Chapter 1 2 3 4 20.5.2019

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 1 )
functions
KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 1 )
Functions
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ( Relations )
အစုမ္ာ့သညး တစးစုခ္ငး့သီ့်ခာ့ေနေသာအခါ တစးစုႏြငးံတစးစု မညးသညးံ ပတးသတးမႈမြ မရြိေသားလညး့
တစးစုႏြငးံတစးစု ဆကးစပးေနသညးံအခါ ၁ငး့တို႔ၾကာ့တျငး ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ( Relation ) မ္ာ့ရြိလာပါသညး။
အမြနးတကယးတမး့တျငး ဆကးသျယး ခ္ကးဆိုသညးမြာ ်ပငးပဘွတျငး အမြနးတကယးရြိသညးံအရာွတၳဳမ္ာ့
တစးစုႏြငးံတစးစုစပးဆကးေန်ခငး့ကို သခ္ၤာႏြငးံအစု သေကၤတမ္ာ့ သုဵ့၍ စနစးတက္ေဖား်ပ်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။
ဥပမာ။ ။
အိပးကပးထဲရြိ ပိုကဆ
း ဵအစု ႏြငးံ ႏိုငးငဵမ္ာ့အစု ႏြငးံ
ေစ့္ပစၥညး့မ္ာ့အစုၾကာ့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ၿမိဳ႕ေတားမ္ာ့အစုၾကာ့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး
ေစ့္ဖို့အစု ေစ့္ပစၥညး့အစု ႏိုငးငဵမ္ာ့အစု ၿမိဳ႕ေတားမ္ာ့အစု
500 ဘဲဥ Myanmar Yangon
300 ခရမး့ခ္ဥးသီ့ England Landond
200 ငရုတးသီ့ Japan Tokyo
ဤသို႔ေဖား်ပရာတျငး ဆကးသျယခ
း ္ကးသေဘာတရာ့ႏြငးံပတးသတးသညးံ သခ္ၤာဆိုငးရာသေကၤတမ္ာ့၊
အသုဵ့အႏႈနး့မ္ာ့ကို မြနးကနးစျာနာ့မလညးပါက ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးသေဘာကိုလညး့ နာ့လညးႏိုငးမညး မဟုတးသ်ဖငးံ
အဆိုပါ သေကၤတမ္ာ့၊ အသုဵ့အႏႈနး့မ္ာ့ကို ေသေသခ္ာခ္ာနာ့လညးႏိုငးေစရနး မြတးသာ့ထာ့သငးံပါသညး။
အထကးပါဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကိုၾကညးံလ္ြငး ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခု၌ အနညး့ဆုဵ့ အစုႏြစးခု ပါွငးရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့
ေရြ႕အစုကို အမြီခ ဵအ စု ( သို႔ ) ပငးရ ငး့အစု ( သို႔ ) ပငးရ ငး့နယး ( Domain ) ဟု ေခၚၾက်ပီ့ ေနာကးအစုကို
လိုကးဖ ကးအ စု( သို႔ ) လိုကးဖ ကးန ယး ( Codomain ) ဟု ေခၚၾကပါသညး။
Domain ႏြငးံ Codomain ထဲရြိ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့မ္ာ့၊ အကၡရာမ္ာ့၊ အရာွတၳဳအမညးမ္ာ့ စသညးအရာ အာ့လုဵ့ကို
elements အစုွငးမ္ာ့ ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။
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ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ( Relation ) တစးခု၏ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့သညး လကးေတျ႕ဘွမြ ်ဖစးရပးမ္ာ့၊အစုမ္ာ့အေပၚတျငး အေ်ခခဵထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး
တစးခုတျငး
( 1 ) Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ အာ့လုဵ့ ေနာကးအစုသို႔ ဆကးသျယးခ္ငးမြ ဆကးသျယးပါလိမးံမညး။
( ဥပမာ ေစ့္ွယးသညးံကိစၥတျငး ေစ့္ွယးတစးေယာကးသညး အိပးကပးထဲရြိ ပိုကးဆဵအာ့လုဵ့ကုနးေအာငး ွယးခ္ငးမြ
ွယးမညး ်ဖစးပါသညး။ အိပးကပးထဲရြိ ပိုကးဆဵမ္ာ့အစု = Domain )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ေစ့္ဖို့အစု ေစ့္ပစၥညး့အစု
500 ဘဲဥ Domain ထဲတျငး

ဆကးသျယးရနး အစုွငးမ္ာ့
300 ခရမး့ခ္ဥးသီ့
က္နးခဲံခ္ငး က္နးခဲံႏိုငးသညး။
200
( 2 ) Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ အာ့လုဵ့ ဆကးသျယးခဵခ္ငးမြ ဆကးသျယးခဵရပါလိမးံမညး။

ဥပမာ အဆိုပါေစ့္ွယးသညးေစ့္ဗနး့ထဲရြိပစၥညး့အာ့လုဵ့ကုွယး
ိ မညးမဟုတးေပ။ ေစ့္ပစၥညး့မ္ာ့အစု = Codomain
500 ဘဲဥ Codomain ထဲတျငး

ခရမး့ခ္ဥးသီ့ ဆကးသျယးရနး အစုွငးမ္ာ့
300
က္နးခဲံခ္ငး က္နးခဲံႏိုငးသညး။
ဆာ့
( 3 ) Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုသညး Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုထကးပုိ်ပီ့ ဆကးသျယးချငးံ ရြိသညး။

( ဥပမာ ပိုကးဆဵတစးေထာငးတညး့မြ ၾကကးဥ ွယးခ္ငးလညး့ွယးႏိုငးသညး။ အဆိုပါ ပိုကးဆဵ တစးေထာငးတညး့်ဖငးံပငး
ဆာ့၊ငရုတးသီ့၊ၾကကးသျနး သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့ွယးခ္ငးွယးနိုငး ( ဆကးသျယးႏိုငး ) သညး။ )
800 ဘဲဥ Domain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုတညး့မြ
300 Codomain ရြိ တစးခုထကးပိုေသာ

ခရမး့ခ္ဥးသီ့ element မ္ာ့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့
200 ်ဖာထျကးချငးံ ရြိသညး။
ငရုတးသီ့
( 3 ) Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုတညး့သို႔ Domain ထဲရြိ တစးခုထကးပိုေသာအစုွငးမ္ာ့ ဆကးသျယးချငးံ

ရြိသညး။( ဥပမာ ၾကကးသျနးတစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့ကို ပထမ ၀ွွ ဖို့ွယး မေလာကးသ်ဖငးံ ေနာကးထပး ဿွွ ဖို့
ထပးွယး်ခငး့မ္ဳိ့ ) ေစ့္ဖို့အစု ေစ့္ပစၥညး့အစု
400 ဘဲဥ
Domain ထဲရြိ တစးခုထကးပိုေသာ
300 element မ္ာ့မြ Codomain ရြိ element
ခရမး့ခ္ဥးသီ့
တစးခုတညး့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့
200
ငရုတးသီ့ ်ဖာထျကးချငးံ ရြိသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Relations ( ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့)
အထကးပါ ဥပမာမ္ာ့တျငး ေဖား်ပထာ့သညးံအတိုငး့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခုသညး
 ေရြ႕အစုွငး က္နးခ္ငးက္နးခဲံႏိုငးသလို ေနာကးအစုွငး က္နးခ္ငးက္နးခဲံႏိုငးသညး။

 ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ ်ဖာထျကးချငးံ ရြိသလို စုဆုဵချငးံလညး့ ရြိေနသညး။
ထို႔အ်ပငး ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခုတျငး
 မညးသညံးအစုွငးႏြငးံ မညးသညးံအစုွငး ဆကးသျယးမညး မဆကးသျယးမညးကို တိက္သညးံ ်ပဌာနး့ခ္ကး

ရြိမေနသလို
 မညးသညံးအစုွငးဆိုလ္ြငးမညးံသညးံအစုွငးသို႔ဆကးသျယးေပ့ရမညးဆိုသညးံခနး႔မြနး့်ခငး့၊တျကးခ္ကး်ခငး့မ္ဳိ့လညး့
မလုပးႏိုငးပါ
Functions ( အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့)
အကယး၍
ေရြ႕အစုရြိ အစုွငးသညး မညးသညးံတနးဖို့်ဖစး
သညးံအ ခါ ေနာကးဖနးရြငးရအစုွငး
ြိ သညး မညးသညးံတနးဖို့ရြိရမညးဟု
တိတိက္က္ခနး႔မြနး့ေဖား်ပတျကးခ္ကးႏိုငးလ္ြင၁ငး
း ့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးအ မ္ဳိ့အစာ့ကိအလိ
ု ုကးေ်ပာငး့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး
( function ) ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။
အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခုတျငး ေရြ႕အစုထဲရြိ ေ်ပာငး့လဲသျာ့ေသာအစုွငးတနးဖို့အလိုကး ေနာကးအစု

ထဲရြိအစုွငးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး တိက္ေသာပုဵစဵတစးခု်ဖငးံ အလိုကးသငးံ လိုကးပါ ေ်ပာငး့လဲေနပါသညး။ အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခု ( သို႔ ) function တစးခုစီ တစးခုစီတိုငး့တျငး ေရြ႕ႏြငးံေနာကး အစုွငးမ္ာ့အၾကာ့ မညးသညးံ
အစုွငးက မညးသညးံအစုွငးကို ဆကးသျယးေပ့ရမညးဆိုသညးံ တိက္သညးံေယဘုယ္ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးပုဵစဵတစးခုစီ ရြိၾက
ပါသညး။ အဆိုပါပုဵစဵကို သကးဆိုငးရာဖနးရြငး၏ေဖား်မဴလာ ( formula of the function ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး။ ရို့ရို့
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ( Relation ) ကဲံသို႔မဟုတးပဲ အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ( function ) မ္ာ့သညး
ေရြ႕အစုွငးမ္ာ့မြ ေနာကးအစုွငးမ္ာ့သို႔ တိက္သညးံပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ဆကးသျယးေနသ်ဖငးံ အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး
( function ) တစးခုေအာကးတျငး
1. ေရြ႕အစုွငးမ္ာ့ က္နးခဲံလို႔ မရ။ ( ေနာကးအစုွငးမ္ာ့ က္နးခဲံခ္ငးက က္နးခဲံႏိုငးသညး။ )

2. ေရြ႕အစုွငးတစးခုမြ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ ်ဖာထျကးလို႔ မရ။ ( ေနာကးအစုွငးသို႔ စုဆုဵခ္ငး ဆုဵႏိုငးသညး။ )
ဟူသညးံ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကး ႏြစးခု ရြိလာပါသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ Relation ႏြငးံ function ၾကာ့ အဓိက်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးမြာ
အဆိုပါကနး႔သတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ေဖား်မဴလာရြိ်ခငး့မရြိ်ခငး့ဆိုသညးံ အခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ်ဖစးလာပါသညး။
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The main difference between Relation & Function
( Relation ႏြငးံ function ၾကာ့ အဓိက်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့)
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခုသညး Relation လာ့ function လာ့ အဓိကချဲ်ခာ့ရနးမြာ
1. ေရြ႕အစုမြ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ ်ဖာထျကးလာ့ မ်ဖာထျကးလာ့ၾကညးံ။ ်ဖာရငး Relation

2. မ်ဖာရငး ေနာကးတစးဆငးံ ေရြ႕အစုတျငး မဆကးသျယးပဲ က္နးခဲံသညးံ အစုွငးရြိလာ့ မရြိလာ့ၾကညးံ။ က္နးခဲံရငး
Relation
3. မ်ဖာလညး့မ်ဖာဘူ့ မက္နးလဲမက္နးဘူ့ဆိုရငး function ။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
*** ေနာကးအစုရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ စုဆုဵလာ့ မစုဆုဵလာ့ ၾကညးံစရာမလို function ်ဖစး်ဖစး

Relation ်ဖစး်ဖစး စုဆုဵႏိုငးသညး။
*** ေနာကးအစုတျငး ဆကးသျယးရနးအစုွငးမ္ာ့သို႔ က္နးလာ့၊မက္နးလာ့ ၾကညးံစရာမလို function ်ဖစး်ဖစး

Relation ်ဖစး်ဖစး က္နးလိုက က္နးႏိုငးသညး။
ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ function တစးခုေဖား်ပ်ခငး့နညး့လမး့မ္ာ့ႏြငးံ function တစးခု၏ အစိတးအပိုငး့မ္ာ့ကို ေလံလာ

ၾကညးံၾကပါစို႔။
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ဖနးရ ြငက
း ို ေဖား်ပနညး့ငါ့သျယး
ဖနးရြငက
း ို နညး့လမး့ငါ့သျယး်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပနိုငသ
း ညး။
ဥပမာ အစု A = { 1,2 } ႏြငံ း အစု B = { 5,10 } ၾကာ့
1 မြ 5
2 မြ 10
ဆကးသျယထ
း ာ့မႈကို အဆိုပါနညး့လမး့ ငါ့သျယး ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလြ္ငး
1. Arrow diagram ( အစုႏြစးခုၾကာ့ ်မႇာ့ညႊနးဆကးသျယး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ )
1 5
2 10
2. Verbal statement ( စာ်ဖငးံ )

အထကးပါဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့တျငး 1 ေလ့သညး 5 ေလ့ကို ဆကးသျယးထာ့်ပီ့ 1 သညး 5 ၏ ငါ့ပုဵပုဵတစးပုဵ
်ဖစးသညး။ ထို႔အတူ 2 ေလ့သညးလညး့ 10 ေလ့၏ ငါ့ပုဵပုဵ တစးပုဵ ်ဖစးသညး။ ၁ငး့တို႔ကို အဂၤလိပးလိုေရ့လ္ြငး
1 is is one fifth of 5 , 2 is is one fifth of 10 ဟုေရ့ႏိုငသ

း လို
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး " is one fifth of " ဖနးရြငး်ဖစးသညး ဟု အမညးတပးႏိုငးပါသညး။
one third of = သုဵ့ပုုဵ တစးပုဵ / one fourth of = ေလ့ပုဵ တစးပုဵ / half of = ႏြစးပုဵ တစးပုဵ
3. Set of order pair ( အစုတျဲ ( x , y ) ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ )
အထကးပါပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အစုတျဲတစးစုဵသညး ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးစုဵကိုကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညး။ အစုတျဲကျငး့
အတျငး့ ရြိ ေရြ႕တနးဖို့သညး Domain အတျငး့ရြိ element ( သို႔ ) x ေလ့ကို ကုိယးစာ့်ပဳ်ပီ့ ေနာကးတနးဖို့သညး
Codomain အတျငး့ရြိ element ( သို႔ ) y ေလ့ကို ကုိယးစာ့်ပဳပါသညး။ Given function = {( 1,5 ),( 2,10 )}
4. Table form ( ဇယာ့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ )
x 1 2
y = 5x 5 10

