(M ) M =( )( )=( )=( )=I
−𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟓 𝟗 −𝟕𝟎 + 𝟕𝟎 −𝟏𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟎 𝟏
2 –1 2 𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟗 −𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟔 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟓𝟎 − 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝟏 𝟎

M (M ) =( )( ) =( )=( )=I
𝟓 𝟗 −𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟒𝟓 −𝟏𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝟎 𝟏
–1 2 2 2 –1 2
(M ) M =M (M ) =I
–1 2 2
( M ) and M are inverse of each other.
𝟒 𝟐 –1 –1
( a ) Let B = ( ) . Find B . Investigate wheather or not the square of B and B are
−𝟓 −𝟑
inverse of each other.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Matrix ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့၏ ရလဒး ( အေ်ဖတနးဖို့ ) အာ့ ရြာခိုငး့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟑 −𝟓 2
28.Given that A = ( ) , find A – 5A – 14I .
−𝟒 𝟐
Solution
Page 185
𝟑 −𝟓
A=( ),
−𝟒 𝟐
2 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟗 + 𝟐𝟎 −𝟏𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟗 −𝟐𝟓
A = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟒 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟐 −𝟏𝟐 − 𝟖 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟒 −𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 −𝟓 𝟏𝟓 −𝟐𝟓
5A = 𝟓 ( )=( )
−𝟒 𝟐 −𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟎
14I = 14 ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏𝟒
2 𝟐𝟗 −𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟓 −𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟎
A – 5A – 14I = ( )–( )–( )=( )–( )=
−𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟒 −𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟎 𝟏𝟒 𝟎 𝟏𝟒
𝟎 𝟎
( )=O
𝟎 𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 –1
29.Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , find ( A’ + B )( B – 2A ).
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
–1
and ( 3A – 2I )( 2A + B’ ).
Solution
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
A=( ),B=( ),
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓
𝟐 𝟑
A’ = ( )
𝟏 𝟏
–1
det B = 10 – 9 = 1 ≠ 0 , B exists.
–1 𝟓 −𝟑
B =( )
−𝟑 𝟐
–1 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 −𝟑 𝟕 𝟎
A’ + B = ( )+( )=( )
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
2A = 2 ( )=( )
𝟑 𝟏 𝟔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏
B – 2A = ( )–( )=( )
𝟑 𝟓 𝟔 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟑
–1 𝟕 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏𝟒 + 𝟎 𝟕+𝟎 −𝟏𝟒 𝟕
( A’ + B )( B – 2A ) = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟐 𝟑 −𝟑 𝟑 𝟒−𝟗 −𝟐 + 𝟗 −𝟓 𝟕
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟏 𝟔 𝟑
3A = 3( ) =( )
𝟑 𝟏 𝟗 𝟑
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎
2I = 2 ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐
𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟎 𝟒 𝟑
3A – 2I = ( )–( )=( )
𝟗 𝟑 𝟎 𝟐 𝟗 𝟏
det A = 2 – 3 = – 1
–1 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
A = ( )= ( )=( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟑 𝟐 ;𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐
–1 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐
2A = 2( )=( )
𝟑 −𝟐 𝟔 −𝟒
Page 186
𝟐 𝟑
B’ = ( )
𝟑 𝟓
–1 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟎 𝟓
2A + B’ = ( )+( )=( )
−𝟒 𝟔 𝟑 𝟓 𝟗 𝟏
–1 𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 𝟓 𝟎 + 𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟑
( 3A – 2I )( 2A + B’ ) = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟗 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟎+𝟗 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟏 𝟗 𝟒𝟔
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 –1
( a ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , find ( A + B )( 2A – B ).
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
–1 𝟏𝟑 −𝟒
Ans; ( A + B )( 2A– B ) = ( )
𝟏𝟎 −𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑 –1
( b ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , find 3A’ + BA .
𝟕 𝟐 𝟔 𝟖
–1 −𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟓
Ans; 3A’ + BA = ( )
−𝟒𝟏 𝟑𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 –1
( c ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , find ( A + B )( 2A – B’ ).
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
–1 𝟏𝟎 −𝟐
Ans; ( A + B )( 2A – B’ ) = ( )
𝟓 −𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 −𝟒 2 –1
30.Given that A = ( ) , find A + 2A + 3I , where I is the unit matirx of order 2.
𝟏 −𝟐
Solution
𝟑 −𝟒
A=( )
𝟏 −𝟐
2 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟗−𝟒 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟖 𝟓 −𝟒
A =( )( )=( )=( )
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑−𝟐 −𝟒 + 𝟒 𝟏 𝟎
–1
det A = – 6 – (– 4 ) = – 6 + 4 = – 2 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏−𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟒
A = ()= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑩 −𝟏 𝟑 ;𝟐 −𝟏 𝟑
–1 −𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 −𝟒
2A = – ( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟑
𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟎
3I = 3 ( )=( )
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟑
2 –1 𝟓 −𝟒 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎 𝟕 −𝟖 𝟑 𝟎 𝟏𝟎 −𝟖
A + 2A + 3I = ( )+( )+( )= ( )+( )=( )
𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟎 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟎 𝟑 𝟐 𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 −𝟏 2 –1
31.If A = ( ) , find A + A A’ – 3I , where I is the unit matirx of order 2.
𝟑 𝟐
Solution
𝟏
−𝟏
A=( ),
𝟑𝟐
2 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏−𝟑 −𝟏 − 𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟑
A = AA = ( ) ( )=( )=( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑+𝟔 −𝟑 + 𝟒 𝟗 𝟏
–1
det A = 2 – (– 3 ) = 5 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
A = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟓 −𝟑 𝟏
Page 187
𝟏 𝟑
A’ = ( )
−𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟖
–1 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐−𝟏 𝟔+𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟖 𝟓 𝟓 )
A A’ = ( )( )= ( )= ( )= (
𝟒
𝟓 −𝟑 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 −𝟑 − 𝟏 −𝟗 + 𝟐 𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟕 −𝟓 − 𝟕𝟓
𝟏 𝟖
2 –1 −𝟐 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟓 )= (
− 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟕𝟓
A + A A’ = ( )+( )
𝟒
𝟗 𝟏 −𝟓 − 𝟕𝟓 𝟒𝟏
𝟓
− 𝟐
𝟓
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟑
3I = 3 ( )=()
𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎
2 –1
− 𝟗𝟓 − 𝟕𝟓 𝟑 𝟎 − 𝟐𝟒
𝟓
− 𝟐𝟑
𝟓 )
A + A A’ – 3I = ( ) –( )= (
𝟒𝟏
𝟓
− 𝟐𝟓 𝟎 𝟑 𝟒𝟏
𝟓
−𝟓𝟏𝟕
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 −𝟏 –1
( a ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , find B’A – 3A .
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟑
–1
− 𝟒𝟕
𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟓𝟓
𝟏𝟏 )
Ans ; B’A – 3A = (
− 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝟓
− 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟏 −𝟒 −𝟐 –1
32.Given that M = ( ) and N = ( ) , find 4M – M’N.
𝟓 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑
Solution
𝟑 𝟏 −𝟒 −𝟐
M=( ),N=( ),
𝟓 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑
–1
det M = 6 – 5 = 1 ≠ 0 , M exists.
–1 −𝟏𝟐
M =( )
−𝟓
𝟑
–1 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟖 −𝟒
4M = 4( )=( )
−𝟓 𝟑 −𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝟑 𝟓
M’ = ( )
𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟓 −𝟒 −𝟐 −𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎 −𝟔 + 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟖 𝟗
M’N = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑 −𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔 −𝟐 + 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
–1 𝟖 −𝟒 𝟐𝟖 𝟗 −𝟐𝟎 −𝟏𝟑
4M – M’N = ( )–( )=( )
−𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 −𝟑𝟐 𝟖
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Matrix ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ရြိ တနးဖို့လို Matrix ( ဥပမာ X )အာ့ ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝒙 𝟎 2
33.Find all possible matrices of the form X = ( ) , such that X = 16I where I is the unit
𝟏 𝒚
matrix of order 2.
Page 188
Solution
𝒙 𝟎
X=( )
𝟏 𝒚
2 𝒙 𝟎 𝒙 𝟎 𝒙𝟐 𝟎
X = XX = ( )( )=( )
𝟏 𝒚 𝟏 𝒚 𝒙+𝒚 𝒚𝟐
2 𝟏 𝟎
X = 16 I = 16 ( )
𝟎 𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟔 𝟎
( ) =( )
𝒙+𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝟎 𝟏𝟔
2
x = 16 and x =  4
2
y = 16 and y =  4
x + y = 0 and y = – x
If x = 4 , y = – 4
If x = – 4 , y = 4
𝟒 𝟎
If x = 4 , y = – 4 , X = ( )
𝟏 −𝟒
−𝟒 𝟎
If x = – 4 , y = 4 , X = ( )
𝟏 𝟒
𝒂 𝟏 2
( a ) Find the two matrices of the form A = ( ) , such that A = I ,where I is the unit
𝟎 𝒃
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
matrix of order 2. Ans; A = ( ) or ( )
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝒙 𝟏 2 3
( b ) Find the two matrices of the form X = ( ) , such that X = I. Hence find X .
𝟎 𝒚
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 3 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
Ans ; X = ( ) or ( ) ,X = ( ) or ( )
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 –1
34.Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) and , write the inverse matrix A and find
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟑
the P and Q such that PA = 2I and AQ = 2B.
Solution
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐
A=( ),B=( )
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟑
–1
det A = 4 – 3 = 1 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 −𝟑
A =( )
−𝟏 𝟒
–1 –1
PAA = 2IA
–1
PI= 2A
–1 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟐 −𝟔
P = 2A = 2 ( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟖
𝟒 𝟐 𝟖 𝟒
2B = 2 ( )=( )
−𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟏𝟎 −𝟔
AQ = 2B
Page 189
–1 –1
A AQ = A 2B
–1
IQ = A 2B
–1 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟖 𝟒 𝟖 + 𝟑𝟎 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟖 𝟑𝟖 𝟐𝟐
Q = A 2B = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟒 −𝟏𝟎 −𝟔 −𝟖 − 𝟒𝟎 −𝟒 − 𝟐𝟒 −𝟒𝟖 −𝟐𝟖
𝟕 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓
( a ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) and , write the inverse matrix of B and use it to
𝟖 𝟗 𝟏 𝟐
find the P and Q such that PB = A and BQ = 2A.
–1 𝟐 −𝟓 𝟗 −𝟐𝟎 −𝟓𝟐 −𝟕𝟎
Ans; B = ( ),P=( ) ,Q=( )
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟕 −𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟒 𝟒𝟒
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 –1
( b ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) and , write the inverse matrix A and use
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟑
it to find the matrix P and Q such that PB = 2A and BQ = 4A.
𝟑
𝟏
Ans; A
–1 𝟐
=( 𝟓 ) ,P = ( −𝟑 −𝟒 ) ,Q = ( 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟐
)
−𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟐 −𝟒𝟖 −𝟑𝟖
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟒
( c ) Let P = ( ),Q=( ) . Find the matrices A and B such that PA = Q and
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
−𝟕 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟓
BP = Q . Ans; A = ( ),B=( )
𝟓 𝟎 𝟒 −𝟓
𝟑 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑
( d ) If A = ( ),B=( ) , find the matrix P such that PA = B.
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟕
−𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟎
Ans; P = ( )
−𝟑𝟏 𝟏𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏 2
35.Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) . Solve the equtions AX = 2B – A .
−𝟗 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
Solution
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟏
A=( ),B=( ).
−𝟗 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
−𝟑 𝟏 −𝟔 𝟐
2B = 2 ( )= ( )
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟒
2 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟗 𝟒−𝟐 𝟕 𝟐
A = AA = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟗 −𝟐 −𝟗 −𝟐 −𝟑𝟔 + 𝟏𝟖 −𝟗 + 𝟒 −𝟏𝟖 −𝟓
2 −𝟔 𝟐 𝟕 𝟐 −𝟏𝟑 𝟎
2B – A = ( )–( )=( )
−𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏𝟖 −𝟓 𝟏𝟔 𝟗
–1
det A = – 8 – (– 9 ) = – 8 + 9 = 1 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 −𝟐 −𝟏
A =( )
𝟗 𝟒
2
AX = 2B – A
–1 –1 2
A AX = A ( 2B – A )
–1 2
IX = A ( 2B – A )
–1 2 −𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟏𝟑 𝟎 𝟐𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔 𝟎−𝟗 𝟏𝟎 −𝟗
X = A ( 2B – A ) = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟗 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟗 −𝟏𝟏𝟕 + 𝟔𝟒 𝟎 + 𝟑𝟔 −𝟓𝟑 𝟑𝟔
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 –1
( a ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , write down the inverse matrix A and use
𝟓 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏
it to solve the equation AX = B – A. ( 2012 မႏၱေလ့ No 25 )
–1 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏
Ans; A = ( ) , X= ( )
−𝟓 𝟐 −𝟏𝟗 −𝟏𝟗
−𝟑𝟏 𝟏𝟓
Solve XA = 3B + 2A. ( 2003 မႏၱေလ့ No 195 / 2012 မေကျ့ No 27 -) Ans X = ( )
−𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟒
Page 190
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 −𝟏 –1
( b ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , write down the inverse matrix A and
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
−
use it to solve the equation XA = 3B – 2A. Ans; A
–1
= ( 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
𝟑 ) ,X= (
−𝟐
𝟑
−𝟑
−𝟓
)
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 −𝟏 –1
( c ) Given that A = ( ) and B = ( ) , write down the inverse matrix A and
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
−
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟑
use it to solve the equation XA = 3B’ – 2A Ans; A
–1
= ( 𝟐 𝟑 ) , X= (
𝟑 −𝟓
)
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
( d ) Given that A = ( )and B = ( ) , write down the inverse matrix of A and use it
𝟓 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
–1 𝟑 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟒
to solve the equation XA = 4B + 3A. Ans; A = ( ), X= ( )
−𝟓 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
( e ) Given that A = ( )and B = ( ) , write down the inverse matrix of A and use it
𝟓 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
–1 𝟑 −𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑
to solve the equation XA = 3B + 2A. Ans; A = ( ), X= ( )
−𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
( f ) Let A = ( ) and B = ( ) . Solve for the 2x2 matrix X such that
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟑
–1 −𝟕𝟔 −𝟑𝟏
AX = 2A’+ 5B . Ans; X = ( )
𝟓𝟕 𝟐𝟑
𝟗 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 –1
( g ) Given that A = ( )and B = ( ) , write down the inverse matrix A and use
𝟒 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟏
–1 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟐𝟐 𝟎
it to solve the equation AX = 2B. Ans; A = ( ), X= ( )
−𝟒 𝟗 −𝟗𝟗 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
−𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
36.The matrix A and B are given by A = ( ) and B = ( ) . Find the matrix P and
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐
2
Q such that P = 2A + B and AQ + BQ = I .
Solution
−𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
(i)A=( ) and B = ( )
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐
−𝟐 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟔
2A = 2 ( )=( )
𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎
2 𝟓 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟓+𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟕
B = BB = ( )( )=( )=( )
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟓 − 𝟐 −𝟏 + 𝟒 −𝟕 𝟑
2 −𝟒 𝟔 𝟐𝟒 𝟕 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟑
P = 2A + B = ( )+ ( )=( )
𝟐 𝟎 −𝟕 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟑
( ii )
AQ + BQ = I
( A + B )Q = I
By the definition of inverse of matrix ,
Page 191
–1
Q=(A+B)
−𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑 𝟒
A+B=( ) +( )=( )
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟐
–1
det ( A + B ) = 6 – 0 = 6 ≠ 0 , ( A + B ) exists.
𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟒 − 𝟐𝟑
)= ( 𝟑
–1
Q=(A+B) = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕( 𝑨:𝑩 ) 𝟎 𝟑 𝟔 𝟎 𝟑 𝟏
𝟐
𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
37.Given P = ( ),Q= ( ) and R = ( ) , write down the inverse of the matrix P
𝟕 𝟒 −𝟏 𝟗
and use it to find the matrix X in the matrix equation PX + Q = R .
Solution
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
P=( ),Q= ( ),R= ( )
𝟕 𝟒 −𝟏 𝟗
–1
det P = 8 – (– 7 ) = 15 ≠ 0 , P exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
P = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑷 −𝟕 𝟐 𝟏𝟓 −𝟕 𝟐
PX + Q = R
PX = R – Q
–1 –1
P PX = P ( R – Q )
–1
IX = P ( R – Q )
–1
X=P (R–Q)
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟓
R–Q=( )–( )=( )
𝟗 −𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟐𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟑𝟎 𝟐
X= ( )( )= ( )= ( )=( )
𝟏𝟓 −𝟕 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 −𝟑𝟓 + 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟓 −𝟏𝟓 −𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏
𝟑 𝟕 𝟔
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 –1 –1
38.Given that A = 𝟐 ),C=(
𝟐 ,B=( ) , find A , B and use the result
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟔 𝟓 𝟏 𝟒
to find the matrix of X such that BXA = C. ***
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟑
𝟑 −𝟏 − 𝟕 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐
A= 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝟐 ,B=( ),C=( ),
−𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟔 𝟓 𝟏 𝟒
𝟕 𝟑 𝟕 𝟏 –1
det A = – (– 2 x (– ))= – 3 = ≠ 0 , A exists.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
–1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
A = ( 𝟕 )= 𝟏 ( 𝟕 )=2( 𝟕 )=( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟕
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
–1
det B = 35 – 36 = – 1 ≠ 0 , B exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟓 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟓 −𝟔 𝟓 −𝟔 −𝟓 𝟔
B = ( )= ( )=–1( )=( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑩 −𝟔 𝟕 ;𝟏 −𝟔 𝟕 −𝟔 𝟕 𝟔 −𝟕
BXA = C
–1 –1
B BXA = B C
–1 −𝟓 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟏𝟓 + 𝟔 −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟒 −𝟗 𝟏𝟒
IXA = B C = ( )( )=( )=( )
𝟔 −𝟕 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟖 − 𝟕 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟔
Page 192
–1 –1 –1 −𝟗 𝟏𝟒 𝟐 𝟑
XA A = ( B C )A =( )( )
𝟏𝟏 −𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟕
−𝟏𝟖 + 𝟓𝟔 −𝟐𝟕 + 𝟗𝟖
XI = ( )
𝟐𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝟐
𝟑𝟖 𝟕𝟏
X=( )
−𝟒𝟐 −𝟕𝟗
𝟕 −𝟏 𝟕 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 –1 –1
( a ) Given that A = ( ),B=( ),C=( ) ,find A and B and use it to find
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟔 𝟓 𝟏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
𝟓 𝟓 −𝟑 𝟒
the matrix X such that XB = C.Ans; A = ( 𝟐
–1
𝟕 ) , B–1= (−𝟔𝟓 −𝟔
𝟕
),X=(
𝟏𝟗 −𝟐𝟐
)
𝟓 𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒑 𝒒 𝒒 𝒑
39.If ps ≠ qr , find the 2 x 2 matrix X such that ( )X=( ) .Find also X–1 , if it
𝒓 𝒔 𝒔 𝒓
exists.
Solution
𝒑 𝒒 𝒒 𝒑
( )X=( ).
𝒓 𝒔 𝒔 𝒓
𝒑 𝒒 𝒒 𝒑
Let A = ( ),B=( )
𝒓 𝒔 𝒔 𝒓
AX = B
det A = ps – qr ≠ 0 , ∵ps ≠ qr ,
–1 𝟏 𝒔 −𝒒 𝟏 𝒔 −𝒒
A = ( −𝒓 𝒑 ) = 𝒑𝒔;𝒒𝒓 ( −𝒓 𝒑)
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨
–1 –1
A AX = A B
–1 𝟏 𝒔 −𝒒 𝒒 𝒑 𝟏 𝒒𝒔 − 𝒒𝒔 𝒑𝒔 − 𝒒𝒓
IX = A B = ( −𝒓 𝒑 ) ( 𝒔 𝒓 ) = 𝒑𝒔;𝒒𝒓 ( 𝒑𝒔 − 𝒒𝒓 −𝒑𝒓 + 𝒑𝒓 )
𝒑𝒔;𝒒𝒓
𝟏 𝟎 𝒑𝒔 − 𝒒𝒓 𝟎 𝟏
X= ( )=( )
𝒑𝒔;𝒒𝒓 𝒑𝒔 − 𝒒𝒓 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
–1
det X = 0 – 1 = – 1 ≠ 0 , X exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
X = (
)= ( )=( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑩 −𝟏 𝟎 ;𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟗 𝟕 −𝟖
40.Solve the matrix equatin ( )X – 2 ( )=( ).
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟔
Solution
𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟗 𝟕 −𝟖
( )X – 2 ( )=( ).
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟔
𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟏𝟖 𝟕 −𝟖
( )X – ( )=( ).
𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝟏𝟔
Page 193
𝟑 𝟏 𝟕 −𝟖 𝟎 𝟏𝟖
( )X = ( ) +( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟎
( )X = ( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐𝟔
𝟑 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟎
let A = ( ),B=( )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐𝟔
AX = B
–1
det A = 6 – 3 = 3 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
A = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 −𝟑 𝟑
–1 –1
A AX = A B
–1 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟔 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟐𝟔
IX = A B = ( )( )= ( )
𝟑 −𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟑 −𝟐𝟏 + 𝟏𝟖 −𝟑𝟎 + 𝟕𝟖
𝟏 𝟖
𝟖 −𝟔 −𝟐
X= ( )= 𝟑
𝟑 −𝟑 𝟒𝟖 −𝟏 𝟏𝟔
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
( a ) Solve the matrix equatin P ( )–2( )=( ) for 2x2 matrix P.
𝟎 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
Ans; P = ( )
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟕
( b ) Solve the matrix equatin for 2x2 matrix X, 2 ( )–( )X=( )
𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
−𝟏 −𝟐
Ans; X = ( )
𝟏 −𝟑
𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 𝟕
( c ) If X is a 2x2 matrix such that ( )X=( ) . Find X and it transpose.
𝟑 𝟐 𝟗 𝟐
−𝟑 𝟒 −𝟑 𝟗
Ans; X = ( ) , X’ = ( )
𝟗 −𝟓 𝟒 −𝟓
𝟐 −𝟒 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟓 −𝟒
( d ) Find 2x2 matrix X in the equation X ( )=3( ) – 2( ).
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟕
𝟕 𝟔
−𝟓 −𝟓
Ans; X = ( 𝟒 𝟕 )
𝟓 𝟓
−𝟑 𝟐 −𝟔 𝟎 −𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟎
( e ) Solve the matrix equation P ( )–2( )=( ) for 2x2 matrix P.
𝟏 𝟔 𝟓 𝟕 𝟒𝟒𝟓
𝟐 𝟏
Ans; P = ( )
𝟑 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
41.Solve the matrix equatin ( )X = ( ).
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒙 + 𝒚
Hence find x and y if X = ( ).
𝟕 𝟏𝟎
Solution
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
( )X = ( )
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
Page 194
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
let A = ( ),B=( )
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
AX = B
–1
det A = 4 – 3 = 1 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟐 𝟑
A = ( )
𝟏 𝟐
–1 –1
A AX = A B
–1 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐+𝟗 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟐
IX = A B = ( )( )= ( )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏+𝟔 𝟐+𝟖
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟔
X=( )
𝟕 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒙 + 𝒚
if X = ( )
𝟕 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒙 + 𝒚
( )=( )
𝟕 𝟏𝟎 𝟕 𝟏𝟎
2x – y = 11
+ x + y = 16 -------- ( 1 )
3x = 27
x = 9 in Eq ( 1 )
9 + y = 16
y=7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
42.Solve the following equatin for 2x2 matrix X. X ( )=2( )–( ).
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏
Solution
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
X( )=2( )–( )
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏
𝟑 𝟏 𝟔 𝟖 𝟑 𝟏
X( )= ( )–( )
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝟏
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟕
X( )= ( )
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟔 𝟗
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟕
let A = ( ),B=( )
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟔 𝟗
XA = B
–1
det A = 3 – 2 = 1 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 −𝟏
A = ( )
−𝟐 𝟑
–1 –1
XA A = B A
–1 𝟑 𝟕 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟒 −𝟑 + 𝟐𝟏
XI = B A = ( )( )= ( )
−𝟔 𝟗 −𝟐 𝟑 −𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖 𝟔 + 𝟐𝟒
−𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟖
X=( )
−𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟑
Page 195
𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
( a ) Solve the following equatin for 2x2 matrix X. X ( )=( ).
𝟑 𝟓 −𝟐 𝟑
−𝟔 𝟐
Ans; X = ( )
𝟒 −𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
43.Let AB = ( ) + I where B = ( ) .Find 2 x 2 matrix A.
−𝟓 −𝟑 𝟒 𝟗
Solution
𝟏 𝟐
B=( )
𝟒 𝟗
–1
det B = 9 – 8 = 1 ≠ 0 , B exists.
–1 𝟗 −𝟐
B =( )
−𝟒 𝟏
𝟒 𝟐
AB = ( )+I,
−𝟓 −𝟑
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 𝟐
AB = ( )+( )=( )
−𝟓 −𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟐
–1 𝟓 𝟐 –1
AB B = ( )B
−𝟓 −𝟐
𝟓 𝟐 𝟗 −𝟐 𝟒𝟓 − 𝟖 −𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐
AI = ( )( )=( )
−𝟓 −𝟐 −𝟒 𝟏 −𝟒𝟓 + 𝟖 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐
𝟑𝟕 −𝟖
A=( )
−𝟑𝟕 𝟖
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟒 −𝟏
( a ) Find B if A = ( ) and BA = ( ) . Ans B = ( )
−𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟖 𝟔 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
44.Use the definition of the inverse of matrix , to the the inverse of ( ).
−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
Solution
Let A = ( ) and A–1 = ( 𝒂 𝒃 )
−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄 𝒅
–1
AA = I
( )(𝒂 𝒃)=( 𝟏 𝟎)
−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄 𝒅 𝟎 𝟏
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
( )(𝒂 𝒃)=( 𝟏 𝟎)
−𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄 𝒅 𝟎 𝟏
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 1 -------- ( 1 )
−𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 0 -------- ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) x 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 , 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
– Eq ( 2 ) x 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 , – 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 0
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒂( 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 ) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒂 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 in Eq ( 1 )
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 1
Page 196
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 1

𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 1 – 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽
c = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 0 -------- ( 3 )
−𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 1 -------- ( 4 )
Eq ( 3 ) x 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 , 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 = 0
+ Eq ( 4 ) x 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 , – 𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒅( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 ) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
𝒅 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 in Eq ( 3 )
𝟐
𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 = 0
𝒃 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 0
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 ( 𝒃 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 ) = 0
( 𝒃 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 ) = 0
b = – 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
If 𝒂 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 , b = – 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 , c = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 and 𝒅 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
–1 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
A =( )=( )
𝒄 𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟒
45. Use the definition of the inverse of matrix , to the the inverse of ( ).
𝟏 𝟐
Solution
𝟏 𝟒 –1 𝒂 𝒃
let A = ( ) and A = ( )
𝟏 𝟐 𝒄 𝒅
–1
AA = I
𝟏 𝟒 𝒂 𝒃 𝟏 𝟎
( )( )=( )
𝟏 𝟐 𝒄 𝒅 𝟎 𝟏
𝒂 + 𝟒𝒄 𝒃 + 𝟒𝒅
( )=( 𝟏 𝟎)
𝒂 + 𝟐𝒄 𝒃 + 𝟐𝒅 𝟎 𝟏
a + 4c = 1 ------- ( 1 )
– ( a + 2c = 0 ) ------- ( 2 )
2c = 1
𝟏
c= in Eq ( 2 )
𝟐
𝟏
a+2( )=0
𝟐
a=–1
b + 4d = 0 ------- ( 1 )
– ( b + 2d = 1 ) ------- ( 2 )
2d = – 1
𝟏
d=– in Eq ( 2 )
𝟐
Page 197
𝟏
b + 2 (– )=1
𝟐
b= 2
𝟏 𝟏
If a = – 1 , b = 2 , c = ,d=–
𝟐 𝟐
–1 𝒂 𝒃 −𝟏 𝟐
A =( )= 𝟏 𝟏
𝒄 𝒅 −
𝟐 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type ( 9 ) System of Equation တစးစုဵအတျကး Inverse ရြာေ်ဖရြငး့ေပ့ရမညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
46.
5x + 6y = 25
(a) Find the solution set of the systems of equtions by the matrix
3x + 4y = 17
method ; the variable are on the set of real numbers.
( or )
(b) Find the solution set of the systems of equtions 5x + 6y = 25 , 3x + 4y = 17 by the
matrix method.
( or )
𝟓 𝟔
(c) Given that A = ( ) , use the inverse matrix of A to solve the equation
𝟑 𝟒
6y – 5x + 25 = 0 , 3x + 4y – 17 = 0 .
( or )
𝟓 𝟔 –1
(d) Given that A = ( ) , find A and use it to solve the equation – 6y – 5x + 25 = 0 ,
𝟑 𝟒
3x + 4y – 17 = 0
( or )
𝟓 𝟔
(d) Find the inverse matrix of ( ) , use it to solve the systems of equtions
𝟑 𝟒
5x + 6y – 25 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 17 = 0 .
( or )
(e) Use the matrix method to find the solution set of the system of linear equations ;
5x + 6y = 25 , 3x + 4y = 17.
( or )
𝟓 𝟔
(f) Find the inverse matrix of ( ) . Hence determine the coordinates of the point
𝟑 𝟒
of intersection of the line 5x + 6y – 25 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 17 = 0 .
( or )
(g) Solve the following system of equations by matrix method
5x + 6y = 25
3x + 4y = 17 .
( or )
(h) By using matrix method , find the solution set of the systems of equtions
5x + 6y = 25 , 3x + 4y = 17 .
( or )
𝟔 𝟓
(i) Write down the inverse matrix of ( ) and use it to solve the following
𝟒 𝟑
simultaneous equations 5x + 6y – 25 = 0 , 3x + 4y – 17 = 0 .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 198
( a ) Solution
5x + 6y = 25
3x + 4y = 17
𝟓 𝟔 𝒙 𝟐𝟓
( )(𝒚)=( )
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟕
𝟓 𝟔 𝒙 𝟐𝟓
let A = ( ) ,X=(𝒚),B=( )
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟕
𝟓 𝟔 𝒙 𝟐𝟓
then, ( )(𝒚)=( ) becomes AX = B
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟕
–1
det A = 20 – 18 = 2 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟒 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟒 −𝟔
A = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟐 −𝟑 𝟓
AX = B
–1 –1
A AX = A B
𝟏 𝟒 −𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
IX = ( )( )= ( )= ( )
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟕 𝟐 −𝟕𝟓 + 𝟖𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
X=( )
𝟓
𝒙 𝟏
(𝒚)=( )
𝟓
x=1,y=5 solve the equation ဆုိရငး ဒီအဆငးံထိပဲ
 The solution set is { ( 1 , 5 ) } Solution Set ရြာခိုငး့ရငး ဒီအဆငးံထိ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( i ) Solution
𝟔 𝟓
let A = ( )
𝟒 𝟑
–1
det A = 18 – 20 = – 2 ≠ 0 , A exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟒 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟓
A = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟑 𝟓 ;𝟐 −𝟒 𝟔
5x + 6y – 25 = 0
6y + 5x = 25
3x + 4y – 17 = 0
4y + 3x = 17
 6y + 5x = 25
4y + 3x = 17
𝟔 𝟓 𝒚 𝟐𝟓
( )( )=( )
𝟒 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟕
𝟔 𝟓 𝒚 𝟐𝟓
let A = ( ) ,X=( ),B=( )
𝟒 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟕
𝟔 𝟓 𝒚 𝟐𝟓
then, ( )( )=( ) becomes AX = B
𝟒 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟕
–1 –1
A AX = A B
𝟏 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟏 𝟕𝟓 − 𝟖𝟓 𝟏 −𝟏𝟎
IX = ( )( )= ( )= ( )
;𝟐 −𝟒 𝟔 𝟏𝟕 ;𝟐 −𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟐 ;𝟐 −𝟐
𝟓
X=( )
𝟏
𝒚 𝟓
( )=( )
𝒙 𝟏
x=1,y=5
 The solution set is { ( 1 , 5 ) }
Page 199
𝒂 𝒃
47.Find the inverse of the matrix ( ) where 2a ≠ b and use it to solve the simultaneous
𝟏 𝟐
2
equations ax + by = 2a and x + 2y = b in term of a and b.
Solution
𝒂 𝒃
Let A = ( )
𝟏 𝟐
–1
det A = 2a – b ≠ 0 , ∵2a ≠ b and A exists.
–1 𝟏 𝟐 −𝒃 𝟏 𝟐 −𝒃
A = ( )= ( )
𝒅𝒆𝒕 𝑨 −𝟏 𝒂 𝟐𝒂 – 𝒃 −𝟏 𝒂
2
ax + by = 2a
x + 2y = b
𝒂 𝒃 𝒙 𝟐
( ) ( 𝒚 ) = ( 𝟐𝒂 )
𝟏 𝟐 𝒃
𝒙 𝟐
let A = ( 𝒂 𝒃 ) , X = ( 𝒚 ) , B = ( 𝟐𝒂 )
𝟏 𝟐 𝒃
𝒙
then, ( 𝒂 𝒃 ) ( 𝒚 ) = ( 𝒂 ) becomes AX = B
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝒃
–1 –1
A AX = A B
𝟏 𝟐 −𝒃 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
IX = ( ) ( 𝟐𝒂 ) = ( )
𝟐𝒂 – 𝒃 −𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 𝟐𝒂 – 𝒃 −𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃
𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃
X = ( )
𝒂
𝒙 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃
(𝒚) =( )
𝒂
 x = 2a + b , y = a
သတိထာ့ရနး
အတျငး့တျငး ကျငး့ထပးခတးရို့ မရြိသညးံအတျကး
4a2 – b2 = ( 2a + b )( 2a – b ) ႏြငးံ –2a2 + ab = a ( 2a – b ) ်ဖစးေသာအခါး ပုစာၦရြငး့ရငး့ ရလာ
သညးံ matrix → (
𝟒𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) ကို ( ( 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃 )( 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 ) ) ဟု မေရ့မိေစရနး အထူ့ အထူ့
−𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 𝒂( 𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 )
အထူ့ သတိထာ့ပါ။ ၄ငး့အဆငးံအာ့ အၾကမး့တျငးသာ ခ္တျကးပါ။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
48.Try to solve the system of equations 2x + y = 2 , 6x + 3y = – 2 . Explain, with the aid of
cartesian diagram, why you failed.
Solution
2x + y = 2
6x + 3y = – 2
𝟐 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
( )(𝒚)=( )
𝟔 𝟑 −𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
let A = ( ) ,X=(𝒚),B=( )
𝟔 𝟑 −𝟐
𝟐 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
then, ( )(𝒚)=( ) becomes AX = B
𝟔 𝟑 −𝟐
–1
det A = 6 – 6 = 0 , A doesn’t exists.
 the system of equations can not be solved by matrix method.

The equation of the slope ,
For 1st equation , 2x + y = 2
Page 200
y = – 2x + 2
If x = 0 , y = 2 and y = 0 , x = 1
 The graph cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 2 ) and X axis at ( 1 , 0 ).

By comparing y = – 2x + 2 with y = mx + c , m = – 2
1
for 2nd equation , 6x + 3y = – 2 , 3y = – 6y – 2

𝟐
y = – 2x –
𝟑
𝟐 𝟏
If x = 0 , y = – and y = 0 , x = –
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟏
 The graph cuts Y axis at ( 0 , – ) and X axis at ( – , 0 ).
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
By comparing y = – 2x – with y = mx + c , m = – 2
𝟑 2
(0,2)
2x + y = 2
𝟏 O X
(– ,0) (1,0)
𝟑
6x + 3y = –2
𝟐
(0,– )
𝟑
m =m
1 2
 The given two lines are parallel and there is no point of intersection.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49.Try to solve the system of equations x + y = 1 , 2x + 2y = 2 . Explain, with the aid of
cartesian diagram, why you failed.
Solution
x+y=1
2x + 2y = 2
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
( )(𝒚)=( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
let A = ( ) ,X=(𝒚),B=( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏
then, ( ) ( 𝒚 ) = ( ) becomes AX = B
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
–1
det A = 2 – 2 = 0 , A doesn’t exists.
 the system of equations can not be solved by matrix method.
Page 201
For 1st equation , x+y=1

y=–x+1
If x = 0 , y = 1 and y = 0 , x = 1
By comparing y = – x + 1 with y = mx + c , m = – 1
1
for 2nd equation , 2x + 2y = 2 , x + y = 1

y=–x+1
If x = 0 , y = 1 and y = 0 , x = 1
By comparing y = – x + 1 with y = mx + c , m = – 1 Y
2
The equation of the slope is y = mx + c
(0,1)
x+y=1
2x + 2y = 2
X
(1,0)
m =m
1 2
 The given pair of equations is represent the same graph line.

There is no unique point of intersection and unique solution for x and y.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example ( 1 ) Text book / page ( 111 )
𝒌 𝟏 2 3 4 n
A=( ) . Find A , A and A and hence deduce a formula for A , where n is a positive
𝟎 𝒌
integer.
Solution
𝒌 𝟏
A=( )
𝟎 𝒌
𝒌 𝟏 𝒌 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
)= ( 𝒌 + 𝟎 𝒌 + 𝒌𝟐 ) = ( 𝒌 𝟐𝒌
2
A = AA = ( )( )
𝟎 𝒌 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎+𝟎 𝟎+𝒌 𝟎 𝒌𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
A = A A = ( 𝒌 𝟐𝒌
3 2 𝒌 𝟏 𝒌 + 𝟎 𝒌 + 𝟐𝒌 ) = ( 𝒌 𝟑𝒌𝟐 ) 𝟑
𝟐 ) ( 𝟎 𝒌 )= (
𝟎 𝒌 𝟎+𝟎 𝟎 + 𝒌𝟑 𝟎 𝒌𝟑
𝟑 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟒
4 3
A =A A=( 𝒌 𝟑𝒌 )(
𝒌 𝟏
)= ( 𝒌 + 𝟎 𝒌 + 𝟑𝒌 )=( 𝒌 𝟒𝒌𝟑 )
𝟎 𝒌𝟑 𝟎 𝒌 𝟎+𝟎 𝟎 + 𝒌𝟒 𝟎 𝒌𝟒
 An = ( 𝒌𝒏 𝒏𝒌𝒏;𝟏 )
𝟎 𝒌𝒏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 202
Chapter ( 7 )
Introduction to Probability
Teacher Note
Probability ဆိုငးရာအေခၚအေွၚမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့
Experiment ( စမး့သပးခ္ကးတစးခု ( သို႔ ) ကိစၥတစးခု ) ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ ?
သာမာနးအ်ဖစးအပ္ကးတစးခု ၇ ကစာ့ပျတ
ဲ စးခု၇ ေလာငး့ကစာ့ပျဲတစးခု၇ အေ်ခအေနတစးရပးရပး စသညးတို႔ကို
Probability နယးပယးတျငး Experiment ဟု သုဵ့ပါသညး၈
( 1 ) ေန႔တစးေန႔တျငး မို့ရျာ်ခငး့၇ ေနပူ်ခငး့ ( သာမာနးအ်ဖစးအပ္ကးတစးခု )
( 2 ) ေဘာလုဵ့ပျတ ျဲ ြိ အသငး့တစးသငး့၏ အႏိုငး၇အရႈဵ့ ( ကစာ့ပျတ
ဲ စးပရ ဲ စးခု )
( 3 ) အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံ်ဖငးံ ေခါငး့၇ပနး့ လြနး်ခငး့၈ အဵစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ( ေလာငး့ကစာ့ပျတ
ဲ စးခု )
( 4 ) ေက္ာငး့သာ့တစးေယာကး စာေမ့ပျေ ဲ အာငး်ခငး့ မေအာငး်ခငး့ ( အေ်ခအေနတစးရပးရပး )
Random Experiment ( က္ပနး့ စမး့သပးခ္ကးတစးခု ) ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ ?