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
5. Graph ( ဂရပးပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ )
( 2 , 10 )
10
( 1 , 5
5
)
X
O 1 2
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ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ အစိတးအပိုငး့မ္ာ့
The major parts of a Function ( ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏အဓိကအစိတးအပိုငး့မ္ာ့)
ဖနးရြငးတစးခုတျငး
( 1 ) Domain ( ပငးရငး့အစု / ပငးရငး့နယး )
( 2 ) Codomain ( အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့အစု / လိုကးဖကးနယး )
( 3 ) Range ( သကးေရာကးအစု / သကးေရာကးနယး )
( 4 ) Element of domain ( domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ )
( 5 ) Image ( Element of codomain ) ( codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ )
( 6 ) Formula ( domain ႏြငးံ codomain ကို ဆကးသျယးေပ့သညးံ ပုဵေသနညး့ )
( 7 ) Restricted value of element ( အစုွငးမ္ာ့အတျကး ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ )
ဟူသညးံ အဓိကအေ်ခခဵအစိတးအပိုငး့ ( ၄ ) ခု ပါွငးပါသညး။
A = Domain B = Codomain C = Range

f
1 2 image of 1
2 4 image of 2
element
3 6 image of 3
x y image of x
8
ပုဵ - ှ
အထကးပါပုဵေလ့တျငး အစု A မြ B သို႔ ဆကးသျယးထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးေလ့အာ့ ဖနးရြငး f ေလ့ဟု နာမညးေပ့ထာ့ပါ
သညး။ ၁ငး့ကို " f is a function from A to B " ဟုေရ့သညး။ သေကၤတအာ့်ဖငးံ f : A  B ဟုေဖား်ပပါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f : A  B ကို f is a function from A to B ဟု အသဵထျကး ဖတးရပါမညး။
ဤတျငး A ႏြငးံ B မြာ သငးံေလ္ြားရာ အမညးမ္ာ့ ်ဖစး်ပီ့ အမြနးတကယး နာ့လညးထာ့ရမညံးပုဵစဵမြာ
f : Domain  Codomain ႏြငးံ f is a function from Domain to Codomain. တို႔်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။
f:AB f is a function from A to B
အထကးပါဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့တျငး အစု A ထဲရြိ 1 ေလ့မြ အစု B ထဲရြိ 2 ေလ့သို႔ ်မြာ့်ဖငးံ ညႊနး်ပဆကးသျယး

ထာ့ပါသညး။ ၁ငး့ကိုအဂၤလိပးလို f map 1 to 2 ဟုေရ့်ပီ့ သေကၤတအာ့်ဖငးံ
f : 1 ↦ 2 ဟုေရ့ ပါသညး။
f : 1 ↦ 2 ကို f map 1 to 2 ဟုဖတးရပါမညး။
၁ငး့တျငး 1 ေလ့သညး Domain - A ေလ့၏ အစုွငး်ဖစးသလို 2 ေလ့သညး Codomain - B ေလ့၏ အစုွငး
်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ အစုွငး်ဖစး်ခငး့ကို အဂၤလိပးလိုေရ့လ္ြငး 1 belong to A ႏြငးံ 2 belong to B ဟုေရ့်ပီ့
သေကၤတအာ့်ဖငးံေရ့လ္ြငး 1 ∈ A ႏြငးံ 2 ∈ B ဟု ေရ့ပါသညး။
ဤတျငး ∈ ဆိုေသာသေကၤတေလ့သညး belong to ( အစုွငး်ဖစးသညး ) ဆိုေသာ အဓိပၸါယးေလ့ကို
ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳပါသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ေလ့အာ့ ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့ ေရ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
f:1 ↦2 is read as f map 1 to 2 and 1∈A,2∈B

f:2 ↦4 is read as f map 2 to 4 and 2∈A,4∈B
f:3 ↦ 6 is read as f map 3 to 6 and 3∈A,6∈B
f:x ↦ y is read as f map x to y and x ∈A , y ∈ B
အထူ့မြတသ
း ာ့ရနးမြာ
x ႏြငံ း y တို႔အာ့ေဖား်ပမထာ့လ္ြငလ း ညး့ x သညး အၿမဲ domain ထဲရြိ ကိန့း ရြင်း ဖစးၿပီ့ y သညး Codomain
ထဲရြိကိန့း ရြင်း ဖစးေၾကာငး့ ပုစာၦလိုအပးခ္ကးအရ သိထာ့ရမညး်ဖစးသညး။ ဤတျငး y တနးဖို့ေလ့သညး x တနးဖို့ေပၚ
လိုကး်ပီ့ ေ်ပာငး့လဲေနသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ကို အလိက း ်ပာငး့ကိန့း ရြငး ( သို႔ ) မီြကိန့း ရြငး ( dependent variable ) ဟု
ု ေ
ေခၚၿပီ့ x တနးဖို့ေလ့သညး y ၏ မြီ်ခငး့ကို ခဵေနရသ်ဖငးံ အမီြခဵကိန့း ရြငး ( သို႔ ) ၁ငး့ေ်ပာငး့လိုရာတနးဖို့ကို
လျတးလျတးလပးလပး ေ်ပာငး့ႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ကို သညး အလျတးေ်ပာငး့ ကိန့း ရြငး ( independent variable )
ဟုေခၚသညး။
ပုဵ ( ှ ) ရြိ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ function “ f ” ေလ့ေအာကးတျငး
Domain = A = { 1,2,3 } , Codomain = B = { 2,4,6,8 } ်ဖစးလာမညး။
အထကးပါပုဵေလ့တျငး 1 , 2 , 3  Domain ထဲရြိ element မ္ာ့
2,4,6,8  Codomain ထဲရြိ element မ္ာ့
x  Domain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုခုကို ရညးညႊနး့သညးံ ကိနး့ရြငး
y  Codomain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုခုကိုရညးညႊနး့သညးံ ကိနး့ရြငး
Codomain ထဲတျငး 2,4,6,8 အစုွငး ၁ ခု ရြိေသားလညး့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးေအာကးတျငး အမြနးတကယး ဆကး
သျယးထာ့သညးံ ( သို႔ ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးက အမြနးတကယး သကးေရာကးေနသညးံ အစုွငးမ္ာ့မြာ 2 , 4 , 6
ဆိုသညးံ အစုွငးမ္ာ့သာ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အဆိုပါအစုွငးမ္ာ့ ပါေသာအစုကို ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးေလ့၏သကးေရာကးနယး
( Range ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး။ ထိ႔ေ ု ၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငး၏ Range ကိုေဖား်ပပါဆိုပါက Codomain ထဲရြိ
element အာ့လုဵ့ ( 2,4,6,8 တိ႔အ ု ာ့)ေရ့ေပ့ရမညးမဟုတးပဲ ဖနးရြငးက ်မြာ့ညႊနးဆကးသျယးထာ့သညးံ element
မ္ာ့်ဖစးသညးံ 2,4,6 သုဵ့ခုကိုသာ ေရ့ေပ့ရမညး ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ Range = C = { 2,4,6 } ်ဖစးလာမညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
”Range သညး Codomain ၏ အစုပိုင့း ်ဖစးသညးကိုအထူ့သတိထာ့ပါ။”
The range is a subset of codomain.
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေအာကး၌ ေနာကးအစုရြိ 2,4,6 တုိ႔ကို ေရြ႕အစုရြိ 1,2,3 တို႔၏ image မ္ာ့
ဟုေခၚသညး။
2 = the image of 1 , 4 = the image of 2 , 6 = the image of 4 , y = the image of x

( ေရြ႕အစုွငးမ္ာ့မြ ဆကးသျယးထာ့ေသာ ေနာကးအစုွငးမ္ာ့အာ့ အဘယးံေၾကာငးံ image ဟု ေခၚရသနညး့
ဆိုေသား မြနးတစးခ္ပးသညး ၁ငးေရြ႕တျငး ပုေသာသူလာရပးပါက ပုေသာ image ေလ့ေပၚသကဲံသို႔ ရြညးေသာသူ လာ
ရပးပါက ရြညးေသာ image ေလ့ေပၚသညးံ လာရပးသူအလိုကးေ်ပာငး့လဲေနသညးံအေ်ခအေနကဲံသို႔ပငး အထကးပါ
အစုႏြစးစုတျငးလညး့ ေရြ႕အစုရြိ element မ္ာ့အလိုကး ေနာကးအစုရြိ element မ္ာ့ ေ်ပာငး့လဲေန်ခငး့ကို တငးစာ့
သညးံအေန်ဖငးံ ေနာကးအစုရြိ element မ္ာ့ကို image ဟု ေခၚရ်ခငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ Range သညး
image မ္ာ့၏ အစုပငး်ဖစးသညးဟု နာ့လညးထာ့ရမညး။ )
The range is the set of images of elements.
ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ function ဆုိငးရာ အသုဵ့အႏႈနး့မ္ာ့၏ ဆငးံကဲ်ဖစးေပၚလာပုဵကိုေလံလာၾကညးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး

ေနာကးအစုရြိ element မ္ာ့သညး ေရြ႕အစုရြိ element မ္ာ့၏ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ပငး ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးအာ့ ်မနးမာဝါက္ ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေရ့လ္ြငး
ေနာကးအစုရြိ 2 ေလ့သညး ေရြ႕အစုရြိ 1 ေလ့၏ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့ ်ဖစးသညး
ဟု ေရ့ရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ အဂၤလိပွ
း ါက္ပုဵစဵ ေရ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
“the function of 1 is ( equal to ) 2 ”
ဟု ေရ့ပါမညး။ ပုိ်ပီ့က္စးလ္စးေအာငး ေရ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
the function of 1 = 2
ဟုေရ့ႏိုငးမညး်ဖစးသညး။ သို႕ေသား သခ္ၤာသညး အတိုခ္ဳဵေရ့သာ့ေလံရြိသညးံ ဘာသာရပး ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ

 the function ဆုိေသာ စကာ့လုဵ့အစာ့ function ၏ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့စာလုဵ့ f ေလ့အာ့ယူ်ပီ့
 of ဆုိေသာ စကာ့လုဵ့အစာ့ ကျငး့စကျငး့ပိတးေလ့ ( ) ်ဖငးံ ဖလြယးသုဵ့လိုကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
the function of 1 = f ( 1 ) = 2 ဟုေရ့ႏိုငးပါမညး

။
ထို႔အတူ က္နးေသာ အစုဝငးမ္ာ့အာ့လညး့ အထကးပါပုဵစဵအတိုငး့ ဆကးေရ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
the function of 1 = f ( 1 ) = 2 = 2( 1 )
the function of 2 = f ( 2 ) = 4 = 2( 2 )
the function of 3 = f ( 3 ) = 6 = 2( 3 )
the function of x = f ( x ) = y = 2x
ထို႔အတူ 1 ၏ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်ဖစးသညးံ 2 ေလ့မြာ 1 ၏ image ေလ့ပငး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ပုစာၦတျငး the image of 2
ဟုေမ့လာပါက f ( 2 ) ကိုေမ့်ခငး့်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး။
the image of 1 = f ( 1 ) = 2
the image of 2 = f ( 2 ) = 4
the image of 3 = f ( 3 ) = 6

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
the image of x = f ( x ) = y
အထကးပါ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့အာ့ Arrow Diagram ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ငး
1 f ( 1 ) or 2
2 f ( 2 ) or 4
3 f ( 3 ) or 6
x f ( x ) or y
ဟု ေဖား်ပႏိုငးမညး ်ဖစးသညး။ အထကးပါေဖား်ပခ္ကးမြတစးဆငးံ 1 သညး domain ထဲရြိေသားလညး့ f ( 1 ) သညး

Codomain ထဲတျငး ရိြသညးံ သေဘာေလ့ကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး။
Codomain ထဲတျငး ရြိသညး f( x )

Domain ထဲတျငး ရြိသညး
 2 သညး domain ထဲရြိေသားလညး့ f ( 2 ) သညး Codomain ထဲတျငး ရိြသညး။

 3 သညး domain ထဲရြိေသားလညး့ f ( 3 ) သညး Codomain ထဲတျငး ရိြသညး။
 x သညး domain ထဲရြိေသားလညး့ f ( x ) သညး Codomain ထဲတျငး ရိြသညး။
တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ f ( 1 ) ဆိုေသာပုဵစဵေလ့တျငး ကျငး့ထဲရြိ 1 ေလ့မြာ element ေလ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ f ( 1 ) မြာ image
ေလ့်ဖစးသညးကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရနး အလျနးအေရ့ၾကီ့ပါသညး။
f ( x ) = y  f ( element ) = image
where x ∈ domain and f ( x ) ∈ codomain.

ထို႔ေၾကာငးံအထကးတျငးေဖား်ပခဲံေသာ အခ္ကးအာ့လုဵ့ကို်ပနးစုစညး့သညးံအခါ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးတစးခုအာ့
ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
1. the image of x under function f is y
2. f ( x ) = y  f of x is y
3. f : x ↦ y  f map x to y
ပုဵစဵသုဵ့မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံေရ့ႏိုငး်ပီ့ မညးသညးံပုဵစဵ်ဖငးေရ့ေရ့အတူတူပငး်ဖစးသလို ပုဵစဵတစးမ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေရ့ထာ့်ခငး့အာ့ အ်ခာ့ပုဵစဵ
တစးမ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေ်ပာငး့ေရ့တတးရမညး ်ဖစးသညး။
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ဖနးရ ြင းတစးခ ု၏ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစ ဵ( သို႔ ) ေဖား်မဴလာအာ့ထုတးယူ်ခငး့
( formula drivation of a function )
ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ ( သို႔ ) ေဖား်မဴလာဆိုသညးမြာ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးသညးေပ့ထာ့ေသာအစု ႏြစးခု
( Domain ႏြငးံ Codomain ) အာ့ မညးသညးံနညး့လမး့်ဖငးဆကး
ံ သျယးထာ့သညးကေဖား
ို ်ပေပ့ေသာေဖား်ပခ္ကး
( Description ) တစးခု်ဖစးသညး။
ဖနးရြငးဆိုငးရာပုစာၦမ္ာ့ကို
( 1 ) ေဖား်မဴလာေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ သကးဆိုငးရာ element ( သို႔ ) image တစးခုခု ရြာခိုငး့ သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့ႏြငးံ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 2 ) element ႏြငးံ image အတျဲမ္ာ့ ေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ formula ရြာခိုငး့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ဟူ၍ ချဲ်ခာ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ ေဖား်မဴလာကို ရြာယူပုဵ ရြာယူနညး့မြာ

1. ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ image တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအာ့ သကးဆိုငးရာ element တစးခုခ္ငး့စီပါွငးသညးံ ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့
2. အဆိုပါပုဵစဵတျငး ကိနး့ေသမ္ာ့အာ့ နဂိုအတိုငး့ထာ့်ပီ့ ကိနး့ရြငးမ္ာ့ေနရာတျငး ထာ့လိုရာ
မသိကိနး့ကိုထာ့ပါ။
ဥပမာ အစု A = { 1 , 2 , 3 } ႏြငးံ B = { 3 , 5 , 7 } ႏြငးံ f ( 1 ) = 3 , f ( 2 ) = 5 , f ( 3 ) = 7
ေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ ေဖား်မဴလာရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦတျငး
f(1)=3=2(1)+1
f(2)=5=2(2)+1
f(3)=7=2(3)+1
ဟုအရငးဆုဵ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့တျငး ေနာကးတနးဖို့အာ့ ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ပါသညးံပုဵစဵ ေ်ပာငး့ပါ။ ်ပီ့လ္ြငး
ထာ့လိုရာ မသိကိနး့ အစာ့သျငး့ပါ။ထို႔ေၾကာငးံေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငး၏ ေဖား်မဴလာမြာ
f ( k ) = 2k + 1 ( or ) f ( a ) = 2a + 1 ( or ) f ( x ) = 2x + 1
ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ေဖား်မဴလာထုတးယူ်ခငး့သညး အခနး့ ( 5 ) ကိနး့စဥးမ္ာ့၏ ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵထုတးယူ်ခငး့အတျကး အလျနး
အေရ့ပါေသာသေဘာတရာ့တစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ဤသေဘာတရာ့ကို ေက္ညကးကၽျမး့က္ငးစျာ တျကးခ္ကးႏိုငးေစရနး
ေလံက္ငးံထာ့သငးံပါသညး။ ေအာကးတျငး ဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့အမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့အေၾကာငး့ကို ဆကး်ပီ့ေလံလာၾကညးံရေအာငး။
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Some types of function
( 1 ) Linear function မ္ာ့ ( သို႕ ) တစးထပး၊ ကိနး့ေသ function မ္ာ့
x တစးထပး ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ (သိ)ု႔ f( x ) = ax + b ပုဵစဵရြိေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့
( a ႏြငးံ b သညး constant မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။ )
f ( x ) = 2x + 4 , f ( x ) = – x + 4 , f ( x ) = 3x 7 (3,7)
အထကးပါဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ကို သကးဆိုငးရာဂရပးမ္ာ့ဆျဲၾကညးံပါက y = 2x +1
6
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ မ္ဥး့မ္ာ့သညး မ္ဥး့
5 (2,5)
ေ်ဖာငးံမ္ာ့်ဖစးေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့အာ့
4
လုဵ့ကို Linear function မ္ာ့ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။
3 (1,3)
ဥပမာ - y = f ( x ) = 2x + 1 ဆိုေသာ ဖနးရြငးေလ့တျငး
2
x=0 y = f ( 0 ) = 2( 0 ) + 1 = 1  ( x , y ) = ( 0 , 1 )
1 (0,1)
x=1 y = f ( 1 ) = 2( 1 ) + 1 = 3  ( x , y ) = ( 1 , 3 )
x=2 y = f ( 2 ) = 2( 2 ) + 1 = 5  ( x , y ) = ( 2 , 5 )
x=3 y = f ( 3 ) = 2( 3 ) + 1 = 7  ( x , y ) = ( 3 , 7 ) 0 1 2 3 4
၁ငး့ကို ဂရပးဆျဲၾကညးံလ္ြငး တစးဖကးပါပုဵေလ့အတိုငး့ ရလာမညး။
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( 2 ) Quadratic function မ္ာ့ ( သို႕ ) ႏြစးထပး၊ တစးထပး၊ ကိနး့ေသfunction မ္ာ့
x ႏြစးထပး ပုဵစဵရြိေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့
Quadratic function ေလ့မ္ဳိ့
( 1 ) f ( x ) = ax2+ bx + c  3x2+ 5x – 2 , 7 + x – 2x2
( 2 ) f ( x ) = ax2+ bx  4x2+ 5x , x – 2x2
( 3 ) f ( x ) = ax2+ c  2x2– 3 , 5 – 11x2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏 Y
( 4 ) f ( x ) = ax2  7x2 , – kx2, 0.25x2 , x2
𝟑
( ဤတျငး a , b ႏြငးံ c တို႔သညး constant မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။ )
ဥပမာ - y = f ( x ) = x 2
4 y = x2
x=0,y=f(0)=02= 0(x,y)=(0,0)
3
x=1,y=f(1)=12= 1(x,y)=(1,1)
2 Parabola
x=2,y=f(2)=22= 4(x,y)=(2,4) ပုဵ
1
x = –1 , y = f (–1 ) = (–1 ) 2 = 1  ( x , y ) = (–1 , 1 )
X
x = –2 , y = f (–2 ) = (–2 ) 2 = 4  ( x , y ) = (–2 , 4 ) –2 –1 0 1 2
Quadratic function မ္ာ့ကို ဂရပးဆျဲလ္ြငး Parabola ပုဵ ( ပေစာကးပုဵ / ဂငယးပုဵ ) ရသညး။

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( 3 ) Cubic function မ္ာ့
x သုဵ့ထပး ပုဵစဵရြိေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့
f ( x ) = 3x3–2x2+ 5x – 2 , g ( x ) = 4x3+ 5x , h ( x ) = x3+ 2  ( Cubic function )
f ( x ) = 2x2+ 3x + 1  ( Cubic function မဟုတး Quadratic function သာ်ဖစးသညး။)
f ( x ) = 2x – 3  ( Cubic function မဟုတး Linear function သာ်ဖစးသညး။)
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( 4 ) Identity function မ္ာ့ ( ထပးတူရ function မ္ာ့ )
Element တနးဖို့ ( x ) ႏြငးံ Image တနးဖို့ ( y ) တစးထပးတညး့က္ေနေသာ function မ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - y = f ( x ) = x
Identity function မ္ာ့ကို f ( x ) အစာ့ Identity ၏ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ စာလုဵ့ I အာ့ယူ်ပီ့ I ( x ) ဟုလညး့ ေရ့ေလံ
ိ ါသညး။ *** Identity function = f ( x ) = x ( or ) I ( x ) = x
ရြပ
ပုစာၦတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး Identity function ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေပ့လာပါက ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးအာ့ x
ႏြငးံညီေပ့ပါ။ The function f is a identity function  f ( x ) = x
Identity function မ္ာ့သညး linear function မ္ာ့ပငး ်ဖစးသညး။

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( 5 ) Constant function မ္ာ့ ( တနးဖို့ေသfunction မ္ာ့ )
f ( x ) တနးဖို့ “ကိနး့ေသ” ်ဖစးေနသညးံ function မ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - f ( x ) = 3 , f ( x ) = log 30 , f ( x ) = ln 2 , f ( x ) = k where k is constant , f ( x ) = 
Constant function မ္ာ့သညးလညး့ linear function မ္ာ့ပငး ်ဖစးသညး။
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( 6 ) Polynomial function မ္ာ့
f ( x ) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3+ ex4+ ……… ပုဵစဵရြိေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ ( သို႔ )
Linear function မ္ာ့ Quadratic function မ္ာ့ Constant function မ္ာ့ Identity
function မ္ာ့ အာ့လုဵ့သညး Polynomial function မ္ာ့ပငး်ဖစးၾကသညး။
 Polynomial function မ္ာ့မြာ x တနးဖို့သညး အေ်ခ ( base ) တျငးရြိေသာ function မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Polynomial function မ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့အတျကး Range ေရ့ရမညးံပုဵစဵမြာ { x / x ∈ R } ်ဖစးသညး။

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( 7 ) Exponential function မ္ာ့ ( ထပးကိနး့function မ္ာ့ )
x တနးဖို့ ထပးညႊနး့တျငး ရြိေနေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့

x x+1 x
ဥပမာ - f(x)=2 , f(x)=(–7) , f(x)=x
Exponential function မ္ာ့အတျကးလညး့ Range ေရ့ရမညးံပုဵစဵမြာ { x / x ∈ R } ်ဖစးသညး။

( 8 ) Rational function မ္ာ့ ( အပိုငး့ကိနး့ပုဵစfunction
ဵ မ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) ပိုငး့ေ်ခ x ပုဵစဵ function မ္ာ့ )
x တနးဖို့ ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး ရြိေနေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့
Rational function
𝟏 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝟑
f(x)= , f(x)= + 3 , f(x)= , f(x)= 𝟐
( Rational functions )
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙 +𝟑𝒙−𝟐
𝒙−𝟓
f(x)= ( Rational မဟုတး / linear function သာ်ဖစးသညး။ )
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 𝟏
f(x)= + ( Rational မဟုတး / Quadratic function သာ်ဖစးသညး။ )
𝟑 𝟐
Rational function မ္ာ့တျငး ပိုငး့ေ်ခသုည မ်ဖစးရပါ။ ထိုမ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ကို ဖနးရြငးေဖား်မဴလာေဘ့တျငး
𝒙+𝟑
ကပးေရ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။ ဥပမာ - f ( x ) = ,x≠1
𝒙−𝟏
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( 9 ) Radical function မ္ာ့ ( ထပးကိနး့ရငး့ ပုဵစဵ function မ္ာ့ )
x ကို root တငးထာ့ေသာ function မ္ာ့
𝟏 𝟑
f( x ) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 , g( x ) = , h( x ) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 , t( x ) = 𝟐 − 𝟑 ( Radical function )
𝒙
f(x)= 𝟐 x ( Radical မဟုတး / Polynomial function သာ်ဖစးသညး။ )

𝟒 𝟔
Radical function မ္ာ့ကို ( 1 ) စုဵထပးကိနး့ရငး့ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ ( 𝟐𝒙 , 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 , 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 , ……. ) ႏြငးံ
𝟑 𝟓
( 2 ) မထပးကိနး့ရငး့ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ ( 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 , 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 , ……. ) ဟု
ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ချဲႏီုငးပါသညး။
မထပးကိနး့ရငး့ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့တျငး root ေအာကးရြိတနးဖို့သညး အေပါငး့ေရာ၊အႏႈတးေရာ၊သုညေရာ အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးချငးံရြိ
ေသားလညး့ စုဵထပးကိနး့ရငး့ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့တျငး root ေအာကးရြိတနးဖို့သညး အႏႈတးတနးဖို့မ္ာ့မ်ဖစးရပါ။ root
ေအာကးတျငး သုည်ဖစးရငး်ဖစး သုညထကးၾကီ့ေသာတနးဖို့်ဖစးရငး်ဖစး တစးခုခု်ဖစးရပါမညး။ ထိုမ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ကို
ဖနးရြငးေဖား်မဴလာေဘ့တျငး ကပးေရ့ေပ့ ရပါမညး။
ဥပမာ - f(x)= 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 , ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး စုဵထပးကိနး့ရငး့ဖနးရြငး်ဖစးသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
𝟑 𝟑
2x – 3  0 , 2x  3 , x   f(x)= 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 , x 
𝟐 𝟐
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( 10 ) Logarithemic function မ္ာ့
x တနးဖို့ log ထဲတျငးေရာကးေနသညးံ function မ္ာ့

f ( x ) = log ( x + 1 ) , f ( x ) = log x + 1 ( Logarithemic function )
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( x ) = log 2x ( Logarithemic function )
f ( x ) = ( log 2 ) x ( not Logarithemic function / linear function )
log တနးဖို့ရြာလိုသညးံကိနး့သညး အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ ။ သုညမ်ဖစးရ ။ သုညထကးၾကီ့ရမညး။
𝟏
( i )f ( x ) = log x , x > 0 ( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( 2x + 1 ) , x > –
𝟐
log 0  R , log (– a )  R , log 1 = 0
( 11 ) Modulus function မ္ာ့ ( ပကတိတနးဖို့ function မ္ာ့ )

Image တနးဖို့အာ့ အေပါငး့သာယူေပ့ရမညးံ function မ္ာ့  f ( x ) = l x l
l l  modulus operator
Modulus operatorသညး ၁ငးထွ ဲ ငးလာေသာ element ကအေပါငး့်ဖစးေစ၊အႏႈတး်ဖစးေစ အေပါငး့တနးဖို့ေဆာငး
image မ္ာ့ကိုသာ ထုတးေပ့ေသာ operator တစးခု်ဖစးသညး။ ဥပမာ -
x = 3  y = f ( 3 ) = l 3 l = 3 , x = – 3  y = f (–3 ) = l –3 l = 3
x
… 𝒙 +y
–x
Modulus operatorသညး ၁ငးထွဲ ငးလာေသာအေပါငး့၊အႏႈတးတနးဖို့အာ့လုဵ့ကို အေပါငး့တနးဖို့ခ္ညးံ ေ်ပာငး့ပစး