အထကးပါ Experiment မ္ာ့သညးမညးကဲံသို႔်ဖစးေစ၇မညးကဲံသို႔မ်ဖစးေစဟု တစးဦ့ဦ့တစးေယာကးေယာကး
က ကိုယးံစိတးတိုငး့က္စီစဥးထာ့ေသာ Experiment မ္ာ့မဟုတးပဲ ၁ငး့တို႔က္ခ္ငးရာ ၾကဳဵရာက္ပနး့ ်ဖစးေပၚ
ေနသညးံ အ်ဖစးအပ္ကးမ္ာ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့တို႔ကို က္ပနး့စမး့သပးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ( Random Experiments )
ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
Event ( ်ဖစးရပး ) ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ ?

က္ပနး့စမး့သပးခ္ကး Random Experiment တစးခုတျငး ပါွငး်ဖစးေပၚေနေသာ်ဖစးရပးတစးခုကို event
ဟု ေခၚပါသညး၈
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ Experiment တစးခုကို ေခါငး့ ( သို႔ ) ပနး့က္သညးံ event စုစုေပါငး့
event ႏြစးခု်ဖငးံ ဖျ႕ဲ စညး့ထာ့သညး၈ အနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးသညး Experiment တစးခုကို
1,2,3,4,5,6 က္သညးံ event ေ်ခာကးးခု ်ဖငးံ ပါွငး ဖျ႕ဲ စညး့ထာ့သညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outcome ( ရလဒး )
Event တစးခု၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးကို outcomes ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
Event က “ ်ဖစးရပး ” / Outcome က အဲံဒီ်ဖစးရပး်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးတဲံ “ အေရအတျကး ”

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ရလဒးအေရအတျကး
အနးစာတုဵ့မေ်မြာကးခငး ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံအေ်ခအေန 1,2,3,4,5,6 ၃ မ္ဳိ့ ရြိသညး၈ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံမေ်မြာကး
ခငး ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံအေ်ခအေန ( ေခါငး့ ႏြငးံ ပနး့ ) ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ ရြိသညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of possible outcomes ( ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ရလဒးအေရအတျကး )
Number of possible outcomes ဆိုသညးမြာ ကိစၥတစးခုမ်ဖစးခငး အဆိုပါကိစၥ်ဖစးလာပါက ်ဖစးႏိုငး
သညးံ စုစုေပါငး့အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးကို ေခၚ်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၈ ( သို႔ )
Page 203
Experiment တစးခုတျငး Event အာ့လုဵ့၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကး စုစုေပါငး့ကို

Number of Possible Outcomes ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
number = အေရအတျကး / possible = ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ / outcomes = ရလဒး

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Number of favourable outcomes ( လိုခ္ငးေသာ ရလဒးအေရအတျကး )
Experiment တစးခုတျငး Event တစးခုခု၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးကို

Number of Favourable Outcomes ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
number = အေရအတျကး / favourable = ်ဖစးလိုေသာ / outcomes = ရလဒး
Number of Favourable Outcomes တနးဖို့သညး ၾကညးံေသာ ရႈေထာငးံအလိုကး ေ်ပာငး့လဲသျာ့

ႏိုငးသညး၈ဥပမာ အနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငး
( i ) 1 က္သညးံ event ကိုလိုခ္ငးလ္ြငး ၁ငး့ event ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေရအတျကးမြာ 1 ်ဖစးသညး၈
( ii ) စုဵကိနး့ က္သညးံ event ကိုလိုခ္ငးလ္ြငး ၁ငး့ event ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေရအတျကးမြာ 3
်ဖစးသညး၈
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Probability ( ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့မြ ်ဖစးေစခ္ငးေသာ ်ဖစးရပးေလ့၏ စုစုေပါငး့်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အႀကိမး
အေရအတျကး ႏြငးံ Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့မြ ်ဖစးရပးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့တို႔၏ စုစုေပါငး့ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အႀကိမး
အေရအတျကးမ္ာ့ အခ္ဳိ့ကို Probability ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
( တစးနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ )
ကိစၥႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့၏ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ်ဖစးရပးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့တို ႔၏ စုစုေပါငး့အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးအနကး ်ဖစးေစခ္ငး
ေသာ ်ဖစးရပး ဘယးႏြစးႀကိမး်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသနညး့ဟု တျကးထုတးယူေသာ သေဘာေလ့ကို အဆိုပါ ်ဖစးေစခ္ငး
ေသာ်ဖစးရပးေလ့၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ( Probability ) တျကးထုတးသညးဟုေ်ပာပါသညး၈
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ဘယးလိုေဖား်ပၾကလဲ
အ်ဖစးအပ္ကး ( သို႔ ) စမး့သပးမႈ တစးခုတျငး ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးစျမး့ =

်ဖစးလိုေသာ်ဖစးရပး၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အေရအတျကး
်ဖစးရပးၾကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့ရြိ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ ်ဖစးရပးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့တို႔၏ စုစုေပါငး့အေရအတျကး
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Equally likely Events and Not-equally likely Events ေတျဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ ?
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံတျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့တစးမ္ကးႏြာစီသာပါသ်ဖငးံ ေခါငး့က္မညးံ Event ေလ့၏ ်ဖစးေပၚ
ႏိုငးေသာအေရအတျကးသညးတစးႀကိမး ပနး့က္မညးံ Event ေလ့၏်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အေရအတျကးသညး
လညး့ တစးႀကိမး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
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အနးစာတုဵ့ တစးတုဵ့တျငး 1,2,3,4,5,6 ဂဏနး့ ၃ လုဵ့သညး ဂဏနး့တစးခုလ္ြငး တစးႀကိမးစီသာပါသ်ဖငးံ 1

သို႔ 2 သို႔ 3 သို႔ 4 သို႔ 5 သို႔ 6 က္သညးံ event မ္ာ့၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာအေရအတျကးသညးလညး့
ှႀကိမးစီသာ်ဖစးပါသညး၈်ဖစးရပးတစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးအေရအတျကးတူညီေနသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့တို႔
ကို တူညီေသာ်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ - equally likely events ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈ အကယး၊
ဂဏနး့မ္ာ့အစာ့ အဂၤလိပးအကၡရာ A အကၡရာ ၀ဖကး၇ B ဿ ဖကး၇ C ှ ဖကး ေရ့ထာ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး A က္
ႏိုငးေသာအေရအတျကး ၀ ႀကိမး၇ B ဿ ႀကိမး၇ C ှ ႀကိမး အသီ့သီ့ ်ဖစးၾကပါ သညး၈ ်ဖစးရပးတစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု
်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးအေရအတျကးမတူညီသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငးတို႔ကို တူညီေသာ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခမရြိသညးံ
်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ( Not equally likely events မ္ာ့ ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
A သညး ႀကိမးေရအမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးေပၚေနသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ကို အႀကိမးအေရအတျကး အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံ
်ဖစးရပး ( The most likely events ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
C သညး ႀကိမးေရအနညး့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးေပၚေနသ်ဖငးံး ၁ငး့ကို အႀကိမးအေရအတျကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံ
်ဖစးရပး ( The least likely events ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
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Equally likely Events and Not-equally likely Events
Equally likely Events
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့သညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမး
အေရအတျကးတူေနၾကလ္ြငး ၁ငးတို႔ကို equally likely events မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
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Not-equally likely Events
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့သညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမး
အေရအတျကးမတူၾကလ္ြငး ၁ငးတို႔ကို Not equally likely events မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
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The most likely Events ( ်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ရြိသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး )
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့အနကး အႀကိမးေရအမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံ
်ဖစးရပးကို ( the most likely Event ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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The least likely Events (်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္အနညး့ဆုဵ့ရြိသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး )
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့အနကး အႀကိမးေရအနညး့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံး
်ဖစးရပးကို ( the least likely Event ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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The Summation of the probabilities of all Events of an Experiment
( ကိစၥတစးခုကိုဖဲျ႔စညး့ထာသညးံ ်ဖစးရပးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့တို႔၏ ်ဖစးတနး့စျမး့အာ့လုဵ့၏ စုစုေပါငး့တနးဖို့ )
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးရပးႏြစးမ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံသာ ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ
𝟏
P ( a head turn up ) = P ( head ) = P ( H ) =
𝟐
1
P ( a tail turn up ) = P ( tail ) = P ( T ) =
2
𝟏 𝟏
P ( head ) + P ( tail ) = + =1
𝟐 𝟐
ထို႔အတူအနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငးလညး့ 1,2,3,4,5,6 က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ၃ မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့
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ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ
𝟏
P(1)=P(2)=P(3)=P(4)=P(5)=P(6)=
𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
P(1)+P(2)+P(3)+P(4)+P(5)+P(6)= + + + + + =1
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့ရြိး Events တစးခုခ္ငး့၏ Probability တနးဖို့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့က 1 ်ဖစးသညး။
If an experiment cotain events A,B,C,D,……. , then

P ( all events occur ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) + P ( C ) + P ( D ) + ………. = 1
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Completement of an Event [ P ( Not A ) ]
်ဖစးရပးတစးခု၏ ်ဖညးံဖကး်ဖစးရပး ( သို႔ ) ်ဖစးရပးတစးခုမ်ဖစးေပၚသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ဿ မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့်ပီ့ ပနး့က္
သညးံ်ဖစးရပးအာ့ ေခါငး့မက္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ဟုလညး့သုဵ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ တစးနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံ
ေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥအာ့ ေခါငး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ႏြငးံ ေခါငး့ မက္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့သညး
ဟုလညး့ ေ်ပာႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ဤတျငးေခါငး့မက္သညးံ်ဖစးရပးသညး ေခါငး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး၏ ်ဖညးံဖကး်ဖစးရပး
( Completement of Event ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
Completement of P ( Head ) = P ( Not Head ) = P ( Tail )
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံတျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာရြိသ်ဖငးံ Completement of P ( Head ) = P ( Not
Head ) ဟုဆိုသညးႏြငးံ P ( Tail ) ဟုတနး့ေ်ပာချငးံရြိ်ခငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ေခါငး့မက္သညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ သညး
ပနး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ P ( Not Head ) အစာ့ P ( Tail ) ဟုသုဵ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု
ႏြငးံ ၁ငး့၏ complement တို႔ေပါငး့ပါက
1 1
P ( head ) + P ( tail ) = P ( head ) + P ( Not Head ) = + = 1 ရလာပါမညး၈ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
2 2
Experiment တစးခုတျငး Event တစးခု ႏြငးံ ၄ငး့၏ Completement of event တို႔၏

်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ႏြစးခု ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့သညး 1 ်ဖစးသညး။
P ( A ) + P ( Not A ) = 1 , P ( Not A ) = 1 – P ( A ) , P ( A ) = 1 – P ( Not A )
သို႕ေသားအနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငးမူ 1 က္်ခငး့၏ ်ဖညးံဖကး်ဖစးရပးမြာ 1 မက္်ခငး့်ဖစး်ပီ့ 1

မက္်ခငး့သညး 2 က္်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၇ 1 မက္်ခငး့သညး 3 က္်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၇ စသညး်ဖငးံ တနးဖို့တစးမ္ဳိ့
တညး့ကိုသာ တနး့ေ်ပာချငးံမရြိေတာံပဲ 1 မက္်ခငး့၏ ်ဖညးံဖကး်ဖစးရပးမြာ 2 ( သို႔ ) 3 ( သို႔ ) 4 ( သို႔ ) 5
( သို႔ ) 6 တစးခုခုက္်ခငး့ဟု 1 မက္သညးံ ်ဖစးရပးအာ့လုဵ့ကိုခ္ဳဵယူ်ပီ့ ေ်ပာရပါမညး၈
P ( Not 1 ) = P ( 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 )
=P(2)+P(3)+P(4)+P(5)+P(6)
1 1 1 1 1 5
= + + + + =
6 6 6 6 6 6
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သိုေသား Event တစးခု ႏြငးံ ၁ငး့၏ Completement of event တို႔၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ႏြစးခု ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့
သညး 1 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
1 1 5
If P ( 1 ) = , then P ( Not 1 ) = 1 – P ( 1 ) = 1 – =
6 6 6
ဟု ေဖား်မဴလာမြတိုကးရိုကးတျကးထုတးလညး့ ရပါသညး၈
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The value of the Probability of an Event
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေ်မြာကးသညး experient တျငး ေခါငး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးရပး ႏြငးံ ပနး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့
သညး equally likely events မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကသ်ဖငးံ probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့တူေန်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၈
အကယး၊ experient တစးခုရြိ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့သညး not equally likely events မ္ာ့်ဖစးေနၾကမညး
ဆိုလ္ြငး အေ်ခအေနတစးမ္ဳိ့ ေ်ပာငး့သျာ့ပါမညး၈ ်မငးသာသညးံ ဥပမာတစးခု ေပ့ပါမညး၈ အလုပးသမာ့
တစးဦ့အလုပးလုပးရငး့တစးထပးတိုကးအ်မငးံေပၚမြ်ပဳတးက္မညးဆိုလ္ြငး ်ပဳတးက္်ခငး့ဆိုသညးံ experiment
တစးခုလုဵ့ႀကီ့တျငး ေသဆုဵ့်ခငး့ ႏြငးံ ရြငး်ခငး့ဆိုသညးံ event ႏြစးခုအနကး အထပးနိမးံသ်ဖငးံ ရြငးရနး
ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့ ပိုမ္ာ့သ်ဖငးံ P ( dead ) ႏြငးံ P ( alive ) တနးဖို့ႏြစးခုအနကး P ( alive ) တနးဖို့က ပိုမ္ာ့
ေနပါမညး၈ သို႔ေသား်ပဳတးက္သညးံအထပးအ်မငးံပိုမ္ာ့လာေလေလ ေသဆုဵ့ဖို႔ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့ပိုမ္ာ့ လာေလေလ
်ဖစး်ပီ့ P ( dead ) တနးဖို့က ပိုမ္ာ့လာေလေလ်ဖစးလာပါမညး၈ P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = 1
်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ဤ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ႏြစးခုကို နီ့စပးရာ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ တနးဖို့ႏြစးခု အတျ်ဲ ဖငးံ ဇယာ့တစးခု ဆျ်ဲ ပပါမညး၈
အထပးအ်မငးံ Probability
ှ ထပး 1 999
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
ဿ ထပး 2 998
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၀ ထပး 10 990
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၁ ထပး 500 500
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၂ ထပး 600 400
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၃ ထပး 900 100
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၄ ထပး 990 10
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၅ ထပး 998 2
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
၆ ထပး 999 1
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
1000 1000
ှွ ထပး ႏြငးံ 1000 0
P ( dead ) + P ( alive ) = + =1
အထကး 1000 1000
အထကးပါဥပမာသညး ်မငးသာေစရနး တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ လိုသလိုယူ်ပထာ့်ခငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ သိုေသား ေသခ္ာ
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သညးတစးခုမြာ အထပးပို်မငးံလာေလေလ ေသဆုဵ့်ခငး့ event ၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး 1 နာ့

ကပးလာေလေလ ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ရြငးႏိုငး်ခငး့ event ၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး 0 နာ့ကပးလာေလေလ
်ဖစးလာမညးံအခ္ကးပငး်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ ဆယးထပးႏြငးံအထကးမြ ်ပဳတးက္သညးဆိုလ္ြငး ေသဆုဵ့်ခငး့
်ဖစးရပးမြာ လုဵ့ွေသခ္ာေသာ ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့၏ Probability တနးဖို့ - P ( dead ) မြာ 1
်ဖစးသျာ့သလို P ( alive ) တနးဖို့မြာ 0 ်ဖစးသျာ့ပါမညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
Experiment တစးခုရြိ
( 1 ) ်ဖစးရနးလုဵ့ွေသခ္ာေသာ်ဖစးရပး - certain event တစးခု၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး 1
်ဖစးသညး။
( 2 ) မ်ဖစးရနးလုဵ့ွေသခ္ာေသာ်ဖစးရပး - impossible event တစးခု၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး 0
်ဖစးသညး။
ဥပမာ - ေရ်ပငးတစးခုထကးသို႔ပစးခ္လိုကးေသာေက္ာကးခဲတစးလုဵ့၏ ေရတျငး

( 1 ) ်မဳတးႏိုငးေသာ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့သညး 1 ်ဖစးၿပီ့ ( 2 ) ေပၚႏိုငးေသာ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့သညး 0 ်ဖစးသညး၈
ထို႔အတူ
Experiment တစးခုရြိ ်ဖစးရပး event တစးခု၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး အနိမးံဆုဵ့ 0 ႏြငးံ

အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ 1 ၾကာ့တျငးသာရြိသညး။ 0 ေအာကး မငယးရ 1 ထကးမႀကီ့ရ။
0 ( သို႔ ) 1 ႏြငးံေတာံ ညီႏိုငးသညး။
0  P ( A )  1 , 0  P ( Not A )  1
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Expected Frequency ( ေမ္ြားမြနး့ႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမးေရ )
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေ်မြာကးသညးံ experiment တျငး ကိစၥတစးခုလုဵ့၏်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို 100% အ်ဖစး ယူဆ
လ္ြငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့ က္ႏိုငးသညးံ်ဖစးရပး ဿ ခုသညး အဆိုပါ experiment တစးခုလုဵ့ကို တစးွကးစီ ဖျ႕ဲ စညး့
ထာ့သညးံ event ႏြစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ 50% စီ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္ရြိပါသညး၈ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ အေၾကျေစံ တစးၾကိမး
1 1
ေ်မြာကးသညးံ်ဖစးရပးကို ေခါငး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ႀကိမး ႏြငးံ ပနး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ႀကိမး ႏြစးခု်ဖငးံ ဖျ႕ဲ စညး့
2 2
1
ထာ့သညးဟုေ်ပာႏိုငးပါသညး၈ အေၾကျေစံတစးၾကိမးေ်မြာကးသညးံ်ဖစးရပးကို ေခါငး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး ႀကိမး
2
( သို႔ ) ေခါငး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးရပးတစးွကး်ဖငးံ ပါွငးဖျ႕ဲ စညး့ထာ့သညးဆိုလ္ြငး အေၾကျေစံဆယးၾကိမး
ေ်မြာကးသညးံ်ဖစးရပးကို ေခါငး့က္သညးံ်ဖစးရပး 5 ႀကိမး်ဖငးံ ပါွငးဖျ႕ဲ စညး့ထာ့သညးဟု ေ်ပာႏိုငးပါသညး၈
တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ အေၾကျေစံဆယးၾကိမးေ်မြာကးလ္ြငး ေခါငး့ 5 ႀကိမးက္ႏိုငးသညးဟုေ်ပာႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ဤသညး
ကို စမး့သပးမႈတစးခုအာ့ အၾကိမးေရတစးခုခုအထိ စမး့သပးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး ်ဖစးလိုသညးံ်ဖစးရပး၏ ေမ္ြားမြနး့
ႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးေရ ( expected frequency ) မညးမ္ြ်ဖစးေပၚမညးနညး့ဟု သုဵ့ပါသညး၈ ဆယးၾကိမး
ေ်မြာကးသညးံ ်ဖစးစဥး၉ ေခါငး့က္ရနး ေမ္ြားမြနး့ႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမးေရကိုလိုခ္ငးလ္ြငး
ေခါငး့က္ဖို႔ေမ္ြားမြနး့ႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးေရ = စမး့သပးမႈတစးႀကိမး၉ေခါငး့က္သညးံအႀကိမး x ်ပဳသညးံအႀကိမးေရ
1
= x 10 = 5 ႀကိမး
2
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ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ event တစးခုအတျကး အၾကိမးေရအစးခုခုရြိ expected frequency ကိုလိုခ္ငးပါက
Number of “event” expected in “__” trails = Probality x number of trails
where trails = toss ( or ) choice ( or ) person ( or )…………………

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Probability တနးဖို့ ( 2 ) မ္ဳိ့
( 1 ) Theoritical Probability ( သီအိုရီ အေ်ခ်ပဳ Probability တနးဖို့ ) ႏြငးံ
( 2 ) Experimental Probability ( လကးေတျ႕အေ်ခ်ပဳ Probability တနးဖို့ )
တို႕်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
𝟏
ဥပမာ အေၾကျေစံ ှ ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးပါက ေခါငး့က္မညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ P ( H ) =
𝟐
𝟏
အေၾကျေစံ ၃ ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးပါက ေခါငး့က္မညးံ ေမ္ြားလငးံႏိုငးသာအၾကိမးေရ = x 6 = 3 ၾကိမး
𝟐
ဤသညးမြာ Theoritical Probability အရ်ဖစးေပၚလာေသာတနးဖို့်ဖစးပါသညး၈ လကးေတျ႕အ်ပငးတျငး
မူ အေၾကျေစံ ၃ ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးပါက ေခါငး့ တစးခါမြ မက္သညးလညး့ရြိမညး၈ ေခါငး့ ၃ ခါလုဵ့ က္သညးလညး့
ရြိမညး၈ ဤသညးမြာ Experimental Probability အရ်ဖစးေပၚလာေသာတနးဖို့်ဖစးပါသညး၈
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Elementary Event
Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့တျငး ပါွငး်ဖစးေပၚေနသညးံ်ဖစးရပးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ကို Event မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚ်ပီ့
အကယး၊ Event တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအတျကး ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ Outcome တနးဖို့ တစးႀကိမးစီသာရြိပါက အဆိုပါ
Event မ္ာ့ကို Elementary Events ( အေ်ခခဵအက္ဆုဵ့်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
ဥပမာ - ( 1 ) အနးစာတုဵ့ပစး်ခငး့ Experiment အတျကး စုဵကိနး့( သို႔ )မကိနး့ က္သညးံ Event ႏြစးခုကို
ၾကညးံပါက စုဵကိနး့မ္ာ့ ( 2,4,6 ) က္သညးံ Event အတျကး်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ Outcome မြာ သုဵ့ႀကိမးႏြငးံ
မကိနး့မ္ာ့ ( 1,3,5 ) က္သညးံ Event အတျကး ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ Outcome မြာ သုဵ့ႀကိမးစီ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့
event ႏြစးခုမြာ Elementary Events မ္ာ့ မဟုတးၾကပါ၈
( 2 ) အကယး၊ ဂဏနး့တစးခုခုက္သညးံ Event မ္ာ့ကိုၾကညးံပါက 1,2,3,4,5,6 ဂဏနး့တစးခုခု
က္သညးံ Event တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအတျကး ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ Outcome မ္ာ့မြာ တစးႀကိမးစီသာ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့
event မ္ာ့မြာ Elementary Events မ္ာ့ ်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
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Sample Space
Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့ကိုဖျဲ႔စညး့ထာ့သညးံ Event အမ္ဳိ့မ္ိ့တို႔၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ ရလဒးအာ့လုဵ့
ပါွငးသညးံအစု ( the set of all possible outcomes ) ကို Sample Space ဟုေခၚသညး၈
ဥပမာ - ( 1 ) အနးစာတုဵ့ပစး်ခငး့ Experiment အတျကး စုဵကိနး့( သို႔ ) မကိနး့ က္သညးံ Event ႏြစးခုကို
ၾကညးံပါက စုဵကိနး့က္သညးံ Event = E ႏြငးံ မကိနး့ = O → Sample Space = { E , O }
( 2 ) အကယး၊ ဂဏနး့တစးခုခုက္သညးံ Event မ္ာ့ကိုၾကညးံပါက Sample Space = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }
မြတးခ္ကး - Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့ကိုဖျဲ႔စညး့ထာ့သညးံ Elementary Events မ္ာ့သညး
အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ mutually exclusive ်ဖစးၾကသညး၈
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အနးစာတုဵ့ပစး်ခငး့အတျကး Sample Space ေခါငး့၇ပနး့လြနး်ခငး့ အတျကး Sample Space
1 3 5
Head Tail
2 4 6
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Collectively Exhaustive Property
Event အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့၊ Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးေစ်ခငး့ ဂုဏးသတၱိ
Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့ကို ဖျ႔စ
ဲ ညး့ထာ့သညးံ Event တစးခုခ္ငး့စီ၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ ေပါငး့
သညးံအခါ 1 ်ဖစးလ္ြငး အဆိုပါေပါငး့်ခငး့တျငး Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့ကိုဖျဲ႔စညး့ထာ့သညးံ Event
တစးခုမြမက္နးရစးဟုေ်ပာႏိုငးပါသညး၈ အကယး၊ Event တစးခုခ္ငး့စီ၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့
ေပါငး့သညးံတိုငး 1 မ်ပညးံေသ့လ္ြငး အဆိုပါ Experiment ႀကီ့တျငး ေပါငး့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့သာမကပဲ
အ်ခာ့မေပါငး့မိသညးံ Event မ္ာ့က္နးေနေသ့သညးဟု နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး၈ ဤဂုဏးသတၱိကို
Event အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့၊ Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးေစ်ခငး့ ( Collectively Exhaustive ) ဂုဏးသတၱိ
ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈ ဥပမာ -
1
( 1 ) အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တျငးေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့က္်ခငး့်ဖစးရပး ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာရြိ်ပီ့ P ( H ) = ႏြငးံ
2
1 1 1
P (T)= ်ဖစး်ပီ့ P ( H ) + P ( T ) = +
= 1 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အဆိုပါ Event ႏြစးခုသညး
2 2 2
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Experiment အာ့ Collectively Exhaustive ်ဖစးေစသညးဟု ေ်ပာပါသညး၈
( 2 ) အနးစာပစး်ခငး့ Experiment တစးခုတျငး 1,2,3,4,5,6 Event ေ်ခာကးခုရြိ်ပီ့
1 1 1 1 1 1
P(1)+P(2)+P(3)+P(4)+P(5)+P(6)= + + + + + =1
6 6 6 6 6 6
်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အဆိုပါ Event ေ်ခာကးခု Collectively Exhaustive ်ဖစးသညး၈
A1 , A2 , A3 , ……………… , An are Events of an Experiment and
if P ( A1 ) + P ( A2 ) + P ( A3 ) + ……………… + P ( An ) = 1
( or )
𝒏 𝒏
P( 𝒊<𝟏 𝑨𝒊 )= 𝒊<𝟏 𝑷 ( 𝑨𝒊 ) = 1
then , A1 , A2 , A3 , ……………… , An are called Collectively Exhaustive
( 2014 ဧရာွတီ ေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့်ဖစးသညးံ The probabilities of three teams , A , B and C ,

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
winning a football competitions are , and respectively . Assuming only
𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟎
Page 210
𝟏𝟑
one tem can win , find the probability that neither A nor C wins. ( Ans;
) ပုစာၦအာ့
𝟐𝟎
မၾကာခဏမြာ့ယျငး့တျကးၾက်ခငး့မြာ ဤ Collectively Exhaustive သေဘာတရာ့အာ့ သတိမမူမိၾက၊
်ဖစးပါသညး၈ )
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Conditional Probability ( ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ာ့ )
တစးခါတစးရဵ Experiment တစးခုမြ Event တစးခုအတျကး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့တနးဖို့ကိုရြာသညးံေနရာတျငး
ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးတစးခုခု ထပးမဵ်ဖညးံစျကးလိုကးသညးံအခါမ္ဳိ့ရြိတတးသညး၈ ထိုအခါမ္ဳိ့တျငး နဂိုရြိရငး့စျဲ ရြာလို
သညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့တနးဖို့လညး့ ေ်ပာငး့လဲသျာ့တတးပါသညး၈ ဤကဲံသို႔ ရြိရငး့စျရ
ဲ ြာလိုသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
တနးဖို့အေပၚတျငး ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးတစးခုခု ထပးမဵ်ဖညးံစျကးလိုကးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ဳိ့ကို ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ာ့ ( Conditional Probabilities ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ာ့
( Conditional Probability ) ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ရြိသညးဟု အၾကမး့အာ့်ဖငးံ မြတးသာ့ထာ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ
(1) Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့၏စုစုေပါငး့်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံရလဒးေပၚတျငးတျကးထုတးယူသညးံ ကနး႔သတး
ခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ႏြငးံ
(2) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအေ်ခအေနတစးခုခုအေပၚတျငး ထပးမဵတျကးထုတးယူသညးံ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
တို႔်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
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(1) Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့၏စုစုေပါငး့်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံရလဒးေပၚတျငး

တျကးထုတးယူသညးံ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
ေဆ့ရုဵတစးခုရြိ အမ္ဳိ့သာ့ 90 ၇ အမ္ဳိ့သမီ့ 110 ပါွငးေသာ ွနးထမး့အစုအေွ့တစးခုအာ့ ေလံလာၾကညံး

သညးံအခါ အမ္ဳိ့သာ့ 90 အနကး 50 မြာ ဆရာွနးမ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ 40 မြာ သူနာ်ပဳမ္ာ့်ဖစးေနသကဲံသို႔
အမ္ဳိ့သမီ့ 110 အနကး 30 မြာ ဆရာွနးမ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ 80 မြာ သူနာ်ပဳမ္ာ့်ဖစးေနမညးဆိုပါစုိ႔၈
Men Women Total

Doctors 50 30 80
Nurses 40 80 120
Total 90 110 200
အထကးပါလူအစုအေွ့မြလူတစးေယာကးကိုဆထ ျဲ ုတးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အမ္ဳိ့သာ့တစးေယာကး်ဖစးမညးံ ်ဖစးတနး

90 𝟗
စျမး့မြာ P ( a man ) = = ဆိုသညးံတနးဖို့ရမညး်ဖစးသညး၈အကယး၊အဆိုပါလူပုဂိၢဳလးသညး
200 𝟐𝟎
အမ္ဳိ့သာ့်ဖစးရမညးံအ်ပငး ဆရာွနးတစးေယာကးပါ်ဖစးရမညးံ အေ်ခအေန ကနး႔သတးခ္ကး ( Condition )
ေလ့တစးခု်ဖငးံပါ ထပးမဵကနး႔သတးလိုကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး ၁ငး့သညး ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
( Conditional Probability ) ေလ့တစးခု်ဖစးလာပါသညး၈
𝟓𝟎 𝟏
P ( a man and a doctor ) = P ( a man  a doctor ) = =
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟒
ဤတျငး P ( a man and a doctor ) ( သို႔ ) P ( a man  a doctor ) ေလ့ကို
ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ( Conditional Probability ) ေလ့ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈အဘယးကဲံသို႔ေသာ
ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ေလ့ ်ဖစးသနညး့ဆိုလ္ြငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့၏
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စုစုေပါငး့်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ All Possible Outcomes မ္ာ့အေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵစဥး့စာ့ယူသညးံ

ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ဳိ့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
(2) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအေ်ခအေနတစးခုခုအေပၚတျငး ထပးမဵတျကးထုတးယူသညးံ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အကယး၊ အဆိုပါလူအစုအေွ့ထဲမြ အမ္ဳိ့သာ့မ္ာ့ခ္ညးံ အလ္ြငးဦ့စျာဖယးထုတးလိုကးမညး၈ ်ပီ့လ္ြငး

အဆိုပါအမ္ဳိ့သာ့အုပးစုထဲမြ ဆရာွနးတစးဦ့ဆျထ
ဲ ုတးလိုသညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကိုရြာလိုသညးဆိုလ္ြငး ၁ငး့သညး
ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ်ပီ့သာ့ အေ်ခအေနတစးခုအေပၚတျငး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ရြာယူသညးံ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပါ
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ Conditional Probability ေလ့်ဖစးလာပါမညး၈၁ငး့အတျကး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ရြာယူရာတျငး
ေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့သာ့အေ်ခအေနကနး႔သတးခ္ကး Condition အေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵ်ပီ့ ရြာယူရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
𝟓𝟎 𝟓
P ( doctor \ man ) = = ဟု ရလာပါမညး၈ ဤတျငး P ( doctor \ man ) ေလ့ကို
𝟗𝟎 𝟗
“The probability of the person chosen being a doctor , given ( the condition ) that
who is a man” - အမ္ဳိ့သာ့မ္ာ့ေရျ့ထုတးထာ့်ပီ့သာ့ ( ကနး႔သတး်ပီ့သာ့ ) အေ်ခအေနမြ
ေရျ့ထုတးလိုကးေသာသူသညး ဆရာွနးတစးေယာကး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ဟု ေခၚပါသညး၈
အတိုခ္ဳဵ႕အာ့်ဖငးံ P ( A \ B ) အာ့ P of A given B ဟုဖတးပါသညး၈ P ( doctor \ man ) တနးဖို့ေလ့

အာ့ Experiment ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့၏ စုစုေပါငး့ Possible Outcomes အေပၚမြတျကးယူခ္ငးသညးဆိုလ္ြငး
𝟓𝟎
𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑷( 𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒏  𝒂 𝒅𝒐𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 )
P ( doctor \ man ) = = 𝟗𝟎 =
𝟗𝟎 𝑷( 𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒏 )
𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟎 𝟗𝟎
ဤတျငး မြာ P ( a man and a doctor ) ၏ ရလဒး်ဖစး်ပီ့ မြာ P ( a man ) ၏
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
ရလဒး်ဖစးေၾကာငး့အထကးတျငး တျကးခဲံ်ပီ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
𝑷( 𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒏  𝒂 𝒅𝒐𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 )
P ( doctor \ man ) = ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာပါမညး၈
𝑷( 𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒏 )
( 1 )Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့၏စုစုေပါငး့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံရလဒးေပၚတျငးတျကးထုတးယူသညးံ Conditional

Probability အာ့ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံပုဵစဵမြာ P ( A  B ) ်ဖစး်ပီ့
( 2 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအေ်ခအေနတစးခုခုအေပၚတျငး ထပးမဵတျကးထုတးယူသညးံ Conditional

Probability အာ့ ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံပုဵစဵမြာ
𝑷( 𝑨  𝑩 ) 𝑷( 𝑩  𝑨 )
P(A\B)= or ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့်ဖစးလာပါမညး၈
𝑷( 𝑩 ) 𝑷( 𝑩 )
* သတိထာ့ရမညးံအခ္ကးမြာ Conditional Probability အာ့ Mutually Exclusive Events

မ္ာ့အေပၚတျငးေရာ Mutually Inclusive Events မ္ာ့ေပၚတျငးပါ တျကးထုတးယူႏိုငးချငးံရြိေန်ခငး့ပငး ်ဖစး
်ပီ့ Mutually Exclusive Events မ္ာ့အေပၚတျငး Conditional Probability အာ့ တျကးထုတးယူ
မညးဆိုပါက ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့တနးဖို့ 0 ်ဖစးလာမညးံအခ္ကးပငး်ဖစးပါသညး၈ အထူ့သတိထာ့ရမညးံ ေနာကး
တစးခ္ကးမြာ Mutually Exclusive Events ႏြငးံ Mutually Exclusive Events မ္ာ့သညး Events
မ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ Conditional Probability သညး အဆိုပါ Event မ္ာ့၏ ရလဒးတနးဖို့ကို ရြာလိုသညးံ
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Probability တနးဖို့သာ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ Events ႏြငးံ Probability သေဘာတရာ့ႏြစးခု မ္ကးေစံမလညး

သျာ့ေစရနး်ဖစးပါသညး၈
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mutually Exclusive , Mutually Inclusive , Dependent and Independent Events
( 1 ) Mutually Exclusive Events ( တ်ပိဳငးနကးမ်ဖစး်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )
်ဖစးရပးႏြစးခု ( သို႔ ) ႏြစးခုထကးပိုေသာ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့သညး စမး့သပးမႈတစးခုေအာကးတျငး တစး်ပိဳငးတညး့
တစးခ္ိနးတညး့ မ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို တ်ပိဳငးနကးမ်ဖစး်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ( Mutually Exclusive
Event ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈ ဥပမာ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံ တစးၾကမးတညး့ေ်မြာကးသညးံ စမး့သတးမႈတစးခုတျငး
ေခါငး့က္်ခငး့ႏြငးံပနး့က္်ခငး့်ဖစးရပးသညး တစး်ပိဳငးတညး့တစးခ္ိနးတညး့ မ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ Mutually
Exclusive Event ်ဖစးသညး၈
( 2 ) Mutually Inclusive Events ( တ်ပိဳငးနကး်ဖစး်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )

တစးခ္ိနးတညး့်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို Mutually Inclusive Event ဟုေခၚသညး၈ ဥပမာ အဵစာ
တုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ တစးၾကမးတညး့ေ်မြာကးသညးံ စမး့သတးမႈတစးခုတျငး စုဵကိနး့ က္်ခငး့ႏြငးံ 3 ၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့
က္်ခငး့်ဖစးရပးသညး 6 ဆိုေသာဂဏနး့အ်ဖစး တစး်ပိဳငးတညး့တစးခ္ိနးတညး့ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ Mutually
Inclusive Event ်ဖစးသညး၈
( 3 ) Independent Events ( ်ဖစးရပးတစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု အမြီအခိုကငး့ေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )

်ဖစးရပးႏြစးခု ( သို႔ ) ႏြစးခုထကးပိုေသာ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့သညး စမး့သပးမႈတစးခုေအာကးတျငး တစးခု်ဖစးေပၚရနး
အ်ခာ့တစးခုေပၚမမြီခိုေနပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို အမြီအခိုကငး့ေသာ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ( Independent Event )
ဟုေခၚသညး၈ ဥပမာ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံကို ဿ ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးသညးံ စမး့သတးမႈတစးခုတျငး ပထမအၾကိမး
ပနး့က္်ခငး့ႏြငးံ ဒုတိယအၾကိမး ပနး့က္်ခငး့်ဖစးရပးသညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု အမြီအခိုကငး့စျာ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ
Independent Event ်ဖစးသညး၈
( 4 ) Dependent Events ( ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု်ဖစးေပၚရနး အ်ခာ့တစးခုေပၚ မြီခိုေနေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )

အ်ခာ့တစးခုေပၚမြီခိုေနပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို Dependent Event ဟုေခၚသညး၈
ဥပမာ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံတညး့ကို ှ ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငး ေခါငး့က္ပါက ပနး့မက္ႏိုငး ပနး့က္ပါက
ေခါငး့မက္ႏိုငး၈ Dependent Event မ္ာ့ အတျကး Probability တနးဖို့အာ့ Conditional
Probability တနးဖို့ေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵတျကးယူရပါမညး၈
P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) x P ( B \ A )
( 1 ) Mutually Exclusive Events

If A and B are mutually exclusive events , then
P ( A or B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) P ( A and B ) = 0
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( 2 ) Mutually Inclusive Events

If A and B are mutually inclusive events , then
P ( A or B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) – P ( A and B )
for Mutually Inclusive Events View ,

Mutually Inclusive Events P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) – P ( A or B )
( or )
for Independent Events View ,
P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) x P ( B )
Dependent and Independent Events

( 3 ) Independent Events
If A and B are independent events, then
P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) x P ( B )
( 4 ) Dependent Events
If A and B are dependent events , then
P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) x P ( B \ A )
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Student Note
Experiment (ကိစၥတစးခု ( သို႔ ) စမး့သပးခ္ကးတစးခု )
သာမာနးအ်ဖစးအပ္ကးတစးခု ၇ ကစာ့ပျတ
ဲ စးခု၇ ေလာငး့ကစာ့ပျဲတစးခု၇ အေ်ခအေနတစးရပးရပး စသညးတို႔ကို
Probability နယးပယးတျငး Experiment ဟု သုဵ့ပါသညး၈ ဥပမာ -
( 1 ) ေန႔တစးေန႔တျငး မို့ရျာ်ခငး့၇ ေနပူ်ခငး့ ( သာမာနးအ်ဖစးအပ္ကးတစးခု )
( 2 ) ေဘာလုဵ့ပျတ
ဲ စးပရျဲ ြိ အသငး့တစးသငး့၏ အႏိုငး၇အရႈဵ့ ( ကစာ့ပျတ ဲ စးခု )
( 3 ) အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံ်ဖငးံေခါငး့၇ပနး့လြနး်ခငး့၈ အဵစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ( ေလာငး့ကစာ့ပျတ
ဲ စးခု )
( 4 ) ေက္ာငး့သာ့တစးေယာကးစာေမ့ပျေ ဲ အာငး်ခငး့မေအာငး်ခငး့ ( အေ်ခအေနတစးရပးရပး )
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Random Experiment ( က္ပနး့ စမး့သပးခ္ကးတစးခု )
အထကးပါ Experiment မ္ာ့သညး မညးကဲံသို႔်ဖစးေစ မညးကဲံသို႔မ်ဖစးေစဟု မညးသူတစးဥိ့တစးေယာကးက
မြ ကိုယးံစိတးတိုငး့က္စီစဥးထာ့ေသာ Experiment မ္ာ့မဟုတးၾကပဲ ၁ငး့တို႔က္ခ္ငးရာ ၾကဳဵရာက္ပနး့
်ဖစးေပၚေနသညးံ အ်ဖစးအပ္ကးမ္ာ့ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့တို႔ကို က္ပနး့စမး့သပးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ( Random
Experiments ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
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Event ( ်ဖစးရပး )
က္ပနး့ စမး့သပးခ္ကး ( Random Experiment ) တစးခုတင
ျ း ပါွငး်ဖစးေပၚေနေသာ ်ဖစးရပးတစးခုကို an
event ဟု ေခၚပါသညး၈ ဥပမာ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံ ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ Experiment တစးခုကို ေခါငး့က္သညးံ
event တစးခု ပနး့က္သညးံ event တစးခု စုစုေပါငး့ event ႏြစးခု်ဖငးံ ဖျ႕ဲ စညး့ထာ့သညး၈
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Outcome ( ရလဒး )
Event တစးခု၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးကို outcomes ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
Event က “ ်ဖစးရပး ” / Outcome က အဲံဒီ်ဖစးရပး်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးတဲံ “ အေရအတျကး ”
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Number of possible outcomes ( ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ရလဒးအေရအတျကး )
Number of possible outcomes ဆိုသညးမြာ ကိစၥတစးခုမ်ဖစးခငး အဆိုပါ ကိစၥ်ဖစးလာပါက
်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ စုစုေပါငး့အေရအတျကးကို ေခၚ်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၈
number = အေရအတျကး / possible = ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ / outcomes = ရလဒး
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Number of favourable outcomes ( လိုခ္ငးေသာ ရလဒးအေရအတျကး )
ကိစၥတစးခုရြိ ်ဖစးလိုေသာ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ စုစုေပါငး့အေရအတျကးကို Number of
favourable outcomes ဟုေခၚသညး၈
number = အေရအတျကး / favourable = ်ဖစးလိုေသာ / outcomes = ရလဒး
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Probability ( ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
ကိစၥတစးခုလုဵ့၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ ရလဒးစုစုေပါငး့အနကး ်ဖစးလိုေသာ်ဖစးရပး ဘယးႏြစးႀကိမး်ဖစးေပၚ
ႏိုငးသနညး့ ရြာသညးံအခ္ဳိ့ကို ထို်ဖစးလိုေသာ ်ဖစးရပး၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ( Probability ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
အ်ဖစးအပ္ကး ( သိ႔ု ) စမး့သပးမႈ တစးခုတျငး ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးစျမး့ =
်ဖစးလိုေသာ်ဖစးရပး၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ အေရအတျကး

်ဖစးရပးၾကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့ရြိ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးေသာ ်ဖစးရပးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့တို႔၏ စုစုေပါငး့အေရအတျကး
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔

Probability of an Event =
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့ကို ဖျ႔စ

ဲ ညး့ထာ့သညးံ Events တစးခုခ္ငး့စီ၏ Probability
အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာ 1 ်ဖစးသညး၈
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Collectively Exhaustive
်ဖစးရပးအာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့်ခငး့သညး Experiment တစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးေစ်ခငး့ ဂုဏးသတၱိ
If an experiment cotains events A,B,C,D,……. , then
P ( all events occur ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) + P ( C ) + P ( D ) + ………. = 1
P ( A ) + P ( Not A ) = 1
P ( A ) = 1 – P ( Not A )
P ( Not A ) = 1 – P ( A )
Experiment တစးခုရြိ
( 1 ) ်ဖစးရနးလုဵ့ွေသခ္ာေသာ်ဖစးရပး ( certain event ) တစးခု၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး
1 ်ဖစးသညး၈
( 2 ) မ်ဖစးရနးလုဵ့ွေသခ္ာေသာ်ဖစးရပး ( impossile event ) တစးခု၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး

0 ်ဖစးသညး၈
( 2 ) Experiment တစးခုရြိ ်ဖစးရပး ( event ) တစးခု၏ Probability တနးဖို့သညး
အနိမးံဆုဵ့ 0 ႏြငးံ အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ 1 ၾကာ့တျငးသာရြိသညး၈
0 ေအာကး မငယးရ 1 ထကးမႀကီ့ရ၈ 0 ( သို႔ ) 1 ႏြငးံေတာံ ညီႏိုငးသညး၈
0P(A)1 / 0  P ( Not A )  1
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Equally likely Events
်ဖစးရပးတစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးေရတူညီေနသညးံအခါ ၁ငးတို႔ကို equally likely events
ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
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Not-equally likely Events
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့သညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးေရ
မတူၾကလ္ြငး ၁ငးတို႔ကို Not equally likely events မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚပါသညး၈
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The most likely Events ( ်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ရြိသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး )
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့အနကး အႀကိမးေရအမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံ
်ဖစးရပးကို the most likely Event ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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The least likely Events (်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္အနညး့ဆုဵ့ရြိသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး )
Experiment တစးခုကို ဖဲ႕ျ စညး့ထာ့ေသာ Event မ္ာ့အနကး အႀကိမးေရအနညး့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးေ်ခရြိသညးံး
်ဖစးရပးကို the least likely Event ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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Mutually Exclusive , Mutually Inclusive , Dependent and Independent Events

( 1 ) Mutually Exclusive Events ( တ်ပိဳငးနကးမ်ဖစး်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )
တစးခ္ိနးတညး့ မ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို တ်ပိဳငးနကးမ်ဖစး်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ( Mutually Exclusive
Event ) ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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( 2 ) Mutually Inclusive Events ( တ်ပိဳငးနကး်ဖစး်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )
တစးခ္ိနးတညး့်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို Mutually Inclusive Event ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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( 3 ) Independent Events ( ်ဖစးရပးတစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု အမြီအခိုကငး့ေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )
အ်ခာ့တစးခုေပၚမမြီခိုေနပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို အမြီအခိုကငး့ေသာ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ( Independent Event )
ဟုေခၚသညး၈
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( 4 ) Dependent Events ( ်ဖစးရပးတစးခု်ဖစးေပၚရနး အ်ခာ့တစးခုေပၚ မြီခိုေနေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ )
အ်ခာ့တစးခုေပၚမြီခိုေနပါက ထို်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ကို Dependent Event ဟုေခၚသညး၈
Mutually Exclusive Events

If A and B are mutually exclusive events , then
P ( A or B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ) P ( A and B ) = 0
Independent Events
If A and B are independent events, then
P ( A and B ) = P ( A ) x P ( B )
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Expected Frequency ( ေမ္ြားမြနး့ႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမးေရ )
Number of “event” expected in “__” trails = Probality x number of trails

or
where trails = toss ( or ) choice ( or ) person ( or )…………………

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Probability သေဘာတရာ့ႏြငးံ ပတးသတး၊ သိသငးံသညးမ္ာ့
( 1 ) Number of favourable outcomes အာ့ ေရ့ႏိုငးသညးံ ပုဵစဵ ဿ မ္ဳိ့
Probability ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျငး ရြာလိုသညးံ်ဖစးရပးအတျကး အေ်ဖထုတးယူသညးံအဆငးံတျကးရာတျငး
( a ) The set of favourable outcomes အာ့ သတးသတးခ္ေရ့်ပီ့ ်ဖစးလိုသညးံ်ဖစးရပး၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငး

သညးံအေရအတျကးကို Number of favourable outcomes မြ တစးဆငးံယူသညးံပုဵစဵႏြငးံ
( b ) P ေနာကးက ကျငး့အတျငး့တျငး Number of favourable outcomes တခါတညး့ခ္ေရ့်ပီ့

်ဖစးလိုသညးံ်ဖစးရပး၏ ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေရအတျကးကို ထိုအေရအတျကးမြတစးဆငးံယူသညးံပုဵစဵ
ဿ မ္ဳိ့ ရြိပါသညး၈ ဥပမာ အဵစာတုဵ့ ှ တုဵ့တညး့အာ့ ှ ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးသညးံ Experiment တျငး

စုဵကိနး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးရပးအတျကး Probability တနးဖို့ရြာယူလိုပါက
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { 1.2,3,4,5,6 }
Number of possible outcomes = 6
ပုဵစဵ ( a ) The set of favourable outcomes = { 2,4,6 }
Number of favourable outcomes = 3
𝟐 𝟏
P ( even number turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
ပုဵစဵ ( b ) 𝟐 𝟏
P ( even number turn up ) = P ( { 2,4,6 } ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
အထကးပါပုဵစဵ ဿ ခုတျငး ပုဵစဵ ( a ) မြာ အထကးတနး့အဆငးံတျငး အသုဵ့မ္ာ့သညးံ ပုဵစဵ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ပုဵစဵ ( b ) မြာ

အထကးတနး့လျနးအဆငးံတျငး သုဵ့ပါသညး၈ ပုဵစဵ ( b ) အာ့ အမြတးေပ့စညး့မ္ညး့အရ ေပ့သညးမေပ့သညး
မေသခ္ာသ်ဖငးံ ကေလ့မ္ာ့အာ့ ရြငး့်ပေပ့ရုဵသာေပ့်ပီ့ ထညးံသုဵ့မခိုငး့မိေစရနး အၾကဵ်ပဳလိုပါသညး၈
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( 2 ) Probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး ၾကညးံလိုသညးံ ရႈေထာငးံေပၚတျငးမြီေနသညး
Probability သေဘာတရာ့ကိုေလံလာ်ခငး့တျငး Experiment ှ ခုတညး့အေပၚ၉ မတူညီသညးံ

ရႈေထာငးံမ္ာ့်ဖငးံ ၾကညးံပါက ၾကညးံလိုသညးံ ရႈေထာငးံအလိုကး Probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့လညး့ ေ်ပာငး့လဲ
သျာ့တတးသညး၈ ဥပမာ အဵစာတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးသညးံ Experiment ှ ခုတညး့အေပၚ၉
( i ) 4 ထကးၾကီ့သညးံကိနး့မ္ာ့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ၾကညးံလိုသညးံ ရႈေထာငးံ်ဖငးံ ၾကညးံပါက
𝟐 𝟏
P( 4 ထကးၾကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ) = P { 5,6 } = =
𝟔 𝟑
( ii ) စဵုကိနး့မ္ာ့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ၾကညးံလိုသညးံ ရႈေထာငးံ်ဖငးံ ၾကညးံပါက
𝟑 𝟏
P( စဵုကိနး့မ္ာ့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ) = P { 2,4,6 } = =
𝟔 𝟐
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ Probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး ၾကညးံလိုသညးံ ရႈေထာငးံေပၚတျငးမြီေနပါသညး၈
Page 218
( 3 ) Probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး အရငး့အ်မစးတစးခုေပၚတျငး မြီေနသညး
ထို႕အတူပငး Experiment ှ ခုသညး စမး့သပးမညးံ ပစၥညး့ အမ္ုဳိ့အစာ့ အရငး့အ်မစး တစးခုအေပၚတျငး

မြီေန်ပနးပါသညး၈ ထိုအခါ အရငး့အ်မစးကို ဿ မ္ဳိ့ ထပးခႏ
ျဲ ိုငး်ပနးပါသညး၈ ယငး့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့မြာ
( 1 ) ပုဵေသ်ဖစး်ပီ့ မေ်ပာငး့လဲႏိုငးသညးံ အရငး့အ်မစး ( Source အေသ ) မ္ာ့

ဥပမာ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံေပၚရြိေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့သညး ပထမ ှၾကိမးေ်မြာကးလဲ ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့ ဒုတိယ ှၾကိမးလဲ
ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့ ဘယးႏြစးၾကိမးေ်မြာကးေ်မြာကး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့သာက္ေနမညးံ စမး့သပးမႈတိုငး့အတျကး မေ်ပာငး့
လဲေသာ ရလဒးမ္ာ့ကို်ဖစးေစသညးံ ပုဵေသအရငး့အ်မစး ( Source အေသ ) မ္ာ့ ်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
( 2) ေ်ပာငး့လဲႏိုငးသညးံ အရငး့အ်မစး ( Source အရြငး ) မ္ာ့

ဥပမာ အိတးတစးအိတးထဲရြိ ေဂၚလီလုဵ့၇ ကတး်ပာ့၇ ပစၥညး့တစးခုခု စသညံး အရာွတၳဳအစုအေွ့ တစးခုခု၇
အုပးစုတစးစုထဲရြိ လူအေရအတျကးစသညးံ ပုဂၢဳိလးအေွ့တစးခုခု စသညးတို႔သညး ပထမ ှၾကိမး ဆျထ
ဲ ုတး်ပီ့
ေနာကး ေနာကးတစးၾကိမးဆျထ
ဲ ုတး်ခငး့အတျကး ပထမထုတးယူထာ့ေသာ အရာအာ့ ်ပနးထညးံယူမညး
မယူမညး ေ်ပာငး့လဲခင
ျ ံးအာ့ ကိုယးံစိတးၾကိဳကးေ်ပာငး့လဲချငးံရြိေသာေၾကာငးံ ေ်ပာငး့လဲႏိုငးသညးံအရငး့အ်မစး
( Source အရြငး ) မ္ာ့ ်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
ထို Source အေသ ႏြငးံ Source အရြငး ဿ မ္ဳိ့လုဵ့ကိုပငး

( i ) ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့ရြိသညးံ Source မ္ဳိ့ ႏြငးံ
( ii ) ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့ထကးမကရြိသညးံ Source မ္ဳိ့ ဟူ၊ ထပးခႏ
ျဲ ိုငးပါေသ့သညး၈
ဥပမာ Source အေသမ္ာ့်ဖစးသညးံ အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ႏြငးံ အဵစာပစး်ခငး့တျငး အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့
တျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့က္်ခငး့ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့သာ်ဖစးေပၚႏိူငးေသားလညး့ အဵစာပစး်ခငး့တျငး ဂဏနး့
တစးခုခုက္်ခငး့အတျကး 1,2,3,4,5,6 အေ်ခအေန ၃ မ္ဳိ့ ( သို႔ ) ဿ မ္ဳိ့ထကးမကရြိပါသညး၈
ထိုအေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့မြတစးဆငးံ Probability ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာ၉ ထိုပုစာၦရြိ တျကးလိုသညးံ Probability

တနးဖို့သညး ( i ) ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့ရြိသညးံ Source မ္ဳိ့လာ့ ( ii ) ်ဖစးေပၚ
ႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့ထကးမကရြိသညးံ Source မ္ဳိ့လာ့ ဟူ၊ အုပးစု ဿ စု ်ပနးခထ
ျဲ ုတးႏိုငးပါသညး၈
Source အမ္ဳိ့အစာ့တူသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး Probability တနးဖို့တျကးထုတးယူရမညးံပုဵစဵသညး
အတူတူပငး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ေအာကးတျငး ဥပမာအနညး့ငယး်ဖငးံ ချ်ဲ ပပါမညး၈
်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေ်ခအေန ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေ်ခအေန
ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့ရြိသညးံ Source မ္ဳိ့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့ထကးမကရြိသညးံ Source မ္ဳိ့
Source ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေ်ခအေန Source ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအေ်ခအေန
အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ေခါငး့ ပနး့ အဵစာပစး်ခငး့ 1,2,3,4,5,6 ( ဿ မ္ဳိ့မက )
ကေလ့ေမျ့်ခငး့ Boy Girl ကေလ့၏ေမျ့ေန႔ ၄ ရကး ၄ မ္ဳိ့
ေက္ာငး့သာ့ှေယာကး ေအာငး ရႈဵ့ ေက္ာငး့သာ့၀ေယာကး ညဵံ၇ သငးံ၇ ေကာငး့
စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ ်ဖ်ခငး့ စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ ်ဖ်ခငး့
်ပိဳငးပက
ျဲ စာ့်ခငး့ ႏိုငး ရႈဵ့ ႏိုငး၇သေရ၇ရႈဵ့
အုပးစုတစးစုထမ
ဲ ြ Boy Girl အလုပးေလ္ြာကးသူမ္ာ့ လိုေသာအေရအတျကးအတိုငး့
လူေရျ့ထုတး်ခငး့ Man Woman ထဲမြ လုပးသာ့ေခၚ်ခငး့
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အထကးပါ Source ဿ မ္ဳိ့အလိုကးလိုခ္ငးသညးံ Probability တနးဖို့ကျ်ဲ ပာ့သျာ့ပုဵကို ေအာကးတျငး ဥပမာ

ေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး၈
အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး ယခုေဖား်ပထာ့ေသာ ်ဖစးရပး ဿ မ္ဳိ့အနကး အေ်ခအေန ဿ

မ္ဳိ့ တညး့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး်ဖစးသညးံ အေၾကျေစံ ေ်မြာကး
အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ သညးံ ်ဖစးရပးတင
ျ း အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့ ရြိသ်ဖငးံ ေခါငး့
ေခါငး့ ပနး့ မက္်ခငး့ဟုဆိုပါက ပနး့က္်ခငး့ဟုတနး့ေ်ပာႏိုငးေသားလညး့
အေ်ခအေန ၂မ္ဳိ့မက ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး်ဖစးသညးံေက္ာငး့
အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့မက ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပး သာ့ ၀ ေယာကး စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ ်ဖ်ခငး့ ကိစၥတင
ျ းမူ ေက္ာငး့သာ့
၀ ေယာကး စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ အာငး်ခငး့၏ ဆနးက္ငးဘကး်ဖစးရပးဟု
ေက္ာငး့သာ့ ၃ေယာကး ( A,B,C ) စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ ်ဖ်ခငး့
ဆိုပါက၃ေယာကးလုဵ့ရဵႈ့်ခငး့ဟုတနး့ေ်ပာချငးံမရြိေတာံပဲ က္နး
A ေအာငး B ေအာငး C ေအာငး
်ဖစးရပး ၄ ခုလုဵ့သညး ေက္ာငး့သာ့ ၀ ေယာကး စာေမ့ပျဲ
A ေအာငး B ေအာငး C ရႈဵ့း ေအာငး်ခငး့၏ ဆနးက္ငးဘကး ်ဖစးရပးဟု ဆိုႏိုငးပါသညး။
A ေအာငး B ရႈဵ့ C ေအာငး တစးခုသတိထာ့ရမညး့အခ္ကးမြာ Probability သညး
A ေအာငး B ရႈဵ့ C ရႈဵ့ စကာ့လုဵ့သုဵ့စျမ
ဲ ႈ အလျနး Sensitive ်ဖစးသညးံအတျကး ွါက္
A ရႈဵ့ B ေအာငး C ေအာငး မ္ာ့ေရ့ရာတျငး စကာ့လုဵ့ေလ့တစးလုဵ့ကအစ အလျနးသတိ
A ရႈဵ့ B ေအာငး C ရႈဵ့ ထာ့ရနးလိုပါသညး။ ေအာကးတျငးေရ့ေပ့ထာ့သညးမ္ာ့ကို
A ရႈဵ့ B ရႈဵ့ C ေအာငး ေလံလာၾကညးံပါ။
A ရႈဵ့ B ရႈဵ့ C ရႈဵ့

A ရႈဵ့
ေက္ာငး့သာ့၃ေယာကးစာေမ့ပျဲေအာငး်ခငး့၏ဆနးက္ငးဘကး
The three students not pass the examination
= { ( A ေအာငး,B ေအာငး,C ရႈဵ့ ),( A ေအာငး,B ရႈဵ့,C ေအာငး),( A ေအာငး,B ရႈဵ့,C ရႈဵ့ ) ,
( A ရႈဵ့,B ေအာငး,C ေအာငး ),( A ရႈဵ့,B ေအာငး,C ရႈဵ့ ),( A ရႈဵ့,B ရႈဵ့ ,C ေအာငး ),( A ရႈဵ့,B ရႈဵ့,C ရႈဵ့ )}
ေက္ာငး့သာ့၃ေယာကးလုဵ့စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ အာငး်ခငး့၏ဆနးက္ငးဘကး
All the three students not pass the examination = {( A ရႈဵ့,B ရႈဵ့,C ရႈဵ့ )}
အထကးပါဥပမာေလ့မြတစးဆငးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့တညး့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့၏ ဆနး႔က္ငးဘကး ်ဖစးရပး

ႏြငးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿမ္ဳိ့မက်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့၏ ဆနး႔က္ငးဘကး်ဖစးရပးယူဆပုဵကို နာ့လညးႏိုငးမညး ်ဖစး
ပါသညး၈ Probability သေဘာတရာ့အတျကး အေသ့စိတး ေရ့သာ့ရနးမြာ အလျနးက္ယး်ပနး႔သညးံအတျကး
လတးတေထာ သိရနးလိုအပးသညးမ္ာ့ကိုသာ တတးႏိုငးသမ္ြ အက္ဥး့ရုဵ့ တငး်ပေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
ေနာကးဆုဵ့ေန်ဖငးံ သိထာ့ရနးမြာ Probability ပုစာၦတစးခု၏ possible outcomes အေရအတျကးကို တနး့
သိလိုပါက
ပစၥညး့အေရအတျကး
Number of possible outcome = ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာအေ်ခအေန
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့မြ ရြာယူႏိုငး်ခငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ကေလ့ ၀ ေယာကေမျ့ပါက ေမျ့ႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန ဿ

မ္ဳိ့ ( ေယာက္းာ၇မိနး့မ ) ၇ ေမျ့မညးံအေရအတျကး ၀ ေယာကး ( ၀ ဆငးံ ) ထိုေၾကာငးံ
3
Number of possible outcome = 2 = 8 မ္ဳိ့
Page 220
Probability ပုစာၦတျကးရနးအဆငးံမ္ာ့
( 1 ) ( a ) ပုစာၦတျငး Possible Outcomes ကို List လုပးခိုငး့ပါက
The set of all possible outcomes / Number of posssible outcomes ေရ့
( b ) List မလုပးခိုငး့လာပါက ေရ့ရမညးံ အေရအတျကး အရမး့မ္ာ့လ္ြငး
Number of posssible outcomes သာေရ့
မမ္ာ့ပါက the set of all possible outcomes ေရ့ခ္ငးေရ့
( 2 ) P ( ေမ့ခ္ကးရြိ probability of / that ေနာကးကစာေရ့ ) = ?
( 3 ) The set of all favourable outcomes / Number of favourable outcomes ေရ့
( 4 ) ေဖား်မဴလာေရ့  Probability =
( 5 ) အဆငးံ 2 အာ့ ်ပနးေရ့်ပီ့ အစာ့သျငး့တျကး
ပုစာၦတစးပုဒးအတျကး Number of posssible outcomes ႏြငးံ ေဖား်မဴလာအာ့ တစးႀကိမးသာေရ့ရနး
လိုသညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 1 ) အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့မက ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပးဆိုငးရာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
One Dice Problems
𝟏
1. If a die is thrown , the probability of getting a number greater than x is , then
𝟐
find the value of x .
Soluton
𝟏 𝟑
P ( getting a number greater than x ) = =
𝟐 𝟔
𝟓
P ( getting a number greater than 1 ) =
𝟔
𝟒 𝟐
P ( getting a number greater than 2 ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
𝟑 𝟏
𝟔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏
𝟔 𝟑
𝟏
P( getting a number greater than x ) = P( getting a number greater than 3 ) =
𝟐
x=3
2nd Method
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }
𝟏
P ( getting a number greater than x ) =
𝟐
for P ( getting a number greater than 3 ) ,
The set of all favourable outcomes = { 4,5,6 }
Page 221

𝟑 𝟏
𝟔 𝟐
 P ( getting a number greater than x ) = P ( getting a number greater than 3 )
x=3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
( a ) If a die is thrown , the probability of getting a number greater than 13x –
𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
is , then find the value of x. ( Ans ; x = )
𝟑 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If a die is thrown , find the probability of
( i ) getting a factor of 108
( ii ) getting a perfect square
( iii ) getting a prime number
( iv ) the number turns up is greater than 4
( v ) the number turns up is not greater than 4
( vi ) the number which is not divisible by 2 ( အဆငးေ်ပရာ အတျဲ်ဖငးံ ေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ )
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 }
( i ) P ( getting a factor of 108 ) = ?
The set of all favourable outcomes = { 1,2,3,4,6 } factors of 108
Number of favourable outcomes = 5 1x108 , 2x54 , 3x36 ,
4x27 , 6x18 , 9x12 , …
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
P (A ) = အနးစာတဵု့တျငး 1 to 6 သာရြိသ်ဖငံး
𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔 6 x 18 အထိသာ ယူပါမညး။
𝟓
P ( getting a factor of 108 ) =
𝟔
Perfect Square
2 2 2
( ii ) P ( getting a perfect square ) = ? 1 = 1 , 2 = 4 , 3 = 9 , …..
The set of all favourable outcomes = { 1,4 } မြ 1 , 4 , 9 , 16 , … ကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို
Number of favourable outcomes = 2 ႏြစးထပးကိနး့တိ
𝟐 𝟏 ( perfect square numbers )
P ( getting a perfect square ) = =
𝟔 𝟑 မ္ာ့ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။
( iii ) P ( getting a prime number ) = ?
is not greater than
Number of favourable outcomes = 3 is not less than
𝟑 𝟏 ဆိုလ္ြငး
P ( getting a prime number ) = =
𝟔 𝟐 ေပ့သညးံတနးဖို့ ထညးံယူ
is greater than
( iv ) P ( the number turns up is greater than 4 ) = ? is not less than ဆိုလ္ြငး
The set of all favourable outcomes = { 5,6 }
ေပ့သညးံတနးဖို့ထညးံမယူရ
Page 222
𝟐 𝟏
P ( the number turns up is greater than 4 ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
( v )P ( the number turns up is not greater than 4 ) = ?

The set of all favourable outcomes = { 1,2,3,4 }
𝟒 𝟐
P ( the number turns up is not greater than 4 ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
( vi ) P ( the number which is not divisible by 2 ) = ?

𝟑 𝟏
P (the number which is not divisible by 2 ) = =
𝟔 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Three face of a fair die are yellow , two face red and one face blue. The die is toss
three time , find the probability that the colours yellow , red and blue appear in the
first , second and third repectively.
အဵစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့၏ မ္ကးႏြာ်ပငးသုဵ့ဖကးအာ့အွါေရာငး၇ ႏြစးဖကးအာ့အနီ၇ တစးဖကးအာ့အ်ပာ ခ္ယးထာ့
သညး၈ အဵစာတုဵ့အာ့ သုဵ့ႀကိမးေ်မြာကးလ္ြငး ပထမအႀကိမး အွါ၇ ဒုတိယအႀကိမး အနီ၇ တတိယအႀကိမး
အ်ပာ က္ႏိုငးသညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကိုရြာပါ၇
Solution
𝟑 𝟏
P ( yellow face turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟐
𝟐 𝟏
P ( red face turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
𝟏
P ( blue face turn up ) =
𝟔
P ( 1st toss is yellow face and 2nd toss is red face and 3rd toss is blue face )
= P ( 1st toss is yellow face ) x P ( 2nd toss is red face ) x P ( 3rd toss is blue face )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= x x =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected frequency on rolling a die Problems
4. A die is roll 360 times. Find the expected frequency of
( i ) a factor of 6 turn up. ( Ans ; 240 )
( ii ) a prime number turn up. ( Ans ; 180 )
( iii ) If all the score obtain in these 360 trails are add together , what is the
expected total score ?
Solution
( i ) P ( a factor of 6 turn up ) = ?
The set of all favourable outcomes = { 1,2,3,6 }
Page 223

𝟒 𝟐
P ( a factor of 6 turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
𝟐
The expected frequency of “ a factor of 6 turn up ” in 360 times rolling = x 360
𝟑
= 240
( ii ) a prime number turn up = ?
𝟑 𝟏
P ( a factor of 6 turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟐
The expected frequency of “ a prime number turn up ” in 360 times rolling
𝟏
= x 360 = 180
𝟐
Expected Score
စမး့သပးသညးံ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးတစးခုခု ( အထကးပါပုစာၦတျငး အႀကိးမး 360 ) တျငး
ကိနး့ဂဏနး့တစးခု်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံအႀကိမးေရႏြငးံ အဆိုပါ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့၏ တနးဖို့တို႔ေ်မြာကးလဒး
Expected Total Score

စမး့သပးမႈတျငးပါွငးသညးံ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့အာ့လုဵ့၏ အဆိုပါေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့၏ ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့
𝟏
( iii ) P ( 1 ) = P ( 2 ) = P ( 3 ) = P ( 4 ) = P ( 5 ) = P ( 6 ) =
𝟔
𝟏
The expected frequency of individual event = x 360 = 60
𝟔
The expected total score = 60 ( 1 ) + 60 ( 1 ) + 60 ( 3 ) +60 ( 4 ) +60 ( 5 ) +60 ( 6 )
= 60 ( 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 ) = 60 x 21 = 1260
( a ) rolled 90 times , the expected frequency of not a prime number. Ans ; 30
( b ) rolled 90 times , the expected frequency of a number divisible by 3 . Ans ; 12

.
( c ) rolled 120 times , the expected frequency of getting an odd number . Ans ; 40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. rolled x times , the expected frequency of a number which is multiple of 3 is 30,
find the expected frequency of a number not greater than 3.
Solution
P ( multiple of 3 turn up ) = ?
The set of all favourable outcomes = { 3,6 }
𝟐 𝟏
P ( multiple of 3 turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟑
Page 224
𝟏 𝒙
The expected frequency of “ multiple of 3 turn up ” in x times rolling = (x)=
𝟑 𝟑
By given ,
𝒙
= 30 and x = 90
𝟑
P ( a number not greater than 3 turn up ) = ?
𝟑 𝟏
P ( a number not greater than 3 turn up ) = =
𝟔 𝟐
𝟏
The expected frequency of “ multiple of 3 turn up ” in 90 times rolling = ( 90 )
𝟐
= 45
( a ) rolled k times , the expected frequency of a number which is not less than 3 is
120, find the expected frequency of a number not greater than 2? Ans ; 60
( b ) rolled x times , the expected frequency of a number divisible by 3 turns up is

30. then n is Ans ; 90
( c ) rolled k times , the expected frequency of getting a factor of 6 is 240 , then k ?

Ans ; 360
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two Dice Problems
6. A blue die ( or ) 1st die and black die ( or ) 2nd die are rolled. Find the probability
of ( 1 ) the total score on the two dice is 2 , 3 , 4 , …………., 12 and are they equally
likely. What is the most likely and the least likely score on rolling two dice. ( Text )
( အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တျငး 1st die , 2nd die ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ရြိသလို blue die , black die
ပုစာၦမ္ာ့လညး့ ရြိပါသညး၈မညးသို႔ရြိရြိ blue die သညး ေရြ႕တျငးရြိသညးံ အနးစာတုဵ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ 1st die ႏြငးံ
အတူတူပဲ်ဖစးကာ black die သညး ေနာကးတျငးရြိသညးံ အနးစာတုဵ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ 2nd die ႏြငးံ
အတူတူပဲ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ Table တစးခုတညး့တျငး blue die / 1st die ႏြငးံ
black die / 2nd die အတျလ ဲ ိုကးယူထာ့ၿပီ့ Text ႏြငးံ ေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့မြ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ေရာ
်ဖညးံစျကးပုစာၦမ္ာ့ပါ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့ တစးစုတညး့ တျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး၈ )
Black dies ( or ) 2nd die

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Page 225
Total The set of favourable outcomes No of Score is

Score Outcomes Even Odd Prime
2 ( 1,1 ) 1 √ √
3 ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 ) 2 √ √
4 ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 ) 3 √
5 ( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ) 4 √ √
6 ( 1,5 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,2 ),( 5,1 ) 5 √
7 ( 1,6 ),( 2,5 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 6,1 ) 6 √ √
8 ( 2,6 ),( 3,5 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,2 ) 5 √
9 ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) 4 √
10 ( 4,6 ),( 5,5 ),( 6,4 ) 3 √
11 ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 ) 2 √ √
12 ( 6,6 ) 1 √
𝟏
P ( total score on the two dice is 2 ) = P ( 2 ) = P ( {( 1,1 )} ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟐 𝟏
P ( 3 ) = P ( { ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 𝟏
P ( 4 ) = P ( { ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝟏
P ( 5 ) = P ( { ( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
𝟓
P ( 6 ) = P ( { ( 1,5 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,2 ),( 5,1 ) } ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟔 𝟏
P ( 7 ) = P ( { ( 1,6 ),( 2,5 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 6,1 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟔
𝟓
P ( 8 ) = P ( { ( 2,6 ),( 3,5 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,2 ) } ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟒 𝟏
P ( 9 ) = P ( { ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
𝟑 𝟏
P ( 10 ) = P ( { ( 4,6 ),( 5,5 ),( 6,4 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
𝟐 𝟏
P ( 11 ) = P ( { ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟖
𝟏
P ( 12 ) = P ( { ( 6,6 ) } ) =
𝟑𝟔
No , they are not equally likely.
The most likely score = 7 , The least likely score = 2 and 12
( အႀကိမးေရ အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးေပၚေသာ်ဖစးရပး ) ( အႀကိမးေရ အနညး့ဆုဵ့်ဖစးေပၚေသာ်ဖစးရပး )
Page 226
Individual Scores ( ရလဒးတစးခုခ္ငး့စီ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ )

7. The score on one die is prime and the score on other is even. ( Old Question )
အဵစာတုဵ့ တစးခုသညး Prime number ်ပ်ပီ့
အ်ခာ့တစးခုသညး Even Number က္ႏုိငးေသာ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
စဥး့စာ့နညး့
ပုစာၦတျငး အနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့က Prime number က္်ပီ့ အ်ခာ့တစးခုသညး Even Number
က္ရမညးဟုသာ ဆိုထာ့်ပီ့ မညးသညးံအနးစာတုဵ့က Prime number က္်ပီ့ မညးသညးံးအနးစာတုဵ့က
Even Number က္ရမညးဟု တိတိက္က္ မေ်ပာထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့ Prime number ႏြငးံ
ေနာကးအနးစာတုဵ့က Even Number အတျဲ ်ဖစးႏိုငးသလို ေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့ Even number ႏြငးံ
ေနာကးအနးစာတုဵ့က Prime Number အတျလ ဲ ညး့်ဖစးႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ေအာကးတျငး်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာအတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ကို
Table မၾကညးံပဲ ထုတးယူ်ပထာ့ပါသညး၈ ( 2,2 ) သညး ႏြစးခါပါသ်ဖငးံ တစးခါသာယူပါမညး၈
1st die 2nd 1st die 2nd die

Possible Outcomes the set of favourable
die
outcomes
Prime Even Even Prime
( 2,2 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,6 ) ( 2,2 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,5 )
2,3,5 2,4,6 ( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,6 ) 2,4,6 2,3,5 ( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,5 )
( 5,2 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 ) ( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,5 )
( 2,2 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,6 ),
17
( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,5 )
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { (2 , 2 ),( 2 , 3 ),( 2 , 4 ),( 2 , 5 ),( 2 , 6 ),( 3 , 2 ),
( 3 ,4 ) ,( 3 , 6 ), ( 4 , 2 ),( 4 , 3 ),( 4 , 5 ),( 5 , 2 ),( 5 , 4 ),( 5 , 6 ) ,( 6 , 2 ),( 6 , 3 ), ( 6 , 5 ) }
𝟏𝟕
P ( the score on one die is prime and the score on other is even ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. The score on 1st die is prime and 2nd die is even.
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ Prime Number ႏြငးံ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ စုဵကိနး့ ်ဖစးေနေသာ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
1st die 2nd die

Possible Outcomes
Prime Even
( 2,2 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,6 )
2,3,5 2,4,6 ( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,6 )
( 5,2 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 )
( 2,2 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,6 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,6 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 )
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes =
{ ( 2,2 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,6 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,6 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 ) }
𝟗 𝟏
P ( the score on 1st die is prime and 2nd die is even ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟒
( 4 ) 1st die show even number and 2nd die is odd. ( Old Question )
Page 227
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့စုဵကိနး့ ေနာကးတနးဖို့မ‟ကိနး့်ဖစးရမညးဟု တိတိက္က္ေပ့ထာ့သညး၈
1st die 2nd die the set of favourable outcomes

Even odd
2 1,3,5 ( 2,1 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,5 )
4 1,3,5 ( 3,1 ),( 3,3 ),( 3,5 )
6 1,3,5 ( 6,1 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,5 )
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 2,1 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,5 ), ( 3,1 ),( 3,3 ),( 3,5 ),
( 6,1 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,5 ) }
𝟗 𝟏
P ( 1st die show even number and 2nd die is odd ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. blue die show the score 4 or black die show 4. ( Old Question )
ဥပမာ ပုစာၦတျငး အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 6 ( သို႔ ) ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 6 ်ဖစးေနသညးံ အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ဟုသာ ေပ့လာလ္ြငး ( 4,6 ) အတျဲ ႏြငးံ ( 6,4 ) အတျဲသာ
ယူရပါမညး၈သ႔ိုေသား ပုစာၦတျငး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ ( ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ်ဖစးခ္ငးတာ်ဖစး) ်ဖစးေနသညးံအတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
( သို႔ ) ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ ( ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ ်ဖစးခ္ငးတာ်ဖစး) ်ဖစးေနသညးံအတျမဲ ္ာ့ ဟုေပ့လာသ်ဖငးံ
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ ( ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ်ဖစးခ္ငးတာ်ဖစး) ်ဖစးေနသညးံအတျမ ဲ ္ာ့
( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,4 ),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 )
ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ ( ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ ်ဖစးခ္ငးတာ်ဖစး) ်ဖစးေနသညးံအတျမ ဲ ္ာ့
( 1,4 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,4 ) ဟုယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ( 4,4 ) ႏြစးခုလုဵ့တျငး ထပးေနသ်ဖငးံ
တစးခါသာယူပါမညး၈ Table မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes
= { ( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,4 ),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,4 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,4 ) }
𝟏𝟏
P ( blue die show the score 4 or black die show 4 ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. getting a 1 on the blue die ( 1st die ) or a 6 on the black die ( 2nd die )
အ်ပာေရာငးအနးစာတုဵ့ ( ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ ) 1 ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငးအနးစာတုဵ့ ( ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ) ဘာက္က္ ( သို႔ )
အနကးေရာငးအနးစာတုဵ့ ( ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ) 6 ႏြငးံ အ်ပာေရာငးအနးစာတုဵ့ ( ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ ) ဘာက္က္ ်ဖစးမညးံ
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ( Text )
Page 228