ေသာေၾကာငးံ အကယး၍ operator ထဲရြိ တနးဖို့တစးခုသညး Modulus operator ်ဖဳတးပစးမညးဆိုပါက ၁ငး့၏
်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာတနးဖို့မြာ အေပါငး့၊အႏႈတး ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ ရြိပါသညး။
If 𝒙 , then x = + x or x = – x .
Modulus operator အစာ့ဖလြယးသုဵ့ႏိုငးေသာ အ်ခာ့သေဘာတရာ့တစးခုရြိပါေသ့သညး။ ၁ငး့မြာ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
element တနးဖို့ အေပါငး့ဆိုပါက ထျကးလာေသာ image အာ့ အေပါငး့လကၡဏာတပးေပ့်ခငး့ ႏြငးံ element
တနးဖို့ အႏႈတးဆိုပါက ထျကးလာေသာ image အာ့ အႏႈတးလကၡဏာတပးေပ့်ခငး့ပဲ ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ေအာကးပါ ဥပမာ
ေလ့အာ့ ေလံလာၾကညးံပါ။
f ( x ) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
f(2)= 𝟒−𝟏 = 𝟑 =3
f (– 2 ) = −𝟒 − 𝟏 = −𝟓 = 5
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးသညး Modulus function ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ၁ငး့ကို Modulus operator အစာ့ အေပၚတျငး ေရ့်ပခဲံ
သညးံအတိုငး့ ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုပါက
f ( x ) = + ( 2x – 1 ) , if x = + ( or ) x > 0 + ( 2x – 1 ) , if x = + ( or ) x > 0
or f ( x ) =
f ( x ) =– ( 2x – 1 ) , if x = – ( or ) x < 0 – ( 2x – 1 ) , if x = – ( or ) x < 0
x=2>0 f ( 2 ) = + ( 4 – 1 ) = + 3 = 3
x=–2<0 f (–2 ) =– (– 4 – 1 ) = –( – 5 ) = + 5
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ Modulus operator ႏြငးံ အေပါငး့အႏႈတး မ္ာ့အၾကာ့ မညးကဲံသို႔ ဖလြယးသုဵ့စျဲရမညးကို အထကးပါ
ဥပမာေလ့ၾကညးံလ္ြငး နာ့လညးမညးထငးပါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 11 ) Step function မ္ာ့ ( ၾကာ့ပိုငး့ အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ function မ္ာ့ )
ၾကာ့ပိုငး့အလိုကး တနးဖို့သတးမြတးထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့
သီ့်ခာ့ပုဵစဵ ေပါငး့စပးပုဵစဵ
f ( x ) = 6 for –1x<0 6 for –1x<0

f ( x ) = 11 for 0x<1 f(x)= 11 for 0x<1
f ( x ) = 5 for 1x<2 5 for 1x<2
အထကးပါဖနးရြငးအာ့လုဵ့အာ့ ပုစာၦတျငး
1. Domain , Codomain တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ ကနး႔သတးရြိအစုမ္ာ့အ်ဖစးေပ့ထာ့ပါက ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
အစုတနးဖို့ မ္ာ့အာ့ ခ္ေရ့ေပ့်ပီ့ Range တနးဖို့အာ့ Domain ( ကနး႔သတးရြိအစု ) အလိုကး ရလာသညးံ
ကနး႔သတးရြိအစုတစးခုအ်ဖစး ေရ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။
2. အကယး၍ Domain / Codomain တို႔၏ အစုတနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့မေပ့ထာ့ပါက
( f : R  R ဟုသာ ေပ့ထာ့ပါက )
Domain = R , Codomain = R
Range = { y = f ( x ) / y Є R , y ၏ ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့ }
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့အတိုငး့ ေရ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။
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ဖနးရ ြင းအ လိုကး Domain, Codomain ႏြငးံ Range တနးဖ ို့မ္ာ့
Polynomial function
Range အတျကး
Type of function D C Range ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့
Linear function
R R {y=f(x)/yЄR } မရြိ
f ( x ) = ax + b
Quadratic function သကးဆိုငးရာဖနးရြငးအလိုကး
R R
f ( x ) = ax2 + bx + c ရြာေပ့ရမညး။
Identity function
R R {y=f(x)/yЄR } မရြိ
f(x)=x
Constant function
R R {y=f(x) /y=k } မရြိ
f(x)=k
Exponential function
D C Range ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့
x
f ( x ) = x ဆိုလ္ြငး
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
{x/xЄR,x>0} R {y=f(x)/yЄR,y>( )𝒆 } y>( )𝒆
𝒆 𝒆
f ( x ) = ax , a  0 and a =constant ဆိုလ္ြငး
R {y=f(x)/yЄR,y0 } y0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Rational function
D C Range Range အတျကး

ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့
သကးဆိုငးရာဖနးရြငး သကးဆိုငးရာဖနးရြငး
R \ { ပိုငး့ေ်ခ 0 ်ဖစးေစေသာ x တနးဖို့ } R
အလိုကး တျကးယူရမညး။ အလိုကး တျကးယူရမညး။
Radical function

ကနး႔သတးတနးဖ ို့
{ x / xЄR , x  root တနးဖို့ 0 ်ဖစးသညးံကိနး့ } R {y=f(x)/y≥0} y≥0
Logarithmic function

{ x / x x Є R , x > log တနးဖို့ 0 ၾကီ့ေစမညးံ ကိနး့ } R R မရြိ
Modulus function

R R { y=f(x)/yЄR,y ≥ 0} y ≥ 0
Step function

ၾကာ့ပိုငး့အလိုကးကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့ R ၾကာ့ပိုငး့အလိုကး y
တနးဖို့
အထကးပါ Domain , Codomain ႏြငးံ Range တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး Domain ႏြငးံ Codomain တနးဖို့
ေပ့မထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့အတျကးအၾကမး့ဖ္ငး့ေဖား်ပထာ့်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး။ အေ်ခခဵပညာအထကးတနး့အဆငးံတျငး
Range တနးဖို့မြာ ေမ့ခဲပါသညး။ Codomain တနးဖို့မြာလညး့ မ္ာ့ေသာအာ့်ဖငးံ Real Number
အစု်ဖစးသညးသာမ္ာ့ပါသညး။ အထကးပါအစုသုဵ့ခုအနကး အဓိကအက္ဆုဵ့မြာ Domain အစု်ဖစး်ပီ့ ဖနးရြငးတစးခု
တျငး မ်ဖစးမေနထညးံေရ့ေပ့ရမညးံ ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့မြာလညး့ Domain အစု၏ ကနး႔သတးတနးဖို့ပငး ်ဖစးေသာ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ေၾကာငးံ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ေအာကးတျငး Domain ႏြငးံ Range မ္ာ့အာ့ Set Builder form ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပနညး့ အတျကး
ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵအာ့ ေရ့ေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး။
Domain of function f = { x / x Є R , x ≠ x မ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ }
Range of function f = { y = f ( x ) / y Є R , y ≠ y မ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ }
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Student Note
Single functin
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးေအာကးတျငး
the image of x ေမ့ပါက  f ( x ) ကိုေမ့်ခငး့်ဖစး

the image of a ေမ့ပါက  f ( a )
the image of 3 ေမ့ပါက  f ( 3 ) စသညး်ဖငးံ ရြာေပ့ရမညး။
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Domain & Codomain ေရ့နညး့
1. f : A  B ဟုေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့
 Domain ကိုေမ့ပါက  Domain = A
 Codomain ကိုေမ့ပါက  Codomain = B ဟု ေရ့ပါ
2. f : R  R ဟုေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့
 Domain ကိုေမ့ပါက  Domain = R
 Codomain ကိုေမ့ပါက  Codomain = R ဟု ေရ့ပါ
3. ပုစာၦတျငး ဖနးရြငး၏ ေဖား်မဴလာသာေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ f : A  B / f : R  R စသညးံ ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့မေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး
 Domain ကိုေမ့ပါက  Domain = R
 Codomain ကိုေမ့ပါက  Codomain = R ဟု ယူေပ့ရမညး
Range ေရ့နညး့
( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးသညး
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝒂𝒙
( i ) Linear function ( ဥပမာ - f( x ) = 3x + 2 / f( x ) = / f( x ) = + 3 စသညး်ဖငးံ )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙+𝟓
( ii ) Quadratic function ( ဥပမာ - f( x ) = 3x2 + 2x + 3 / f( x ) = စသညး်ဖငးံ )
𝟐
( iii ) Identity function ( ဥပမာ - f ( x ) = x ) စသညးံ ရို့ရို့ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ဆိုပါက
( တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး x မပါေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ဆိုပါက )
Range = { f ( x ) / x Є R }
( 2 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးသညး Rational function ( ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး x ပါေနေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ဆိုပါက

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
( ဥပမာ - f ( x ) = / f(x)= / f(x)= စသညး်ဖငးံ ) ်ဖစးေနပါက ပိုငးေ်ခ 0
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
မ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ ေလ့အာ့ ထညးံေရ့ေပ့။ )
𝟏
ဥပမာ f ( x ) = ဆိုလ္ြငး
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
2x + 3 ≠ 0
2x ≠ – 3
−𝟑
x≠
𝟐
𝒂
Range = { f ( x ) / x Є R , x ≠ }
𝒃
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Domain , Codomain , Range ေမ့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Write down the domain and the range of the function such that
f:1↦3
f:2↦5
f:3↦7
Choose a codomain for this function.
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအတျကး domain ႏြငးံ range တို႔အာ့ခ္ေရပါ။ သငးံေလ္ားရာ codomain တစးခုကိုလညး့
ေရ့ေပ့ပါ ) domain = elements မ္ာ့အစု / range = images မ္ာ့အစု
Arrow Diagram Mapping Description Arrow Diagram ႏြငးံ Mapping

Description ၾကာ့ ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကး ကို
f : 1 ↦ 3
တစးဖကးပါ ပုဵေလ့ ႏြစးခုကို ၾကညးံလ္ြငး
1 f : 2 ↦ 5
ေတျ႕ႏိုငးပါသညး။
1 3 f : 3 ↦ 7
Arrow Diagram တစးခုတျငး ဖနးရြငး
2 5 တစးခု၏ domain ေရာ codomain
3 7 elements images ေရာ range ေရာ သုဵ့ခုလုဵ့်မငးႏိုငးေသား
9 လညး့ Mapping Description တစး
domain range ခုေအာကးတျငးမူ domain ႏြငးံ range
ကိုသာ ေတျ႕ရပါမညး။
Solution
Domain of the function f = { 1 , 2 , 3 } elements မ္ာ့အစု
Range of the function f = { 3 , 5 , 7 } images မ္ာ့အစု
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအတျကး domain ႏြငးံ range တို႔သာတိတိက္က္ ေဖား်ပေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ ၁ငး့သညး မညးသညးံ

အစုမြ မညးသညးံ အစုသို႔ဆကးသျယးထာ့သညးံ ဖနးရြငး်ဖစးသညးဟု တိတိက္က္ မေဖား်ပေပ့ထာ့ပါ၊ ဥပမာအာ့်ဖငးံ
f : A  R ဆိုလ္ြငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငး၏ codomain မြာ R ်ဖစးပါသညး။ f : A  B ဆိုလ္ြငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
ဖနးရြငး၏ codomain မြာ B ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအတျကး codomain အာ့ ေဖား်ပ
ရမညး ဆိုလ္ြငး အေ်ခအေန သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငးပါသညး။ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
let the Domain of the function f = A
အေ်ခအေန ( 1 ) အကယး၍ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး Onto function ်ဖစးေနပါက ၁ငး့၏ Codomain မြာ
If function f is onto , Codomain of the function f = { 3 , 5 , 7 }

အေ်ခအေန ( 2 ) အကယး၍ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး f : A  R ဆိုပါက ၁ငး့၏ Codomain မြာ
If function f is f : A  R , Codomain of the function f = R

အေ်ခအေန ( 3 ) အကယး၍ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး f : A  R ဆိုပါက ၁ငး့၏ Codomain မြာ
If function f is not only onto but also f : A  R , Codomain of the function f = { 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 }

or { 1 , 3, 5, 7 } or { 0 , 1, 2, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 } or …………..
( Range အစုထဲ မပါသညံး ၾကိဳကးရာတနးဖို့တစးခုထညးံယူ။ )
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2. The domain is A = { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } and the function f is given by f : x ↦ x + 1 wherever
x ∈ A . Find the range. Illustarete f by means of a graph.
Solution Graph of function f
Domain = A = { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } ,
x ∈ A = domain . x + 1 ∈ codomain Y
f:x↦x+1 ( 4,5 )
5
f:0↦0+1=1 , f:1↦1+1=2 ( 3,4 )
f:2↦2+1=3 , f:3↦3+1=4 4
( 2,3 )
f:4↦4+1=5 3
The range = { 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 } ( 1,2 )
2
1
X
0 1 2 3 4
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3. Let the domain of the function f : x ↦ 3x be the set of natural numbers less than 5.
( i ) List the elements of the domain. ( ii ) List the elements of the range.
Solution
Domain = the set of natural numbers less than 5 ( in words )
Domain = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } ( by listing )
f : x ↦ 3x x ∈ domain , x + 1 ∈ codomain, ( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး linear function ်ဖစးသညး။ )
f : 1 ↦ 3 , f : 2 ↦ 6 , f : 3 ↦ 9 , f : 4 ↦ 12
Range = { 3 , 6, 9, 12 } ( by listing )
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4. Let the domain of the function h : x ↦ 0 be { 2 ,4 ,6 ,7 }. What is the range of the range?
Draw an arrow diagram for h.
Solution
domain = { 2 ,4 ,6 ,7 }.
h:x↦0  ( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး constant function ်ဖစးသညး။ )
h:2↦0 , h:4↦0 , h:6↦0 , h:7↦0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Range = { 0 }
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညးလညး့ f : A  R , f : A  B စသညး်ဖငးံ codomain ကို တိတိက္က္
မေဖား်ပထာ့သ်ဖငးံ arrow diagram ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး ေအာကးပါအေ်ခအေနသုဵ့မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငး်ပီ့ ၾကဳိကး
ႏြစးသကးရာတစးပုဵပုဵအာ့ ေဖား်ပႏိုငးပါသညး။ )
If f is onto function If f is f : A  R If f is not only onto but also f : A  R
….
2 2 2
4 4 –1 4
0 0 0
6 6 6
7 7 1 7 1
…..
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5. Find the range of the function g : x ↦ x2 with the domain { – 3 , –2 , –1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 }
Solution
Domain = { –3 , –2 , –1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3
g : x ↦ x2
g : ( –3 ) ↦ ( –3 )2 = 9 , g : ( –2 ) ↦ ( –2 )2 = 4 , g : ( –1 ) ↦ ( –1 )2 = 1
g : 0 ↦ 02 = 0
g : 1 ↦ 12 = 1 , g : 2 ↦ 22 = 4 , g : 3 ↦ 32 = 9
Range = { 0 , 1 , 4 , 9 }  ( တူေသာအစုွငးမ္ာ့ တစးၾကိမးသာယူ )
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Eg. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = x2 + x +3 for every x ∈ R . Find the image
of 2 and – 3 .
Let the function f : R  R  ( ေပ့ခ္ကး - ှ )
be given by f ( x ) = x2 + x +3  ( ေပ့ခ္ကး - ဿ )
for every x 𝝐 R .  ( ေပ့ခ္ကး - ၀ )
Find the image of 2 and – 3 .  ( ေမ့ခ္ကး )
ေပ့ခ္ကး - ှ
f : Domain  Codomain အရ f : R  R တျငး ေရြ႕ R သညး Domain - R - ေနာကး R သညး

Codomain-R ဆိုတာသိရမညး။ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ f : R1  R2 , where R1 = R2 = R ဟု စိတးထဲတျငး
မြတးထာ့ႏိုငးသညး။ ေပ့ခ္ကး - ှ သညး သိထာ့ ရမညးံ အခ္ကးသာ်ဖစးသညး။ ပုစာၦအတျကး အေရ့မၾကီ့လြပါ။
ေပ့ခ္ကး - ၀
f ( x ) 𝝐 Codomain , x 𝝐 Domain အရ x သညး ေရြ႕ R ( R1 ) ထဲရြိ element ႏြငးံ f ( x ) သညး ေနာကး R
( R2 ) ထဲရြိ element ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ x ∈ R ရြိ R သညး ေရြ႕ R ( R1 ) ကိုရညးညႊနး့ေၾကာငး့သိရမညး။
ေပ့ခ္ကး - ှ သညးလညး့ ပုစာၦအတျကး အေရ့မၾကီ့လြပါ။
ေပ့ခ္ကး - ဿ
ပုစာၦ၏ အဓိက ေပ့ခ္ကး်ဖစးသညး။ ပုစာၦတျငး ေပ့ခ္ကး - ှ ႏြငးံ ၀ ကို ခ္မေရ့လ္ြငး်ဖစးေသားလညး့ ေပ့ခ္ကး - ဿ ကိုမူ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
မ်ဖစးမေန ခ္ေရ့ေပ့ ရမညး။
ေမ့ခ္ကး
the image of = f ( ) ပုဵစအဵ ရ the image of 2 သညး f ( 2 ) ကိုေမ့ေၾကာငး့ သိရမညး။
the image of 2 and the image of – 3 ကို the image of 2 and – 3 အ်ဖစးတူရာ်မြဳတးေရ့သညးံ ွါက္
ပုဵစဵအရ the image of 2 and – 3 သညး the image of 2 and the image of –3 = f ( 2 ),f (–3 ) ကို
ေမ့်ခငး့်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ သိရမညး။
Solution
f:RR
f ( x ) = x2 + x +3 , x 𝝐 R .
the image of 2 = f ( 2 ) = ( 2 )2 + ( 2 ) + 3 = 4 + 5 = 9
ပုစာၦရြိတနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ အစာ့သျငး့ရာတျငး ( အႏႈတးတနးဖို့ မ္ာ့ပါလာပါက အႏႈတးကို ထညးံမစဥး့စာမိသညးံ အမြာ့မ္ဳိ့
မ်ဖစးေစရနး ) အစာ့သျငး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အာ့ ကျငး့ခတးတျကးခ္ကးသညးံ အေလံအက္ငးံေလ့လုပးေပ့ပါ။
the image of 2 = f ( – 3 ) = (– 3 )2 + (– 3 ) + 3 = 9 + 0 = 9
အေ်ဖ ်ပနးစစး်ခငး့ - ရလာေသာ image အာ့ x2 + x +3 ႏြငးံ ညီေပ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ element တနးဖို့်ပနးရ မရ ်ပနးစစး
ႏိုငးပါသညး။
x2 + x +3 = 9  x2 + x – 6 = 0
( x – 2 )( x + 3 ) = 0
x = 2 or x = – 3 ရလာေသာအေ်ဖ မြနးပါသညး။
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ဖနးရြငးတစးခုေအာကးတျငး Domain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုအတျကး Codomain ထဲရြိ image
တနးဖို့ကိုသိလို သညးံအခါ
( ဥပမာ ဖနးရြငး f ေအာကးတျငး 2 ၏ တနးဖို့ကို သိလို ပါက ) ေမ့ႏိုငးသညးံ ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့မြာ
1. What is the image of 2?
2. What is the image of 2 under the function f ?
3. Find the image of 2.
4. Find the image of 2 under the function f .
5. Find f ( 2 ). စသညးံပုဵစဵမ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။
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Eg( 2 ) Let the function g : R  R be given by g ( x ) = 3x2 for every x ∈ R . Find ( a ) the
image of 2 under g. ( b ) the value of g (– 1 ) ( c ) the value of a ∈ R such that g ( a ) = –1
( d )the value of a ∈ R such that g ( a ) = 3
the image of 2 under g= g ( 2 ) ,the image of 3 under f = f ( 3 )
the image of k under h = h ( k ) , the image of x under f = f ( x )
the image of …… under f = f ( ….. )
Solution
g ( x ) = 3x2
( a ) the image of 2 under g= g ( 2 ) = 3( 2 )2 = 12

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( b ) g (– 1 ) = = 3(–1 )2 = 3
( c ) g ( a ) = –1 , a ∈ R (d)g(a)=3 ,a∈R
3a2 = –1 3a2 = 3
𝟏 a2 = 1
a2 = –
𝟑 a = 1
𝟏
a =  𝟑 R , there is no solution
စုဵထပးကိနး့ရငး့ေအာကးတျငး အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ - ်ဖစးလ္ြငး Real Numbers ထဲမပါ။  R ဟု ေရ့ေပ့ရမညး။
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်ဖညးံစျကးပုစာၦမ္ာ့( ဤပုစာၦမ္ာ့မြာ စာသငးခ္ိနး်ပငးပတျငး ်ပနးေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံရနး ေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့သာ ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
1. Find the image of 2 , 3 , 0 , a , d , t , k + 1 , p – 1 , x + 1 , 2x – 3 for the function f ( x ) = x + 1.
Solution
f(x)=x+1
f(2)=2+1=3, f(3)=3+1=4, f(0)=0+1=1 , f(a)=a+1,f(d)=d+1,
f(t)=t+1,f(k+1)=k+1+1=k+2, f(p–1)=p–1+1=p,
f ( x + 1 ) = x + 1 + 1 = x + 2 , f ( 2x – 3 ) = 2x – 3 + 1 = 2x – 2
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𝟏
2.Find the image of 3 , – 1 , , a , b , c , d , d , e , x – 1 , 5x – 7 , for the function f ( x ) = 2x.
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐
3. Find the image of 5 , – 7 , , e , q , p , s , 2k – 1 , 3p – q , x – 1 , 5x – 7 , for the function
𝟑
f ( x ) = 2x – 3.
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Exercise ( 1. 3 )
1. Let the function f : R  R be given by ( a ) f( x ) = x + 3. Find f( 1 ) , f( 2 ) , f(–3 ) , f( 0 ) ,
𝟏 𝟏
f ( ). ( b ) f ( x ) = 3–4x . Find f( 1 ) f( 3 ) , f(–2 ) , f ( ). ( c ) f ( x ) = x2+ 1.Find f( 2 ) ,f(–1 ) ,
𝟑 𝟐
f ( 4 ) , f(– 3 ). ( d ) Find a ∈ R such that f ( a ) = 50 in ( a ) , ( b ) and ( c ).
ပုစာၦနဵပါတးမ္ာ့ ေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။
( a ) , ( b ) , ( c ) သုဵ့ပုဒးအာ့တျကးမ်ပေတာံပါ။ နဵပါတး ( d ) ကိုသာ အေ်ဖ်ပနးတိုကးတတးရနး တျကး်ပပါမညး။

(d) 𝟒𝟕
for ( a ) , f ( x ) = x + 3 for ( b ) , f ( x ) = 3 – 4x Rechack - if a = – ,
f ( a ) = 50 f ( a ) = 50 𝟒
𝟒𝟕
a + 3 = 50 3 – 4a = 50 f( a ) = f (– )
𝟒
a = 50 – 3 = 47 – 4a = 50 – 3 𝟒𝟕
Rechack – if a = 47 , – 4a = 47 = 3 – 4(– )
𝟒𝟕 𝟒
f ( a ) = f ( 47 ) = 3+ 47 = 50
a=–
= 47 + 3 = 50 𝟒
( အပိုငး့ကိနး့တစးခု၏ ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး အႏႈတးလကၡဏာ ေရ့ချငးံမရြိပါ။ အကယး၍ ်ဖစးေနပါက အပိုငး့ကိနး့တစးခုလုဵ့၏ ေရြ႕ ( သို႔ )
ပိုငး့ေွသို႔ ထိုအႏႈတးအာ့ ေရႊ႕ေပ့ပါ။ )
Similarly , for ( c ) a =  7
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
2. Let the function g : R  R be given by ( a ) g ( x ) = 2x – 5 , find g ( 3 ) , g ( ),g(0),g
𝟐
𝒙+𝟓
(–4 ) , g ( 4 ). If g ( a ) = 99 , find a. ( b ) g ( x ) = , find the image of 3 , 0 , –3. Find x if
𝟐
g ( x ) = 0 ( c ) g ( x ) = 3x – 1 . Find x such that g ( x ) = 20. ( d ) g ( x ) = 3x + 1 . Find x such
that g ( x ) = 22.
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်ဖညးံစျကးပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( ဤပုစာၦမ္ာ့မြာ စာသငးခ္ိနး်ပငးပတျငး ်ပနးေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံရနး ေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့သာ ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
1. Let the function g : R  R be given by g ( x ) = 2x – 5 for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the image
𝟓
of – 2 , – , 𝟐 , 0.25 , 2a , h( x ) . ( ii ) Calculate the value of k whose image is 1. ( iii )
𝟐
Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function.
the value of x whose image is x  f ( x ) = x

the value of x whose image is 5  f ( x ) = 5
the value of p whose image is p+1  f ( p ) = p + 1
the value of a whose image is 2a – 1  f ( a ) = 2a – 1
the element x which give 3 as it image  f ( x ) = 3
the element 3 which give x as it image  f ( 3 ) = x
the element k which give 2k + 1 as it image  f ( k ) = 2k + 1
Solution
( i ) g ( x ) = 2x – 5
g ( – 2 ) = 2( – 2 ) – 5 = – 4 – 5 = – 9 ( Recheck , 2x – 5 = – 9 , 2x = – 4 , x = – 2 )
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
g(– )=2(– ) – 5 = – 5 – 5 = – 10 ( Recheck , 2x – 5 = – 10 , 2x = – 5 , x = – )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
g( 𝟐)=2 𝟐–5 ( Recheck , 2x – 5 = 2 𝟐 – 5 , 2x = 2 𝟐 , x = 𝟐 )

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏−𝟏𝟎 𝟗
g ( 0.25 ) = g ( )=2( )–5= –5= =–
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟗 𝟗 −𝟗+𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
( Recheck , 2x – 5 = – , 2x = – + 5 , 2x = = ,x= )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
g ( 2a ) = 2( 2a ) – 5 = 4a – 5 , g ( h( x ) ) = 2h ( x ) – 5
( ii ) g ( k ) = 1
2k – 5 = 1
2k = 6 and k = 3 ( Recheck , g ( 3 ) = 6 – 5 = 1 )
g : R  R ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ g : domain  Codomain အရ
Domain of the function = R ( or ) { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain of the function = R
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငး၏ ေဖား်မဴလာမြာ g ( x ) = 2x – 5 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ linear function ်ဖစး၍ x တနးဖို့သညး
real number အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညး။ x တနးဖို့အတျကး မ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးမရြိပါ။ ထို႕အတူ y
တနးဖို့သညးလညး့ real number အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးႏိုငးသညး။ y တနးဖို့အတျကး မ်ဖစးရမညးံ တနးဖို့ကနး႔သတးခ္ကး မရြိ
ပါ။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးအတျကး range တနးဖို့မြာ
Range of the function = { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R } ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့အတိုငး့ ေရ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟐 𝒙
2. Let the function f : R  R be given by f( x ) = – for every x 𝝐 R .( i ) Find the image of
𝟑 𝟐
𝟓
– , 0 , 0.25 , g( x + 1 ) .( ii ) Calculate the value of k whose image is k + 1 .
𝟐
( iii ) Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function.
Solution
𝟐 𝒙 𝟒−𝟑𝒙
( i ) f( x ) = – = ,
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔
𝟓 𝟐𝟑 𝟐 𝟒−𝟐 𝟐
f(– )= , f(0)= , f( 𝟐)=
𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒 − 𝟑( ) 𝟒− 𝟏𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
f ( 0.25 ) = f ( )= = = =
𝟒 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟐𝟒
𝟒−𝟑𝒈( 𝒙+𝟏)
f ( g( x ) ) =
𝟔
( ii ) f(k)=k+1 9k = – 2
𝟒−𝟑𝒌 𝟐
=k+1 k=–
𝟔 𝟗
4 – 3k = 6k + 6
( iii ) Domain of the function = R ( or ) { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain of the function = R

Range of the function = { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R }
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𝒙+𝟓
4. Let the function f : R  R be given by f( x ) = for every x 𝝐 R .( i ) Find the image of
𝟐
𝟏
2,–2, , 0 , 2g( 5x – 3 ) – 5 . ( ii ) Calculate the value of x whose image is 3x.
𝟕
( iii ) Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function.
𝟕 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟖 𝟓
Ans ; ( i ) f( 2 ) = , f( –2 ) = , f( )= ,f(0)= ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟕 𝟕 𝟐
f ( 2g ( 5x – 3 ) – 5 ) = g( 5x – 3 ) , ( ii ) x = 1
Range of the function = R ( or ) { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R }
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𝟐 𝒙
−
𝟑 𝟐
5. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = for every x 𝝐 R .( i ) Find the image of
𝟓
𝟓 𝟒𝒙
– , 0.25 , , 2g( x ) , 3h( 3 – x ) – x . ( ii ) Calculate the negative value of p whose image
𝟐 𝟑
𝒑𝟐
is . ( iii ) Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function.
𝟑𝟎
Solution
𝟐 𝒙 𝟒−𝟑𝒙
−
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔 𝟒−𝟑𝒙
(i)f(x)= = =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟑𝟎
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟔−𝟑
𝟏 𝟒−𝟑( ) 𝟒− 𝟏𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
f ( 0.25 ) = f ( )= = = =
𝟒 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟒−𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
( recheck, = , 16 – 12x = 13, – 12x = – 3 , x = )
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟒
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟒𝒙
𝟒𝒙 𝟒−𝟑( ) 𝟒−𝟒𝒙 𝟐(𝟐−𝟐𝒙) 𝟐−𝟐𝒙 𝟒−𝟔𝒈(𝒙 ) 𝟐−𝟑𝒈( 𝒙 )
𝟑
f( )= = = = , f ( 2g( x ) ) = =
𝟑 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟓
𝟒−𝟑( 𝟑𝒉 𝟑−𝟐 –𝒙 ) 𝟒−𝟗𝒉 𝟑−𝟐 +𝟑𝒙 𝟒+𝟑𝒙 −𝟗𝒉 𝟑−𝟐

f ( 3h( 3 – x ) – x ) = = =
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
𝒑𝟐
( ii ) f ( p ) = p2 + 3p– 4 = 0
𝟑𝟎
𝟒−𝟑𝒑 ( p – 1 )( p + 4 ) = 0
f(p)=
𝟑𝟎
p = 1 ( or ) p = – 4 ,
𝒑𝟐 𝟒−𝟑𝒑
= but p < 0
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
p=–4
p2 = 4 – 3p
Range of the function = R ( or ) { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R }
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Quadratic function Problems
ႏြစးထပး၊တစးထပး၊ကိနး့ေသ ပုဵစဵ
1. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = 2x2 – 3x – 1 for every x 𝝐 R .
Which integer element of the domain has 2x – 3 as its image.
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x – 3
f ( x ) = 2x2 – 3x – 1
2x2 – 3x – 1 = 2x – 3
2x2 – 5x + 2 = 0
( 2x – 1 )( x – 2 ) = 0
𝟏
x= or x = 2
𝟐
but x is an integer ,
x=2
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2. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = x2 – 2x – 3 for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the
image of 2 , – 2 , 0 , x – 1 , g ( x ) . ( ii ) State the non-zero element of the domain which
gives – 3 as its image. ( iii ) Find also the domain and codomain of the function.
Solution
( i ) f ( x ) = x2 – 2x – 3
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 )2 – 2( 2 ) – 3 = 4 – 4 – 3 = – 3
( Recheck , x2 – 2x – 3 = – 3 , x2 – 2x = 0 , x ( x – 2 ) = 0 , x = 0 or x = 2 )
( အထကးပါ ်ပနးစစးသညးံတနးဖို့ႏြစးခု်ဖစးေနရ်ခငး့မြာ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငး f ( x ) သညး ႏြစးထပးကိနး့ဖနးရြငး ်ဖစးေန
်ခငး့ေၾကာငးံ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ရလာေသာတနးဖို့ႏြစးခု ( 0 or 2 ) အနကး မညးသညးံတနးဖို့ကို f ( x ) တျငးသျငး့သျငး့ – 3 ်ပနးရ
မညး်ဖစးသညး။ ပုစာၦတျငး တနးဖို့တစးခုသာေမ့ထာ့်ခငး့ေၾကာငးံ ေမ့ခ္ကးတနးဖို့တစးခုသာ ရြာေပ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။ )
f (–2 ) = (–2 )2 – 2(–2 ) – 3 = 4 + 4 – 3 = 5
( Recheck , x2 – 2x – 3 = 5 , x2 – 2x – 8 = 0 , ( x – 4 )( x + 2 ) = 0 , x = 4 or x = – 2 )
f ( 0 ) = ( 0 )2 – 2( 0 ) – 3 = – 3