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes
= { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ), ( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ),( 2,6 ),( 3,6 ),( 4,6 ), ( 5,6 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟏
P ( getting a 1 on the 1st die or a 6 on the 2nd die ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. getting a 1 on the first die or a 6 on the first die ( Text )
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 1 ႏြငးံ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ဘာက္က္ ( သို႔ ) 6 ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ဘာက္က္ ်ဖစးမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့

ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ကိုသာ တိတိက္က္ေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ကိုတိတိက္က္မေပ့ထာပါ၈
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့ 1 ႏြငးံ 6 က္သညးံ အတနး့ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ ယူပါမညး၈
1 1,2,3,4,5,6 ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 )
6 1,2,3,4,5,6 ( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 6,6 )
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ),
( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟐 𝟏
P ( getting a 1 on the 1st die or a 6 on the 1st die ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 229
12. getting the score on the first die is 1 and second die is greater than 4.
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 1 ႏြငးံ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ( Text )
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes = { ( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ) }
𝟐
P ( getting the score on the first die is 1 and second die is greater than 4 ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟏
( Table မြ တျကးယူမ်ပေတာံပါ၈ ) =
𝟏𝟖
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. getting the score on the first die is greater than 3 and second die is less than 4
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 3 ထကးႀကီ့်ပီ့ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ေအာကးငယးသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 3 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညး ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ  ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ = 4,5,6
ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ေအာကးရမညး ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ  ေနာကးတနးဖို့ = 1,2,3
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 )
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ကိနး့တျမ

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
= { ( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ) }
P ( getting the score on the first die is greater than 3 and second die is less than 4 )
𝟗 𝟏
= =
𝟑𝟔 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. getting the score on the first die is greater than 4
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ထကးႀကီ့်ပီ့ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ ဘာ်ဖစး်ဖစး ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အာ့ ရြာေပ့ရပါမညး၈

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Page 230
Blue die 3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)

Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes = { ( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ), ( 5,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 5,6 ),
( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
P ( getting the score on the first die is greater than 3 and second die is less than 4 )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏
= =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. the score on the second die is greater than that on the first die.
ေနာကးတနးဖို့သညး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ( Old Question )
ေနာကးတနးဖို့သညး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ
1 အတနး့တျငး ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ), ( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ) ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အနကး ( 1,2 ) မြ ေနာကးသို႔
စယူပါမညး၈
2 အတနး့တျငး ( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),( 2,3 ), ( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ) ကိနး့တဲမ
ျ ္ာ့အနကး ( 2,3 ) မြ ေနာကးသို႔
1 အတနး့  ( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ), ( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 )
2 အတနး့  ( 2,3 ), ( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 )
3 အတနး့  ( 3,4 ),( 3,5 ),( 3,6 )
4 အတနး့  ( 4,5 ),( 4,6 )
5 အတနး့  ( 5,6 )
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue die
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
Or
1st die 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
={ ( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 )( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,5 ),( 3,6 ),
( 4,5 ) ,( 4,6 ),( 5,6 ) }
Page 231
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
P ( getting blue die ( 1st die ) is greater than black die ( 2nd die ) ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. getting blue die ( 1st die ) is greater than black die ( 2nd die ). ( Text )
( or ) getting black die ( 2nd die ) is less than blue die ( 1st die ).
ေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့တနးဖို့သညး ေနာကးအနးစာတုဵ့တနးဖို့ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes = { ( 2,1 ),( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,2 )( 4,3 ),( 5,1 ),
( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ) }
𝟓
Ans;
𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. one die show greater number than other die
အနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေပၚရြိတနးဖို့ အ်ခာတစးတုဵ့ေပၚရြိတနးဖို့ထကးႀကီ့မညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဘယး အနးစာတုဵ့တနးဖို့ကႀကီ့ရမညးဟု တိတိက္က္ မေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့တနးဖို့က ႀကီ့ရငးႀကီ့
ေနာကးအနးစာတုဵ့တနးဖို့က ႀကီ့ရငးႀကီ့ တစးခုခုႀကီ့ေနသညးံ အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ကို ယူေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ တစးခုက
တစးခုထကးမႀကီ့သညးံ ( ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ ညီေနသညးံ ) ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့ကို ဖယးေပ့ရပါမညး၈ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ
ဤေမ့ချနး့သညး both dice show different number ႏြငးံ အတူတူပငး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ both dice
show different number အတျကး အေ်ဖကို ေအာကးတျငး တျကးေပ့်ပီ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံဤေမ့ချနး့ကို
၁ငး့မြသာတျကးထုတးယူလညး့ရပါသညး၈ Table မြ ယူႏိုငးေသားလညး့ The set of all favourable
outcomes အတျကး အခု 30 ေရ့ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ယူလိုက ယူႏိုငးေစရနး Table ဆျ်ဲ ပထာ့ပါသညး၈
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
P ( one die show greater number than other die )
= P ( both die show the difference number )
= 1 – P ( both die show the same number )
𝟏 𝟓
=1 – =
𝟔 𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. the score on the first die is 2 less than that on the second die. ( Old Question )
the score on the second die is 2 more than that on the first die
the score on the second die exceeds the first die by 2
ပထမအဵစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိတနးဖို့သညး ဒုတိယအဵစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိတနးဖို့ထကး 2 ငယးသညးံ ရလဒးအတျ်ဲ ဖစးတနးစျမး့
Page 232
ပုစာၦတျငး အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့သညး ေနာကးတနးဖို့ထကး 2 ငယးရမညးဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 1 ဆိုလ္ငး ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 3 ၇ ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 2 ဆိုလ္ငး ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ၇
ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 3 ဆိုလ္ငး ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 5 ၇ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ဆိုလ္ငး ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 6
စုစုေပါငး့ ေလ့ခုသာ ရပါမညး၈ Table မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈

1 3 ( 1,3 )
2 4 ( 2,4 )
3 5 ( 3,5 )
4 6 ( 4,6 )
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,5 ),( 4,6 ) }
𝟒 𝟏
P ( the score on the first die is 2 less than that on the second die ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. the difference of the scores on the two dice is greater than 2
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့၏ ရလဒးမ္ာ့ ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး ( တစးခုမြတစးခုကိုႏႈတး်ခငး့ တနးဖို့ ) သညး 2
ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့၏ ရလဒးမ္ာ့ ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး ( တစးခုမြတစးခုကိုႏႈတး်ခငး့ တနးဖို့ ) သညး 2 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညး
ဟုဆို်ပီ့ မညးသညးံအတုဵ့ကႀကီ့ရမညးဟု မသတးမြတးထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ေရြ႕အတုဵ့မြေနာကးအတုဵ့ ႏႈတးၾကညးံ၊ 2
ထကး ႀကီ့သညးံ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အနကး 2 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အာ့ ယူေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသလို
ေနာကးအတုဵ့မြေရြ႕အတုဵ့ ႏႈတးၾကညးံ၊ 2 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အနကး 2 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့တျဲ
မ္ာ့အာ့ ယူေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးပါသညး၈

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
( 4,1 ),( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ), ( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ) }
𝟏𝟐 𝟏
P ( the difference of the scores on the two dice is greater than 2 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. blue die shows the score 4 and black die shows 4 ( or ) both dice show 4
ပုစာၦတျငး အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ဟု ႏြစးတုဵ့စလုဵ့ ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ကို
တိတိက္က္ သတးမြတးေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ( 4,4 ) တစးခုသာ ယူရပါမညး၈
blue die black the set of favourable outcomes

die
4 4 ( 4,4 )
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 4,4 ) }
𝟏
P ( blue die show the score 4 and black die show 4 ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. multiple of 3 on 1st die and multiple of 3 on 2nd die. ( Old Question )
( or ) both dice show multiple of 3
ပထမ အဵစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိ တနးဖို့သညး 3 ၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ဒုတိယ အဵစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိ တနးဖို့သညးလညး့ 3 ၏
ဆတို့ကိနး့
ရလဒးအတျ်ဲ ဖစးတနးစျမး့
1st die 2nd die

the set of favourable outcomes
multiple of 3 multiple of 3
3 3,6 ( 3,3 ),( 3,6 )
6 3,6 ( 6,3 ),( 6,6 )
Solution
𝟒 𝟏
P ( multiple of 3 on 1st die and multiple of 3 on 2nd die ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. both die show the same number or score ( Old Question )
( or ) both die show the equal number
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ တူတဲံဂဏနး့က္ရမညးဆိုေတာံ ေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့ 1 ဆိုရငး ေနာကးအနးစာတုဵ့လညး့ 1 /
ေရြ႕အနးစာတုဵ့ 2 ဆိုရငး ေနာကးအနးစာတုဵ့လညး့ 2 စသညး်ဖငးံ တူေသာအတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈
တူေသာအတျဲ စုစုေပါငး့ေ်ခာကးတျရ
ဲ ြိပါသညး၈
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
Page 234
𝟔 𝟏
P ( both die show the same number or score ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. both die show the difference number or score
( or ) both die show the distinctive number
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ မတူတဲံဂဏနး့အတျက
ဲ ္ရမညးဆိုေတာံ တူေသာအတျဲ ေ်ခာကးတျဖ
ဲ ယးလ္ြငး စုစုေပါငး့
အတျဲ 30 ရြိပါသညး၈ ဤသညးကို Table မြၾကညးံယူလ္ြငး The set of favourable outcome အခု 30
ဲ ္ာ့၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကိုရြာ်ပီ့ P ( not A ) = 1 – P ( A ) ပုဵစဵမြ ရြာလ္ြငး
ေရ့ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ တူေသာအတျမ
တျကးရသကးသာပါသညး
Solution
P ( both die show the difference number )
𝟏 𝟓
= 1 – P ( both die show the same number ) = 1 – =
𝟔 𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24. at least one die show 3. ( Complementary Question )
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ 3 က္မညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
လူတစးေယာကးစီတျငး ပိုကးဆဵ 1000 စီရြိရာ ပစၥညး့တစးခုွယးရနး လူတစးေယာကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့
တစးေယာကး 200 စီထညးံရမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အနညး့ဆုဵ့ေတာံ တစးေယာကးလ္ြငး 200 စီထညးံရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ 200
ထကးပိုထ ညးံလ္ြငး ရသလို 1000 လုဵ့ထညးံလိုကလညး့ ထညးံႏိုငးသညး၈ ထို႔အတူ အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး
အနညး့ဆုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ 3 က္မညးံ ်ဖစးရပးတျငး အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ရြိသညးံအနကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ေပၚတျငး 3
က္ရပါမညး၈ အနညး့ဆုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ 3 က္ရမညးဆိုသညးံအတျကး ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ 3 က္လညး့ရပါသညး၈ at least
ကို ်ဖစးရပးႏြစးခု်ဖစး်ခငး့အတျကး ေမ့လ္ြငး တစးခု်ဖစး်ပီ့တစးခုမ်ဖစးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန ႏြစးခု ႏြငးံ
ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန တစးခု အာ့လုဵ့ ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ 3 မ်ဖစးသညးံ
အေ်ခအေနအာ့ဖယးရပါမညး၈
အနးစာတုဵ့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး at least one die show ဆိုလ္ြငး

တစးခု်ဖစးတစးခုမ်ဖစးလညး့ယူ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးလညး့ယူ ႏြစးခုလုဵမ်ဖစးတာဖယး

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Page 235
Solution
The set of all favourable outcomes = { ( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,3 ),( 3,5 ),( 3,6 ),
( 1,3 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,3 ) }
𝟏𝟏
P ( at least one die show 3 ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. at most one die show 3.
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ 3 က္မညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
လူတစးေယာကးတျငး တစးလစာ အသုဵ့စရိတး 90000 ရြိ်ပီ့ တစးေန႔ အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ 3000
ထကးပိုမသုဵ့ရဆိုလ္ြငး တစးရကး 3000 လညး့သုဵ့ႏိုငးသညး၈ 2500 လညး့သုဵ့ႏိုငးသညး၈ 2000 လညး့
သုဵ့ႏိုငးသညး၈ တစး်ပာ့မြ မသုဵ့ပဲလညး့ ေနချငးံ ရြိသညး၈ ထို႔အတူအနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့တစးတုဵ့
3 က္မညးံ ်ဖစးရပးတျငး အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ ရြိသညးံအနကး အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ တစးတုဵ့သာလ္ြငး 3 က္ရပါမညး၈
ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ 3 က္ချငးံ မရြိပါ၈ အေပၚမြ ပိုကးဆဵဥပမာအတိုငး့ပငး ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ 3 မက္သညးံအေ်ခအေနေတာံရပါ
သညး၈ at most ကို ်ဖစးရပးႏြစးခု်ဖစး်ခငး့အတျကးေမ့လ္ြငး တစးခု်ဖစး်ပီ့တစးခုမ်ဖစးသညးံ အေ်ခအေန
ႏြစးခုသာ ယူရမညး ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးသညးံ အေ်ခအေနအာ့ မယူရပါ၈
အနးစာတုဵ့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး
at most one die show ဆိုလ္ြငး တစးခု်ဖစးတစးခုမ်ဖစးလညး့ယူ ႏြစးခုလုဵမ်ဖစးလညး့ယူ
ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးတာဖယး
သို႔
P ( at most one die show A ) = 1 – P ( both dice show A )

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
P ( at most one die show 3 ) = 1 – P ( both dice show 3 )
𝟏 𝟑𝟓
= 1 – P ( { ( 3,3 ) } ) = 1 – =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 236
26. just one die show 3.

အနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့သာ3က္မညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့/ ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့3က္်ခငး့ - ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့3မက္်ခငး့ မရ
Solution Black dies ( or ) 2nd die

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
( 3,6 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,3 ) }
𝟏𝟏
P ( getting blue die ( 1st die ) is greater than black die ( 2nd die ) ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. exactly one die show 3.
အနးစာတုဵ့ ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး တစးတုဵ့သာ 3 တိတိက္က္ က္ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ / ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ 3 မက္ရ
Just one die show 3 ႏြငးံ သေဘာတရာ့ အတူတူပငး်ဖစးသညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. either die show 3.
either or ႏြငးံ or တို႔၏ အဓိပၸါယး ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး ( Probability အတျကးသာ )
Probability တျငး
( i ) or ကို ႏြစးခုအနကး တစးခု်ဖစး်ခငး့ကိုေရာ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစး်ခငး့ကိုေရာ ယူပါသညး၈
( ii ) either or ကို ႏြစးခုအနကး တစးခု်ဖစး်ခငး့ကိုသာ ယူ်ပီ့ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစး်ခငး့ကိုေတာံ မယူပါ၈
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ either die show 3 သညး just one die show 3 / exactly one die show 3 တို႔ႏြငးံ
အတူတူပငး်ဖစးပါသညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. neither die show 3.
ဘယးအနးစာတုဵ့မြ 3 မက္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့အနကး ေရြ႕အတုဵ့လညး့ 3 မက္ရသလို ေနာကးအတုဵ့လညး့ 3 မက္ရပါ၈ ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ 3
က္်ခငး့လညး့ မ်ဖစးရပါ၈ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ေရြ႕အတုဵ့ 3 က္်ခငး့ ေနာကးအတုဵ့ 3 က္်ခငး့ ႏြစးတုဵ့လုဵ့ 3
က္်ခငး့ အာလုဵ့ ဖယးရပါမညး၈
Page 237

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ),( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),
( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,4),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 ),( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 5,6 ),
( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟐𝟓
P ( neither die show 3 ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total score / Sum of the score ( ရလဒးႏြစးခုေပါငး့်ခငး့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ )
30. the total score is 3 or 4 or 5.( Text )
ႏြစးခုေပါငး့ 3 သို႔ 4 သို႔ 5 ရမညးံအတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ ဟုေမ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ
ေပါငး့လဒး 3 ်ဖစးသညးံ အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့  ေရြ႕ကိနး့ 1 ေနာကးကိနး့ 2  ( 1,2 )
 ေရြ႕ကိနး့ 2 ေနာကးကိနး့ 1  ( 2,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ေရြ႕ကိနး့ 1 ေနာကးကိနး့ 3  ( 1,3 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ) စသညး်ဖငးံ စဥး့စာ့ယူသျာ့ပါ၈
စုစုေပါငး့ 9 ခု ( Table မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈ )

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),( 2,3 ),
( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ), ( 4,1 ) }
𝟗 𝟏
P ( the total score is 3 or 4 or 5 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟒
Page 238
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. the total score is prime number. ( or) the total score on the two dice is prime.
( Text )
the sum of the score is prime number ( or ) getting the total of prime score
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒးသညး 2 မြ 12 ၾကာ့တျငးသာ ရြိသ်ဖငးံ 2 ႏြငးံ 12 ၾကာ့ရြိ prime number
မ္ာ့မြာ 2,3,5,7,11 တို႔
်ဖစးၾကသ်ဖငးံ
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 2 ရသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,6 ),( 2,5 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 6,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 11 ရသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 ) စုစုေပါငး့ 15 ခု
Table မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1 die
st
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
P ( the total score is prime number ) = ?
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ), ( 1,4 ), ( 1,6 ), ( 2,1 ), ( 2,3 ),( 2,5 ),
( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,5 ) }
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
P ( the total score is prime number ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32. the total score is not prime number. ( or) the total score on the two dice is
not prime. ( ေပါငး့လဒး prime number မ်ဖစးမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ )
ေပါငး့လဒး prime number ်ဖစးမညးံကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ 15 ခု ၇ ေပါငး့လဒး prime number မ်ဖစးမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
21 ခု ရြိသ်ဖငးံ prime number ်ဖစးမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့၏ Probability တနးဖို့အာ့အရငးရြာၿပီ့ 1 ထဲမြ
ႏႈတးေပ့သညးံ ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံရြာလ္ြငး the set of favourable outcomes ေရ့ရတာ သကးသာပါသညး၈ Table
မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈
Solution
P ( the total score is not prime number )
= 1 – P ( the total score is prime number )
Page 239
= 1 – P ( { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ), ( 1,4 ), ( 1,6 ), ( 2,1 ), ( 2,3 ),( 2,5 ),( 3,2 ),
( 3,4 ), ( 4,1 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,5 ) } )
𝟓 𝟕
=1– =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. the total score is greater than 7 ( or ) the sum of the score is greater than 7.
( ေပါငး့လဒး 7 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့ ) ( Text )
ေပါငး့လဒး 7 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ 7 မယူရပါ၈ ေပါငး့လဒး 8,9,10,11,12 တုိ႔အာ့
ယူပါမညး၈
ေပါငး့လဒး 8  1 အတနး့တျငး အႀကီ့ဆုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး ( 1,6 )  1 + 6 = 7 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ 2 အတနး့မြသာ
ေပါငး့လဒး 8  ( 2,6 ),( 3,5 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,2 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 9  ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 10  ( 4,6 ),( 5,5 ),( 6,4 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 11  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 12  ( 6,6 ) စုစုေပါငး့ 15 ခု  Table မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈
P ( the total score is greater than 7 ) အစာ့ P ( total score > 7 ) ဟုလညး့
ေရ့ႏိုငးပါေသ့သညး၈

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
( 5,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
P ( the total score is greater than 7 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34. the sum of the score is not greater than 7.
တစးေန႔ ရြစးနာရီထကးပိုမအိပးရဆိုလ္ြငး ရြစးနာရီအထိ အိပးႏိုငးသညး၈ ပိုကးဆဵအိပးထဲက ပိုကးဆဵယူသျာ့
1000 ထကးေတာံပိုမယူနဲ႔ေနား ဆိုလ္ြငး 1000 ယူချငးံေတာံရြိသညး၈
တနးဖို့တစးခုခုထကး မႀကီ့ရ မငယးရ သတးမြတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့တျငး လိုခ္ငးေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့အစုတျငး ကနး႔သတး
Page 240
တနးဖို့ပါ ထညးံယူရမညး၈
ေပါငး့လဒး 7 ထကး မႀကီ့ရမညးံကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,6 ),( 2,5 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 6,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,5 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,2 ),( 5,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 2 ရသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ  စုစုေပါငး့ 21 ခု ( Table မြလညး့ ယူႏိုငးပါသညး၈ )
ဤပုစာၦကို
P( the sum of the score is not greater than 7 ) = 1 – P( the sum of the score is not
greater than 7 ) မြတျကးလညး့ ရပါသညး ၈ ဤသို႔တျကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငးေတာံ ေပါငး့လဒး 7 ထကး ႀကီ့သညးံ
ဲ ္ာ့ စုစုေပါငး့ 15 ခု သာရြိသ်ဖငးံ the set of favourable outcomes ေရ့ရသကးသာပါမညး၈
ကိနး့တျမ

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
( 2,4 ),( 3,3 ), ( 4,2 ), ( 5,1 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ),( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 ), ( 1,2 ),
( 2,1 ),( 1,1 ) }
𝟐𝟏 𝟕
P ( the total score is greater than 7 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
( or )
P( the sum of the score is greater than 7 )
= 1 – P( the sum of the score is not greater than 7 )
𝟓 𝟕
= 1– =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. the sum of the score is less than 7. ( Old Question )
ေပါငး့လဒး 7 ထကး ငယးရမညးဆိုသ်ဖငးံ 7 မပါရ
အေပၚတျငး ေဖား်ပခဲံ်ပီ့ေသာ ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကို အေ်ခခဵ၊ စဥး့စာ့ယူၾကညးံပါ
Page 241

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
die
Or 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
1st die 5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 5,1 ) }
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
P ( the total score is less than 7 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. the sum of the score is not less than 7. ( Old Question )
( ေပါငး့လဒး 7 ထကး မငယးရဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ 7 ထညးံယူမညး၈ / အေပၚတျငး ေဖား်ပခဲံ်ပီ့ေသာ ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကး
မ္ာ့ကို အေ်ခခဵ၊ စဥး့စာ့ယူၾကညးံပါ )
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue die
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
Or
1 die
st 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,6 ),( 2,5 ), ( 2,6 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,5 ), ( 3,6 ),( 4,3 ),
( 4,4 ),( 4,5 ), ( 4,6 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ), ( 6,4 ),
( 6,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟐𝟏 𝟕
P ( the total score is greater than 7 ) = = ( or )
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
P(the total score is greater than 7 )
𝟓 𝟕
= 1 – P( the sum of the score is not greater than 7 ) = 1 – =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. the total score is multiple of 3. ( Old Question )
( ေပါငး့လဒးသညး 3 ၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
Page 242
ဲ ္ာ့မြ ရႏိုငးေသာ ေပါငး့လဒး 11 ခု  2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့၊်ပတးေသာ ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့  3,6,9,12
ေပါငး့လဒး 3 ရေသာ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့ = ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 6 ရေသာ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့ = ( 1,5 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,3 ),( 4,2 ),( 5,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 9 ရေသာ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့ = ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 12 ရေသာ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့ = ( 6,6 )  စုစုေပါငး့ 12 ခု

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
Blue die
3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
Or
1 die
st 4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
Solution
( 4,2 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,1 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟐 𝟏
P ( the total score is multiple of 3 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38. getting a total of 10 or more. ( Old Question )
10 သို႔မဟုတး 10 ထကးႀကီ့ေသာ ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့  10,11,12
ေပါငး့လဒး 10  ( 4,6 ),( 5,5 ),( 6,4 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 11  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 10  ( 6,6 )  စုစုေပါငး့ 6 ခု
Solution
𝟔 𝟏
P ( getting a total of 10 or more ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟔
( 16 ) the total score will be perfect square. ( Old Question )
perfect square = ႏြစးထပးကိနး့တိ = ကိနး့တစးခုကို ႏြစးထပးတငးလ္ြငး ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့
2
1 ၏ ႏြစးထပးကိနး့တိ = 1 = 1
2
2
Page 243
2
ပုစာၦတျငး ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ မြာ perfect square ( ႏြစးထပးကိနး့တိ ) ်ဖစးရမညးဟု ဆိုထာ့
သ်ဖငးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ 2 မြ 12 ၾကာ့ perfect square ်ဖစးေနေသာတနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ 9 ႏြစးခုသာ
ရြိပါသညး၈
ေပါငး့လဒး 4  ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 9  ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 )  စုစုေပါငး့ 7 ခု
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ), ( 3,1 ),( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) }
𝟕
P ( the total score will be perfect square ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39. the total score will not be perfect square. ( Old Question )
အေပၚက ပုစာၦတျငး perfect square ်ဖစးသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲ 7 တျဲသာရြိ်ပီ့ မ်ဖစးသညးံကိနး့တျဲ အတျဲ 29
ရြိသ်ဖငးံ perfect square မ်ဖစးသညးံကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့၏ Probability တနးဖို့ကိုရြာလိုလ္ြငး ်ဖစးသညးံ
ဲ ္ာ့၏ Probability တနးဖို့ကိုအရငးရြာ်ပီ့ 1 ထဲမြ ႏႈတးေပ့သညးံနညး့်ဖငးံရြာလ္ြငး the set of
favourable outcomes ခုနစး ခုသာေရ့ရပါမညး၈
Solution
P ( the total score will not be perfect square )
= 1 – P ( the total score will be perfect square )
𝟕 𝟐𝟗
= 1 – P( { ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ), ( 3,1 ),( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) } ) = 1 – =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟔
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40. the sum of the score is odd. ( Old Question )
မကိနး့်ဖစးေနသညးံ ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့  3,5,7,9,11
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 )
ေပါငး့လဒး 3 ်ဖစးေနသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,6 ),( 2,5 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 6,1 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes ={ ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ),( 1,6 ),
( 2,5 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 6,1 ),( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 ) }
𝟏𝟖 𝟏
P ( getting blue die ( 1st die ) is greater than black die ( 2nd die ) ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟐
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41. the sum of the score is even. ( Old Question )

စုဵကိနး့်ဖစးေနသညးံ ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့ ်ဖဟးတနးစျမး့  မကိနး့မ္ာ့ ၾကညးံယူသညးံ သေဘာတရာ့အတိုငး့သာ
်ဖစးပါသညး၈
𝟏
P ( the sum of the score is even ) =
𝟐
Product of the score ( ရလာဒးႏြစးခု ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ )
ေ်မြာကးလဒးရြိသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ ေ်မြာကးလဒးရြိသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
Product favourable outcomes Product favourable outcomes
1 ( 1,1 ) 12 ( 2, 6 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 6,2 )
2 ( 1,2 ),( 2,1 ) 15 ( 3,5 ),( 5,3 )
3 ( 1,3 ),( 3,1 ) 16 ( 4,4 )
4 ( 1,4 ),( 2,2 ),( 4,1 ) 18 ( 3,6 ),( 6,3 )
5 ( 1,5 ),( 5,1 ) 20 ( 5,4 ),( 4,5 )
6 ( 1,6 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 6,1 ) 24 ( 6,4 ),( 4,6 )
8 ( 2,4 ),( 4,2 ) 25 ( 5,5 )
9 ( 3,3 ) 30 ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
10 ( 2,5 ),( 5,2 ) 36 ( 6,6 )
မရြိသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့
7,11,13,14,17,19,21,22,23, ေ်မြာကးလဒးရြိသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲ 18 ခု
26,27,28,29,31,32,33,34,35 ေ်မြာကးလဒးမရြိသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲ 18 ခု
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ေပၚရြိ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့အနကး အငယးဆုဵ့ေ်မြာကးလဒးမြာ 1 ်ဖစး်ပီ့
အႀကီ့ဆုဵ့ေ်မြာကးလဒးမြာ 36 ်ဖစးသညး၈ သို႔ေသား 1 ႏြငးံ 36 ၾကာ့ရြိ ကိနး့ တနးဖို့တိုငး့ ေ်မြာကးလဒးအ်ဖစး
ရြိသညးမဟုတးပဲ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့မြ ရႏိုငးေသာ ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့ ှ၅ ခု
( 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,15,16,18,20,24,25,30,36 ) သာရြိမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ မရႏိုငးေသာ ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့
ှ၅ ခု (7,11,13,14,17,19,21,22,23,26,27,28,29,31,32,33,34,35 ) ရြိမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ Product တနး
ဖို့ရြာခိုငးသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျငး လိုခ္ငးေသာ Product တနးဖို့ကို ရြာလိုလ္ြငး
1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,15,16,18,20,24,25,30,36 တနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြသာ ရြာႏိုငးပါမညး၈
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42. the product of the score is even. ( Old Question )
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ စုဵကိနး့ရမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့  1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,15,16,18,20,24,25,30,36
စုဵကိနး့ရမညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  2,4,6,8,10,12,16,18,20,24,30,36
မကိနး့ရမညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  1,3,5,9,15,25
အထကးပါ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့အရ မကိနး့ရမညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့၏ probability တနးဖို့အာ့ရြာ်ပီ့ 1 ထဲမြ
ႏႈတးယူလ္ြငး The set of favourable outcomes ေရ့ရတာသကးသာပါမညး၈
မကိနး့ရမညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့
1  ( 1,1 )
3  ( 1,3 ),( 3,1 )
5  ( 1,5 ),( 5,1 )
9  ( 3,3 )
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15  ( 3,5 ),( 5,3 )

25  ( 5,5 )
Solution
P ( the product of the score is even ) = 1 – P ( the product of the score is odd )
= 1 – P ({( 1,1 ),( 1,3 ),( 3,1 ),( 1,5 ),( 5,1 ),( 3,3 ),( 3,5 ),( 5,3 ),( 5,5 )})
𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟑
=1– = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟔 𝟒
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43. the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 4. ( Old Question )
( ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ )
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးမညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  4,8,12,16,20,24,36
4  ( 1,4 ),( 2,2 ),( 4,1 )
8  ( 2,4 ),( 4,2 )
12  ( 2,6 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 6,2 )
16  ( 4,4 )
20  ( 4,5 ),( 5,4 )
24  ( 4,6 ),( 6,4 )
36  ( 6,6 )
Solution
( 4,3 ), ( 6,2 ),( 4,4 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 4,6 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
P ( the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 4 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
( ဤေမ့ချနး့အာ့ the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 4 အစာ့ the product
of the score on the two dice is multiple of 4 ဟုလညး့ ေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ 4 ၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့ပဲေမ့ေမ့
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့ပဲေမ့ေမ့ အတူတူပငး ်ဖစးသညး၈ )
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44. the product of the score on the two dice is not divisible by 4. ( Old Question )
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔မ်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  4,8,12,16,20,24,36
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔မ်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  1,2,3,5,6,9,10,15,18,25,30
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲ 15 ခု ၇ 4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔မ်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲ 21 ခု ရြိသ်ဖငးံ စာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ
ကိနး့တျဲ 15 ခုအတျကး Probability တနးဖို့ကို အရငးရြာ်ပီ့ 1 ထဲကႏႈတးယူသညးံ နညး့ကိုသုဵ့ပါမညး၈
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အတျကး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို အေပၚတျငးရြာ်ပီ့ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
ထပးရြာမ်ပေတာံပါ၈
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Solution
P ( the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 4 )
𝟓 𝟕
= 1 – P ( the product of the score on the two dice is not divisible by 4 ) = 1 – =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
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45. the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 6 or 9. ( Old Question )
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 6 ( သို႔မဟုတး ) 9 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့
6 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  6,12,18,24,30,36
9 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  9,18,36
6 ်ဖငးံေရာ 9 ်ဖငးံပါ စာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  18,36
ထပးေနသညးံေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့အာ့ ဖယးလိုကးလ္ြငး 6 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့အ်ပငး 9 ရသညးံ
ေ်မြာကးလဒးတစး
ခုသာ ပိုရြာရပါမညး၈ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
6 ( သို႔မဟုတး ) 9 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  6,9,12,18,24,30,36
6  ( 1,6 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 6,1 )
9  ( 3,3 )
12  ( 2,6 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 6,2 )
18  ( 3,6 ),( 6,3 )
24  ( 4,6 ),( 6,4 )
30  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
36  ( 6,6 )
The set of favourable outcomes =
{ ( 1,6 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 6,1 ),( 3,3 )( 2,6 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),
( 6,2 ),( 3,6 ),( 6,3 ),( 4,6 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
P ( the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 6 or 9 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
ဤပုစာၦအာ့ the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 6 or 9 အစာ့
the product of the score on the two dice is multiple of 6 or 9 ဟုလညး့ ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့
လြညးံေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ မညးသို႔ေမ့ေမ့ေ်ဖတတးေအာငး စဥး့စာ့ေလံက္ငးံထာ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး၈
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46. the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 6 and 9.
ဲ ္ာ့ ( Old Question )
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 6 ်ဖငးံေရာ 9 ်ဖငးံပါ စာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
6 ်ဖငးံေရာ 9 ်ဖငးံပါ စာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  18,36
18  ( 3,6 ),( 6,3 )
36  ( 6,6 )
Page 247
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 3,6 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,6 ) }

𝟑 𝟏
P ( the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 6 or 9 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
ဤပုစာၦအာ့ the product of the score on the two dice is divisible by 6 and 9 အစာ့
the product of the score on the two dice is common multiple of 6 and 9 ဟုလညး့
ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့လြညးံေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ မညးသို႔ေမ့ေမ့ေ်ဖတတးေအာငး စဥး့စာ့ေလံက္ငးံထာ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး၈
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47. the product of the score is multiple of 6. ( Old Question )
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 6 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့
6 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  6,12,18,24,30,36
6  ( 1,6 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 6,1 )
12  ( 2,6 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 6,2 )
18  ( 3,6 ),( 6,3 )
24  ( 4,6 ),( 6,4 )
30  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
36  ( 6,6 )
Solution
( 6,2 ),( 3,6 ),( 6,3 ),( 4,6 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
P ( the product of the score is multiple of 6 ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟏𝟐
ဤပုစာၦအာ့ the product of the score is multiple 6 အစာ့ the product of the scores is
divisible by 6 သို႔မဟုတး the product of the score on the two dice is common multiple
of 2 and 3 ဟုလညး့ ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့ လြညးံေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ မညးသို႔ေမ့ေမ့ေ်ဖတတးေအာငး စဥး့စာ့
ေလံက္ငးံထာ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး၈
2 ၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့မ္ာ့  2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36
3 ၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့မ္ာ့  3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36
2 ႏြငးံ 3 ၏ ဘုဵဆတို့ကိနး့မ္ာ့  6,12,18,24,30,36
6 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍်ပတးေသာကိနး့မ္ာ့  6,12,18,24,30,36
အထကးပါ ဥပမာေလ့အာ့ၾကညးံလ္ြငး 2 ႏြငံး 3 ၏ ဘုဵဆတို့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ သညး 6 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍
်ပတးေသာကိနး့မ္ာ့ ႏြငးံ အတူတူပငး်ဖစးသညး။
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ကိနး့တစးခု၏ ဆတို့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) ထိုကိနး့်ဖငးံ စာ့၍်ပတးေသာကိနး့မ္ာ့ဆိုသညး
မြာ အဆိုပါကိနး့၏ ဆချက

ဲ ိနး့မ္ာ့၏ ဘုဵဆတို့ကိနး့ပငး်ဖစးသညး။
If A = B x C , then
the multiple of A = divisible by A = the common multiple of B and C
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48. the product of the score is greater than 15. ( Old Question )
ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 15 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့
15 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  16,18,20,24,25,30,36
16  ( 4,4 )
18  ( 3,6 ),( 6,3 )
20  ( 4,5 ),( 5,4 )
24  ( 4,6 ),( 6,4 )
25  ( 5,5 )
30  ( 5,6 ),( 6,5 )
36  ( 6,6 )
Solution
( 6,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,5 ),( 6,6 ) }
𝟏𝟏
P ( the product of the score is greater than 15 ) =
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနးပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) The score on 1st die is not more than 2
ေရြ႕ကိနး့ 2 ထကးမႀကီ့ရ ေနာကးကိနး့ ( 1,2,3,4,5,6 ) အကုနး်ဖစးလို႔ရ
( တစးေန႔ အ်ပငးႏြစးခါထကးပိုမထျကးရဆိုလ္ြငး ႏြစးခါေတာံထျကးချငးံ ရြိသညး၈ 2 ထကးမႀကီ့ရဆိုသ်ဖငးံ
2ယူချငးံ ရြိသညး၈ )
( 2,2 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The score on 1st die is not more than 2 and the score on 2nd die is prime
number less than 5. ေရြ႕ကိနး့ 2 ထကးမႀကီ့ရ ေနာကးကိနး့ 5 ေအာကးငယးေသာ သုဒၶကိနး့မ္ာ့
ေရြ႕ကိနး့  1,2 / ေနာကးကိနး့  2,3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) The score on 1st die is minimum value and the score on 2nd die is maximum
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value
အနးစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့  1,2,3,4,5,6 / minimum value  1 / maximum value  6
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,6 ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) The difference between the two score is at least 3.
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ေပၚရြိ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး ( ႏႈတး်ခငး့ ) တနးဖို့ သညး အနညး့ဆုဵ့ 3 ်ဖစးရမညးံ
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အနးစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိအငယးဆုဵ့တနးဖို့  1 / အႀကီ့ဆုဵ့တနးဖို့  6
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာအႀကီ့ဆုဵ့်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး = 6 – 1 = 5
်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးတနးဖို့ သညး အနညး့ဆုဵ့ 3 ်ဖစးရမညးဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့  3,4,5
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,4 ),( 4,1 ),( 2,5 ),( 5,2 ),( 3,6 ),( 6,3 )
်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး 3 ်ဖစးေနသညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,5 ),( 5,1 ),( 2,6 ),( 6,2 )
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,6 ),( 6,1 )
( 5,1 ),( 2,6 ),( 6,2 ),( 1,6 ),( 6,1 ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e ) The total score is at least 3 and at most 5
ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့ အနညး့ဆုဵ့ 3 ႏြငးံ အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ 5 သာ်ဖစးချငးံရြိသညးဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ေပါငး့်ခငး့ 3 ႏြငးံ 5 ၾကာ့
တျငးသာရြိရမညး၈်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့  3,4,5
The set of favourable outcomes = {(1,2),(2,1),(1,3), 2,2),(3,1),(1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1)}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( f ) The total score is more than 3 and is not more than 5.
ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့ 3 ထကးပိုရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့( 3 မပါရ ) ႏြငးံ 5 ထကးမပိုရ( 5 ပါရမညး )ဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ေပါငး့်ခငး့
4 ႏြငးံ 5 ၾကာ့တျငးရြိမညး၈
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့  4,5
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,3 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 3,2 ),( 4,1 ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( g ) The total score is must be equal to the product of the score
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 2,2 ) တစးခုသာရြိသညး၈
ေပါငး့လဒးႏြငးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့ တူညီေသာကိနး့တျမ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( h ) The product the score is less than total score
ဲ ္ာ့  ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 2,1 )
ေ်မြာကးလဒး သညး ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့ေအာကးငယးရမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေအာကးပါပုစာၱမ္ာ့သညး တစးမြတးတနး ပုစာၦအ်ဖစး ေမ့ခဲံဖူ့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖစးေသားလညး့ သုဵ့မြတးတနး၇
ငါ့မြတးတနးပုစာၦတျငး ေရာစပးေမ့်မနး့လာပါက ေ်ဖတတးႏိုငးေစရနး ထညးံသျငး့တျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး၈
𝟏
49. The total score is ‘x’ on rolling two dice , x < 7 and P ( x ) = , then find x.
𝟗
( 2012 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ )
၁ငး့ကို ပုစာၦႀကီ့အ်ဖစး ထညးံသျငး့ေမ့်မနး့ႏိုငးသညးံပုဵစဵကို ေအာကးတျငးေ်ပာငး့်ပထာ့ပါသညး၈
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𝟏
If two fair dice are thrown and ( a ) the probability of getting a total score ‘x’ is
𝟗
and x is greater than 7, then find the value of x.( b ) Find also the probability of the
total score is greater than 7.
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငး ( a ) အနးစာတုဵ့မ္ာ့ေပၚရြိ ရလဒးႏြစးခု၏ေပါငး့လဒး x ၏
𝟏
Probability တနးဖို့သညး ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ေပါငး့လဒး x သညး 7 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညး၈ x ၏တနးဖို့အာ့ ရြာပါ၈
𝟗
( b ) 7 ထကးႀကီ့သညးံ ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့၏ Probability တနးဖို့ကို ရြာပါ၈
ေပါငး့လဒး x သညး 7 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညး  7 ထကးႀကီ့ေသာ ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့  8,9,10,11,12
အထကးပါေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့၏ probability တနးဖို့တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ရြာၾကညးံ်ပီ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
probability တနးဖို့ႏြငးံကိုကး သညးံ တနးဖို့အာ့ရြာယူပါမညး၈
𝟓
P ( total score is 8 ) = P ( { ( 2,6 ),( 3,5 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,2 ) } ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟒 𝟏
P ( total score is 9 ) = P ( { ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
𝟏
P ( total score is x ) = = P ( total score is 9 )
𝟗
x=9
Solution
𝟏
( a ) P ( the total score is x ) =
,x>7
𝟗
The total score x may be 8,9,10,11,12
𝟓
P ( total score is 8 ) = P ( { ( 2,6 ),( 3,5 ),( 4,4 ),( 5,3 ),( 6,2 ) } ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟒 𝟏
P ( total score is 9 ) = P ( { ( 3,6 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ),( 6,3 ) } ) = =
𝟑𝟔 𝟗
 P ( the total score is x ) = P ( total score is 9 ) =
x=9
( b ) b အတျကးအေ်ဖအာ့ အေပၚတျငး တျကး်ပ်ပီ့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
ေအာကးပါေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့မြ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အာ့ ဆကးစပးေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံႏိုငးပါသညး၈
𝟏
The total score is ‘x’ on rolling two dice , x > 6 and P ( x ) = , then x = ?
𝟔
Ans; 7 ( 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟏
The total score is ‘x’ on rolling two dice , x > 5 and P ( x ) = , then x = ?
𝟏𝟐
Ans; 10 ( 2005 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected frequency on rolling two dice Problems
50. Two fair dice are thrown
( i ) 720 times , find the expected frequency of maximum total score is. ( Ans; 20 )
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အနးစာတုဵ့ ႏြစးတုဵ့ကို အႀကိမး 720 ေ်မြာကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အႀကီ့ဆုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးမညးံ အႀကိမး