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( x – 1 ) = ( x – 1 )2 – 2( x – 1 ) – 3 = x2 – 2x + 1 – 2x + 1 – 3 = x2 – 4x – 1
f ( g( x ) ) = ( g( x ))2 – 2g( x )– 3
( iii ) f (x)= –3 x2 – 2x = 0
f ( x ) = x2 – 2x – 3 x(x–2)=0
x2 – 2x – 3 = – 3 but x ≠ 0 ,  x = 2
( iii ) Quadratic function မ္ာ့အတျကး Domain ေရာ Codomain ေရာသညး linear function
ကဲံသိုပငး R သာ ယူေပ့ရပါမညး။
Range ရြာသညးံ ကိစၥ ( ဆရာ ဆရာမမ္ာ့အတျကးသာ )

Range ရြာသညးံ ကိစၥအတျကးမြာမူ
( 1 ) ႏြစးထပး၊တစးထပး၊ကိနး့ေသ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး တစးမ္ဳိ့ ( 2 ) ႏြစးထပး၊တစးထပး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး တစးမ္ဳိ့
( 3 ) ႏြစးထပး၊ကိနး့ေသ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး တစးမ္ဳိ့ ( 4 ) ႏြစးထပး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး တစးမ္ဳိ့
စုစုေပါငး့ ပုဵစဵေလ့မ္ဳိ မြတးထာ့ရမညး ်ဖစးသညး။ သို႔ေသား Quadratic function မ္ာ့အတျကး Range ရြာသညးံ
ကိစၥအာ့ေမ့သညးံ ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵမ္ုိ့မြာ အေေ်ခခဵပညာအထကးတနး့အဆငးံအတျကး ေမ့ႏိုငးေခ္ အလျနး႔အလျနး
နညး့သ်ဖငးံ ဆရာမ္ာ့အေန်ဖငးံသာ သိထာ့ႏိုငးရနး ထညးံသျငး့ရြငး့်ပထာ့ပါသညး။ ေမ့ချနး့တျငး ထညးံမေမ့ထာ့ပါ။
Range
( 1 ) ႏြစးထပး၊တစးထပး၊ကိနး့ေသ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး
အဆငးံ ( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအာ့ 0 ႏြငးံညီ၍ ႏြစးကျငး့ချဲ
Step ( 1 ) x2 – 2x – 3 = 0 , x = 3 or x = – 1
အဆငးံ ( 2 ) x တနးဖို့ ႏြစးခုရလာလ္ြငး ၁ငး့တို႔ႏြစးခုေပါငး့်ခငး့အာ့ 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့

𝟐
ေပါငး့  3 + (– 1 ) = 3 – 1 = 2 / 2 ်ဖငးံစာ့ 
𝟐
𝟑−𝟏
Step ( 2 ) = 1
𝟐
အဆငးံ ( 3 ) အဆိုပါ တနးဖို့အာ့ f ( x ) တျငးသျငး့
Step ( 3 ) f ( 1 ) = ( 1 )2 – 2( 1 ) – 3 = 1 – 2 – 3 = – 4
အဆငးံ ( 4 ) x2 ေရြ႕တျငး
( i ) အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ရြိပါက Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့ }
( ii ) အႏႈတလး ကၡဏာရြိပါက Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့ } ဟု ေရ့ေပ့ပါ။
Step ( 4 )  Range of the function = { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R , y  – 4 }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = x2 + 4x – 5 for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the
𝟏
image of 2 , – 2 , . ( ii ) State the possible values of p such that f ( p ) = 1.
𝟕
( iii ) Find also the domain and codomain of the function .
Solution
(i) f ( x ) = x2 + 4x – 5
f ( 2 ) = 7 , f (–2 ) = – 9
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟐𝟖 𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝟐𝟗−𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝟐𝟏𝟔
f( )= ( )2 + 4( ) – 5 = + –5 = + – = =–
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟒𝟗 𝟕 𝟒𝟗 𝟒𝟗 𝟒𝟗 𝟒𝟗 𝟒𝟗

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( ii ) f ( x ) = x2 + 4x – 5 p2 + 2 ( p ) 2 + 22 = 6 + 4
f(p)=1 ( p + 2 )2 = 10
p2 + 4p – 5 = 1 p + 2 =  𝟏𝟎
p2 + 4p = 6 p = – 2 + 𝟏𝟎 or p = – 2 – 𝟏𝟎

𝟏−𝟓
( 1 ) x2 + 4x – 5 = 0 , x = 1 or x = – 5 (2) =–2
𝟐
( 3 ) f ( –2 ) = ( –2 )2 + 4( –2
)–5 = 4 –8–5 =–9
( 4 )  Range of the function = { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R , y  – 9 }
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4. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = 6 – x – x2 for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the
image of – 2 , 2 – x , x – 2. ( ii ) Find also the domain and codomain of the function
Solution
f ( x ) = 6 – x – x2
f (–2 ) = 6 – ( –2 ) – (–2 )2 = 6 + 2 – 4 = 4
f ( 2 – x ) = 6 – ( 2 – x ) – ( 2 – x )2 = 6 – 2 + x – 4 + 4x – x2 = 5x – x2
f ( x –2 ) = 6 – ( x –2 ) – ( x –2 )2 = 6 – x + 2 – x2 + 4x – 4 = 4 + 3x – x2
𝟐−𝟑 𝟏
( 1 ) 6 – x – x2 = 0 , x = – 3 or x = 2 (2) =–
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟒+𝟐−𝟏 𝟐𝟓
(3) f ( – )= 6–( – )– ( – ) = 6+ – = =– = – 6.25
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
( 4 )  Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  – 6.25 }  x2 ေရြ႕တျငး အႏႈတး်ဖစးေန
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Domain and codomain Problem
Find the domain and codomain of the following function from R to R.
( 1 ) f ( x ) = x2 – 3x + 2
Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  – 0.25 }
( 2 ) f ( x ) = x2 – 2x + 1
Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  0 }
( 3 ) f ( x ) = 3 – 2x – x2
Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  4 }
( 4 ) f ( x ) = 4x – 4 – x2
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ႏြစးထပး၊တစးထပး ပုဵစဵ
5. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = 7x – x2 for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the
possible values of x which map onto themselves by the mapping. ( ii ) Find also the
domain and codomain of the function
Solution
(i) f ( x ) = 7x – x2 6x – x2 = 0
f(x)=x x(6–x)=0
f ( x ) = 7x – x2 x = 0 ( or ) x = 6
7x – x2 = x

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟎+𝟕 𝟕
Range  ( 1 ) 7x – x2 = 0 , x = 7 or x = 0 (2) =–
𝟐 𝟐
𝟕 𝟕 𝟕 𝟗𝟖 𝟒𝟗 𝟒𝟗
(3) f ( )=7( )–( )2 = – =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒𝟗
( 4 )  Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  }
𝟒
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6. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = x2 + 3x for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the image
of 2 – g( x ) , – 2h( x – 3 ) . ( ii )Find the negative value of x which are unchanged by the
mapping. ( iii ) Find also the domain and codomain of the function
Solution
( i ) f ( x ) = x2 + 3x
f ( 2 – g( x ) ) = ( 2 – g( x ) ) 2+ 3( 2 – g( x ) ) = 4 – 4g( x ) + ( g( x )) 2+ 6 – 3g( x )
= ( g( x )) 2 – 7g( x ) + 10
f ( – 2h( x – 3 ) ) = ( – 2h( x – 3 ) )2 – 6 = 4( h( x – 3 ) )2 – 6
( ii ) f(x)=x x(x+2)=0
f ( x ) = x2 + 3x x = 0 ( or ) x = – 2
 x2 + 3x = x x = – 2 ( because of x < 0 )
x2 + 2x = 0

Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  0.75 }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Domain and codomain
( 1 ) f ( x ) = x2 + 5x , Domain = { x / x ∈ R } ,Codomain = R ,Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  –6.25 }
( 2 ) f ( x ) = x2 – 2x , Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  1 }
( 3 ) f ( x ) = 2x – x2 , Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  1 }
( 4 ) f ( x ) = – 4x – x2 , Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  4 }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ႏြစးထပး၊ကိနး့ေသ ပုဵစဵ
21. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = x2 + 3 for every x 𝝐 R .
( i )Find the possible values of x which are unchanged by the mapping.
( ii ) Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function
Solution
( i ) f ( x ) = x2 + 3
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏𝟐+𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
f(x)=x ( x– )2 = – 3 + = =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
f ( x ) = x2 + 3 𝟏 2 −𝟏𝟏
x2 + 3 = x ( x– ) =
𝟐 𝟒
x2 – x = – 3 𝟏 −𝟏𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 2 𝟏 x– =
𝟒
R
𝟐
x2 – 2x ( )+( ) = – 3 + ( )2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 There is no solution. ( or )
There is no value of x which satify the condition.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ႏြစးထပး၊ကိနး့ေသ ပုဵစဵဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့အတျကး Range ေရ့နညး့မြာ x2 အာ့ မညးသညးံေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးထာ့
သညး်ဖစးေစ x2 ေရြ႕တျငး
( i ) အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ရြိပါက { y / y ∈ R , y  x2 ေနာကးရြိ ကိနး့ေသ } ်ဖစး်ပီ့
( ii ) အႏႈတးလကၡဏာရြိပါက { y / y ∈ R , y  x2 ေနာကးရြိ ကိနး့ေသ } ်ဖစးသညး။
Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  3 }
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7. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = 3 – 2x2 for every x 𝝐 R . ( i ) Find the image
𝟓
of 2 , – 2 , – , 0 , 𝟐 , 0.25 , 2x . ( ii )Find the integer value of x which map onto itself
𝟐
under the function f . ( iii ) Find also the domain , codomain and the range
of the function
𝟓 𝟏𝟗
Ans ; ( i )f ( 2 ) = – 5 , f ( – 2 ) = – 5 , f ( – ) =– ,f(0)=3, f( 𝟐)=–1,
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝟑
f( )= , f ( 2x ) = 3 – 8x2 ( ii ) x = 1
𝟒 𝟖
Range of the function = { y = f ( x ) / y ∈ R , y  3 }
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Find the domain , codomain and range of the following function from R to R.
( 1 ) f ( x ) = x2 + 2
Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  2 }
( 2 ) f ( x ) = x2 – 3
Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  – 3 }
( 3 ) f ( x ) = 2x2 – 5
Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  – 5 }
( 4 ) f ( x ) = 3 – x2
( 5 ) f ( x ) = 5 – 2x2
( 6 ) f ( x ) = – 4 – 7x2
Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R , y  –4 }
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Rational function
Note
ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး x ပါေနေသာဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ကို Rational function မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚသညး။ထိုဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့သညး ပိုငး့ေ်ခ
သုညမ်ဖစးရ။ ထိုမ်ဖစးရမညးံတနးဖို့ကို ဖနးရြငးတနးဖို့ေဘ့ ကပးေရ့ေပ့ရမညး။
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Example for the Students :
𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙 𝒙−𝟑 𝟓𝒙−𝟏
(1) f(x)= , x ≠…….. ( 2 ) f ( x ) = , x ≠…….. ( 3 ) f ( x ) = , x ≠……..
𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟓𝒙+𝟐
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝒙+𝟓 𝒂𝒙−𝒃
(4) f(x)= , x ≠…….. (5)f(x)= , x ≠…….. ( 6 ) f ( x ) = , x ≠……..
𝒌𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝒂 𝒂𝒙+𝒃
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise ( 1.2 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂𝒙−𝟑
9. The function f is defined by f ( x ) = , for all real values of x except x = 1.Find the
𝒙−𝟏
value of a for which ( i ) f ( 2 ) = 5 ( ii ) f ( 3 ) = a ( iii ) f ( a ) = a
Note -ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးသညး rational function ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ပိုငး့ေ်ခ 0 မ်ဖစးရ။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ x – 1 ≠ 0 , x ≠ 1