အေရအတျကး
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့ေ်မြာကးရာတျငး ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကီ့ဆုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒးမြာ 12 ်ဖစးသညး၈
𝟏
အနးစာတုဵ့ႏြစးတုဵ့တစးႀကိမးေ်မြာကး်ခငး့အတျကး 12 ၏ Probability တနးဖို့မြာ P ( 12 ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟏
်ဖစးသညး၈ အႀကိမး 720 အတျကး Expected frequency မြာ x 720 = 20 ်ဖစးသညး၈
𝟑𝟔
Solution
𝟏
P ( 12 ) = P ( {( 6,6 )} ) =
𝟑𝟔
𝟏
Expected frequency of “total score will be 12” turn up in 720 trail = x 720 = 20
𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ii ) 180 times , the expected frequency of manimum total score is ( Ans; 5 )
( manimum total score = ်ဖစးေပၚႏိုငးသညးံ အႀကိမးေရအနညး့ဆုဵ့ ေပါငး့လဒး = 2 or 12 )

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iii ) 108 times. Find the expected frequency of obtaining not total of 7. ( Ans; 5 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iv ) 72 times , the expected frequency of perfect square . ( Ans; 12 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number Cards’ Problems
Number Cards
Not replaced Problem
51.A box contain six cards numbered as 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 . A card is chosen and
the card is not replaced. Then another card is chosen. Write down the set of all
possible outcomes. Find the probability of
𝟏
( 1 ) getting two numbers where they are both odd numbers. ( Ans; )
𝟓
𝟏
( 2 ) getting two numbers where the product is an odd number. ( Ans; )
𝟓
( 2014 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 )
ေသတၱာပုဵ့ချဵတစးခုတညး့မြာ 1,2,3,4,5 ႏြငးံ 6 နဵပါတး ၃ ခုေရ့ထာ့သညးံ ကတး်ပာ့မ္ာ့ ထညးံထာ့သညး၈
ကတး်ပာ့တစးခုကို ်ဖစးခ္ငးရာ်ဖစး ဆျထ
ဲ ုတးလိုကး်ပီ့ နဵပါတးမြတး၊ ေသတၱာပုဵ့ချဵထဲ ်ပနးမထညးံပဲ
ဖယးထာ့မညး၈ ေနာကးထပး ကတး်ပာ့တစးခုကို ဆျထ
ဲ ုတး်ပီ့ က္သညးံနဵပါတးကို ထပးမြတးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
ကတး်ပာ့ႏြစးခုဆျထ
ဲ ုတး်ခငး့အတျကး the set of all possible outcomes ကိုေရ့ေပ့ပါ၈ ( Tree diagram
မဆျခ
ဲ ိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ မဆျပ
ဲ ဲတက
ျ းချငးံရြိပါသညး၈ Table ဆျ်ဲ ပီ့လညး့ တျကးႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ) ( not replaced )
်ပနးမထညးံရဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ဥပမာအာ့်ဖငးံ - ေရြ႕ဂဏနး့ 1 က္ၿပီ့လ္ြငး ေနာကးဂဏနး့အ်ဖစး 1 ဖယး်ပီ့
က္နးေသာဂဏနး့ ( 2,3,4,5,6 ) မ္ာ့ကို ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈
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1st number 2nd number Outcomes

1 2,3,4,5,6 ( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 )
2 1,3,4,5,6 ( 2,1 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 )
3 1,2,4,5,6 ( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,4 ),( 3,5 ),( 3,6 )
4 1,2,3,5,6 ( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 )
5 1,2,3,4,6, ( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 )
6 1,2,3,4,5 ( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 )
Table ်ဖငးံြဆျပ
ဲ ါက not replaced ပုစာၦ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ဂဏနး့တူမ္ာ့ေနရာတျငး ကျကးလပးမ္ာ့်ဖစးေနပါမညး၈
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ),( 2,1 ),( 2,3 ),
( 2,4),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ) ( 3,1 ), ( 3,2 ), ( 3,4 ),( 3,5 ),( 3,6 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 ),
( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,6 ),( 6,1 ),( 6,2 ),( 6,3 ),( 6,4 ),( 6,5 ) }
Probability =
( 1 ) P ( getting two numbers where they are both odd numbers ) = ?
𝟔 𝟏
P ( getting two numbers where they are both odd numbers ) = =
𝟑𝟎 𝟓
( 2 ) P ( getting two numbers where the product is an odd number ) = ?

𝟔 𝟏
P ( getting two numbers where the product is an odd number ) = =
𝟑𝟎 𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) A box contain six cards numbered as 2,3,4,6 and 7 . A card is chosen and the
card is not replaced. Then another card is chosen. Write down the set of all possible
outcomes. Find the probability of ( 1 ) getting two even numbers. ( 2 ) getting two
𝟑 𝟑
prime numbers. Ans; ( 1 ) (2)
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) A box contain 5 cards numbered as 2,3,4,5 and 9. A card is chosen , the number
is recorded , the card is not replaced. Then another card is chosen. Draw a tree
diagram and find the probabilities of ( 2009 ရနးကုနး / No 41 )
𝟑
( 1 ) getting two prime numbers. ( Ans; )
𝟏𝟎
𝟑
( 2 ) getting two odd numbers. ( Ans; )
𝟏𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) A box contain 5 cards numbered as 2,3,5,6 and 7. A card is drawn , the number
is recorded , the card is not replaced. Then another card is drawn the number is
Page 253
recorded. Find the probabilities of getting a pair of numbers where their sum is a
𝟐
prime number. ( Ans; ) ( 2007 ရနးကုနး / No 59 )
𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52. Box A contain 4 pieces of paper numberd as 1 , 2 , 3 and 4. Box B contains 3
pieces of paper numberd as 5 , 6 and 7. Box A ထဲတျငး 1,2,3,4 ေရ့ထာ;သညးံ စကၠဴစေလ့စ
Box B ထဲတျငး 5,6,7 ေရ့ထာ;သညးံ စကၠဴစသုဵ့စ ရြိသညး၈
One pieces of paper is chosen at random from a box A and then chosen from a box
B. Box A ထဲမြ စကၠဴတစးစ Box B ထဲမြ စကၠဴတစးစေရျ့ထုတးမညး၈
Draw a tree diagram to list all possible outcomes of the experiments.
Possible outcomes မ္ာ့အာ့ စာရငး့်ပဳစုႏိုငးရနး tree diagram ဆျေ
ဲ ပ့ပါ၈( 2013 ရနးကုနး / No 1 )
Find the probability that ေအာကးေဖား်ပပါ probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့လညး့ ရြာေပ့ပါ၈
𝟏
( 1 ) the product of the two numbers chosen is at most 10. ( Ans; )
𝟑
𝟏
( 2 ) the sum of the two numbers chosen is greater than their product. ( Ans; )
𝟒
Solution
1st number 2nd number Possible outcomes
5 ( 1,5 ) 5 ( 3,5 )
1 6 ( 1,6 ) 3 6 ( 3,6 )
7 ( 1,7 ) 7 ( 3,7 )
5 ( 2,5 ) 5 ( 4,5 )
2 6 ( 2,6 ) 4 6 ( 4,6 )
7 ( 2,7 ) 7 ( 4,7 )
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( 1,5 ),( 1,6 ),( 1,7 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ),( 2,7 ),
( 3,5 ),( 3,6 ),( 3,7 ),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 ),( 4,7 ) }
ကိနး့တျဲ ေ်မြာကးလဒး ကိနး့တျဲ ေ်မြာကးလဒး ကိနး့တျဲ ေ်မြာကးလဒး

( 1,5 ) 5 ( 2,6 ) 12 ( 3,7 ) 21
( 1,6 ) 6 ( 2,7 ) 14 ( 4,5 ) 20
( 1,7 ) 7 ( 3,5 ) 15 ( 4,6 ) 24
( 2,5 ) 10 ( 3,6 ) 18 ( 4,7 ) 28
𝟏
( 1 ) the product of the two numbers chosen is at most 10. ( Ans; )
𝟑
( ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့ အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ 10 သာ်ဖစးရမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ )
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𝟒 𝟏
P ( the product of the two numbers chosen is at most 10 ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟑
𝟏
( 2 ) the sum of the two numbers chosen is greater than their product. ( Ans; )
𝟒
( ေပါငး့လဒးတနးဖို့သညး ေ်မြာကးလဒးတနးဖို့ ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ )

𝟑 𝟏
P ( the sum of the two numbers chosen is greater than their product ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
ကိနး့မ္ာ့ေပါငး့ရာ/ေ်မြာကးရာတျငး
( 1 ) 1 ႏြငးံ မညးသညးံကိနး့ေပါငး့ေပါငး့ 1 ႏြငးံ အဆိုပါကိနး့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ထကးအ်မဲတမး့ႀကီ့သညး၈
( 2 ) ေပါငး့လဒး ႏြငးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒး တူညီေသာကိနး့တျဲ တစးတဲျသာရြိသညး၈ ( 2,2 ) ်ဖစးသညး၈
( 3 ) က္နးေသာကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ မညးသညးံကိနး့ႏြငးံ ေပါငး့ေပါငး့ေ်မြာကးေ်မြာကး ေ်မြာကးလဒး သညး
ေပါငး့လဒးထကး အ်မဲႀကီ့သညး၈

( a ) Box A contain 4 pieces of papers numbered 1,2,3,4. Box B contain 2 pieces of
papers numbered 1,2 , one pieces of paper chosen as random from each box. Draw
tree diagram to list all possible outcomes of experiment. Find the probability that
𝟏
( 1 ) the product of the two numbers chosen is at least 4. ( Ans; )
𝟐
𝟏
( 2 ) the sum of the two numbers chosen is equal to their product. ( Ans; )
𝟖
( 2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 29 )
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ချ်ဲ ခာ့ထာ့ေသာ၊ တစးခုခ္ငး့စီ
53. Each of numbers 1,2,3 is painted on a separated ball.

ေရ့ထာ့သညး ေဘာလုဵ့ငယးတစးလုဵ့ခ္ငး့စီ
ေဘာလုဵ့ငယးတစးလုဵ့ခ္ငး့စီေပၚမြာ 1,2,3 ဂဏနး့တစးလုဵ့စီေရ့ထာ့ပါသညး၈
The three balls are placed in a bag ( ၁ငး့တို႔ကို အိတး တစးလဵု့ထဲသို႔ ထညးံမညး၈ )
and it is shaken to mix of the balls.
လႈပးရမး့လိုကးမညး ေရာေႏြာသျာ့ေစရနး
်ပီ့လ္ြငး ေဘာလုဵ့မ္ာ့ေရာေႏြာသျာ့ေစရနး အိတးအာ့ လႈပးခါလိုကးပါမညး၈
A ball is drawn and and then replaced , after which a second ball is drawn.
ေဘာလုဵ့တစးလုဵ့အာ့ႏႈိကးယူ်ပီ့ နဵပါတးအာ့မြတး၊ ေနာကးတစးလုဵ့မႏႈိကးခငး အိတးထဲ ်ပနးထညးံမညး၈
Find the probability that
Page 255
𝟐
( 1 ) the first ball has an even number and second ball has an odd number. Ans;
𝟗
( 2 ) the first ball has a number less than 3 and the second ball has a number
𝟐
greater than 2. Ans;
𝟗
𝟏
( 3 ) the sum of the numbers on both balls will be 4. Ans; ( 14 စစးကိုငး့ခ္ငး့ / No 4 )
𝟑
Solution
2nd number ( or ) ball
1 2 3
1st 1 ( 1,1 ) ( 1,2 ) ( 1,3 )
number 2 ( 2,1 ) ( 2,2 ) ( 2,3 )
( or )ball 3 ( 3,1 ) ( 3,2 ) ( 3,3 )
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),
( 2,3 ),( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,3 ) }
Probability =
( 1 ) the first ball has an even number and second ball has an odd number.
𝟐
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 2,1 ),( 2,3 ) } ( Ans; )
𝟗
( 2 ) the first ball has a number less than 3 and the second ball has a number
𝟐
greater than 2. ( Ans; )
𝟗
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,3 ),( 2,3 ) }
𝟏
( 3 ) the sum of the numbers on both balls will be 4. ( Ans; )
𝟑
( ကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အတျကး စဥး့စာ့နညး့အမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ကို ေရြ႕တျငး ရြငး့်ပခဲံေပ့်ပီ့်ဖစးသလို Probability တနးဖုိ့မ္ာ့
တျကးရနး အဓိကသိရနးလးိုအပးသညးမြာ the set of favourable outcomes ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ေနာကးပုစာၦ
မ္ာ့အာ့ the set of favourable outcomes ရြာသညးံအဆငးံအထိသာ တျကး်ပေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့ ်ဖစး်ပီ့
က္နးေသာအဆငးံမ္ာ့မြာ အတူတူသာ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ဆကးမ်ပထာ့ေတာံ်ခငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numerals Problem
54. How many two digit numerals ( numbers ) can you form from 1,2,3,4 and 5 ?
1,2,3,4,5 ဂဏနး့ငါ့လုဵ့ကိုသုဵ့်ပီ ဂဏနး့ႏြစးလုဵ့ပါကိနး့ ဘယးႏြစးလုဵ့ေရ့ႏုိငးသနညး့၈
( Number of possible outcomes ကိုေမ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၈ ) Ans; 25
replaced / not replaced မေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး replaced ကိုသာ ယူပါမညး၈
Page 256
Find the probability of

𝟏
( 1 ) a numerals which is divisible by 4. ( Ans; )
𝟓
𝟕
( 2 ) a numerals which is a prime number. ( Ans; )
𝟐𝟓
Tree diagram ဆျပ ဲ ါဟု မခိုငး့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံလညး့ေကာငး့ ဂဏနး့ႏြစးလုဵ့တညး့်ဖစး၊လညး့ေကာငး့ Tree
diagram ဆျ်ဲ ပီ့တျကးတျကး Table ဆျ်ဲ ပီ့တျကးတျကး ၾကိဳကးသလို တျကးႏိုငးပါသညး၈ ဂဏနး့သုဵလုဵ့ႏြငးံ
အထကးဆိုလ္ြငး Tree diagram ဆျ်ဲ ပီ့သာတျကးပါ၈ ( 2012 ပဲခူ့ / No 16 )
ဂဏနး့ ႏြစးလုဵ့၊သုဵ့လုဵ့၊ေလ့လုဵ့ပါကိနး့မ္ာ့စသညး်ဖငးံ ရြာခိုငး့လာပါက

ေကားမာမခဵ၊ ကျငး့မခတးရပါ။
Solution
Ones’ digit
1 2 3 4 5
1 11 12 13 14 15
Tens’ 2 21 22 23 24 25
didit 3 31 32 33 34 35
4 41 42 43 44 45
5 51 52 53 54 55
The set of all possible outcomes = { 11,12,13,14,15,21,22,23,24,25,31,32

,33,34,35,41,42,43,44,45, 51,52,53,54,55 }
Probability =
( 1 ) a numerals which is divisible by 4 ( 4 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံကိနး့မ္ာ့ )
The set of favourable outcomes = { 12,24,32,44,52 }
( 2 ) a numerals which is a prime number.

The set of favourable outcomes = { 11,13,23,31,41,43,53 }
Prime Number အလုဵ့ 100

2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37
41 43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89
97 101 103 107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151
157 163 167 173 179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223
227 229 233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281
283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349 353 359
367 373 379 383 389 397 401 409 419 421 431 433
439 443 449 457 461 463 467 479 487 491 499 503
509 521 523 541
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55. Draw a tree diagram to list all possible two digit numerals which can be
formed by using the digits 2,3,5 and 6 without repeating any digit. If one of these
numerals is chosen at random, find the probability that
Page 257
𝟏
( 1 ) it is divisible by 13. ( Ans; )
𝟒
𝟏
( 2 ) it is either a prime number or a perfect square. ( Ans; )
𝟑
( Tree diagram အာ့ ဆျမ ဲ ်ပေတာံပါ၈ ) ( 2013 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ / No 4 )
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { 23,25,26,32,35,36,52,53,56,62,63,65 }
( 1 ) it is divisible by 13. ( 13 ်ဖငးံစာ့လို႔်ပတးသညးံကိနး့မ္ာ့  13,26,39,52,65 )
The set of favourable outcomes = { 26,52,65 }
𝟑 𝟏
P ( it is divisible by 13 ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
it is either a prime number or a perfect square./

prime number ( သို႔ ) perfect square ်ဖစးေနသညးံကိနး့မ္ာ့
Prime number  23,53 Perfect square  25,36
( 2 ) The set of favourable outcomes = { 23,53,25,36 }
𝟒 𝟏
P (either a prime number or a perfect square) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟑
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56. How many two digit numerals can you form from 0,1,2,3 without repeating
any digit ? ( Ans; 9 ) ( 2011 ဧရာွတီ / No 26 )
𝟓
Find the probability of a numerals which is divisible by 2. ( Ans; )
𝟗
*** Numeral ပုစာၦေတျမြာ 0 ပါလာရငး သတိထာ့ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့တနးဖို့ည 0 ထာ့လို႔မရပါ၈
Solution
Tens’ digit Ones’ digit Possible outcomes
0 10
1 2 12
3 13
0 20
2 1 21
3 23
0 30
3 1 31
2 32
Page 258
The set of all possible outcomes = { 10,12,13,20,21,23,30,31,32 }

P ( a numerals which is divisible by 2 ) = ?
𝟓
P ( a numerals which is divisible by 2 ) =
𝟗

( a ) How many three digit numerals can you form from 2,5,6 and 0 without
repeating any digit ? ( Ans ; 18 ) ( 2006 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ / No 76 )
𝟐 𝟓
( 1 ) an odd number ( Ans; ) ( 2 ) a numerals which is a multiple of 5. ( Ans; )
𝟗 𝟗
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Numeral ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ထဲတျငး ေမ့ရို့ေမ့စဥးပုဵစဵမြ ေဖာကးထျကးေနေသာပုဵစဵအာ့ 2017 ကေမ့သျာ့ပါသညး၈
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57. How many 3 digits numbers less than 400 can you form by using 1,2,3 and 4
without repeating any digit ? If one of these numbers is chosen at random, find the
probability that it is divisivle by 3 but not divisible by 4. Find also the probability
𝟕 𝟒
that a number which is not divisivle by 3. ( Ans; , ) 2018 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 7
𝟏𝟖 𝟗
Solution
Hundreds’ digit Tens’ digit Ones’ digit Possible outcomes
3 123
2
4 124
2 132
1 3
4 134
2 142
4
3 143
3 213
1
4 214
1 231
2 3
4 234
1 241
4
3 243
Page 259
2 312
1
4 314
1 321
3 2
4 324
1 341
4
2 342
The set of all possible outcomes = { 123,124,132,134,142,143,213,214

,231,234,241,243,312,314,321,324,341,342 }
P ( the number which is divisivle by 3 but not divisible by 4 ) = ?

The set of favourable outcomes = { 123,213,231,234,243,321,342 }
𝟕
P ( the number that is divisivle by 3 but not divisible by 4 ) =
𝟏𝟖
P ( the number which is not divisivle by 3 ) = ?

The set of favourable outcomes = { 124,134,142,143,214,241,314,341 }
𝟖 𝟒
P ( the number which is not divisivle by 3 ) = =
𝟏𝟖 𝟗
ဤပုစာၦကိုေလံလာ်ပီ့ေနာကး numeral ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ numeral အာ့ မညးသညးံတနးဖို့
ႏြငးံမညးသညးံတနးဖို့ၾကာ်ဖစးရမညးဟု တနးဖို့ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့်ဖငးံေမ့ႏိုငးသညးကို သတိထာ့ရပါမညး၈
less than 400 ေနရာတျငး  less than 340 / greater than 140 / greater than
120 and less than 420 ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့အစာ့ထို့်ပီ့ အထကးပါ ပုစာၦအာ့တျကးၾကညးံပါ၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number Spinning
58. A spinner is equally likely to point to any one the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.
𝟏
What is the probability of scoring a number divisible by 2 ? ( Ans; )
𝟐
If the arrow is spun 1000 times, how many would you expect scoring a number not
divisible by 2 ? ( Ans; 500 ) ( 2012 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 13 )
အနးစာတုဵ့ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ၇ spinner လြညးံ်ခငး့ ၇ အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ စသညးံကိစၥမ္ာ့သညး replaced
တစးမ္ဳိ့ တညး့ယူရမညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ ေဂၚလီလုဵ့ႏႈိကး်ခငး့ လူေရျ့ထုတး်ခငး့ ကတး်ပာ့၊ disc မ္ာ့ေရျ့ ်ခငး့
စသညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့သညး replaced / not replaced ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ယူႏိုငးသညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖစး၍ ပုစာၦက ေပ့ထာ့သညးံ
အခ္ကးအေပၚ အေ်ခခဵ၍ ်ပနးယူ/မယူ ဆုဵ့်ဖတးရပါမညး။
Page 260
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 }
Probability =
𝟏
P ( scoring a number divisible by 2 ) = ? ( Ans; )
𝟐
𝟓 𝟏
P ( scoring a number divisible by 2 ) = =
𝟏𝟎 𝟐
P ( scoring a number not divisible by 2 ) = 1 – P ( scoring a number divisible by 2 )
𝟏 𝟏
= 1– =
𝟐 𝟐
Expected frequency of “scoring a number not divisible by 2” in 1000 times
𝟏
= x 1000 = 500
𝟐

( a ) A spinner is equally likely to point to any one the numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.
𝟑
𝟏𝟎
If the arrow is spun 1000 times, how many would you expect scoring a number not
divisible by 3 ? ( Ans; 700 )( 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 58 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) A spinner is equally likely to point to any one the numbers 2,5,6,7,8,9,10.
𝟒
𝟕
If the spinner is spun 700 times, how many would you expect scoring a number not
divisible by 2 ? ( Ans; 300 ) ( 2002 မေကျ့ / No 94 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
59. A spinner is equally likely to point to any one 1,2,3,4. Make a table of order
pairs ( 1st spin,2nd spin ).Find ( 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 22 )
𝟏
( 1 ) P ( second score is greater than 2 ) ( Ans; )
𝟐
𝟓
( 2 ) P ( total score not less than 5 ) ( Ans; ( Table ဆျခ
ဲ ိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦ်ဖစးသညး၈ )
𝟖
Solution
2nd spin
1 2 3 4
1 ( 1,1 ) ( 1,2 ) ( 1,3 ) ( 1,4 )
2 ( 2,1 ) ( 2,2 ) ( 2,3 ) ( 2,4 )
1st spin 3 ( 3,1 ) ( 3,2 ) ( 3,3 ) ( 3,4 )
4 ( 4,1 ) ( 4,2 ) ( 4,3 ) ( 4,4 )
Page 261
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,1 ),( 2,2 )
,( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,3 ),( 3,4 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,4 ) }
Probability =
( 1 ) P ( second score is greater than 2 )  ( ေနာကးတနးဖို့ 2 ထကးႀကီ့ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,3 ),( 1,4 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 3,3 ),
( 3,4 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,4 ) }
𝟖 𝟏
P ( second score is greater than 2 ) = =
𝟏𝟔 𝟐
( 2 ) P ( total score not less than 5 )
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 1,1 ),( 1,2 ),( 1,3 ), ( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),( 3,1 ) }
𝟔 𝟑
P ( total score not less than 5 ) = =
𝟏𝟔 𝟖
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60. A spinner is equally likely to point to any one the numbers 2,3,4 and 5.
Spinner တစးခုတျငး 2,3,4,5 ဂဏနး့တစးလုဵ့လ္ြငး တစးႀကိမးသာေရ့ထာ့မညး၈
The spinner is spun once and then a die is rolled .
Spinner ကို တစးႀကိမးလြညးံ်ပီ့ေနာကး အနးစာတုဵ့တစးတုဵ့ကို တစးႀကိမးလြိမးံမညး၈
Maked a table of ordered pairs ( Spinner, Die ).
( Spinner , Die ) အစုတျက
ဲ ိုကိုယးစာ့်ပဳမညးံ table တစးခုဆျပ
ဲ ါ၈
Find the probability that ( ေအာကးပါ probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ ရြာပါ၈ )
𝟑
( 1 ) the sum of two numbers is prime. ( Ans; ) ( 2012 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ - No 18 )
𝟖
𝟓
( 2 ) the product of two numbers is a multiple of 2 but not multiple of 3 Ans;
𝟏𝟐
Solution
Die
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 ( 2,1 ) ( 2,2 ) ( 2,3 ) ( 2,4 ) ( 2,5 ) ( 2,6 )
3 ( 3,1 ) ( 3,2 ) ( 3,3 ) ( 3,4 ) ( 3,5 ) ( 3,6 )
Spinner 4 ( 4,1 ) ( 4,2 ) ( 4,3 ) ( 4,4 ) ( 4,5 ) ( 4,6 )
5 ( 5,1 ) ( 5,2 ) ( 5,3 ) ( 5,4 ) ( 5,5 ) ( 5,6 )
The set of all possible outcomes =
{ ( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),( 2,3 ),( 2,4 ),( 2,5 ),( 2,6 ),( 3,1 ),( 3,2 ),( 3,3 ),
( 3,4 ),( 3,5 ),( 3,6 ),( 4,1 ),( 4,2 ),( 4,3 ),( 4,4 ),( 4,5 ),( 4,6 ),
( 5,1 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,3 ),( 5,4 ),( 5,5 ),( 5,6 ) }
Probability =
( 1 ) P ( the sum of two numbers is prime ) = ?
Page 262
( 4,3 ),( 5,2 ),( 5,6 ) }
𝟗 𝟑
P ( the sum of two numbers is prime ) = =
𝟐𝟒 𝟖
( 2 ) P ( the product of two numbers is a multiple of 2 but not multiple of 3 ) = ?

2 ်ဖငးံ စာ့၊်ပတး်ပီ့ 3 ်ဖငးံ စာ့၊မ်ပတးေသာ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့
1 2 3 4 5 6
2 2 4 6 8 10 12
3 3 6 9 12 15 18
4 4 8 12 16 20 24
5 5 10 15 20 25 30
အထကးပါ Table သညး ်မငးသာရနးထညးံေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့သာ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ထညးံဆျရ
ဲ နးမလိုပါ၈
2 ်ဖငးံ စာ့၊်ပတးေသာ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  2,4,6,8,10,12,16,18,20,24,30
3 ်ဖငးံ စာ့၊မ်ပတးေသာ ေ်မြာကးလဒးမ္ာ့  2,4,8,10,16,20
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( 2,1 ),( 2,2 ),( 4,1 ),( 2,4 ),( 4,2 ),( 2,5 )
,( 5,2 ),( 4,4 ),( 4,5 ),( 5,4 ) }
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
P ( the product of two numbers is a multiple of 2 but not multiple of 3 ) = =
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟐
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Letter Cards’ Problems
ခဵေဆာငးထာ့ေသာ၊ ေရ့ထာ့ေသာ
61. Eleven cards , bearing the letters E,X,A,M,I,N,A,T,I,O,N are placed in a box.
E,X,A,M,I,N,A,T,I,O,N စကာ့လုဵ့မြ စာလုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ခ္ငး့စီကို ကတး်ပာ့တစးခုစီေပၚတျငး ေရ့်ပီ့ ရလာေသာ ကတး်ပာ့
11 ခုကို ေသတၱာပုဵ့ချဵတစးခုထဲ ထညးံမညး၈
Three cards are drawn out at random without replacement.
ေရြ႕မြဆဲထ
ျ ုတးေသာကတး်ပာ့အာ့်ပနးမထညးံပဲ ေနာကးထပးကတး်ပာ့ထပးဆဲထ
ျ ုတး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ကတး်ပာ့သုဵ့ခုအာ့
ဆျဲထုတးမညး၈
Calculate the probability that ( ေအာကးပါ probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ တျကးပါ )
𝟐
( 1 ) three cards bear the letter A,I,M in that order.( Ans; )
𝟒𝟗𝟓
𝟒
( 2 ) in any order. ( Ans; )
𝟏𝟔𝟓
𝟐
( 1 ) three cards bear the letter A,I,M in that order. ( Ans; )( 12 ဧရာွတီ / No 17 )
𝟒𝟗𝟓
ေရျ့ထုတးလိုကးသညးံကတး်ပာ့သုဵ့ခုမြာ AIM ဆိုသညးံ အစီအစဥးသာ်ဖစးရမညးဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ AMI,IAM,
IMA,MAI,MIA စသညးံ အ်ခာ့အစီအစဥး 5 မ္ဳိ့အာ့မယူရပါ၈ ပထမကတး်ပာ့ေရျ့ထုတးသညးံအခ္ိနး၉
2
စုစုေပါငး့ 11 ကတးရြိ်ပီ့ A ကတး်ပာ့ ႏြစး်ပာ့သာရြိသ်ဖငးံ ပထမ ကတး်ပာ့ A ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ ်ဖစး
11
Page 263
2
သညး၈တစးခုသတိထာ့ရနးမြာ A ၏်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ 2 ခုရြိသ်ဖငးံ ဟုေရ့်ခငး့်ဖစး်ပီ့ ၁ငး့မြာ A ၏ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္
11
တနးဖို့သာ်ဖစး်ပီ့ A ႏြစးကတးလုဵ့အာ့ဆျဲထုတး်ခငး့မဟုတးပဲ A ႏြစးကတးအနကးတစးကတးကိုသာ ဆျထ ဲ ုတး
်ခငး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ပထမအႀကိမး ဆျထ
ဲ ုတး်ပီ့ခ္ိနး၉ box ထဲတျငး A တစးကဒးအပါအွငး ကတး်ပာ့ 10 ကတး
က္နးပါမညး၈ ဒုတိယကတး်ပာ့မြာ I က္ခ္ငးသ်ဖငးံ ကတး်ပာ့ ဆယး်ပာ့အနကး I ႏြစးကတးပါသ်ဖငးံ I က္မညးံ
2
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ ်ဖစးပါမညး၈ ထုိ႔အတူ တတိယကတး်ပာ့ ေရျ့ထုတး်ခငး့အတျကး box ထဲတျငး လကးက္နး
10
I တစးလုဵ့အပါအွငး ကတး်ပာ့ 9 ်ပာ့က္နးမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ M ကတး်ပာ့မြာ တစး်ပာ့သာပါသ်ဖငးံ M က္မညးံ
1
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ ်ဖစးပါမညး၈ ေအာကးပါအခ္ကးေလ့ကိုလညး့ သိထာ့ဖို႔လိုပါမညး၈
9
တစးခု်ပီ့တစးခုဆကးတိုကး်ဖစးေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့အတျကး ေရျ့ခ္ယးႏိုငးေသာ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့
A ်မိဳ႕မြ B ်မိဳ႕သို႔ ေ်ခလ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ လြညး့်ဖငးံ်ဖစးေစ သျာ့ႏိုငးသညး၈ B ်မိဳ႕မြ C ်မိဳ႕သို႔ ကာ့၇ရထာ့၇ေလြ တို႔်ဖငးံ

သျာ့ႏိုငးသညး၈ A ်မိဳ႕မြ C ်မိဳ႕သို႔ သျာ့ႏိုငးေသာ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့မြာ
A ်မိဳ႕မြ B ်မိဳ႕သို႔ B ်မိဳ႕မြ C ်မိဳ႕သို႔ A ်မိဳ႕မြ C ်မိဳ႕သို႔

ကာ့ ေ်ခလ္ြငး + ကာ့
ေ်ခလ္ြငး ရထာ့ ေ်ခလ္ြငး + ရထာ့
ေလြ ေ်ခလ္ြငး + ေလြ
ကာ့ လြညး့ + ကာ့
လြညး့ ရထာ့ လြညး့ + ရထာ့
ေလြ လြညး့ + ေလြ
်ဖစးပါက A ်မိဳ႕မြ C ်မိဳ႕သို႔ သျာ့ႏိုငးေသာ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့မြာ 6 မ္ဳိ့ ်ဖစးသညး၈ တစးနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ

A မြ C သို႔ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့ = A မြ B သို႔ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့ x B မြ C သို႔ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့
တစးခု်ပီ့တစးခုဆကးတိုကး်ဖစးေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့အတျကး ေရျ့ခ္ယးႏိုငးေသာ နညး့လမး့ေပါငး့ ( သို႔ )

စုစုေပါငး့ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္ တနးဖို့ကို လိုခ္ငးလ္ြငး
်ဖစးရပးတစးခုခ္ငး့စီ၏ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေခ္တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရမညး၈
အထကးပါပုစာၦမြလညး့ ပထမအၾကိမး ႏႈိကးယူ်ခငး့ ၇ ဒုတိယအၾကိမး ႏႈိကးယူ်ခငး့ ၇ တတိယအၾကိမး

ႏႈိကးယူ်ခငး့မ္ာ့အတျကး စုစုေပါငး့ ်ဖစးတနး့စျမး့တနးဖို့လိုခ္ငးပါက အဆငးံလိုကး ်ဖစးတနး့စျမး့တနးဖို့
တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရပါမညး၈
Solution
Probability =
( 1 ) P ( three cards bear the letter A,I,M in that order ) = P ( A and I and M )
=P(A)xP(I)xP(M)
Page 264
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
= x x = x x =
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 𝟗 𝟒𝟗𝟓
ဒုတိယနညး့
The set of all possible outcomes = { A1,A2,E,I1,I2,M,N1,N2,O,T,X }

Number of possible outcomes = 11x10x9 = 990  ( permutation နညး့်ဖငးံရြာ )
( 1 ) P ( three cards bear the letter A,I,M in that order ) = ?
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( A1, I1,M ), ( A1, I2,M ), ( A2, I1,M ), ( A2, I2,M ) }
𝟒 𝟐
P ( three cards bear the letter A,I,M in that order ) = =
𝟗𝟗𝟎 𝟒𝟗𝟓
𝟒
( 2 ) three cards bear the letter A,I,M in any order. ( Ans; )
𝟏𝟔𝟓
AIM အာ့ မညးသညးံအစီအစဥး်ဖစး်ဖစးရသ်ဖငးံ AIM,AMI,IAM,IMA,MAI,MIA အစီအစဥး ၃ မ္ဳိ့ရပါမညး၈

1ST CARD 2ND CARD 3RD CARD ေ်မြာကးလဒး
အကၡရာ A I M
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
အေရအတျကး 2 2 1 x x
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
အကၡရာ A M I 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
အကၡရာ I A M 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
အကၡရာ I M A 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
အကၡရာ M A I 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
အကၡရာ M I A 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
Solution
P ( three cards bear the letter A,I,M in any order ) =
P(A and I and M(or)A and M and I(or)I and A and M(or)I and M and A(or)M and A
and I(or)M and I and A)
=(P(A)xP(I)xP(M))+(P(A)xP(I)xP(M))+(P(A)xP(I)xP(M))
+ ( P ( A ) x P ( I ) x P ( M ) ) +( P ( A ) x P ( I ) x P ( M ) ) +( P ( A ) x P ( I ) x P ( M ) )
Page 265
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
=( x x )+( x x ) +( x x ) +( x x )
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
+( x x ) +( x x )=6( x x ) = 62 ( x x )
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟓 𝟗𝟑
𝟒
=
𝟏𝟔𝟓
စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနး
P ( the three cards bear two A and I in that order )

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62. Eleven card baring the letter – M,A,T,H,E,M,A,T,I,C,S are placed in a box. Two
cards are drawn at random without replacement.Find the probability that
𝟏
( 1 ) two cards bear the latters A,C in that order ( Ans; )
𝟓𝟓
𝟑
( 2 ) two cards are the same latters ( Ans; ) ( 2009 ကခ္ငး / No 49 )
𝟓𝟓
နဵပါတး ( ှ ) အတျကး အေပၚတျငး ပုဵစဵတူ တျကး်ပ်ပီ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ကိုယးံဘာသာကိုယး တျကးၾကညးံပါ၈
( 2 ) two cards are of the same latters

M,A,T,H,E,M,A,T,I,C,S
အကၡရာမ္ာ့
M ႏြစးလုဵ့ / A ႏြစးလဵု့ / T ႏြစးလုဵ့ / H တစးလုဵ့ / E တစးလုဵ့ / I တစးလုဵ့ / C တစးလုဵ့ / S တစးလုဵ့ = 11လုဵ့
တူေသာအကၡရာမ္ာ့  M ႏြစးလုဵ့ / A ႏြစးလဵု့ / T ႏြစးလုဵ့
ေရျ့ထုတးလိုကးေသာကတး်ပာ့မ္ာ့သညး တူေသာအကၡရာမ္ာ့ ်ဖစးရမညးဆိုသ်ဖငးံ
( M,M ) or ( A,A ) or ( T,T ) ်ဖစးရပါမညး၈
Solution
Probability =
P ( two cards are of the same latters )
= P ( 1st card is M and 2nd card is M (or) 1st card is A and 2nd card is A
(or) 1st card is T and 2nd card is T )
=(P(M)xP(M))+(P(A)xP(A))+(P(T)xP(T))
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
=( x ) +( x ) +( x )=
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟓𝟓
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63. Eight cards , bearing the letters P,A,R,A,L,L,E,L are placed in a box. Three cards
are drawn out at random without replacement. Calculate the probability that
𝟑
( 1 ) three cards bear the letters A,L,E in that order . ( Ans; )
𝟐𝟖
Page 266
𝟔
( 2 ) the first two cards bear different letters. ( Ans; ) ( 2007 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 60 )
𝟕
နဵပါတး ( ှ ) အတျကး အေပၚတျငး ပုဵစဵတူ တျကး်ပ်ပီ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ကိုယးံဘာသာကိုယး တျကးၾကညးံပါ၈
( 2 ) the first two cards bear different letters.

P,A,R,A,L,L,E,L
အကၡရာမ္ာ့  P တစးလုဵ့ / A ႏြစးလဵု့ / R တစးလုဵ့ / L သုဵ့လုဵ့ / E တစးလုဵ့ = 8 လုဵ့
တစးလုဵ့တညး့ အကၡရာမ္ာ့  P / R / E
တစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာ အကၡရာမ္ာ့  A / L
ကတး ၀ ကတးေရျ့ထုတးမညး၈ ေရြ႕ ဿ ကတးသညး မတူေသာအကၡရာမ္ာ့်ဖစးရမညးဟုသာ ေ်ပာထာ့်ပီ့
ေနာကးဆုဵ့အကၡရာ ဘာ်ဖစးရမညးဟု ထညးံမေ်ပာထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့အကၡရာဘာ်ဖစး်ဖစး ်ဖစးချငးံရြိပါ
သညး၈ ေရြ႕ ဿ ကတးအတျကး အကၡရာ မတူေသာ အစီအစဥးကို  ေရြ႕ ဿ ကတးအတျကး ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ
အစီအစဥးအာ့လုဵ့မြ အကၡရာ တူေသာ အစီအစဥးကို ႏႈတး ေပ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ရလာပါမညး၈ ်ပနးထပးႏိုငးေသာ
အစီအစဥးအတျကး ေရျ့လိုကးေသာ အကၡရာသညး တစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာ အကၡရာ်ဖစးရပါမညး၈
တစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာအကၡရာမ္ာ့မြာ A ႏြငးံ L ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ေရြ႕ ဿ ကတးအတျကး အကၡရာတူေနေသာ
အစီအစဥးမြာ
( 1 ) ပထမကဒး A ၇ဒုတိယကဒး A ႏြငးံ တတိယကဒးဘာ်ဖစး်ဖစး
( 2 ) ပထမကဒး L ၇ဒုတိယကဒး L ႏြငးံ တတိယကဒးဘာ်ဖစး်ဖစး
ပထမကဒး A ၇ဒုတိယကဒး A ႏြငးံ တတိယကဒးဘာ်ဖစး်ဖစး
ပထမကတး A ကို ေရျ့ထုတး်ခငး့အတျကး စုစုေပါငး့ 8 ကတး / A ႏြစးကတးရြိသညးံအတျကး ပကတး A

𝟐
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ =
𝟖
ဒုတိယကတး A ကိုေရျ့ထုတး်ခငး့အတျကး စုစုေပါငး့ 7 ကတး / A တစးကတးရြိသညးံအတျကး ဒုကတး A
𝟏
𝟕
တတိယကတး ဘာကတးက္က္အတျကး စုစုေပါငး့ 6 ကတး / 6 ကတးလုဵ့်ဖစးချငးံရြိသညးံအတျကး တ‟ကတး
𝟔
𝟔
ဤနညး့အတိုငး့ က္နးေသာတစးပိုငး့အာ့ ဆကးစဥး့စာ့ယူပါ၈
Solution
Probability =
P ( the first two cards bear different letters ) = 1 – P ( the first two cards bear the
same letters )
P ( the first two cards bear the same letters )

= ( P ( 1st card is A ) x P ( 2nd card is A ) x P ( 3rd card is any latter ) )
Page 267
+ ( P ( 1st card is A ) x P ( 2nd card is A ) + P ( 3rd card is any latter ) )

𝟐 𝟏 𝟔 𝟑 𝟐 𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
=( x x )+( x x )= ( x )+( x ) = + = =
𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟕 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟖 𝟕
𝟏 𝟔
P ( the first two cards bear different letters ) = 1 – =
𝟕 𝟕
စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနး
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
P ( all possible orders of single letters ) = ? Ans ; ( 6 ( x x )= )
𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟓𝟔

( a ) Ten cards bearing the letters P,R,O,P,O,R,T,I,O,N are placed in a box.Three cards
are drawn out at random without replacement. Calculate the probabilities that
three cards bear the letters P,O,T in that order and in any order.
𝟏 𝟏
( Ans ; , )( 2009 မေကျ့ / No 43 )
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Drawing Ball / Disc / Marbles & Car parking Problems
One bag ( or ) Box ( Replaced )
Tree diagram မဆျပ ဲ ဲတျကးခိုငး့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
64. A box contains 15 balls of which 4 are white, 5 are red and 6 are blue.
Box တစးခုထဲတျငး အ်ဖဴေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့ငယး 4 လုဵ့၇ အနီေရာငး 5 လုဵ့၇ အ်ပာေရာငး 6 လုဵ့ စုစုေပါငး့
ေဘာလုဵ့ငယး 15 လုဵ့ ထညးံထာ့သညး၈ ( 14 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ / No 10 )
တစးခု်ပီ့တစးခု
Two balls are to be drawn at random in succession , each being replaced after its
colour has been noted.
ေဘာလုဵ့ငယးတစးလုဵ့ႏႈိကးယူ်ပီ့အေရာငးအာ့မြတး၊ Box ထဲသို႔်ပနးထညးံ၊ ေနာကးထပးတစးလုဵ့ႏႈိကးယူမညး
Find the probability that ( ေအာကးပါ probability တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ ရြာပါ )

𝟕𝟕
( 1 ) two balls drawn out are of the same colour. ( Ans; )
𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝟐𝟎𝟗
( 2 ) at least one of the two balls drawn out is not white. ( Ans; )
𝟐𝟐𝟓
( 1 ) two balls drawn out are of the same colour.

ဆျထ
ဲ ုတးလိုကးေသာေဘာလုဵ့ငယးႏြစးခုလုဵ့ အေရာငးတူက္ႏိုငးေသာ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အထကးပါ ကိစၥသညး replaced ပုစာၦ်ဖစးသညးကို သတိထာ့ရမညး၈ ဆျထ
ဲ ုတးလိုကးေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့ငယး
ႏြစးခုလုဵ့အေရာငးတူက္ႏိုငးေသာ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ရြာခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ ႏြစးလုဵ့စလုဵ့အ်ဖဴေရာငး ( သို႔ ) အနီေရာငး ( သို႔ )
အနီေရာငး်ဖစးေသာအတျမ ဲ ္ာ့ကို ရြာေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ႏြစးလုဵ့စလုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး်ဖစး်ခငး့အတျအဲ တျကး ပထမ
𝟒
ေဘာလုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး်ဖစး်ခငး့အတျကး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ စုစုေပါငး့ 15 လုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး 4 လုဵ့ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
𝟏𝟓
ဟုရလာပါမညး၈ ဒုတိယေဘာလုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး်ဖစး်ခငး့ အတျကး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာလညး့ ပထမႏႈိကးယူေသာ
Page 268
𝟒
ေဘာလုဵ့အာ့ ်ပနးထညးံမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ စုစုေပါငး့ 15 လုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး 4 လုဵ့ ပငး်ဖစး သ်ဖငးံ ဟုပငး ရပါမညး၈
𝟏𝟓
အ်ခာ့အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့အတျကးလညး့ ထိုနညး့အတိုငး့ပငး စဥး့စာ့ယူရပါမညး၈
Solution
Probability =
P ( two balls drawn out are of the same colour )

= [ P( 1st ball is white ) x P( 2nd ball is white ) ]
+ [ P( 1st ball is red ) x P( 2nd ball is red ) ]
+ [ P( 1st ball is blue ) x P( 2nd ball is blue ) ]
𝟒 𝟒 𝟓 𝟓 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟔 𝟕𝟕
=( x )+( x )+( x )= + + =
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
( 2 ) at least one of the two balls drawn out is not white.

ေဘာလုဵ့ငယးႏြစးလုဵ့အနကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့ေဘာလုဵ့ငယးတစးလုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငးမ်ဖစးမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အနညး့ဆုဵ့ ေဘာလုဵ့ငယးတစးလုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး မ်ဖစးရ ဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ႏြစးလုဵ့စလုဵ့ မ်ဖစးလညး့ ရပါသညး၈
at least ဆို ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ တနးဖို့ ( သို႔ ) အေ်ခအေန ႏြငးံ အထကး ကိုယူ
at most ဆို ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ တနးဖို့ ( သို႔ ) အေ်ခအေန ႏြငးံ ေအာကး ကိုယူ
ယူႏိုငးေသာအေ်ခအေန ၀ ရပး
( 1 ) ေရြ႕ေဘာလုဵ့ငယး အ်ဖဴေရာငး ႏြငးံ ေနာကး ေဘာလုဵ့ငယး အ်ဖဴေရာငးမ်ဖစး်ခငး့
( 1 ) ေရြ႕ေဘာလုဵ့ငယး အ်ဖဴေရာငး မ်ဖစး်ခငး့ ႏြငးံ ေနာကးေဘာလုဵ့ငယး အ်ဖဴေရာငး
( 1 ) ေရြ႕ေဘာလုဵ့ငယး အ်ဖဴေရာငးမ်ဖစး်ခငး့ ႏြငးံ ေနာကးေဘာလုဵ့ငယး အ်ဖဴေရာငးမ်ဖစး်ခငး့
( သို႔မဟုတး )
2nd white 2nd not white
1st white ( 1st white , 2nd white ) ( 1st white , 2nd not white )
1st not white ( 1st not white , 2nd white ) ( 1st not white , 2nd not white )
အထကးပါ table အာ့ၾကညးံလ္ြငး လိုေသာအေ်ခအေန ၀ မ္ဳိ့အာ့ တိုကးရိုကး တျကးယူႏိုငးသလို

1 – P ( 1st not white , 2nd not white ) မြလညး့ တျကးယူႏိုငးသညးကို ေတျ႕ရပါမညး၈
ေအာကးတျငး 1 မြ ႏႈတးယူသညးံ နညး့ ်ဖငးံသာတျကး်ပပါမညး၈
Solution
P ( at least one of the two balls drawn out is not white )
= 1 – P ( 1st ball is not white and 2nd is not white )
Page 269
𝟒 𝟒
= 1 – [ P ( 1st ball is not white ) x P ( 2nd ball is not white ) ] = 1 – ( x )
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟎𝟗
=1– =
𝟐𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65. A box contain 12 Discs which 3 are white , 4 are red and 5 blue. Two discss are
to be drawn out at random in sussession e, each being replaced after it colour has
been noted.Find the probability that ( 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 11 )
𝟐𝟓
( 1 ) both of the two discs drawn out are blue. ( Ans; )
𝟏𝟒𝟒
( 1 အာ့ ကိုယးံဘာသာကိုယး တျကးၾကညးံပါ၇ )
( 2 ) exactly one of the two discs drawn out is blue.
( 2 ) exactly one of the two discs drawn out is blue.

disc ်ပာ့ႏြစးခုအနကး တစးခုသာတိတိက္က္ အ်ပာေရာငး်ဖစးရမညးဆိုသ်ဖငးံ တစးခု်ဖစးတစးခုမ်ဖစးကိုသာ
ယူရပါမညး၈ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖစးတာ ႏြငးံ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့မ်ဖစးတာ မယူရပါ၈
Solution
( 2 ) P ( exactly one of the two discs drawn out is blue )
= P ( 1st disc is blue and 2nd disc is not blue ( or ) 1st disc is not blue and 2nd disc is
blue )
= [ P ( 1st disc is blue ) x P ( 2nd disc is not blue ) ] + [ P ( 1st disc is not blue ) x P ( 2nd
disc is blue ) ]
𝟓 𝟕 𝟕 𝟓 𝟑𝟓 𝟑𝟓
=( x )+( x )=2( )=
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟒𝟒 𝟕𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
66. A box contain 5 white balls , some red balls and some black balls.The
𝟏 𝟏
probability of drawing a red ball is , the probability of a black ball is . Find the
𝟑 𝟐
total number of balls in the box. ( Ans; 30 )( 2006 ကခ္ငး / No 75 )
စဥး့စာ့နညး့ ( 1 )
Box တစးခုထဲမြာ အ်ဖဴေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့ ၂ လုဵ့၇ အနီေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့အခ္ဳိ႕ ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့
𝟏
အခ္ဳိ႕ရြိသညး၈ အနီေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့အတျကး Probability တနးဖို့ကို ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့
𝟑
𝟏
အတျကး Probability တနးဖို့ကို ်ဖစး သညးဟုေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ စုစုေပါငး့ ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကးကို
𝟐
ေမ့ထာ့သညး၈ စုစုေပါငး့ ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကး မသိသ်ဖငးံ x ထာ့ပါ၈ ထိုအခါအ်ဖဴေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့၏
𝟓 𝟏
Probability တနးဖို့မြာ အနီေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့၏ Probability တနးဖို့ကို ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့
𝒙 𝟑
𝟏
၏ Probability တနးဖို့ကို အသီ့သီ့်ဖစးလာမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ Probability အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့်ခငး့တနးဖို့မြာ 1
𝟐
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ + + = 1 မြ x တနးဖို့အာ့ ရြာယူႏိုငးမညး်ဖစးသညး၈
𝒙 𝟑 𝟐
Page 270
Solution
Let the total number of balls = x
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
So , P ( white balls ) = , P ( red balls ) = , P ( black balls ) =
𝒙 𝟑 𝟐
By problem ,
P ( white balls ) + P ( red balls ) + P ( black balls ) = 1
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
+ + =1
𝒙 𝟑 𝟐
𝟓 𝟐:𝟑
+ =1
𝒙 𝟔
𝟓 𝟓
+ =1
𝒙 𝟔
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
=1– =
𝒙 𝟔 𝟔
x = 30
 Total number of balls = 30
စဥး့စာ့နညး့ ( 2 )
အနီေရာငး ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငး အေရအတျကးကိုမသိသ်ဖငးံ အနီေရာငးအေရအတျကးကို x , အနကးေရာငး
အေရအတျကးကို y ထာ့ပါ၈ ထိုအခါ
စုစုေပါငး့ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကး = အ်ဖဴေရာငး + အနီေရာငး + အနကးေရာငး = 5 + x + y လုဵ့
𝟏
်ဖစးလာမညး်ဖစးသညး၈ပုစာၦတျငး အနီေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့၏ probability တနးဖို့ကို ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ
𝟑
စုစုေပါငး့ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကး = 5 + x + y
အနီေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကး = x
𝒙 𝟏
အနီေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့အတျကး probability တနးဖို့= ဟုရြာ်ပီ့ ႏြငးံ ညီေပ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ Equation
𝟓:𝒙:𝒚 𝟑
( 1 ) ရလာမညး၈
ထို႔အတူအနကးေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့အတျကး probability တနးဖို့မြ Equation ( 2 ) အာ့ ရြာယူ်ပီ့ လိုေသာ
တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ကိုရြငး့ယူပါ၈
Solution
Let Number of red balls = x
Number of black balls = y
Number of white balls = 5
Total umber of balls = Number of possible outcomes = x + y + 5
𝒙
P ( red balls ) =
𝟓:𝒙:𝒚
𝒚
P ( black balls ) =
𝟓:𝒙:𝒚
by given ,
𝒙 𝟏
=
𝟓:𝒙:𝒚 𝟑
3x = 5 + x + y
2x – y = 5  ( 1 )
Page 271
𝒚 𝟏
=
𝟓:𝒙:𝒚 𝟐
2y = 5 + x + y
x–y=–5(2)
2x – y = 5  ( 1 )
(– ) x–y=–5(2)
x = 10 in ( 1 )
20 – y = 5 and y = 15
Total number of balls = 5 + 10 + 15 = 30
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Not Replaced
Tree diagram မဆျပ
ဲ ဲတက
ျ းခိုငး့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
67. A bag contain 5 blue , 4 red and 3 white balls. A ball is picked out at random
and not replaced. A second ball is picked out at random and not replaced. Calculate
the probability that ( 2008 မေကျ့ / No 53 )
( 1 ) both ball are red
( 2 ) one ball is red and the other blue.
Solution
Probability =
( 1 ) P ( both ball are red )
= P ( 1st ball is red and 2nd ball is red ) = P ( 1st ball is red ) x P ( 2nd ball is red )
𝟒 𝟑
= x  ( not replaced )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝟏
=
𝟏𝟏
( 2 ) P ( one ball is red and the other blue )

= P ( 1st ball is red and 2nd ball is blue ( or ) 1st ball is blue and 2nd ball is red )
= P ( 1st ball is red and 2nd ball is blue ) + P ( 1st ball is blue and 2nd ball is red )
= [ P ( 1st ball is red ) x P ( 2nd ball is blue ) ] + [ P ( 1st ball is blue ) x P ( 2nd ball is
red ) ]
𝟒 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
=( x )+( x )  ( not replaced )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟏
𝟓 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
=2( x )=
𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
68. A bag contain 10 red , 9 blue , 5 white balls, three balls are drawn out and
without replacement Find the probability that all three balls are the same colour.
Solution ( 2009 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ / No 47 )
Let R = red ball , B = blue ball , W = white ball
Number of possible outcomes = 10 + 9 + 5 = 24
Page 272

Probability =
P ( all three balls are the same colour )
= P ( three balls are red or three balls are blue or three balls are white )
= ( P( R ) x P( R ) x P( R ) ) +( P( B ) x P( B ) x P( B ) ) + ( P( W ) x P( W ) x P( W ) )
𝟏𝟎 𝟗 𝟖 𝟗 𝟖 𝟕 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑
=( x x )+( x x )+( x x )  ( not replaced )
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
= ( 10 x x )+( 3x x )+( x x )
𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟐
𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟏 𝟓 𝟔𝟎 𝟒𝟐 𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟕
=( )+( )+( )==( )+( )+( )=
𝟓𝟎𝟔 𝟓𝟎𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69. A box contains 12 balls – 3 red , 3 blue , 3 green , 3 yellow. Three balls are
drawn out at random is succession without replacement. Find the probability that
the first is red , the second is green or blue and the third yellow. ( 08 မႏ ၱေလ့ / 52 )
Solution
Probability =
P ( 1st ball is red , 2nd ball is green or blue and 3rd ball is yellow )
= P ( 1st ball is red ) x P ( 2nd ball is green or blue ) x P ( 3rd ball is yellow )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
=( )x( + )x( )  ( not replaced )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟔 𝟑
=( )x( )x( )
𝟒 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
=( )x( )x( )=
𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟐𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
70. A bag contain 25 balls of which 12 are white , 5 are red and 8 are blue. Three
balls are drawn at random buy not replaced. Calculate the probability that all
three balls will be different colour. ( 2012 မေကျ့ / No 14 )
Solution
Let W = white ball , R = red ball , B = blue ball
P ( all three balls will be different colour )
= P ( WRB or WBR or RWB or RBW or BWR or BRW )
= P ( WRB ) + P ( WBR ) + P ( RWB ) + P ( RBW ) + P ( BWR ) + P ( BRW )
𝟏𝟐 𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟖 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟐 𝟖 𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟐
=( x x )+( x x )+( x x )+( x x )
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑
𝟖 𝟏𝟐 𝟓 𝟖 𝟓 𝟏𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟒
+( x x )+( x x )=6( x x )=2( x )=
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟓 𝟐𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 273
Tree diagram ဆျ်ဲ ပီ့တျကးခိုငး့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့

71. A box contain 5 marbles , 3 are blue , 1 white and 1 red . Two marbles are
drawn out one after another without replacement. Draw a tree diagram to descrbe
all possible outcomes.Find the probability of ( 1 ) at least one blue marble.
( 2 ) at most one blue marble. ( 3 ) exactly one blue marble. ( 2007 ပဲခူ့ / No 63 )
Tree diagram အာ့ ကိုယးံဘာသာ ဆျၾဲ ကညးံပါ၈
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( B1 , B2 ),( B1 , B3 ),( B1 , W ),( B1 , R ),
( B2 , B1 ),( B2 , B3 ), ( B2 , W ),( B2 , R ),( B3 , B1 ),( B3 , B2 ),( B3 , W ),( B3 , R ),
( W , B1 ),( W , B2 ),( W , B3 ),( W , R ),( R , B1 ),( R , B2 ), ( R , B3 ),( R , W ) }

( 1 ) at least one blue marble.
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( B1 , B2 ),( B1 , B3 ),( B1 , W ),( B1 , R ),
( B2 , B1 ),( B2 , B3 ), ( B2 , W ),( B2 , R ),( B3 , B1 ),( B3 , B2 ),( B3 , W ),( B3 , R ),
( W , B1 ),( W , B2 ),( W , B3 ),( R , B1 ),( R , B2 ),( R , B3 ) }
𝟏𝟖 𝟗
P ( at least one blue marble ) = =
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( 2 ) at most one blue marble.

The set of favourable outcomes = { ( B1 , W ),( B1 , R ),( B2 , W ),( B2 , R ),
( B3 , W ),( B3 , R ), ( W , B1 ),( W , B2 ),( W , B3 ),( W , R ),( R , B1 ),( R , B2 ),
( R , B3 ),( R , W ) }
𝟏𝟒 𝟕
P ( at most one blue marble ) = =
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( 3 ) exactly one blue marble.

The set of favourable outcomes = { ( B1 , W ),( B1 , R ),( B2 , W ),( B2 , R ),( B3 ,
W ),( B3 , R ),
( W , B1 ),( W , B2 ),( W , B3 ),( R , B1 ),( R , B2 ),( R , B3 ) }
𝟏𝟐 𝟑
P ( exactly one blue marble ) = =
𝟐𝟎 𝟓
Tree Diagram မဆျပ

ဲ ဲတျကးနညး့
အကယး၊ ဤပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့အာ့ Tree Diagram မဆျပ
ဲ ဲတက
ျ းခိုငး့လာမညးဆိုလ္ြငး မညးကဲံသို႔တျကးရမညးကို
ေအာကးတျငး တျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး၈ မညးသို႔ေမ့ေမ့ ေ်ဖတတးေစရနးနာ့လညးေအာငး တျကးခ္ကးေလံက္ငးံ
ၾကညးံေစခ္ငးပါသညး၈
( 1 ) at least one blue marble ( ႏြစးလုဵ့အနကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ အ်ပာေရာငး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
Page 274
P ( at least one blue marble ) = 1 – P ( both marbles are not blue )

= 1 – P ( 1st marble is not blue and 2nd marble is not blue )
= 1 – [ P ( 1st marble is not blue ) x P ( 2nd marble is not blue ) ]
𝟐 𝟏
= 1 – ( x )  ( not replaced )
𝟓 𝟒
𝟏 𝟗
=1– =
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
ေရျ့ခ္ယးမႈ ဿ ခုတျငး at least one of A ေမ့ပါက
at least one of A = 1 – P ( both not A ) = 1 – [ P ( not A ) x P ( not A ) ]

at least one of A and B = 1 – P ( both not A and B ) = 1 – [ P ( not A ) x P ( not B ) ]
( 1 ) at most one blue marble ( ႏြစးလုဵ့အနကး အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ အ်ပာေရာငး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )

P ( at most one blue marble ) = 1 – P ( both marbles are blue )
= 1 – P ( 1st marble is blue and 2nd marble is blue )
= 1 – [ P ( 1st marble is blue ) x P ( 2nd marble is blue ) ]
𝟑 𝟐
=1–( x )  ( not replaced )
𝟓 𝟒
𝟑 𝟏
=1–( x )
𝟓 𝟐
𝟑 𝟕
=1– =
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
ေရျ့ခ္ယးမႈ ဿ ခုတျငး at most one of A ေမ့ပါက
at most one of A = 1 – P ( both A ) = 1 – [ P ( A ) x P ( A ) ]

at most one of A and B = 1 – P ( both A and B ) = 1 – [ P ( A ) x P ( B ) ]
( 3 ) P ( exactly one blue marble )

= P ( 1st marble is blue and 2nd marble is not blue ( or ) 1st marble is not blue and
2nd marble is blue )
= [P( 1st marble is blue ) x P( 2nd marble is not blue )]+[P( 1st marble is not blue ) x
P( 2nd marble is blue )]
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
=( x )+( x ) =2( x )=
𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓

( a ) A box contain 5 discs 1 green , 2 yellow and 2 blue. A disc is chosen and the
colour is recorded and the disc is not replaced. Then another disc is chosen and the
colour is recorded . Draw tree diagram. Find the probability of ( 2010 ပဲခူ့ / No 34 )
𝟏
( 1 ) two discs drawn out are the same colour. ( Ans; )
𝟓
Page 275
𝟒
( 2 ) two discs drawn out are different colour. ( Ans; )
𝟓
( b ) A jar contains 6 red sweets ,4 yellow sweets ,5 green sweets .Three sweets are
taken at random from the jar, one after another without replacement. Find the
probability that ( 2006 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ / No 73 )
𝟒
( 1 ) the sweets will each be red. ( Ans; )
𝟗𝟏
𝟒
( 2 ) the three sweets are different colours ( Ans; )
𝟗𝟏
***
( c ) A bag contains 3 white , 5 blue and 6 red marbles, find the probability that
( 1 ) One marble is drawn at random, find the probability that it is not red.
( 2 ) Two marbles are drown at random one after another without replacement
Find the probability that they are both white. ( 2004 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 87 )
𝟒 𝟑
Ans; ( 1 ) (2)
𝟕 𝟗𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72. A box contains 2 black , 4 white and 3 red balls. ( 2013 ရခိုငး / 8 )
Box တစးခုထဲမြာ အနကးေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့ ဿ လုဵ့ အ်ဖဴေရာငး ၁ လုဵ့ အနီေရာငး ၀ လုဵ့ ထညးံထာ့တယး၈
ေဘ့ဖယးထာ့သညး။
One ball is drawn at random from the box, and kept aside.
ေဘာလုဵ့ ှ လုဵ့ႏႈိကးယူ်ပီ့ အေရာငးမြတး၊ ်ပနးမထညးံပဲ ေဘ့ဖယးထာ့လိုကးမယး၈
From the remaining balls in the box, another ball is drawn at random and kept
beside the first. က္နးေသာေဘာလုဵ့မ္ာ့ထဲမြ ေနာကးတစးလုဵ့ႏႈိကးယူ၊ ေရြ႕နညး့တူ ဖယးထာ့မညး၈
This process is repeated till all the ball are drown from the box.
Box ထဲမြ ေဘာလုဵ့အာ့လုဵ့ကုနးသျာ့သညးအထိ ထိုနညး့အတိုငး့ထပးတလဲလဲ လုပးပါမညး၈
Find the probability that the balls drawn are in the sequence of 2 black , 4 white
and 3 red. ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ႏြစးလုဵ့အနကးေရာငး ်ပီ့လ္ြငး အ်ဖဴေရာငးေလ့လုဵ့ ်ပီ့လ္ြငး အနီေရာငးသုဵ့လုဵ့က္မညးံ
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ရြာပါ၈
Solution
Let B = black ball , W = white ball , R = red ball ( not replaced )
Probability =
P ( the balls drawn are in the sequence of 2 black , 4 white and 3 red )
= P ( B,B,W,W,W,W,R,R,R )
= P( B ) P( B ) P( W ) P( W ) P( W ) P( W ) P( R ) P( R ) P( R )
𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= x x x x x x x x = x x x = x =
𝟗 𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟗 𝟕 𝟓 𝟒 𝟔𝟑 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 276
73. A bag contains 3k red marbles and 5k blue marbles. A marbles is to be drawn
at random from the bag.
( 1 ) What is the probability that this marble will be red ?
Given that this marble is red and is not replaced in the bag ,
( 2 ) what is the probability that the next marble drawn at random will be red?
𝟒
If the probability of the next drawn at random is ,
𝟏𝟏
( 3 ) find the number of blue marbles in the bag. ( 07 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ - 02 ရနးကုနး / No 62 )
Solution
Number of marbles = Number of possible outcomes = 3k + 5k = 8k
Probability =
( 1 ) P ( one marble drawn out will be red ) = ?
Number of favourable outcomes = 3k
𝟑𝒌 𝟑
P ( one marble drawn out will be red ) = =
𝟖𝒌 𝟖
( 2 ) P ( the next marble drawn will be red ) = ?

Number of possible outcomes = 8k – 1
Number of favourable outcomes = 3k – 1
𝟑𝒌;𝟏
P ( the next marble drawn will be red ) =
𝟖𝒌;𝟏
စုစုေပါငး့ marble အလုဵ့ေပါငး့ 8k မြ တစးလုဵ့ဖယးထုတး်ခငး့အာ့ 8k – 1 လုဵ့ ဟုမယူပဲ 7k ဟု

မြာ့ယူတတး်ခငး့အာ့ အထူ့သတိထာ့ပါ။ ထို႕အတူ အနီေရာငး အတျကးလညး့ 3k – 1 အစာ့ 2k ဟု
မြာ့မေရ့မိရနး သတိထာ့ပါ။
( 3 ) by given,
𝟒
P ( the next marble drawn will be red ) =
𝟏𝟏
𝟑𝒌;𝟏 𝟒
=
𝟖𝒌;𝟏 𝟏𝟏
33k – 11 = 32k – 4
33k – 32k = 11 – 4
k=7
Number of blue marbles = 5k = 5 ( 7 ) = 35
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Car parking
74. In a car park, there are 7 white cars , 5 balck cars and x red cars. One car is
𝟏
chosen at random. Given that the probability that it will be red is .
𝟓
Calculate the value of x ; find the probability that ( 2014 မေကျ့ / No 3 )
( 1 ) the first three cars that will leave the car park will be different color.
( 2 ) the first three cars that will leave the car park will be the same color.
Solution
Number of total cars = Number of possible outcomes = 7 + 5 + x = 12 + x
Page 277
𝟏
P ( one black car is chosen ) =
𝟓
Probability =
Number of red cars = Number of favourable outcomes = x
𝒙
P ( one black car is chosen ) =
𝟏𝟐:𝒙
By given ,
𝒙 𝟏
=
𝟏𝟐:𝒙 𝟓
5x = 12 + x
4x = 12
x=3
Number of red cars = x = 3
Number of total cars = Number of possible outcomes = 12 + 3 = 15
( 1 ) the first three cars that will leave the car park will be different color.
ကာ့ပါကငးထဲမြ ထျကးချာသျာ့ေသာ ကာ့သုဵ့စီ့သညး အေရာငးမတူရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
ကာ့ပါကငးထဲမြ ကာ့တစးစီ့ထျကးချာ်ခငး့သညး ်ပနးွငးလာမညးမဟုတးသ်ဖငးံ not replaced ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
အေရာငးမတူရမညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ဟုဆိုသ်ဖငးံ 1 ထဲမြ သုဵ့စီ့လုဵ့အေရာငးတူံ်ဖစးေနသညးံ WWW သို႕ BBB
သို႔ RRR ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ဖယးထုတးေပ့ရမညးဟုအမြတးမြာ့တတးပါသညး၈ သို႔ေသား သုဵ့စီ့လုဵ့အေရာငး
မတူံရဟုဆို်ခငး့သညး သုဵ့စီ့အနကးႏြစးစီ့အေရာငးတူ်ခငး့ပါ်ဖစးချငးံမရြိသ်ဖငးံ WWB,WBW,BWW,
WWR,WRW,RWW,WBB,BWB,BBW,WRR,RWR,RRW,BBR,BRB,RBB,RRB,RBR,BRR အေ်ခအေန
မ္ာ့ပါ ်ဖစးချငးံမရြိသညးကို သတိထာ့ရပါမညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ WBR,WRB,BWR,BRW,RWB,RBW အေ်ခအ
ေန ေ်ခာကးမ္ဳိ့ကိုသာ တိုကးရိုကးယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈
P ( the first three cars that will leave the car park will be different color )
= P ( WBR or WRB or BWR or BRW or RWB or RBW )
𝟕 𝟓 𝟑 𝟕 𝟑 𝟓 𝟓 𝟕 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟕 𝟑 𝟕 𝟓
=( x x )+( x x ) +( x x )+( x x )+( x x )
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
+( x x )
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=( x )+( x )+( x )+( x )+( x )+( x )
𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟑
= + + + + + = =
𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟑
( 2 ) P ( the first three cars that will leave the car park will be the same color )
𝟕 𝟔 𝟓 𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
= P ( WWW or BBB or RRR )= ( x x )+( x x ) +( x x )
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝟕 𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟒𝟔
=( x x )+( x x ) +( x x )= + + =
𝟓 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟒𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟓𝟓
Page 278

( a ) In a car park, there are 4 white cars and x black cars. One car is chosen at
𝟏
random. Given that the probability that it will be black is . Calculate the value of
𝟑
x. Using your value of x, find the probability that the first two cars that will leave
𝟕
the car park will be the same colour. Ans; (1 )x = 2 ( 2 ) ( 07 ဧရာွတီ / No 64 )
𝟏𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two bag ( or ) Box or more ( Replaced )
75. There are three box A , B and C. - A , B ႏြငးံ C ေသတၱာ ၀ လုဵ့ရြိသညး၈ ( 14 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 11 )
A contains 3 white and 1 black balls,
ေသတၱာ A ထဲတျငး အ်ဖဴေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့ ၀လုဵ့၇ အနကးေရာငး ှလုဵ့ရြိသညး၈
B contains 2 white and 2 black balls B ထဲတငျ း အ်ဖဴေရာငး ဿ လုဵ့၇ အနကးေရာငး ဿ လုဵ့ ရြိသညး၈
and C contains 1 white and 3 black balls. C ထဲတငျ း အ်ဖဴေရာငး ှလုဵ့၇ အနကးေရာငး ၀လုဵ့ရြိသညး၈
From each of the three boxes, one ball is drawn at random.
ေသတၱာတစးလုဵ့စီမြ ေဘာလုဵ့တစးလုဵ့စီ စုစုေပါငး့သုဵ့လုဵ့ က္ခ္ငးရာက္ ဆျဲထုတးမညး၈
Find the probability that 2 whites balls and 1 black ball will be drawn.
ဆျဲထုတးလိုကးေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သုဵ့လုဵ့သညး အ်ဖဴေရာငး ဿ လုဵ့ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငး ှလုဵ့ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ရြာပါ၈
ဆျဲထုတးလိုကးေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့ သုဵ့လုဵ့သညး အ်ဖဴေရာငး ဿ လုဵ့ႏြငးံ အနကးေရာငး ှလုဵ့ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ဟုေမ့ထာ့်ပီ့
မညးသညးံ အစီအစဥး်ဖစးရမညးဟုမကနး႔သတးထာ့ေသာအခါ ေဘာလုဵ့သုဵ့လုဵ့အတျကး ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာအေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့မြာ
Box A Box B Box C

W W B
W B W
B W W
ဟုရလာပါမညး၈ ေသတၱာတစးလုဵ့စီမြ ေဘာလုဵ့မ္ာ့ႏႈိကးယူ်ခငး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ ေသတၱာ
တစးခုခ္ငး့စီ၏ စုစုေပါငး့ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကးေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵတျကးယူရပါမညး၈
Solution
favourable outcomes
White ball Black ball Possible outcomes
Box A 3 1 4
Box B 2 2 4
Box C 1 3 4
P ( 2 whites balls and 1 black ball will be drawn )

= P ( White ball from Box A and White ball from Box B and Black ball from Box C
( or )
White ball from Box A and Black ball from Box B and White ball from Box C
( or )
Black ball from Box A and White ball from Box B and White ball from Box C )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= ( x x ) + ( x x ) +( x x ) = ( x x ) + ( x x ) +( x x )
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝟗 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟑
= + + =
𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐
Page 279
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
76. **A bag A contains six red balls and five blue balls. ( 2014 ကခ္ငး / No 9 )
အိတး A ထဲမြာ အနီေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့ ၃လုဵ့ အ်ပာေရာငး ၂ လုဵ့ရြိသညး၈
A bag B contains one red balls and two blue balls. အိတး B ထဲမြာ အနီေရာငး ှလုဵ့
အ်ပာေရာငး ဿ လုဵ့ရြိသညး၈
A ball is randomly taken from bag A and then place in bag B.
အိတး A ထဲမြ ေဘာလုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ က္ပနး့ႏႈိကးယူမညး၈ အေရာငးအာ့မြတး၊ ထိုေဘာလုဵ့အာ့ အိတး B ထဲထညးံပါမညး၈
A ball is then randomly selected from bag B.
ု နာကး အိတး B ထဲမြ ေဘာလုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ ထပးမဵႏႈိကးယူပါမညး၈
ထိ႔ေ
Find the probability that the first ball is blue and the second ball is red.
ပထမႏႈိကးယူေသာေဘာလုဵ့သညး အ်ပာေရာငးႏြငးံ ဒုတိယႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သညး အနီေရာငး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့အာ့
ရြာေပ့ပါ၈
**( ဤပုစာၦသညး အ်ခာ့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ပုဵစဵကျေ
ဲ နသ်ဖငးံ ဤပုစာၦ၏ သေဘာတရာ့ယူဆပုဵအာ့ ေသေသ
ခ္ာခ္ာနာလညးႏိုငးရနး အထူ့ဂရုစိုကးဖတးေပ့ပါ၈ )
အိတး A ထဲမြာ အနီေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့ ၃လုဵ့ အ်ပာေရာငး ၂ လုဵ့၇ အိတး B ထဲမြာ အနီေရာငး ှလုဵ့ အ်ပာေရာငး ဿ လုဵ့
ရြိသညး၈ အိတး A ထဲမြ ေဘာလုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ က္ပနး့ႏႈိကးယူ်ပီ့ အေရာငးမြတး၊ အိတး B ထဲထညးံမညးဆိုသ်ဖငးံ အကယး၊
အိတး A ထဲမြ ပထမႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သညး အ်ပာေရာငး်ဖစးပါက ထိုေဘာလုဵ့သညး အိတး B
ထဲထညးံမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အိတး B ထဲမြ ဒုတိယႏႈိကးယူမညးံေဘာလုဵ့အတျကး အ်ပာေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကးအာ့
တစးလုဵ့တို့ယူေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသလို စုစုေပါငး့ ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကးသညးလညး့ နဂိုရြိ ၀လုဵ့ႏြငးံ ေပါငး့လ္ြငး ၁
လုဵ့်ဖစးလာပါမညး၈ ထိ႔အ
ု တူ ပထမ ႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သညး အနီေရာငး်ဖစးပါကလညး့ အိတး B ထဲမြ
ဒုတိယႏႈိကးယူမညးံေဘာလုဵ့အတျကး အနီေရာငး ေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကးအာ့ တစးလုဵ့တို့ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ထိ႔ေ
ု ၾကာငးံ
ေမ့ခ္ကးပါအခ္ကးမ္ာ့အရ အိတး A ထဲမြ ပထမ ႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သညး အ်ပာေရာငး်ဖစးရမညးဟု ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ
အိတး A ထဲရြိ ေဘာလုဵ့စုစုေပါငး့ = 11 လုဵ့ / အ်ပာေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကး = 5 လုဵ့