ဤသို႔ေရ့မညးံအစာ့ ပုစာၦတျငး တစးခါတစးရဵ အထကးပါအတိုငး့ x တနးဖို့ 1 မြလျဲ၍ က္နးေသာ real numbers
အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးချငးံရြိသညး ( for all real values of x except x = 1 ) ဟု စာ်ဖငးံ ေပ့လာတတးသညး။ ဤသို႔ေပ့
လာပါက ေအာကးပါပုဵစဵကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရမညး။
for all real values of x except x = 1 x ≠ 1
Solution
𝒂𝒙−𝟑
f(x)= ,x≠ 1
𝒙−𝟏
(i )f(2)=5 ( ii ) f ( 3 ) = a ( iii ) f ( a ) = a
𝟐𝒂−𝟑 𝟑𝒂−𝟑 𝒂𝟐 −𝟑
=5 =a =a
𝟐−𝟏 𝟑−𝟏 𝒂−𝟏
2a – 3 = 5 3a – 3 = 2a a2 – 3 = a 2 – a
a=4 a=3 a=3
𝟒𝒙−𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟑
Rechack - f ( x ) = Rechack - f ( x ) = Rechack - f ( x ) =
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
𝟖−𝟑 𝟗−𝟑 𝟗−𝟑
f(2)= =5 f(3)= =3 f(a)=f(3)= =3
𝟐−𝟏 𝟑−𝟏 𝟑−𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒌𝒙−𝟑
1. ( a ) If f ( x ) = , for all x expect x = 1 and f( 2 )= – 3 , find k. Ans ; k = 3
𝟏−𝒙
𝟐𝒌𝒙−𝟗
( b ) If f ( x ) = , for all x expect x = 3 and f( 0 )= – k , find k. Ans ; k = 3
𝟑−𝒙
𝟑−𝟐𝒃𝒙 𝟓 𝟑
( c ) If f ( x ) = , for all x expect x = – and f( b )= – b , find b. Ans ; b = –
𝟐𝒙+𝟓 𝟐 𝟓
𝒃𝒙−𝟑𝒂 𝟐
( c ) If f ( x ) = , for all x expect x = and f( 0 )= a , find a. Ans ; a = 0
𝒂𝒙−𝟐 𝒂
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂𝒙−𝟔
2. The function f is defined by f ( x ) = , for all x expect x = 2. If f ( 3 ) = 6, find the
𝒙−𝟐
value of a and then find ( i ) f (– 1 ) ( ii ) f ( a + 1 ) ( iii ) f ( f ( 4 ) ) ( iv ) f ( x + 1 )
for all x expect x = 2  x ≠ 2
Solution
𝒂𝒙−𝟔
f(x)= ,x≠2
𝒙−𝟐
f(3)=6
𝟑𝒂−𝟔
=6
𝟑−𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3a – 6 = 2
3a = 12 , a = 4
𝟒𝒙−𝟔
f(x)= ,
𝒙−𝟐
−𝟒−𝟔 −𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
( i ) f (– 1 ) = = =–
−𝟏−𝟐 −𝟑 𝟑
( ii ) f ( a – 1 ) = f ( 4 – 1 ) = f ( 3 ) = 6
𝟏𝟔−𝟔 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎−𝟒 𝟏𝟔
( iii ) f ( f ( 4 ) ) = f ( f ( 4 ) ) = f ( )=f( )= f(5 )= =
𝟒−𝟐 𝟐 𝟓−𝟐 𝟑
𝟒( 𝒙 + 𝟏 )−𝟔 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 −𝟔 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐
( iv ) f ( x + 1 ) = = = ,x≠1
𝒙+𝟏−𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
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𝟏
3. A function f : R  R is given that f ( x ) = where x ∈ R .
𝒙
( i ) Find what value of x which must be excluded from the domain.
( မညးသညးံ x တနးဖို့သညး domain အစုမြ ခ္နးလြပးခဲံရမညးနညး့ )
( ii ) State the suitable domain of the function
( iii ) What are the images of 0.25 , – 𝟑 , g ( x ) , h ( x ) + 1 .
Rational function ( အပိုငး့ကိနး့ ဖနးရင
ြ း ) မ္ာ့သညး ပိုငး့ေ်ခ တနးဖို့ သုည မ်ဖစးရပါ။ ပိုငး့ေ်ခ တနးဖို့ သုည်ဖစး
ေစမညးံ x တနးဖို့ အာ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးေဘ့တျငး အ်မဲ သတိထာ့ ေဖား်ပေပ့ရပါမညး။ ပိုငး့ေ်ခ တနးဖို့
သုည်ဖစး ေစမညးံ x တနးဖို့ အာ့ domain အစုမြ ခ္နးလြပးခဲံရပါမညး။
Solution
𝟏
f(x)= ,x≠0
𝒙
( i ) The value of x which must be excluded from the domain is 0
( ii ) The domain of the function = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 0 }
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( iii ) f ( 0.25 ) = = 4 ( or ) f ( 0.25 ) = f ( )= 𝟏 = 4
𝟎.𝟐𝟓 𝟒
𝟒
𝟏 𝟑
f( – 𝟑)= = –
– 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
f( g(x))= ,g(x)≠0
𝐠(𝒙)
𝟏
f(h(x)+1) = ,h(x)≠–1
𝒉 𝒙 +𝟏
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𝟑
(1)f(x)= ,x≠ , Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 5 } , Codomain = R
𝒙−𝟓
𝟓 𝟕
(2)f(x)= , x ≠ , Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ } , Codomain = R
𝟕−𝟑𝒙 𝟑
𝟐𝒙 𝟒
(3)f(x)= , x ≠ , Ans ; Domain = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ } , Codomain = R
𝟒−𝟓𝒙 𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
4. A function f : R  R is given that f ( x ) = where x ∈ R .
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
( i ) Find what value of x which must be excluded from the domain.
( iii ) What are the images of 0.25 , 𝟑 , g ( x )
Solution
𝟏
f(x)= ,x≠1
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
( i ) The value of x which must be excluded from the domain is  1 .
( ii ) The domain of the function = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠  1 }
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟔
( iii ) f ( 0.25 ) = f ( )= 𝟏 = 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔−𝟏 =
𝟒 𝟏−( )𝟐 𝟏− 𝟏𝟓
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
f( 𝟑)= = = –
𝟏−( – 𝟑 )𝟐 𝟏−𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
f( g(x))= 𝟐 = ,g(x)≠ 1
𝟏−( 𝐠 𝒙 ) 𝟏−𝐠𝟐 𝒙
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𝟑𝒙+𝟏
5. A function f : R  R is given that f : x ↦ where x ∈ R .
𝟓𝒙−𝟑
( i ) Find what values of x which must be excluded from the domain.
𝟑
( iii ) What are the images of ,1 ,g(x),h(x)+1.
𝟐
Solution
𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝟑
f(x)= , x≠
𝟓𝒙−𝟑 𝟓
𝟑
( i ) The value of x which must be excluded from the domain is .
𝟓
𝟑
( ii ) The domain of the function = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ }
𝟓
𝟑
𝟑 𝟑 +𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐
( iii ) f ( )= 𝟑 = 𝟗 𝟏𝟓 𝟔 = ∈R
𝟐 𝟓 −𝟑 − + 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑
There is no image of .
𝟐
𝟑+𝟏
f(1)= =2
𝟓−𝟑
𝟑𝐠 𝒙 +𝟏 𝟑
f( g(x))= , where g ( x ) ≠
𝟓𝐠 𝒙 −𝟑 𝟓
𝟑( 𝐡 𝒙 +𝟏 )+𝟏 𝟑𝒉 𝒙 +𝟑+𝟏 𝟑𝒉 𝒙 + 𝟒 𝟐
f(h(x)+1) = = = , where h ( x ) ≠ –
𝟓( 𝐡 𝐱 +𝟏 )−𝟑 𝟓𝒉 𝒙 +𝟓−𝟑 𝟓𝒉 𝒙 +𝟐 𝟓
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Old Questions
function with one unknown constant
𝟑𝒙
3.Let the function f: R\{ ± 2 } R be the function defined by f ( x ) = . find the positive
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
value of z such that f ( z ) = 1 .State the domain and Codomain of the function.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution
𝟑𝒙 ပိုငး့ေ်ခသညး 0 ်ဖစးလို႔မရသ်ဖငးံ
f(x)= ,x≠±2 x2 – 4 ≠ 0
𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
f(z)=1 2
x ≠4
𝟑𝒛
=1 x≠2
𝒛𝟐 −𝟒 Domain အစုထဲသညး  2 မြလျဲ ၍ က္နးေသာ
3z = z2 – 4
z2 – 3z – 4 = 0 real number အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးချငးံရြိပါသညး။ ၁ငး့ကို
( z – 4 )( z + 1 ) = 0 အစု ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေရ့လ္ြငး Domain = R \ { ± 2 }
z = 4 ( or ) z = – 1 ဟုေရ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
Domain = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ ± 2 } ( or ) R\{ ± 2 }
Codomain = R
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𝟏
2.The functios f : R\{ –1 }  R be defined by f ( x ) = and g : R\{ 2 }  R be defined by g
𝒙+𝟏
𝒙
(x)= , find the value of x for which f ( x ) = 10 g ( x ). ( 65/2007 ရနးကုနး )
𝒙−𝟐
Solution
𝟏 𝒙
f(x)= ,x≠–1,g(x)= ,x≠2.
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟐
f ( x ) = 10 g ( x )
𝟏 𝟏𝟎𝒙
=
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟐
x – 2 = 10x2 + 10x
0 = 10x2 + 9x + 2
10x2 + 9x + 2 = 0
( 2x + 1 )( 5x + 2 ) = 0
𝟏 𝟐
x=– ( or ) x = –
𝟐 𝟓
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𝒙−𝟏 𝟓
3.The functios f : R\{ –2 }  R be defined by f ( x ) = and g : R\{ }  R be defined by g
𝒙+𝟐 𝟐
𝒙+𝟑
(x)= , find the value of x for which f ( x ) = 2 g ( x ).
𝟐𝒙−𝟓
Solution
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙+𝟑 𝟓
f(x)= ,x≠–2,g(x)= ,x≠ .
𝒙+𝟐 𝟐𝒙−𝟓 𝟐
f(x)= 2g(x)
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙+𝟑
=2 ( )
𝒙+𝟐 𝟐𝒙−𝟓
2x – 7x + 10 = 2( x2 + 5x + 6 ) = 2x2 + 10x + 12
2
– 17x = 2
𝟐
x=–
𝟏𝟕
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4. Function f is defined by f : x ↦ x2 – 1. If 9 f ( x ) + 8 = f ( kx ) , for all value of x , find the
value of k. Ans; k = ± 3 ( 106/2003 မေကျ့ )
Solution
f ( x ) = x2 – 1.
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
9 f ( x ) + 8 = f ( kx )
9 ( x2 – 1 ) + 8 = ( kx )2 – 1
9x2 – 9 + 8 = k2x2 – 1
9x2 – 1 = k2x2 – 1
9x2 = k2x2 ( ပုစာၦတျငး for all value of x ဟုေပ့ထာ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး x ≠ 0 ပါ ထညးံေပ့သငးံပါသညး )
k2 = 9 = ( ± 3 )2
k = ± 3
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ပုဵစဵတူပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) Function f is defined by f : x ↦ x2 + 1. If f ( kx ) – 9f ( x ) + 8 = 0 , for all value of x , find
the value of k. Ans; k = ± 3 ( 103/2004 ကခ္ငး )
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( b ) A function f is defined by f : x ↦ x2 – 1 . If 3 f ( x ) + 2 = f ( mx ) , for all non zero values
of x , find the value of m. Ans; m = ± 𝟑 ( 70/2007 ဧရာွတီ )
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𝒙+𝟑
5. The function h is defined by h ( x ) = , x ≠ 3 . Show that h ( 3 + p ) + h ( 3 – p ) = 2 ,
𝒙−𝟑
where p is positive and find the positive number q such that h ( q ) = q – 1.
Solution ( 1/2014 ရနးကုနး )
𝒙+𝟑
h(x)= ,x≠3,
𝒙−𝟑
𝟑+𝒑+𝟑 𝟑−𝒑+𝟑 𝟔+𝒑 𝟔−𝒑 𝒑+𝟔 𝒑−𝟔 𝒑+𝟔+𝒑−𝟔 𝟐𝒑
h(3+p)+h(3–p)= + = + = + = = =2
𝟑+𝒑−𝟑 𝟑−𝒑−𝟑 𝒑 −𝒑 𝒑 𝒑 𝒑 𝒑
h(q)=q–1,q=?
𝒒+𝟑
=q–1
𝒒−𝟑
q + 3 = ( q – 3 )( q – 1 )
q + 3 = q2 – 4q + 3
q2 – 5q = 0
q(q–5)=0
q = 0 or q = 5
but q is positive number
q=5
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𝟓
6.A functions h is defined by h : x ↦ + 3x , x ≠ 0 . Calculate the image of 5 under h and
𝒙
𝟓
the possible values of x whose image of 8. Ans ; h( 5 ) = 16 , x = or x = 1 ( 208/02 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟑
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Eg ( 3 ) Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = px + q , where p and q are real
numbers. If f ( 1 ) = 4 and f (– 2 ) = 1 , find p and q.
Recheck – If p = 1 , q = 3 ,
Solution
f(x)=x+3
f ( x ) = px + q
f(1)= 1+3=4
f(1)=4
f (– 2 ) = – 2 + 3 = 1
p+q=4 (1)
 p = 1 , q = 3 is right.
f (– 2 ) = 1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
– 2p + q = 1 (2)
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 ) , 3p = 3 and p = 1 in Eq ( 1 )
1 + q = 4 and q = 3
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Exercise ( 1.2 )
3. Let the function f : R  R be given by
( a ) f( x ) = ax + b ,where a and b are real numbers. If f( 3 ) = 11 and f ( 1 ) = 7, find a and b
( b ) f( x ) = px + q ,where p and q are real numbers. If f( 1 ) = 3 and f ( 5 ) = 7, find p and q.
( b ) f( x ) = mx + c ,where m and c are fixed real numbers. If f( 0 ) = – 3 and f ( 2 ) = 1 , find
m and c , and then find f ( 4 ).
Solution
( a ) f( x ) = ax + b , f( 3 ) = 11 , f ( 1 ) = 7, a = ? , b = ?
f( 3 ) = 11
3a + b = 11 (1) Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 ) , 2a = 4 Rechack - a = 2 , b = 5 , f ( x ) = 2x + 5
f(1)=7 a = 2 in Eq ( 2 ) f ( 3 ) = 6 + 5 = 11 , f ( 1 ) = 2 + 5 = 7
a+b=7 (2) 2+b=7,b=5 a = 2 , b = 5 is right
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) f( x ) = px +q , f( 1 ) = 3 , f ( 5 ) = 7, p = ? , q = ?
f( 1 ) = 3
p+q =3 (1) Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 ) , 4p= 4 Rechack - p = 1 , q = 2 , f ( x ) = x + 2
f(5)=7 p = 1 in Eq ( 1 ) f(1)=1+2=3 ,f(5)=5+2=7
5p + q = 7 (2) 1+q =3,q =2 p = 1 , q = 2 is right
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုစာၦ ( a ) တျငး a ႏြငးံ b ၊ပုစာၦ ( b ) တျငး p ႏြငးံ q တနးဖို့သာေမ့ထာ့်ပီ့ ေအာကးကိုဆကးမေမ့ထာ့ သ်ဖငးံ
f( x ) အာ့ မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့အစာ့ ရလာေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့သျငး့်ပီ့ အ်ပညးံအစုဵ်ပနးေရ့ေပ့ရနး မလိုပါ။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) f( x ) = mx + c ,
f( 0 ) = – 3
m(0)+c= –3
c=–3
 f ( x ) = mx – 3
f(2)=1
2m – 3 = 1
m=2
 f ( x ) = 2x – 3  ( ေအာကးတျငး f( 4 ) တနးဖို့ကို ဆကးေမ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ f( x )
f(4)=8–3=5 အာ့မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့အစာ့သျငး့်ပီ့ အ်ပညးံအစုဵ်ပနးေရ့ပါ။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Let the function f : R  R be given by f( x ) = ax2 + bx . If f(–1 ) = 7 and f ( 2 ) = –2, find
the values of a and b , and then find the value of x for which f( x ) = x.
Solution
f ( x ) = ax2 + bx Rechack
f (– 1 ) = 7
If f ( x ) = 2x2 – 5x
a(– 1 )2 + b(– 1 ) = 7
f (– 1 ) = 2(– 1 )2 – 5(– 1 ) = 7
a–b=7(1)
f ( 2 ) = – 2  a( 2 )2 + b( 2 ) = – 2 f ( 2 ) = 2( 2 )2 – 5( 2 ) = – 2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4a + 2b = – 2  ( 2 )
( + ) 2a – 2b = 14  ( 1 ) x 2
6a = 12 Rechack
a = 2 in ( 1 )
for f ( x ) = 2x2 – 5x ,
2–b=7
b=–5 f ( 0 ) = 2( 0 )2 – 5( 0 ) = 0 ,
f ( x ) = 2x2 – 5x for f ( x ) = x , f ( 0 ) = 0
f(x)=x
for f ( x ) = 2x2 – 5x ,
2x2 – 5x = x
f ( 3 ) = 2( 3 )2 – 5( 3 ) = 3 ,
2x2 – 6x = 0
x2 – 3x = 0 for f ( x ) = x f ( 3 ) = 3
x(x–3)=0
x = 0 ( or ) x = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. The function f is defined by f( x ) = px2 + qx – 5. If f(–1 ) = 1 and f ( 1 ) = –8 , find
( a ) the values of p and q , and ( b ) the value of x for which f( x ) = – 5.
Solution Rechack
f ( x ) = px2 + qx – 5 𝟑 2 𝟗
f (– 1 ) = 1 If f ( x ) = x – x–5
𝟐 𝟐
p(– 1 )2 + q(– 1 ) – 5 = 1 𝟑 2 𝟗
f (– 1 ) = (– 1 ) – (– 1 ) – 5
p–q=6(1) 𝟐 𝟐
f(1)=–8 𝟑 𝟗
= + –5 = 6–5=1
p( 1 )2 + q( 1 ) – 5 = – 8 𝟐 𝟐
p+q= –3(2) 𝟑 𝟗 𝟑−𝟗−𝟏𝟎
(+) p–q= 6(1)x2 f(1) = ( 1 )2 – ( 1 ) – 5 = = –8
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2p = 3
𝟑
p= in ( 1 )
𝟐
𝟑
–b=6 𝟑 2 𝟗
𝟐 If f ( x ) = x – x–5
𝟑 𝟑−𝟏𝟐 𝟗 𝟐 𝟐
b= –6= =– 𝟑 2 𝟗
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 f(0)= (0) – (0)–5=–5
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐 𝟐
f ( x ) = x2 – x – 5 𝟑 𝟗
𝟐 𝟐 f(3) = ( 3 )2 – (3)–5
f(x)=–5 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 2 𝟗
x – x–5=–5 𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕
𝟐 𝟐 = – –5=–5
𝟑 2 𝟗 𝟐 𝟐
x – x=0
𝟐 𝟐
x2 – 3x = 0
x(x– 3)=0
x = 0 ( or ) x = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. If f ( x ) = ax2 – bx + 2 , f ( 1 ) = 1 and f (– 1 ) = 9 , find a and b. If f ( x ) = x , find x.
𝟐
Ans ; a = 3 , b = 4 , x = 1 ( or ) x =
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2. If f ( x )= px2 – qx + 5 , f ( 1 ) = 14 and f ( – 1 ) = 2 , find p and q. If f( x ) = 3 – x , find x.
𝟏
Ans ; p = 3 , q = – 6 , x = – 2 ( or ) x = –
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. If h ( x )= sx2 – tx – 3 , h ( 1 ) = 1 and h( –3 ) = –3 , find s and t. If h( x ) = 2 – 6x – x2 ,
𝟏
find x. Ans ; s = 1 , t = –3 , x = – 5 ( or ) x =
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. If g ( x )= mx2 + nx – 1 , g ( –1 ) = 7 and g( 2 ) = 25 , find m and n. If g( x ) = x2 + 1.
𝟏 𝟐
find x. Ans ; m = 7 , n = – 1 , x = – ( or ) x =
𝟐 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. If f ( x )= ax2 – 2x + 3b , f ( 0 ) = – 2 and f ( 2 ) = 18 , find a and b. If f ( x ) = x2 + x.
𝟐 𝟐
find x. Ans ; a = 6 , b = – , x = 1 ( or ) x = –
𝟑 𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. If f ( x )=kx2 – 2kx – 1 and f (– 2 ) = 39 , find k. If f( x ) = x 2 + x + 2 ,
𝟏
find x. Ans ; k = 5 , x = 3 ( or ) x = –
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old Questions
function with two unknown constants
1. A function f be defined by f ( x ) = ax + b . The image of 1 and –1 are 6 and –12
respectively. Calculate the value of a and b. Find the value of x whose image is 4.
Ans ; a = 3 , b = – 5 , x = 3 ( 204 / 2003 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုဵစဵတူ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Let the function f be defined by f ( x ) = ax3 + bx2 , where a and b are real numbers.
If f (–1 ) = 4 and f ( 1 ) = 6 , find the image of – 2 under f.
Ans;a = 1 ,b = 5 ,f (– 2 ) = 12 ( 183/2004 မေကျ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝟒 𝒂
2.A functions f is defined by f ( x ) = ,x≠ , x ≠ 0 . The image of 1 and – 1 are
𝒂𝒙+𝒃 𝒃
6 and –12 respectively. Calculate the values of a and b. Find the element that has image of
𝟐
8 under this mapping. Ans; a = 3 , b = 1 , x = ( 202 / 2003 ရခိုငး )
𝟑
The image of 1 is 6  f ( 1 ) = 6
The image of 1 and – 1 are 6 and – 12  f ( 1 ) = 6 , f ( – 1 ) = – 12
Solution
𝟐𝟒 𝒂
f(x)= ,x≠ ,x≠0.
𝒂𝒙+𝒃 𝒃
f(1)=6
𝟐𝟒
=6
𝒂+𝒃
𝟒
=1
𝒂+𝒃
a+b=4(1)