𝟓
ပထမ ႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့အ်ပာေရာငး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ =
𝟏𝟏
အိတး A ထဲမြ ပထမ ႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သညး အ်ပာေရာငး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ထိုေဘာလုဵ့အာ့ အိတး B ထဲသ႔ို
်ပနးထညးံလိုကး မညးဆိုလ္ြငး အိတး B ထဲရြိ နဂိုအ်ပာေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့ ဿ လုဵ့ႏြငးံေပါငး့လ္ြငး အ်ပာေရာငးသုဵ့လုဵ့ႏြငးံ
စုစုေပါငး့ ေဘာလုဵ့ အေရ အတျကးသညး ၁ လုဵ့်ဖစးလာပါမညး၈ အနီေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကးမြာမူ နဂိုအတိုငး့ ှ
လုဵ့သာရြိပါမညး၈ အိတး B ထဲမြ ဒုတိယႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့သညး အနီေရာငး်ဖစးရမညးဟု ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ
အိတး B ထဲရြိ နဂိုရြိေဘာလုဵ့စုစုေပါငး့ = 3 လုဵ့ / အနီေရာငးေဘာလုဵ့အေရအတျကး = 1 လုဵ့

အိတး A ထဲမြအ်ပာေရာငး 1 လုဵ့ေပါငး့ထညးံ်ပီ့ေနာကးေဘာလုဵ့စုစုေပါငး့ = 4 လုဵ့ / အနီေရာငး အေရအတျကး = 1 လုဵ့
𝟏
ဒုတိယႏႈိကးယူေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့ အနီေရာငး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ =
𝟒
𝟓 𝟏 𝟓
ု ၾကာငးံ ပထမ ေဘာလုဵ့အ်ပာေရာငး ႏြငးံ ဒုတိယ ေဘာလုဵ့ အနီေရာငး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ =
ထိ႔ေ x =
𝟏𝟏 𝟒 𝟒𝟒
Solution
For 1st taking out a ball from Box A ,
Number of red balls = 6 and Number of blue balls = 5
Total number of ball = Number of possible outcomes = 11
Page 280
𝟓
P ( 1st ball frm box A is blue ) =
𝟏𝟏
For 2nd taking out a ball from Box A ,

Number of red balls = 1 and Number of blue balls = 2 + 1 =3
Total number of ball = Number of possible outcomes = 4
𝟏
P ( 2nd ball from box B is blue ) =
𝟒
P ( 1st ball frm box A is blue and 2nd ball from box B is blue )
𝟓 𝟏 𝟓
= P ( 1st ball frm box A is blue ) x P ( 2nd ball from box B is blue ) = x =
𝟏𝟏 𝟒 𝟒𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့သာ ်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးရပးရြိသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Tossing Coins Problems
Two Coins
Two Coins ပုစာၦမ္ာ့မြာ 5 မြတးတနးေမ့ႏိုငးေ်ခနညး့်ပီ့ 3 မြတးတနးေမ့လာႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ ေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့
မ္ာ့မြ ်ပနးစုေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး၈
77. Two coins are tossed at the same times , then find the probability of
( a ) getting two heads / getting no tail / both cions show heads ( 2012 ရနးကုနး )
Solution
2nd Coin
H T
1st Coin H (H,H) (H,T)
T (T,H) (T,T)
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( H,H ),( H,T ),( T,H ),( T,T ) }
Probability =
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,H ) }

𝟏
P ( getting two heads ) =
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) at least one tail ( 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
အနညး့ဆုဵပနး့တစးခုသာက္ရမညးဆုိသ်ဖငးံႏြစးေစံလုဵ့ပနး့က္လညး့ရ၇ တစးေစံမြပနး့မက္တာ( သို႔ ) ေခါငး့ႏြစးခုက္ဖယး
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ),( T,T ) }
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
P ( at least one tail ) = ( or ) P ( at least one tail ) = 1 – P ( H,H ) = 1 – =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
Page 281
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေအာကးရြိ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ကို set of favourable outcomes သိဖို႔သာအဓိက်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ set of favourable
outcomes သာေရ့ေပ့သျာ့ပါမညး၈
( c ) at least one head ( 2011 , ရနးကုနး ) ( 2009 , ရနးကုနး၇ မႏ ၱေလ့ )

𝟑
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ),( H,H ) } ( Ans; )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) at most one tail ( 2013 ပဲခူ့ )
အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ ပနး့တစးခုသာက္ရမညးဆုိသ်ဖငးံ တစးေစံပနး့က္တာယူ၇ တစးေစံမြပနး့မက္တာယူ ပနး့ႏြစးခုက္တာဖယး
𝟑
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ),( H,H ) }( Ans; )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e ) at most one head ( 2010 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ),( T,T ) }( Ans; )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( f ) not getting two head
ေခါငး့ႏြစးခု မက္တာ ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ( ေခါငး့၇ပနး့ )/( ပနး့၇ေခါငး့ )/( ပနး့၇ပနး့ ) တို႔အာ့ ယူရပါမညး၈
𝟑
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ),( T,T ) } ( Ans; )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( g ) not getting two tail
𝟑
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ),( H,H ) } ( Ans; )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( h ) exactly one head / just one head ( 2010 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ )
𝟏
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ) } ( Ans; )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( i ) exactly one tail / just one tail.
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( j ) either coin show head
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,T ),( T,H ) }
အေၾကျေစံႏြစးေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး
exactly one head = just one head = either die show head
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( k ) neither coin show head/both coins show tail ဘယးအေၾကျေစံမြ ေခါငး့မက္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( T,T ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 282
( l ) neither coin show tail / both die show head

The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,H ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Three Coins
HHH HHT HTH HTT
THH THT TTH TTT
78. Copy and complete this array of any ordered triples for the possible outcomes
when 3 coins are tossed simultaneously;
then the probability of
𝟑
( 1 ) exactly one head ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟑
( 2 ) exactly one tail ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟕
( 3 ) at least one tail / head ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟏
( 4 ) at most one tail ( or ) head ( Ans; )
𝟐
𝟑
( 5 ) exactly two heads ( or ) tails ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟏
( 6 ) at least two tails ( or ) heads ( Ans; )
𝟐
𝟕
( 7 ) at most two tail ( or ) heads ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟑
( 8 ) two heads and a tail in any order ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟏
( 9 ) two heads and a tail in that order ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟏
( 10 ) neither coin show head ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟏
( 11 ) all coins show head ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟏
( 12 ) all coins show the same results ( Ans; )
𝟒
Solution
( 1 ) exactly one head
The set of favourable outcomes = { HTT ,THT ,TTH }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) exactly one tail
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT ,HTH ,THH }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) at least one tail ( or ) at least one head
( အနညး့ဆုဵ့ပနး့တစးခုက္ / ႏြစးခုက္လညး့ရ / သုဵ့ခုက္လညး့ရ  တစးခုမြမက္တာေတာံမရ )
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT ,HTH ,HTT ,THH ,THT ,TTH ,TTT }
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at least one head ( အနညး့ဆုဵ့ေခါငး့တစးခုက္ / ႏြစးခုက္လညး့ရ / သုဵ့ခုက္လညး့ရ )

The set of favourable outcomes = { HHH ,HHT ,HTH ,HTT ,THH ,THT ,TTH }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 4 ) at most one tail ( or ) head
at most one tail ( အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ပနး့တစးခုက္ / တစးခုမြမက္လညး့ရ  ႏြစးခုမက္ရ / သုဵ့ခုမက္ရ )
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT ,HTH ,THH ,TTT }
at most one head ( အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ေခါငး့တစးခုက္ / တစးခုမြမက္လညး့ရ  ႏြစးခုမက္ရ / သုဵ့ခုမက္ရ )

The set of favourable outcomes = { HTT ,THT ,TTH ,TTT }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 5 ) exactly two heads ( or ) tails
exactly two heads
ေခါငး့ႏြစးခုသာ အတိအက္ က္ရမညး၈ တစးခုက္တာမရ / သုဵ့ခုက္တာမရ / တစးခုမြမက္တာမရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT ,HTH ,THH }
exactly two tails

ပနး့ႏြစးခုသာ အတိအက္ က္ရမညး၈ တစးခုက္တာမရ / သုဵ့ခုက္တာမရ / တစးခုမြမက္တာမရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { HTT ,THT ,TTH }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 6 ) at least two tails ( or ) heads
at least two tails
အနညး့ဆုဵ့ပနး့ႏြစးခုက္ / သုဵ့ခုက္လညး့ရ  တစးခုမက္ရ/ တစးခုမြမက္တာမရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { HTT ,THT ,TTH ,TTT }
at least two heads

အနညး့ဆုဵ့ေခါငး့ႏြစးခုက္ / သုဵ့ခုက္လညး့ရ  တစးခုမက္ရ/ တစးခုမြမက္တာမရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHH ,HHT ,HTH ,THH }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 7 ) at most two tail ( or ) heads
at most two tails
အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ပနး့ႏြစးခုက္ / တစးခုက္လညး့ရ / တစးခုမြမက္လညး့ရ  သုဵ့ခုမက္ရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT ,HTH ,HTT ,THH ,THT ,TTH ,HHH }
at most two heads

အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ေခါငး့ႏြစးခုက္ / တစးခုက္လညး့ရ / တစးခုမြမက္လညး့ရ  သုဵ့ခုမက္ရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT ,HTH ,HTT ,THH ,THT ,TTH ,TTT }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 8 ) two heads and a tail in any order
ေခါငး့ႏြစးခု၇ပနး့တစးခု ( ဘယးအစီအစဥး်ဖစး်ဖစး )
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT,HTH,THH }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 9 ) two heads and a tail in that order
ေခါငး့ႏြစးခု၇ပနး့တစးခု ( ေခါငး့/ ေခါငး့/ပနး့ ဆိုသညးံ အစီအစဥးတစးခုတညး့်ဖစးရမညး၈
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHT }
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( 10 ) neither coin show head ← ဘယးအေၾကျေစံမြ ေခါငး့မက္ရ
The set of favourable outcomes = { TTT }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 11 ) all coins show tail
အေၾကျေစံအာ့လုဵ့ ပနး့က္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
( အေၾကျေစံ ႏြစးေစံထကးပိုသ်ဖငးံ both အစာ့ all ်ဖငးံေမ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး၈ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 12 ) all coins show the same results
အေၾကျေစံအာ့လုဵ့ က္သညးံရလဒးတူရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
The set of favourable outcomes = { HHH,TTT }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ဤပုစာၦမ္ာ့ႏြငးံပတးသတး်ပီ့သတိ်ပဳရနး
ဤပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျငးတစးခါတစးရဵ Table ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေပ့ရာတျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့မ္ာ့ၾကာ့တျငး ေကားမာလညး့မခဵ
လကးသညး့ကျငး့လညး့မခတးပဲ ( အထကးပါပုဵစဵအတိုငး့ ) ေပ့တတးပါသညး၈ ဤသို႔ေပ့လာလ္ြငး The set
of all possible outcomes / The set of favourable outcomes မ္ာ့ေရ့ရာ၉ အထကးပါ
ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့အတိုငး့
The set of all possible outcomes = { HHH ,HHT ,HTH ,HTT ,THH ,THT ,TTH , TTT }
စသညး်ဖငးံေရ့ႏိုငးပါသညး၈သို႔ေသား Table မြာေပ့ကတညး့က ေကားမာခဵ၇ကျငး့ခတးထာ့သညးဆိုလ္ြငး
်ဖစးေစ၇ Tree Diagram ဆျ်ဲ ပီ့တျကးခိုငး့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့်ဖစးလ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ မ်ဖစးမေန ေကားမာခဵ ကျငး့ခတး
ေပ့ရမညးကို သတိထာ့ရပါမညး၈ ဥပမာ -
The set of favourable outcomes = {( H,H,H ),( T,T,T )}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tree Diagrams’ Problems
79. A coin is toss 4 times. Head or tail is recorded each time. Draw a tree diagram.
( 1 ) exactly one tail
( 2 ) at least one tail
( 3 ) the number of heads is more than the number of tails.
( 4 ) getting no tails
အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံအာ့ ေလ့ၾကိမးေ်မြာကးမညး၈ တစးႀကိမးစီမြ ေခါငး့ ( သို႔ ) ပနး့က္သညးကိုမြတးထာ့မညး၈
tree diagram ဆျပ ဲ ါ၈ ( record = မြတးထာ့သညး၈ )
ေခါငး့စညး့စာတနး့အာ့ 1st coin / 2nd coin ထာ့မညးလာ့ 1st toss / 2nd toss ထာ့မညးလာ့ စဥး့စာ့
ပါမညး၈ အေၾကျေစံတစးေစံတညး့အာ့ ေလ့ၾကိမးေ်မြာကး်ခငး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ 1st coin / 2nd coin မထာ့ရပါ၈
1st toss / 2nd toss သာ ထာ့ရပါမညး၈ ပုဵဆျလ ဲ ္ြငး ်မြာ့မ္ာ့ဟနးခ္ကးညီေစရနး ေနာကးဆုဵ့အတနး့မြ စဆျပ
ဲ ါ၈
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Solution
1st toss 2nd toss 3rd toss 4th toss Possible Outcomes
H ( H,H,H,H )
H
T ( H,H,H,T )
H
H ( H,H,T,H )
T
T ( H,H,T,T )
H
H ( H,T,H,H )
H
T ( H,T,H,T )
T
H ( H,T,T,H )
T
T ( H,T,T,T )
H ( T,H,H,H )
H
T ( T,H,H,T )
H
H ( T,H,T,H )
T
T ( T,H,T,T )
T
H ( T,T,H,H )
H
T ( T,T,H,T )
T
H ( T,T,T,H )
T
T ( T,T,T,T )
Solution
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( H,H,H,H ),( H,H,H,T ),( H,H,T,H ),( H,H,T,T ),
( H,T,H,H ),( H,T,H,T ) ( H,T,T,H ), ( H,T,T,T ), ( T,H,H,H ), ( T,H,H,T ), ( T,H,T,H ),
( T,H,T,T ), ( T,T,H,H ) ,( T,T,H,T ) , ( T,T,T,H ) , ( T,T,T,T ) }
( 1 ) exactly one tail ← ပနး့တစးခုသာ အတိအက္ပါသညးံ အတျမ ဲ ္ာ့ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့

The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,H,H,T ),( H,H,T,H ),( H,T,H,H ),( T,H,H,H ) }
𝟒 𝟏
P ( getting exactly one tail ) = =
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
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( 2 ) at least one tail

အနညး့ဆုဵ့ပနး့တစးခုက္ / ႏြစးခုက္လညး့ရ / သုဵ့ခုက္လညး့ရ / ေလ့ခုက္လညး့ရ
တစးခုမြမက္တာေတာံမရ အကုနးလုဵ့ထဲက တစးခုမြမက္တာကိုဖယး
Solution
P( getting at least one tail ) = 1 – P( getting no tail ) = 1 – P({( H,H,H,H )})
𝟏 𝟏𝟓
=1– =
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
the number of heads is more than the number of tails.

ေခါငး့က္သညးံအႀကိမးအေရအတျကးသညး ပနး့က္သညးံအႀကိမးအေရအတျကးထကး မ္ာ့ရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
( H,H,H,H ) အာ့လညး့ ေခါငး့က္သညးံအႀကိမးအေရအတျကး ၁ ႀကိမး ပနး့က္သညးံအႀကိမးအေရ အတျကး 0 ႀကိမး
်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံယူရပါမညး၈
(3)
The set of favourable outcomes = {(H,H,H,H),(H,H,H,T),(H,H,T,H),(H,T,H,H),(T,H,H,H)}
𝟓
P ( the number of heads is more than the number of tails ) =
𝟏𝟔
( 4 ) getting no tails ေခါငး့လုဵ့ွမက္သညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့

The set of favourable outcomes = { ( T,T,T,T ) }
𝟏
P ( getting no tails ) =
𝟏𝟔
စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနးပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏𝟏
( a ) the number of head is not more than 2 times Ans;
𝟏𝟔
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,H,T,T ),( H,T,H,T ) ( H,T,T,H ), ( H,T,T,T ),
( T,H,H,T ), ( T,H,T,H ), ( T,H,T,T ), ( T,T,H,H ) ,( T,T,H,T ) , ( T,T,T,H ) , ( T,T,T,T ) }
𝟑
( b ) at least two tails Ans;
𝟒
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,H,T,T ),( H,T,H,H ),( H,T,H,T ),( H,T,T,H ),
( H,T,T,T ),( T,H,H,T ),( T,H,T,H ), ( T,H,T,T ),( T,T,H,H ),( T,T,H,T ),( T,T,T,H ) ,( T,T,T,T ) }
𝟓
( c ) at least three tails Ans;
𝟏𝟔
The set of favourable outcomes ={(H,T,T,T),( T,H,T,T ),( T,T,H,T ),( T,T,T,H ),( T,T,T,T )}
( d ) at most 3 tails ( အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ ပနး့သုဵ့ႀကိမးက္်ခငး့ဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ပနးး့ေလ့ႀကိမးက္်ခငး့ကို ဖယး )

Solution
𝟏 𝟏𝟓
P ( at most 3 tails turn up ) = 1 – P ( { T,T,T,T ) } ) = 1 – =
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
( e ) the same chance on head and tail ေခါငး့က္်ခငး့ႏြငးံပနး့က္်ခငး့ ဆတူရြိမညးံ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
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( ေခါငး့အေရအတျကးႏြငးံ ပနး့အေရအတျကး တူသညးံ အတျမ ဲ ္ာ့ကို ေရျ့ေပ့ရပါမညး၈ )

The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,H,T,T ),( H,T,H,T ),( H,T,T,H ),
( T,H,H,T ),( T,H,T,H ),( T,T,H,H ) }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
80. A coin is toss and a die is thrown. Head or tail and a number turn up are record
each time. Draw a tree diagram and list possible outcomes. Find the probability
that
( 1 ) a head and odd number turn up.
( 2 ) the number not more than 3 turn up.
( 3 ) the tail followed by prime number at least 3 turn up
Solution
Tossing coin Throwing die Possble outcomes
1 ( H,1 )
2 ( H,2 )
3 ( H,3 )
H
4
4 ( H,4 )
5
5 ( H,5 )
6
6 ( H,6 )
1
1 ( T,1 )
2
2 ( T,2 )
3
3 ( T,3 )
T 4
4 ( T,4 )
5
5 ( T,5 )
6
6 ( T,6 )
The set of all possible outcomes = { ( H,1 ),( H,2 ),( H,3 ),( H,4 ),( H,5 ),( H,6 ),
( T,1 ), ( T,2 ), ( T,3 ), ( T,4 ), ( T,5 ), ( T,6 ) }
Probability =
( 1 ) a head and odd number turn up. ( ေခါငး့ ႏြငးံ မကိနး့ အတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ က္မညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( H,1 ),( H,3 ),( H,5 ) }
𝟑 𝟏
P ( a head and odd number turn up ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
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( 2 ) the number not more than 3 turn up.

အေၾကျေစံေပၚမြာ ေခါငး့က္က္ပနး့က္က္ အနးစာတုဵ့ေပၚမြာ ၀ထကးမႀကီ့သညးံ ကိနး့က္မညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes ={ ( H,1 ),( H,2 ),( H,3 ),( T,1 ), ( T,2 ), ( T,3 ) }
𝟔 𝟏
P ( the number not more than 3 turn up ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟐
( 3 ) the tail followed by a prime number at least 3 turn up
ပနး့က္်ခငး့ေနာကးတျငး တနးဖို့အငယးဆုဵ့ 3 ်ဖစးမညးံသုဒၶကိနး့တစးခုကပးလိုကးမညးံကိနး့တျမ
ဲ ္ာ့်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အနးစာတုဵ့ေပၚရြိ ကိနး့မ္ာ့  1,2,3,4,5,6
သုဒၸကိနး့မ္ာ့  2,3,5
အနညး့ဆုဵ့တနးဖို့ 3 ်ဖစးမညးံ သုဒၸကိနး့မ္ာ့  3,5
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာကိနး့တျဲမ္ာ့  ( T,3 ),( T,5 )
Solution
The set of favourable outcomes = { ( T,3 ),( T,5 ) }
𝟐 𝟏
P ( the tail followed by a prime number at least 3 turn up = =
𝟔
𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coin ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ မိသာ့စုတစးစုရြိ ေမျ့ဖျာ့ေသာကေလ့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့သညး ပုဵစဵမတူေသားလညး့ သေဘာတရာ့
အတူတူပငး်ဖစးပါ သညး၈ အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကးသညးံကိစၥတျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့ အေ်ခအေနႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာရြိသကဲံသို ႔
ကေလ့တစးေယာကး ေမျ့ဖျာ့်ခငး့ တျငးလညး့ ေယာက္းာ့ေလ့ေမျ့ဖျာ့်ခငး့ႏြငးံ မိနး့ကေလ့ေမျ့ဖျာ့်ခငး့
အေ်ခအေနႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာ ရြိပါသညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ အေၾကျေစံပုစာၦတျကးတတးလ္ြငး ကေလ့ေမျ့ဖျာ့်ခငး့ပုစာၦ
တျကးတတးမညး ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ထို႕အတူ အုပးစုတစးစုတညး့မြ ေယာက္းာ့ေလ့၇မိနး့ကေလ့
ချထ
ဲ ုတး်ခငး့ကိစၥမ္ာ့ စာေမ့ပျေ
ဲ ်ဖ်ခငး့ကိစၥမ္ာ့ သညးလညး့ သေဘာတရာ့အတူတူသာ်ဖစးပါသညး၈
ပိုအေရ့ၾကီ့သညးံအခ္ကးမြာ အထကးပါအေ်ခအေန အာ့လုဵ့သညး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့ ၇ေယာက္ား့
မိနး့မ၇ ေအာငး၄ႈဵ့ အေ်ခအေန ဿ မ္ဳိ့စီသာ ရြိေနၾက်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး၈
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ကေလ့ေမျ့ဖျာ့်ခငး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
81. A family has four children. Draw a tree diagram to list all possible outcomes. If
each outcome is equally likely to occur, find the probability that
𝟏
( 1 ) the last two children are girls. ( Ans; )
𝟒
𝟑
( 2 ) exactly two children are boys. ( Ans; )
𝟖
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82. A family has three children. Draw a tree diagram to list all possible outcomes.
If each outcome is equally likely to occur, find the probability that
𝟏
( 1 ) the first child is a boy. ( Ans; )
𝟐
𝟏
( 2 ) only the last child is a girls. ( Ans; )
𝟖
Page 289
𝟏
( 3 ) the first two children born are boys. ( Ans; )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group of People Problems
83. The groups of children contain respectively 3 girls and 1 boy, 2 girls and 2
boys , 1 girl and 3 boys. One child is selected random from each group. Find the
probability that three selected are all boys.
( ဤပုစာၦသညး 2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ပုစာၦႏြငးံ သေဘာတရာ့ အတူတူ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ) ( 2013 ပဲခူ့ / No 5 )
Solution
Boy Girl possible outcomes
1st group 3 1 4
2nd group 2 2 4
3rd group 1 3 4
P ( three children are all boys )

= P ( a child selected from 1st group is boy and a child selected from 2nd group is boy
and a child selected from 3rd group is boy )
= P ( a child selected from 1st group is boy )
+ P ( a child selected from 2nd group is boy )
+ P ( a child selected from 3rd group is boy )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
=( x x )=( x x )=
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84. Three group of children consist of 3 boys and 1 girls , 2 boys and 2 girls and 1
boys and 3 girls , respectively. If a child is chosen from each group, find the
𝟏𝟑
probability that 1 boy and 2 girls are chosen. ( Ans; )( 10 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ ) / 33 )
𝟑𝟐

( a ) Three group of children contain respectively 3 girls and 1 boys , 2 girls and 2
boys , 1 girls and 3 boys .Find the prbability that thee selected consists of 1 girl and
𝟏𝟑
2 boys . ( Ans; ) ( 2006 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 77 )
𝟑𝟐
( b ) Three classes of students are comprised as follows.

class A 4 girls 6 boys
class B 4 girls 5 boys
class C 6 girls 8 boys
One student is selected at random from each class.Find the probability of three
𝟖
selected students are girls. ( Ans; ) ( 2006 ရနးကုနး / No 69 )
𝟏𝟎𝟓
Page 290
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) Three pupils in three classes are comprised as follows.
Class Boys Girls Total
VII 5 5 10
IX 6 7 13
X 8 7 15
One pupil is selected at random from each class. Find the probability that the three
𝟖
pupils are all boys. ( Ans; ) ( 2007 ကခ္ငး / No 67 )
𝟔𝟓
( d ) Three groups of children contain respectively 3 girls and 2 boys , 3 girls ad 3

boys , 3 girls and 4 boys.One child is selected at random from each group. Find the
𝟗
probability that three selected are all girls. ( Ans; ) ( 2013 ကခ္ငး / No 9 )
𝟕𝟎
( e ) Three groups of people consists of 3 women and 2 men , 3 women and 3 men ,
and 3 women and 24 menrespectively. If one person is selected at random from
each groups, find the probability that three people selected are all womens.
𝟏
Ans; ( 13 ဧရာွတီ/No 6 )
𝟑𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
အလုပးသမာ့ေခၚယူ်ခငး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
85. Out of the 20 applicants for a job there are 8 women and 12 men. It is desired to
selected 3 person for the job.Find the probability that at least one person of the
selected persons will be a man. ( 2014 ပဲခူ့ / No 5 )
အလုပးေလ္ြာကးထာ့သူ အေယာကး 20 မြာ အမ္ဳိ့သမီ့ 8 ေယာကး အမ္ဳိ့သာ့ 12 ေယာကး ်ဖစးသညး၈
အဆးိုပါ လူမ္ာ့အနကး အလုပးေနရာသုဵ့ခု ေခၚယူမညး်ဖစးသညး၈ ေခၚယူလိုးေသာလူသုဵ့ေယာကးအနကး
အနညး့ဆုဵ့ ှ ေယာကးကေတာံ အမ္ဳိ့သာ့်ဖစးရမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ရြာေပ့ပါ၈
အလုပးေလ္ြာကးထာ့်ခငး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့သညး အလုပးေနရာတစးခုကို လူတစးဦ့သာေရျ့ခ္ယးချငးံရြိသညးံအတျကး
not replaced ပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖစးပါသညး၈ အလုပးေခၚယူမညးံေနရာမြာ သုဵ့ေနရာရြိ်ပီ့ အလုပးေနရာ တစးခု
အတျကး အမ္ဳိ့သာ့ ( သို႔ ) အမ္ဳိ့သမီ့်ဖစးႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ အလုပးေနရာသုဵ့ခုအတျကး ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာအတျမ
ဲ ္ာ့မြာ
Possible
ပထမေနရာ ဒုတိယေနရာ တတိယေနရာ outcomes
M M M MMM
M M W MMW
M W M MWM
M W W MWW
W M M WMM
W M W WMW
W W M WWM
W W W WWW
ေရျခ္ယးလိုကးေသာ လူသုဵ့ေယာကးအနကး အနညး့ဆုဵ့ ှ ေယာကးမြာ အမ္ဳိ့သာ့်ဖစးရမညးံ
Page 291
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကိုလိုခ္ငးသ်ဖငးံ အမ္ဳိ့သာ့ တစးေယာကးပါသညးံအတျ၇ဲ ႏြစးေယာကးပါသညးံအတျဲ၇ သုဵ့ေယာကး

ဲ ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ယူေပ့ရမညး၈( အနညး့ဆုဵ့ဆို အထကးကိုယူ / အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ကို ေအာကးကိုယူ )
လုဵ့ပါသညးံအတျမ
( သို႔မဟုတး ) 1 ထဲမြ အမ္ဳိိ့သမီ့ ၀ ေယာကးအတျက
ဲ ို ဖယးထုတးေပ့ရပါမညး၈
Solution
Let Man = M , Women = W
P ( at least one person of the selected persons will be a man )

= 1 – P ( all selected persons will be women )
= 1 – P ( 1st person will be a woman and 2nd person will be a woman and 3rd person
will be a woman )
= 1 – [P (1st person will be a woman) + P (2nd person will be a woman) + P (3rd
person will be a woman)]
𝟖 𝟕 𝟔 𝟐 𝟕 𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟐𝟕𝟏
=1–( x x )=1–( x x )=1– =
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟗 𝟏𝟖 𝟓 𝟏𝟗 𝟑 𝟐𝟖𝟓 𝟐𝟖𝟓
အ်ခာ့ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့ေမ့လာပါက ေ်ဖတတးႏုိငးေစရနး ေအာကးပါပုစာၦမ္ာ့ေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံပါ၈
( a ) P ( at most one person of the selected persons will be a man )

အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ေယာက္းာ့ ှ ေယာကးသာ်ဖစးချငးံဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ေယာက္းာ့ ဿ ေယာကး ၀ ေယာကး ပါသညးံ
အေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့ ဖယးထုတးပါ၈
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ အေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့ = P ( MWW, WMW, WWM, WWW )
ေ်ဖရမညးံပုဵစဵ
P ( 1st person will be a man and 2nd person will be a woman and 3rd person will be
a woman ( or )
1st person will be a woman and 2nd person will be a man and 3rd person will be a
woman ( or )
1st person will be a woman and 2nd person will be a woman and 3rd person will
be a woman ( or )
1st person will be a woman and 2nd person will be a woman and 3rd person will
be a woman )
( b ) P ( at least two person of the selected persons will be a man )

အနညး့ဆုဵ့ေယာက္းာ့ ဿ ေယာကးသာ်ဖစးချငးံဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ေယာက္းာ့ ဿ ေယာကးႏြငးံ ၀ ေယာကး အေ်ခအေန
မ္ာ့ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ေယာက္းာ့ ှ ေယာကးပါသညးံ အေ်ခအေနႏြငးံ တစးေယာကးမြ မပါသညးံ အေ်ခအေန
မ္ာ့ဖယးထုတးပါ၈
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ အေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့ = P ( MMM, MMW, MWM, WMM )
( b ) P ( at most two person of the selected persons will be a man )

အမ္ာ့ဆုဵ့ေယာက္းာ့ ဿ ေယာကး်ဖစးချငးံဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ေယာက္းာ့ ှ ေယာကးပါသညးံ အေ်ခအေနႏြငးံ
Page 292
တစးေယာကးမြ မပါသညးံ အေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့ အာ့လုဵ့ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ေယာက္းာ့ ၀

ေယာကးက္သညးံ အေ်ခအေနအာ့ ဖယးထုတးေပ့ရပါမညး၈
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ အေ်ခအေနမ္ာ့ = P ( MMW, MWM, MWW, WMM, WMW, WWM, WWW )

သို႔မဟုတး
1 – P ( MMM )

( a ) Out of applicants for a job there are 5 women and 8 men . It is desired to
sekect 2 person for the job. Find the probability that at least one of the selected
𝟐𝟓
persons will be a woman. ( Ans; )( 2012 စစးကိုငး့၇ခ္ငး့ / No 15 )
𝟑𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Examination Problems
5 mark
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
86.The probabilities of students A,B and C to pass the examination are , and
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
respectively . Find the probability that at least one of them will pass the
examination. ( 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
စဥး့စာ့နညး့ ( 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - တစးထပးတညး့ )
ဤပုစာၦသညးလညး့ အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ကေလ့ေမျ့်ခငး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ သေဘာတရာ့ႏြငးံ အတူတူပငး
်ဖစးပါသညး၈ အေၾကျေစံေ်မြာကး်ခငး့တျငး ေခါငး့ႏြငးံပနး့အေ်ခအေနႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာရြိပါသညး၈ ကေလ့ေမျ့်ခငး့
တျငး ေယာက္းာ့ေလ့ႏြငးံ မိနး့ကေလ့အေ်ခအေနႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာ ရြိပါသညး၈ စာေမ့ပျဲကိစၥတျငးလညး့
ေအာငး်ခငး့ႏြငးံ ရႈဵ့်ခငး့အေ်ခအေနႏြစးမ္ဳိ့သာရြိပါသညး၈
B pass B fail
A pass ( A pass , B pass ) ( A pass , B fail )
A fail ( A fail , B pass ) ( A fail , B fail )
C pass C fail
( A pass , B pass ) ( A pass , B pass , C pass ) ( A pass , B pass , C fail )
( A pass , B fail ) ( A pass , B fail , C pass ) ( A pass , B fail , C fail )
( A fail , B pass ) ( A fail , B pass , C pass ) ( A fail , B pass , C fail )
( A fail , B fail ) ( A fail , B fail , C pass ) ( A fail , B fail , C fail )
အနညး့ဆုဵ့တစးေယာကးေအာငးရမညးဆိုသ်ဖငးံ ဿ ေယာကးေအာငး ၇ ၀ ေယာကးေအာငး ်ဖစးချငးံရြိပါသညး၈ ၀

ေယာကးလုဵ့ ရႈဵ့သညးံ အေ်ခအေနတစးခုသာ ဖယးရပါမညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ 1 ထဲမြ ၀ ေယာကးလုဵ့ ရႈဵ့သညးံ
အေ်ခအေနအာ့ ဖယးလညး့ ရပါသညး၈
Solution
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
P ( A passes the examination ) = , P ( A fails the examination ) = 1 – =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒 𝟏
P ( B passes the examination ) = , P ( B fails the examination ) = 1 – =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
Page 293
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
P ( C passes the examination ) = , P ( C fails the examination ) = 1 – =
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
P ( at least one of them will pass the examination )
= 1 – P ( neither students will pass the examination )
= 1 – P ( A fails the examination and B fails the examination and C fails the
examination )
= 1 – [ P ( A fails the examination ) + P ( B fails the examination )
+ P ( C fails the examination ) ]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟗
=1–( x x )= 1– =
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎
စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) P ( neither A nor C pass the examination )
( A ေရာ C ပါ မေအာငးရ B ေအာငးေအာငး ရႈဵ့ရႈဵ့ ရသညး )
= P ( A fail , C fail and B pass the examination or A fail , C fail and B fail the
examination )
= P ( A fail , C fail and B pass the examination ) + P ( A fail , C fail and B fail the
examination )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏
=( x x )+( x x ) = + = =
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
( ဤေမ့ချနး့အာ့ both A and C fail the exam ဟုလညး့ ေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး )
( b ) P ( only one student will pass the the examination )

= P ( A pass, B fail and C fail the examination ( or ) A fail , B pass and C fail the
examination ( or ) A fail , B fail and C pass the examination )
= P ( A pass, B fail and C fail the examination ) + P ( A fail , B pass and C fail the
examination ) + P ( A fail , B fail and C pass the examination )
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
=( x x )+( x x )+( x x ) = + + = =
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( b ) P ( only A pass the the examination )

𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
= P ( A pass, B fail and C fail the examination ) = ( x x )=
𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟏𝟐𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
87.The probability of students A,B and C to passes the examination are , and
𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
Respectively. Find the probability that ( i ) only A and C will pass the examination
( ii ) at least one of them will pass the examination. ( 2013 ရြမး့၇ကယာ့ / No 10 )
Solution
𝟐 𝟏
P ( A passes the examination ) = , P ( A fails the examination ) =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐
P ( B passes the examination ) = , P ( B fails the examination ) =
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏
P ( C passes the examination ) = , P ( C fails the examination ) =
𝟐 𝟐
( i ) P ( only A and C will pass the examination )
Page 294
= P ( A passes the examination and B fails the examination and C passes the
examination )
= P ( A passes the examination ) x P ( B fails the examination ) x P ( C passes the
examination )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐
=( x x ) =( x ) =
𝟑 𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓
( ii ) P ( at least one of them will pass the examination )

= 1 – P ( A fails the examination and B fails the examination and C fails the
examination )
= 1 – P ( A fails the examination ) x P ( B fails the examination ) x P ( C fails the
examination )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟒
=1– ( x x )=1– ( x )=1– =
𝟑 𝟓 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓

𝟏 𝟏
( a ) The probability of students A and B to fails the examination are and
𝟑 𝟒
respectively. Find the probability that at least one of A and B pass the examination.
𝟏𝟏
( Ans; )( 2010 ရနးကုနး / No 30 ) ( 2010 မျနး၇ကရငး၇တနသၤာရီ - တနးဖို့ပဲကာျ )
𝟏𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓 𝟑
( b ) If the probability of students P and Q to passes the examination are and ,
𝟔 𝟒
respectively. Find the probability that ( 2011 ပဲခူ့၇ရခိုငး / No 25 )
𝟓
( i ) both P and Q will pass the examination ( Ans; )
𝟖
𝟐𝟑
( ii ) at most one of P and Q will fail the examination ( Ans; )
𝟐𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံရနး ဥာဏးစမး့ပုစာၦ
The three students A,B and C are made an examination. The probability that the
𝟐 𝟑
students A and B to pass the examination are and respectively. The probability
𝟑 𝟓
𝟏𝟒
of at least one of them will pass the examination is . Find the probability that
𝟏𝟓
stauents C to pass the examination.
Solution
𝟐 𝟏
P ( A passes the examination ) = , P ( A fails the examination ) =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐
P ( B passes the examination ) = , P ( B fails the examination ) =
𝟓 𝟓
P ( at least one of them will pass the examination )
𝟏𝟒
= 1 – P ( A fails and B fails and C fails the examination ) =
𝟏𝟓
Page 295
𝟏
P ( A fails ) x P ( B fails ) x P ( C fails ) =
𝟏𝟓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
x x P ( C fails the examination ) =
𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟐 𝟏
x P ( C fails the examination ) =
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟏 𝟏𝟓 𝟏
P ( C fails the examination ) = x =
𝟏𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
P ( C passes the examination ) = 1 – P ( C fails the examination ) = 1 – =
𝟐 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ကစာ့ပျဲ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ကစာ့ပျပ
ဲ ုစာၦမ္ာ့ကို ေလံလာသညးံအခါ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာကစာနညး့၏ သေဘာသဘာွကို
သိထာ့ရမညး်ဖစးသညး၈ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ကစာ့နညး့သညး အႏိုငး အရႈဵ့ ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့ယူရမညးံ
ကစာ့နညး့လာ့ ၇ အႏိုငး အရႈဵ သေရ သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့ယူေပ့ရ မညးံကစာ့နညး့လာ့ သတိထာ့ရနး
လိုသညး၈( Tennis ) တငး့နစးကစာ့နညး့၇ ( Badminton ) ၾကကးေတာငးရိုကးကစာ့နညး့ စသညးံ
ကစာ့နညး့မ္ာ့သညး အႏိုငးအရႈဵ့ ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့ယူရမညးံ ကစာ့နညး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ အဆိုပါ
ကစာ့နညး့မ္ာ့တျငး အသငး့တစးသငး့ မႏိုငးဘူ့ဟုေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး ရႈဵ့သညးဟုတနး့ေ်ပာချငးံ ရြိပါသညး၈
သို႕ေသား ေဘာလုဵ့ကစာ့နညး့ကဲံသို႔ေသာ ကစာ့နညး့မ္ာ့တျငးမူ ရႈဵ့ထျကးပစ
ျဲ ဥးမ္ာ့တျငး အႏိုငးအရႈဵ့ ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့
တညး့သာယူေသားလညး့ အမြတးေပ့ပျစ
ဲ ဥးမ္ာ့တျငးမူ အႏိုငး အရႈဵ သေရ သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့ယူေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ဤကဲံသို႔
အႏိုငး အရႈဵ သေရ သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့ယူေပ့ရမညးံ ပျစ
ဲ ဥးမ္ာ့တျငးမူ အသငး့တစးသငး့ မႏိုငးဘူ့ဟုေပ့လာပါက
၁ငး့အသငး့ ရႈဵ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညးဟု တနး့ေ်ပာချငးံမရြိပဲ သေရက္်ခငး့လညး့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေနကို
ထညးံတျကးေပ့ရပါမညး၈ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့ကစာ့နညး့သညး အရႈဵ့ ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့ ယူေပ့ရမညးံ
ကစာ့နညး့လာ့ အႏိုငး အရႈဵ သေရ သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့ယူေပ့ရမညးံ ကစာ့နညး့လာ့ဆိုသညးကိုေတာံ ပုစာၦပါ
ေပ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့အေပၚအေ်ခခဵ စဥး့စာ့ယူရပါမညး၈
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tennis Game Problems
5 mark
88. Three tennis players A, B and C paly each other only once.
တငး့နစးကစာ့သမာ့ ၀ ဦ့ ပတးလညးပစ
ျဲ ဥးကစာ့မညး၈
𝟐 𝟐
The probability that A will beat B is , A က B ကို ႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ ်ဖစးသညး၈
𝟕 𝟕
𝟏 𝟏
that B will beat C is and B က C ကို ႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ ်ဖစးသညး၈
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
that C will beat A is . C က A ကို ႏိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ ်ဖစးသညး၈
𝟓 𝟓
Calculate the probability that A win both games.
A က B ေရာ C ကိုပါ ႏိုငးမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ရြာေပ့ပါ၈ ( 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
Solution
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
P ( A will beat B ) = , P ( B will beat A ) = 1 – =
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
Page 296
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
P ( B will beat C ) = , P ( C will beat B ) = 1 – =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
P ( C will beat A ) = , P ( A will beat C ) = 1 – =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
P ( A win both games ) = P ( A will beat B and A will beat C )
= P ( A will beat B ) x P ( A will beat C )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
= x =
𝟕 𝟓 𝟑𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
89. Three players A, B, C paly each other only once.The probability that A will win B
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
is , that B will win C is and that C will win A is ,Calculate the probability
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
that A or B win both games. ( 2013 မႏၲေလ့ / No 2 )
Solution
𝟏 𝟐
P ( A will win B ) = , P ( B will win A ) =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟑
P ( B will win C ) = , P ( C will win B ) =
𝟓 𝟓
𝟐 𝟓
P ( C will win A ) = , P ( A will win C ) =
𝟕 𝟕
P ( A or B win both games )
= P ( A win both games or B win both games )
= P ( A will win B and A will win C or B will win A and B will win C )
= [ P ( A will win B ) x P ( A will win C ) ] + [ P ( B will win A ) x P ( B will win C ) ]
𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟖 𝟓𝟑
=( x )+( x )= + = + =
𝟑 𝟕 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟓
ပုဵစဵတူ တနးဖို့ကဲျ ပုစာၦ

( a ) Three tennis players A, B and C paly each other only once. The probability that
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
A will beat B is , that B will beat C is and that A will beat C is . What is the
𝟓 𝟑 𝟕
𝟒
probability that A not win both games. ( Ans; )( 2009 ဧရာွတီ / 46)
𝟑𝟓
( b ) Three tennis players A, B and C paly each other only once. The probability that
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
A will beat B is , that B will beat C is and that C will beat A is . Calculate
𝟓 𝟓 𝟕
𝟏𝟖
the probability that A win both games. ( Ans; )( 2004 ရနးကုနး / 86 )
𝟑𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 mark
90. Two table tennis players P and Q play 25 games . From those games , the
probability that P will win Q is 0.6 . Then find the total games that P did not win Q.
Solution
Page 297
𝟔 𝟑 𝟏𝟓
P ( P will win Q ) = 0.6 = = =
𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎
P ( Q will win P ) = 1 – P ( P will win Q ) = 1 – =
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
The total games that P did not win Q is = 10 games
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Football Game Problems
5 mark
ေဘာလုဵ့ကစာ့ပျမ
ဲ ္ာ့၏ သေဘာသဘာွ
ေဘာလုဵ့ကစာ့ပျမ
ဲ ္ာ့ရြိ ေဘာလုဵ့အသငး့မ္ာ့၏ အႏိုငးအရႈဵ့အာ့ တျကးခ္ကးရာတျငး
( 1 ) အသငး့အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့အႏိုငးအရႈဵ့ကိုတျကးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့လာ့
( 2 ) ေဘာလုဵ့ပျစ
ဲ ဥးႀကီ့ တစးခုလုဵ့အေပၚတျငး အသငး့တစးသငး့သငး့၏ ဗိုလးဆႏ
ျဲ ိုငးေ်ခကိုတျကးသညးံ
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့လာ့ချ်ဲ ခာ့နာ့လညးထာ့ရနးလိုသညး၈
( 1 ) အသငး့အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့အႏိုငးအရႈဵ့ကိုတျကးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
ေဘာလုဵ့ပျစ
ဲ ဥးတစးခုတင
ျ း အသငး့အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ထိပးတိုကးေတျ႕ဆုဵမႈ ပျစ
ဲ ဥးမ္ာ့သညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု Independent
်ဖစးသညး၈ ဥပမာ A အသငး့ႏြငးံ B အသငး့တို႔ ေတျ႕ဆုဵသညးံ ပျစ
ဲ ဥးမြ A အသငး့ႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေနႏြငးံ A အသငး့ႏြငးံ
B အသငး့တို႔ ေတျ႕ဆုဵသညးံပစ
ျဲ ဥးမြ A အသငး့ႏိုငးသညးံ အေ်ခအေနႏြစးခုသညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု
အမီြအခိုကငး့ေသာ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈ ပျစ
ဲ ဥးႏြစးခုလုဵ့ A ႏိုငး်ခငး့ တစး်ပိဳငးတညး့်ဖစးႏိုငးသလို A ရႈဵ့်ခငး့
တ်ပိဳငးတညး့လညး့ ်ဖစးႏိုငးပါသညး၈
( 2 ) ေဘာလုဵ့ပျစ
ဲ ဥးႀကီ့ တစးခုလုဵ့အေပၚတျငး အသငး့တစးသငး့သငး့၏ ဗိုလးဆႏ
ျဲ ိုငးေ်ခကိုတက
ျ းသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
ဤ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ဳိ့မြာမူ ပျစ
ဲ ဥးႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့အေပၚတျငး တစးသငး့ခ္ငး့၏ ဗိုလးဆႏ
ျဲ ိုငးေ်ခကိုရြာလို်ခငး့်ဖစး်ပီ့
အသငး့တစးသငး့ ဗိုလးဆပ
ျဲ ါက အ်ခာ့အသငး့ဗိုလးဆမ
ျဲ ်ဖစးႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ dependent ်ဖစးေနေသာ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့ ်ဖစးသညး၈
( ေအာကးပါပုစာၦသညး Collectively exhaustic သေဘာတရာ့အေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵ

တျကးထုတး ယူရမညးံ ပုစာၦ်ဖစးသညး၈ )
***
91. The probabilities of three teams , A , B and C ,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
winning a football competitions are , and
𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟎
respectively. Assuming only one tem can win , find the
probability that( i )either A or B wins.
( ii )neither A nor C wins. ( 2014 ဧရာွတီ )
1 1 1
ဲ ဥးတစးခုတင
ျ း အသငး့ A,B ႏြငးံ C တိ႕ု ၏ ဗိုလးစျႏ
ဲ ိုငးေ်ခမြာ , ႏြငးံ တိ႔အ
ု သီ့သီ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး၈
4 8 10
အသငး့တစးသငး့သာ ဗိုလးစျခ
ဲ ျငးံရြိမညးဟု ယူဆလ္ြကး ေအာကးပါ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မ္ာ့ကိုတျကးပါ၈
( i )either A or B wins. ( A အသငး့ ( သို႔ ) B အသငး့ ဗိုလးစျမဲ ညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
( ii )neither A nor C wins. ( A အသငး့ေရာ C အသငး့ပါ ဗိုလးမစျႏဲ ိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
Page 298
ဲ ဥးတစးခုတျငး ယြဥး်ပိဳငးေသာအသငး့အာ့လုဵ့အနကး အသငး့တစးသငး့သာ ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံ ရြိပါသညး၈
အသငး့တစးသငး့ဗိုလးစ်ျဲ ခငး့သညး အ်ခာ့အသငး့မ္ာ့ ဗိုလးမစျ်ဲ ခငး့ပငး်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ေဘာလုဵ့ပျစ
ဲ ဥးတစးခု၏
ဗိုလးစျခ
ဲ ျငးံအာ့ အသငး့တိုငး့ေမ္ြားလငးံချငးံရြိပါသညး၈ ထို႔အတူ အသငး့တစးသငး့သညး ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံအာ့ မညးမ္ြ
အထိ ေမ္ြားလငးံချငးံရြိသနညး့ဆိုသညးကို အဆိုပါအသငး့သညး ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံ၏ မညးသညးံ ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့အထိ
အချငးံအေရ့ရြိသနညး့ဟုေဖား်ပေလံရြိပါသညး၈ အသငး့တစးသငး့စီ၏ ေ်ခစျမး့ အနိမးံအ်မငးံေပၚမူတညး၊
တစးသငး့ႏြငးံတစးသငး့ ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံရာခိုငးႏႈနး့အနညး့အမ္ာ့လညး့ ကျာ်ခာ့သျာ့ပါမညး၈ ပါွငးယြဥး်ပိဳငး ေသာ
အသငး့အာ့လုဵ့၏ ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံရာခိုငးႏႈနး့အာ့လုဵ့်ပနးေပါငး့လ္ြငးေတာံ 100 % သာ ်ပနးရရပါမညး၈
ဥပမာ A,B,C,D ႏြငးံ E အသငး့ ၂ သငး့ပတးလညး ေဘာလုဵ့ပျစ
ဲ ဥးတစးခုတျငး အသငး့တစးသငး့စီ၏
ေ်ခစျမး့အနိမးအ်မငးံ အလိုကး ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံရာခိုငးႏႈနး့မ္ာ့မြာ
ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့အခ္ဳိ့ ( သို႔ )
အသငး့ ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံရာခိုငးႏႈနး့
အသငး့တစးသငး့၏ ဗိုလးစရ
ဲျ နး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
A 50 % 𝟓𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
= ( or )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐 𝟐𝟎
B 20 % 𝟐𝟎 𝟏 𝟒
= ( or )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓 𝟐𝟎
C 15 % 𝟏𝟓 𝟑 𝟑
= ( or )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
D 10 % 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟐
= ( or )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎
E 5% 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
= ( or )
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
စုစုေပါငး့ 50+20+15+10+5 = 100 % 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏

+ + + + =1
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
အထကးပါ ဇယာ့တျငး
( 1 ) အသငး့တစးသငး့ခ္ငး့စီ၏ ဗိုလးစခ
ျဲ ျငးံရာခိုငးႏႈနး့ ႏြငးံ အသငး့အာ့လဵု့၏ ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့
( 2 ) အသငး့တစးသငး့ခ္ငး့စီ၏ ဗိုလးစရ
ဲျ နး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ႏြငးံ အသငး့အာ့လဵု့၏ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့
တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ကိုေဖား်ပထာ့ပါသညး၈ အသငး့အာ့လဵု့၏ ရာခိုငးႏႈနး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာ 100 ်ပနးရ
ရမညး်ဖစးသကဲံသို႔ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာလညး့ 1 ရရမညး်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ဤအခ္ကးသညး
အထကးပါပုစာၦရြိေမ့ချနး့နဵပါတး 2 ေ်ဖဆိုရနး အဓိကအခ္ကး်ဖစးပါသညး၈
အကယး၊ အသငး့တစးသငး့ခ္ငး့စီ၏ ဗိုလးစရ
ဲျ နး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာ 1 မရပဲ 1 ေအာကး
ငယးေနသညးဆို လ္ြငး အဆိုပါ ဗိုလးဆျႏ
ဲ ိုငးေ်ခ အသငး့မ္ာ့စာရငး့တျငး ထညးံသျငး့မေဖား်ပထာ့ေသာ အ်ခာ့
အသငး့မ္ာ့ရြိေနေသ့သညးကို သိထာ့ရပါမညး၈ ၁ငး့က္နးရြိစာရငး့မြာ တစးသငး့ ( သို႔ ) တစးသငး့ထကး ပို
ႏိုငးပါသညး၈ တစးခုသတိထာ့ရမညးမြာ အသငး့တစးသငး့ခ္ငး့စီ၏ ဗိုလးစရ
ဲျ နး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့
တနးဖို့မြာ 1 ရရမညး်ဖစးသကဲံသို႔ ဗိုလးမစဲရ
ျ နး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာလညး့ 1 ရရမညး
်ဖစးသညးကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး၈ပုစာၦပါေပ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့အရေဘာလုဵ့ပျစ ဲ ဥးတစးခုတျငး အသငး့ A,B ႏြငးံ C
1 1 1
တို႕၏ဗိုလးစျႏ
ဲ ိုငးေ်ခမြာ , ႏြငးံ တို႔အသီ့သီ့ ်ဖစးၾကသ်ဖငးံဗိုလးစရ ဲျ နး
4 8 10
1 1 1 10 5 4 19
်ဖစးတနးစျမး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာ + + = + + = ်ဖစးေန်ပီ့ 1 ေအာကး
4 8 10 40 40 40 40
Page 299
ငယးေနသညးကိုေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ေပထာ့ေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့အသငးစာရငး့တျငး အ်ခာ့အသငး့မ္ာ့

( ဥပမာ - D,E,F, …………….. )ရြိေနေသ့သညးကို သိထာ့ရပါမညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ဒုေမ့ချနး့ကိုေ်ဖရနးမြာ
1 3
A အသငး့ ဗိုလးစဲရ
ျ နး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ = , A အသငး့ ဗိုလးမစဲရ
ျ နး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ =
4 4
1 7
B အသငး့ ဗိုလးစဲရ
ျ နး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ = , B အသငး့ ဗိုလးမစဲရ
8 8
1 9
C အသငး့ ဗိုလးစဲရ
ျ နး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ = , C အသငး့ ဗိုလးမစဲရ
10 10
( ii )neither A nor C wins. ( A အသငး့ေရာ C အသငး့ပါ ဗိုလးမစျႏ
ဲ ိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
ဤပုစာၦတျငး ပါွငးယြဥး်ပိဳငးေသာ အသငး့မ္ာ့မြာ A,B,C သုဵ့သငး့မကသညးကို အထကးတျငး
ေဖား်ပခဲံ်ပီ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အသငး့အာ့လုဵ့၏ ဗိုလးစႏ
ျဲ ိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့တနးဖို့မြာ
P ( A win ) + P ( C win ) + P ( B win ) + P ( D win ) + P ( E win ) + ………. = 1
ပုစာၦက ရြာခိုငး့သညးမြာ A အသငး့ေရာ C အသငး့ပါ ဗိုလးမစျႏ

ဲ ိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ ကို်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
P ( A win ) + P ( C win ) + P ( B win ) + P ( D win ) + P ( E win ) + … = 1
A ( သို႔ ) C ဗိုလးစသ
ျဲ ညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ A ေရာ C ပါ ဗိုလးမစျသ
ဲ ညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
အထကးပါ ပုဵေလ့မြ A အသငး့ေရာ C အသငး့ပါ ဗိုလးမစျႏ

ဲ ိုငးသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကိုလိုခ္ငးလ္ြငး 1 ထဲမြ A
( သုိ႔ ) C အသငး့ ဗိုလးဆျဲသညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ကို ႏႈတးေပ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ရလာပါမညး၈
P ( B win ) + P ( D win ) + P ( E win ) + ………. = 1 – [ P ( A win ) + P ( C win ) ]
P ( neither A nor C win ) = 1 – P ( A win or B win ) ဆုိသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာပါမညး၈ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
𝟏 𝟏
P ( neither A nor C win ) = 1 – P ( either A win or C win ) = 1 – ( + )
𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟑
=1–( + )=1– = ဆိုသညးံအေ်ဖ ရလာပါမညး၈
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
Solution
𝟏 𝟑
P ( A will win the competition ) = , P ( A will not win the competition ) =
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝟕
P ( B will win the competition ) = , P ( B will not win the competition ) =
𝟖 𝟖
𝟏 𝟗
P ( C will win the competition ) = , P ( C will not win the competition ) =
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
( i ) P( either A or B wins ) = P( A will win ) + P( B will win ) = + =
𝟒 𝟖 𝟖
( ii ) P ( neither A nor C win ) = 1 – P ( either A win or C win )

𝟏 𝟏
= 1 – [ P ( A win ) + P ( C win ) ] = 1 – ( + )
𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟐 𝟕 𝟏𝟑
=1–( + )=1– =
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 300
91. Three football teams A, B and C paly each other only once. The probability that
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
A will beat B is , that B will beat C is and that C will beat A is . Calculate the
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
probability that C win both games. ( 2014 ဧရာွတီ )
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ေဘာလုဵ့ပျသ
ဲ ညး သေရအေ်ခအေန ထညးံမယူရမညးံ ကစာ့နညး့ ်ဖစးသညး၈
Solution
𝟏 𝟐
P ( A will beat B ) = , P ( B will beat A ) =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟑
P ( B will beat C ) = , P ( C will beat B ) = ,
𝟓 𝟓
𝟐 𝟓
P ( C will beat A ) = , P ( A will beat C ) =
𝟕 𝟕
P ( C win both games ) = P ( C will beat A and C will beat B )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
= P ( C will beat A ) x P ( C will beat B ) = x =
𝟕 𝟓 𝟑𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 mark
92. Two football teams M and N palyed 40 games. From those games , the
𝟏
probability that N will win M is and the probability that the two teams will draw
𝟒
𝟐
is . Find the number of games that M won N.
𝟓
Solution
𝟏 𝟏𝟎
P ( N will win M ) = =
𝟒 𝟒𝟎
𝟐 𝟏𝟔
P ( two teams will draw ) = =
𝟓 𝟒𝟎
By problem,
P ( N will win M ) + P ( two teams will draw ) + P ( M will win N ) = 1
P ( M will win N ) = 1 – [ P ( N will win M ) + P ( two teams will draw ) ]
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟏𝟒
=1–[ + ]=1– =
𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎
the number of games that M won N = 14 games

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Game Problems
93. A , B , C fire one shot each a target. ေသနတးပစး်ပိဳငးပတ ျ း ကစာ့သမာ့ A,B,C ကစာ့သမာ့
ျဲ စးခုတင
၀ေယာကး ပစးမြတးတစးခုကို တစးေယာကးတစးခ္ကးစီ ပစးၾကသညး၈ ( 2002 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟏 𝟏
The probability that A will hit the target is , A ၏ ပစးခ္ကး ပစးမြတးကိုထိရနး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏
the probability that B will hit the target is B ၏ ပစးခ္ကး ပစးမြတးကိုထိရနး ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ
𝟒 𝟒
Page 301
𝟏 𝟏
and the probability that B will hit the target is . B ၏ ပစးခ္ကး်ဖစးတနးစျမး့မြာ
𝟑 𝟑
If they fire together , calculate the probability that
သုဵ့ေယာကးသာ့ တစးေယာကးတစးလြညးံ ပစးမြတးတစးခုတညး့ကို အတူတကျပစးၾကသညးဆိုလ္ြငး
( i ) all three shot hit the target. ( သုဵ့ေယာကးစလုဵ့ ပစးမြတးကိုထိမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့ )
( ii ) C’s shot only hit the target. C သာလ္ြငးပစးမြတးကိုထိ်ပီ့ B ႏြငးံ C ပစးမြတးကိုလဲေျ ခ္ားမညးံ ်ဖစးတနးစျမး့
ကစာ့သမာ့ဘယးႏြစးေယာကးက ပစးမြတးတစးခုတညး့ကို ွိုငး့ပစးသညး်ဖစးေစ ကစာ့သမာ့တစးဦ့ခ္ငး့စီ၏
ပစးမြတးကိုထိ်ခငး့မထိ်ခငး့သညး တစးေယာကးႏြငးံ တစးေယာကး independent ်ဖစးပါသညး၈ ကစာ့သမာ့ ၀
ေယာကးစလုဵ့ ပစးမြတးကို ထိသညးံအေ်ခအေန ရြိႏိုငးသလို မထိသညးံအေ်ခအေနလညး့ ရြိႏိုငးသညးကို သိထာ့ရပါမညး၈
Solution
𝟏 𝟒
P ( A will hit the target ) = , P ( A will not hit the target ) =
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟑
P ( B will hit the target ) = , P ( B will not hit the target ) =
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝟐
P ( C will hit the target ) = , P ( C will not hit the target ) =
𝟑 𝟑
( i ) P ( all three shot hit the target )
= P ( A will hit and B will hit and C will hit the target )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= P ( A will hit ) x P ( B will hit ) x P ( C will hit ) = x x =
𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟔𝟎
( ii ) P ( C’s shot only hit the target )

= P ( A will not hit and B will not hit and C will hit the target )
= P ( A will hit the target ) x P ( B will not hit ) x P ( C will not hit )
𝟒 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏
= x x = =
𝟓 𝟒 𝟑 𝟔𝟎 𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Independent Events Problems
5 mark
𝟐
94. The probability of an event A happening is and the probability that event B
𝟑
𝟑
happening is . Given that A and B are independent , calculate the probability that
𝟖
( i )neither event happens. ( ii ) just one of two events happens. ( 2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
𝟐 𝟏
P ( event A happening ) = , P ( event A not happening ) =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝟓
P ( event B happening ) = , P ( event B not happening ) =
𝟖 𝟖
( i )P ( neither event happens ) = P( event A not happening and B not happening )
= P ( A not happening ) x P (B not happening )
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓
= x =
𝟑 𝟖 𝟐𝟒
Page 302
( ii ) P ( just one of two events happens )

= P ( A happening and B not happening ( or ) A not happening and B happening )
𝟐 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝟏𝟑
=( x )+( x )= + =
𝟑 𝟖 𝟑 𝟖 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95. Two independent events A and B each has two possible outcomes success or
failure . The probability of success in B is half the probability of success in A. If the
𝟐
probabilities of both A and B resulting in failure is . Calculate the probability
𝟗
that the outcomes of event B is success . ( 2007 ရခိုငး )
Solution
Let P ( success in A ) = x , P ( failure in A ) = 1 – x
By given,
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝒙 𝟐;𝒙
P ( success in B ) = P ( success in A ) = ( x ) = , P ( failure in B ) = 1 – =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
P ( success in B ) = ?
𝟐
P ( both A and B resulting in failure ) =
𝟗
𝟐
P ( failure in A and failure in B ) =
𝟗
𝟐
P ( failure in A ) x P ( failure in B ) =
𝟗
𝟐;𝒙 𝟐
(1–x)x( ) =
𝟐 𝟗
( 𝟏;𝒙 )(𝟐;𝒙) 𝟐
=
𝟐 𝟗
2 𝟒
2 – 3x + x =
𝟗
18 – 27x + 9x2 = 4
9x2 – 27x + 14 = 0
( 3x – 2 ) ( 3x – & ) = 0
𝟐 𝟕
x = ( or ) x = ( reject because of 0  Probability  1 )
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
If x = , P ( success in B ) = ( x ) = ( ) =
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
96. X and Y are two independent events. The probability that X will occur is twice
the probability that Y will occur and the probability that Y will not occur is four
times the probability that X will not occur. Then find the probability that both X
and Y will not occur. ( 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
Let P ( Y will occur ) = x ,
By given, P ( X will occur ) = 2P( Y will occur ) = 2x , P( X will not occur ) = 1 – 2x
Page 303
P ( both X and Y will not occur ) = ?

P ( Y will not occur ) = 4P ( X will not occur )
( 1 – x ) = 4 ( 1 – 2x )
1 – x = 4 – 8x
8x – x = 4 – 1
7x = 3
𝟑
x=
𝟕
𝟑 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏
If x = , P ( X will not occur ) = 1 – 2x = 1 – 2 ( ) = 1 – =
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟕
𝟑 𝟒
P ( Y will not occur ) = 1 – x = 1 – =
𝟕 𝟕
P ( both X and Y will not occur ) = P ( X will not occur ) x P ( Y will not occur )
𝟏 𝟒 𝟒
= x =
𝟕 𝟕 𝟒𝟗

( a ) X and Y are two independent events. The probability that X will occur is twice
the probability that Y will occur and the probability that Y will not occur is three
times the probability that X will not occur. Then find the probability that both X
𝟖
and Y will occur. ( Ans; ) ( 2010 မႏၲေလ့ )
𝟐𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 mark
97. If A is an event such that 6 [ P ( A ) ]2= P ( not A ) , then find the value of P ( A ).
Solution
6 [ P ( A ) ]2 = P ( not A )
let P ( A ) = x , then P ( not A ) = 1 – x
6 [ P ( A ) ]2 = P ( not A )
6x2 = 1 – x
6x2 + x – 1 = 0
( 3x – 1 ) ( 2x + 1 ) = 0
𝟏 𝟏
x = ( or ) x = – ( reject because of 0  Probability  1 )
𝟑 𝟐
𝟏
P(A)=
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
98. If A is an event such that 2 P ( A ) = P ( not A ) + 0.2 ,
then find the value of P ( A ).
Solution
2 P ( A ) = P ( not A ) + 0.2 , P ( A ) = ?
Page 304
2x = 1 – x + 0.2
3x = 1.2
x = 0.4
P ( A ) = 0.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
99. If P ( A ) = n P ( not A ) , then find the value of P ( A ).
Solution
P ( A ) = n P ( not A ) , P ( A ) = ?
P (A ) = n P ( not A )
x=n(1–x)
x = n – nx
x + nx = n
x(1+n)=n
𝒏
x=
𝟏:𝒏
𝒏
P(A)=
𝟏:𝒏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100. If A is an event such that P ( A ) = x and P ( not A ) = y , then verify that
[ P ( A ) ]3 + [ P ( not A ) ]3 = 1 – 3 P ( A ) P ( not A )
Solution
P ( A ) = x , P ( not A ) = y
then P ( A ) + P ( not A ) = 1
x+y=1
( x + y )3= 1
x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3= 1
x3 + 3xy ( x + y ) + y3= 1
x3 + 3xy + y3= 1 ( because of x + y = 1 )
3 3
x + y = 1 – 3xy
[ P ( A ) ]3 + [ P ( not A ) ]3 = 1 – 3 P ( A ) P ( not A )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Expected frequency Problem
3 marks
101. The probability that an experiment will be successful is half the probability
that it will fail. If the experiment is repeatd 120 times , what is the number of
failure to be expected ?
Solution
Let required experiment be A and P ( A will be successful ) = x
Then P ( A will not be successful ) = 1 – x
By given,
𝟏
P ( A will be successful ) = P ( A will not be successful )
𝟐
Page 305
𝟏
x= (1–x)
𝟐
2x = 1 – x
3x = 1
𝟏
x=
𝟑
𝟏 𝟐
P ( A will not be successful ) = 1 – x = 1 – =
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
the number of failure to be expected in 120 times = x 120 = 80
𝟑

( a ) The probability that an event A will occur is twice the probability that it will
not occur. Find the expected number of times that A will not occur in 600 trails
( Ans; 200 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2019 - လကးေဆာငးသစး ေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့မြ သုဵ့မြတးတနးမ္ာ့
𝟏
( 1 ) A coin is tossed k times. If the probability of getting no tails is , find the
𝟓𝟏𝟐
value of k.
Solution
𝟏
The probability of getting no tails for tossing 1 times =
𝟐
The individual tossings of a coin are independent.
𝟏
So, the probability of getting no tails for tossing k times = ( )k
𝟐
By given,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( )k = = ( )9
𝟐 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝟐
k=9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) A group of students consist of one boy and two girls. If two students are chosen
at random, find the probability that they will be two girls and they were born in
the same month of the year.
Solution
P ( the two students chosen will be two girls )
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
= P ( 1st student will be girl and 2nd student will be girl ) =
x =
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
P ( the two students chosen were born in the same month of the year )
= P ( January and January ( or ) February and February ( or ) March and March
( or ) April and April ( or ) May and May ( or ) June and June ( or ) July and July
( or ) August and August ( or ) September and September ( or )October and October
( or )November and November ( or )December and December )
Page 306
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=( x )+( x )+( x )+( )x )+( x )+( x
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+( x ) +( x )+( x )+( x )+( x )+( x )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 12 ( x )=
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
The two events are independent, So

P ( they will be two girls and they were born in the same month of the year )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= x =
𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံရနး ဥာဏးစမး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Question by ; KoAungLwinOoo – T.F.S Education Website
( 1 )Between the numbers 10 and 100 both inclusive,find the probability of all
common multiple of 2 and 3. Question by ; KoAungLwinOoo – T.F.S Education
Solution
the numbers 10 and 100 both inclusive = 10,11,12,13,………,100
It is an A.P.
a = 10 , d = 1 , Un = 100
Un = a + ( n – 1 ) d
100 = 10 + ( n – 1 ) 1
n – 1 = 90
n = 91
Number of possible outcmes = 91
All common multiple of 2 and 3 between 10 and 100 = 12,18,24,………., 96

It is also an A.P.
a = 12 , d = 6 , Un = 96
96 = 12 + ( n – 1 ) 6
( n – 1 ) 6 = 84
n – 1 = 14
n = 15
Number of favourable outcmes = 15
𝟏𝟓
P ( All common multiple of 2 and 3 between 10 and 100 ) =
𝟗𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) The cards numbered as 1,2,3 are placed in a bag. A card is taken out and the
number is recorded. Then a second card is taken out without replacement the first
card. After the number has been recorded, it is replaced in the bag and the third
card card is taken out again.Draw a tree diagram to list all three digits
numeral.Find the probability that
( 1 ) getting numerals that has a three difference digits
( 2 ) getting numerals that has ascending digits’ order
Page 307
Page | 308
( 3 ) getting numerals neither that is divisible by 2 nor that is not ending by 1.

( 4 ) getting numerals which middle digit is neither minimum nor maximum value
( ဤပုစာၦသညး ်ပနးထပး်ခငး့ႏြငးံ ်ပနးမထပး်ခငး့ ေရာထာ့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့်ဖစးပါသညး၈ )
Solution Question by ; KoAungLwinOoo – T.F.S Education
2 122
2
3 123
1
2 132
3
3 133
1 211
1
3 213
2
1 231
3
3 233
1 311
1
2 312
3
1 321
2
2 322
The set of all possible outcomes = { 122,123,132,133,211,213,231,

233,311,312,321,322 }
( 1 ) getting numerals that has a three difference digits
The set of favourable outcomes = { 123,132,213,231,312,321 }
𝟔 𝟏
P ( getting numerals that has a three difference digits ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟐
( 2 ) getting numerals either that has ascending digits’ order

or that has descending digits’ order
The set of favourable outcomes = { 123,321 }
P ( getting numerals either that has ascending digits’ order
𝟐 𝟏
or that has descending digits’ order ) = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟔
KoAunglwinoo( T.F.S – EDUCATION WEBSITE ) Page 308

Page | 309
( 3 ) getting numerals neither that is divisible by 2 nor that is not ending by 1.

The set of favourable outcomes = { 123,133,213,233 }
P ( getting numerals neither that is divisible by 2 nor that is not ending by 1 )
𝟒 𝟏
= =
𝟏𝟐 𝟑
( 4 ) getting numerals which middle digit is neither minimum nor maximum value
The set of favourable outcomes = { 122,123,321,322 }
P ( getting numerals which middle digit is neither minimum nor maximum value )
𝟒 𝟏
= =
𝟏𝟐 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) A bag contains 4 red balls, 3 blue balls abd 2 green balls. A ball is taken out ,
the colour is recorded and then replaced into the bag. The second ball is taken out
again, the colour is recorded and then the third ball is taken out without
replacement the second ball. Find he probability that the three balls taken out will
be the same colour. Question by ; KoAungLwinOoo – T.F.S Education
Solution
P ( the three balls taken out will be the same colour )
= P ( 1st ball is red and 2nd ball is red and 3rd ball is red
( or ) 1st ball is blue and 2nd ball is blue and 3rd ball is blue
( or ) 1st ball is green and 2nd ball is green and 3rd ball is green )
= [ P ( 1st ball is red ) x P ( 2nd ball is red ) x P ( 3rd ball is red ) ]
+[ P ( 1st ball is blue ) x P ( 2nd ball is blue ) + P ( 3rd ball is blue ) ]
+ [ P ( 1st ball is green ) x P ( 2nd ball is green ) x P ( 3rd ball is green ) ]
𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
=( x x )+( x x ) +( x x )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
=( x x )+( x x ) +( x x )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟏
𝟒𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟒
= + +
𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟒
𝟕𝟎 𝟑𝟓
= =
𝟏𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝟕𝟗𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page | 310

Page | 311

Page | 312

CH 567 2019 For Book Teacher Page Final

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A Complete Teacher Guide

တူညီေသာအစီအစဥးအာ့ အႀကိမးအေရအတျကးေပၚ အေ်ခခဵတျကးခ္ကးရသညး။

1 ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = first term = 1st term = U1

အကယး၊ အထကးပါကါနး့တနး့ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့အာ့ U1 မြ Un အထိသာပိုငး့ယူပါက

Un = nth term = last term

Type of Sequence & Series

Sequence ႏြငးံ Serie မ္ာ့ကို အမ္ဳိ့အစာ့ချလ

The nth term = Un = 2n

The next two terms = U5 = 52 = 25 , U6 = 62 = 36

Old Question ( 3 marks ) Recursion formula ( နိမးံရာမြ ်မငးံရာသို႔ )

ကိနး့စဥးတစးခုရြိ ကပးလ္ြကးေနာကးကိနး့မြ ကပးလ္ြကးေရြ႕ကိနး့ ႏႈတး်ခငး့တနးဖိုမ္ာ့တူေနသညးံအခါ

အကယး၊ U1 , U2 , U3 , U4 သညး A.P တစးခု်ဖစးလ္ြငး

Un – 1 ု မြၾကညးံလ္ြငး Un – 2 သညး ေရြ႕ကိန့း Un သညး ေနာကးကိနး့

nth term= last term = final term = general term = Un = a + ( n – 1 )d

ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ ပုဵႏြိပးစာအုပးပါ Sequence ႏြငးံ Series တို႔၏ အဓိပၸါယး သတးမြတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကို

အႀကိမး 1 2 3 4 5 n Natural numbers

အထကးပါဆကးသျယးမႈပုဵစဵေလ့ကို Venn diagram ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပပါက

Sequence တစးခုဆိုသညးမြာ ၁ငး့၏ domain သညး သဘာာွကိနး့မ္ာ့အစု်ဖစးေနေသာ

အဆိုပါ Sequence ၏ ကိနး့လုဵ့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) terms မ္ာ့အာ့ function ၏ ရလဒးတနးဖိုမ္ာ့ ( သို႔ )

nth term or general term

အဆိုပါ Sequence ၏ n ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့လုဵ့တနးဖို့ ( သို႔ ) general term ( Un ) ရြာသညးံ

Sn ႏြငးံ Un ၾကာ့ ဆကးသယ

Old Question ( 3 marks ) ⟵ ယခငး ှ မြတးတနး ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့

ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

U21 = a + 20d = 12 + 20( 4 ) = 12 + 80 = 92

ေနာကိထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

အထကးပါ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ကိုတျကးၾကညးံပါက Up = q ႏြငးံ Uq = p ်ဖစးေနသညးံ အေ်ခအေနတျငး Up + q

Example 3. Which term of the A.P 6,13,20,27,……. is 111 ?

ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question

ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

ေနာကိထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

( 1 ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( ဥပမာ p ႏြငံး q ) ၾကာ့ A.M တစးလုဵ့တညး့ရြာလိုလ္ြငး

ေရြ႕ကိနး့ + ေနာကးကိနး့ 𝒑:𝒒

Example 4. Insert three A.Ms between 7 and – 5.

S ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ = ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြ အဆိုပါအၾကိမးေ်မာကးအထိ ကိနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ေပါငး့လဒး

ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ သုဵ့လုဵ့ ေပါငး့လဒး = The sum of the three terms = U1 + U2 + U3 = S3

A.P တစးခုရြိ ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ အာ့လုဵ့ေပါငး့လဒး = ကိနးလုဵ့ေရ တစးွကး x ( ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ + ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ )

အကယး၊ ေရြ႕ဆဵု့ကိနး့ = a / ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ = l

ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့သိေသာ A.P အတျကး ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့မသိေသာ A.P အတျကး

d = 0 ်ဖစးေနေသာ A.P အတျကး

Sn = sum of first n term , n = number of term

Sum of terms in an inteval of an A.P

အတျငး့အက္ဆုဵ့ အလယးကိနး့ = ( ကိးနး့လုဵ့ေရ + 1 ) ÷ 2

Write down the required terms and sum of the followings.

Sn တနးဖို့မ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကး ( n )သညး 0 မ်ဖစးရ အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ

ေနာကိထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

ေနာကိထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

32. For an A.P , U10 = S10 , then fnd U5 .

ေနာကးထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

Example 7. How many terms of the arithmetic progression 9,7,5,… add up to 24 ?

ေမ့ချနး့အ်ဖစး ေမ့ႏိုငးေသာ ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့

ေနာကးထပး ပုဵစဵတူ Old Question မ္ာ့

ဂဏနး့ ဿ လုဵ့ပါ သဘာွကိနး့မ္ာ့ = 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ,…, 96 , 97 , 98 ,99

= 4905 – 1665 = 3240

The sum of first 4 terms + The sum of next 4 terms

The sum of first 8 terms

The sum of first 4 terms + The sum of next 4 terms

The sum of first 2 ( 4 ) terms

U1 + U2 +………+ Un + Un+1 + ……………+ U2n

The sum of first n terms + The sum of next n terms

U1 + U2 +…. + Un + Un+1 + ……… + U2n

The sum of first 2n terms

မသိကိနး့ပါကိနး့တနး့တစးခု၏ေပါငး့လဒးအာ့ ကိနး့တစးခုခု်ဖငးံ စာ့၊်ပတးမ်ပတး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့