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( – 1 ) = – 12
𝟐𝟒
= – 12
−𝒂+𝒃
𝟐
=–1
−𝒂+𝒃
a–b=2(2)
a+b=4(1) Rechack
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
2a = 6 , a = 3 in ( 1 ) f(1)= = = =6
3+b=4,b=1 𝟑( 𝟏 )+𝟏 𝟑+𝟏 𝟒
𝟐𝟒 𝟏 a = 3 , b = 1 is correst.
f(x)= ,x≠ ,x≠0.
𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝟑
the element that has image of 8 under this mapping  f ( element ) = image
 f(x)=8
let required element be y

f(y)=8
𝟐𝟒 Rechack
=8 𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝟑𝒚+𝟏 f( )= = = =8
𝟑 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑( )+𝟏 𝟐+𝟏 𝟑
=1 𝟑
𝟑𝒚+𝟏
3y + 1 = 3
3y = 2
𝟐
y=
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏𝟐
f(x)= , f ( 0 ) = – 3 , f ( 2 ) = – 6 , given. Find a and b. Find x for which f ( x ) = x
𝒂𝒙+𝒃
Ans ; a = 1 , b = – 4 and x = 6 or – 2 ( 20 / 2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.The function f ( x ) = ax3 + bx + 30. Then the value x = 2 and x = 3 which are unchange by
the mapping. Find the value of a and b. Ans ; a = 1 , b = – 18 ( 23 / 2012 ရနးကုနး )
( ဒီပုစာၦ သတိထာ့်ပီ့တျကးပါ။ )
Solution
f ( x ) = ax3 + bx + 30
f(2)=2
8a + 2b + 30 = 2
4a + b + 15 = 1
4a + b = – 14  ( 1 )
f(3)=3
27a + 3b + 30 = 3
9a + b + 10 = 1
9a + b = – 9  ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )  5a = 5 and a = 1 in Eq ( 1 )
4 + b = – 14
b = – 18
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟐 𝒃
4.Given that f ( x ) = ,x≠– , such that f ( 0 ) = – 2 , and f ( 2 ) = 2.Find the value of a
𝒂𝒙+𝒃 𝒂
and b . Show that f ( p )+ f (–p ) = 2f ( p2 ). ( 25 / 2012 ရနးကုနး )( 166 / 2005 မႏ ၱေလ့ ဧရာွတီ )
Solution
𝟐 𝒃
f(x)= ,x≠– ,
𝒂𝒙+𝒃 𝒂
f(0)=–2
𝟐
= – 2 and b = – 1
𝒃
𝟐
f(x)=
𝒂𝒙−𝟏
f(2)=2
𝟐
=2
𝟐𝒂−𝟏
2a – 1 = 1
2a = 2 and a = 1
𝟐
f(x)=
𝒙−𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝒑+𝟐−𝟐𝒑+𝟐 𝟒
L.H.S = f ( p )+ f (–p ) = + = – = =
𝒑−𝟏 −𝒑−𝟏 𝒑−𝟏 𝒑+𝟏 𝒑−𝟏 (𝒑+𝟏) 𝒑𝟐 −𝟏
𝟐 𝟒
R.H.S = 2f ( p2 ) = 2 ( )=
𝒑𝟐 −𝟏 𝒑𝟐 −𝟏
L.H.S = R.H.S
 f ( p )+ f (–p ) = 2f ( p2 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 4. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = 2x . ( a ) What are the image of 3,
0 , – 2 ? ( b ) Find a ∈ R such that f ( a ) = 64.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise ( 1.2 )
4. Let the function h: R  R be given by h ( x ) = 2x . What are the image of 3,2,1,0, , –1 , –2.
𝟏
Find a ∈ R such that ( i ) h ( a ) = 64 ( ii ) h ( a ) = 128 ( iii ) h ( a ) = .
𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans ; h ( 3 ) = 8 , h ( 2 ) = 4 , h ( 1 ) = 2 , h ( 0 ) = 1 , h (–1 ) = , h (–2 ) = , h ( –3 ) =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
(i)a=6 ( ii ) a = 7 ( iii ) a = – 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
်ဖညးံစျကးပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1.If f ( x ) = 32x – 1 , find f ( 2 ) , f ( 1 ) , f ( 0 ) , f ( – 1 ) , f ( ),f( ),f( ),f( ),f( ),
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
𝟏
f( ).
𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans ; f ( 2 ) = 27 , f ( 1 ) = 3 , f ( 0 ) = ,f(–1)= , f( )=1 ,f( )=𝟑 ,
𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
f( )= ,f( )=𝟓 ,f( )=𝟑 ,f( )=𝟒
𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝟕 𝟔 𝟗 𝟖 𝟐𝟕
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2.If f ( x ) = 23x – 1, find f ( 2 ) , f ( 1 ) , f ( 0 ) , f ( – 1 ) , f ( ),f( ),f( ),f( ),f( ),
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
𝟏
f( ).
𝟖
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans ; f ( 2 ) = 32 , f ( 1 ) = 4 , f ( 0 ) = ,f(–1)= , f( )= 𝟐 ,f( )=1,
𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
f( )=𝟒 ,f( )=𝟓 ,f( )= ,f( )=𝟖
𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 𝟒 𝟔 𝟐 𝟖 𝟑𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
3.If f ( x ) = x x – 1, find f ( 2 ) , f ( 1 ) , f ( 0 ) , f ( – 1 ) , f ( – 2 ) , f ( – 3 ) , f ( ),f( ),f( ).
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans ; f ( 2 ) = 2 , f ( 1 ) = 1 , f ( 0 ) =  R , f ( –1 ) = 1 , f ( –2 ) = – , f(–3)= ,
𝟎 𝟖 𝟖𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟒
f( )= 𝟐 ,f( )= 𝟗 ,f( )= 𝟔𝟒 ,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏
3.If f ( x ) = x x – 2, find f ( 2 ) , f ( 1 ) , f ( 0 ) , f ( – 1 ) , f ( – 2 ) , f ( – 3 ) , f ( ),f( ).
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Ans ; f ( 2 ) = 0 , f ( 1 ) = 1 , f ( 0 ) =  R , f ( –1 ) = – 1 , f ( –2 ) = , f(–3)=– ,
𝟎 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
f( )= 𝟖 ,f( ) = 𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟐 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. If the function f : R  R be defined as
( a ) f ( x ) = 3 3x – 1, then find b ∈ R such that f ( b ) = 243 . Ans ; b = 2
𝟏 𝟏
( b ) f ( x ) = 6 x – 3, then find a ∈ R such that f ( 2a ) = . Ans ; a =
𝟑𝟔 𝟐
𝟏
( c ) f ( x ) = 5 7x – 3, then find k ∈ R such that f ( 3k ) = . Ans ; k = 0
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟏
(d)f(x)= , then find z ∈ R such that f ( z ) = 81 . Ans ; z = – 5
𝟑𝒙+𝟏
𝟏 𝒕
(e)f(x)= , then find t ∈ R such that f ( ) = 16 . Ans ; t = – 6
𝟐𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟔
𝟐𝟕 𝟏
(f)f(x)= , then find x ∈ R such that f ( x ) = . Ans ; x = 7
𝟑𝒙 𝟖𝟏
𝟑𝟐 𝟏
(g)f(x)= , then find x ∈ R such that f ( x ) = . Ans ; x = 2
𝟐𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟖
𝟐𝟓
(h)f(x)= , then find x ∈ R such that f ( x ) = 125 . Ans ; x = 2
𝟓𝟒−𝟐𝒙
𝟗
(i)f(x)= , then find x ∈ R such that f ( x ) = 1. Ans ; x = 5
𝟑𝟐𝒙−𝟖
𝟕𝟑𝒙−𝟒
(j)f(x)= , then find x ∈ R such that f ( x ) = 1. Ans ; x = 2
𝟒𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exponential function Problems
5. Let the function h : R  R be given by h : x ↦ 2 x , ( i ) What are the images of f ( x ) ,
2 g( x ) + 1. ( ii ) Show that h ( x + 6 ) – h ( x + 4 ) – 48 h ( x ) = 0
Solution
(i) h(x)=2x
h(f(x))=2f(x)
h ( 2g ( x ) + 1 ) = 2 2g ( x ) + 1
( ii ) h ( x + 6 ) – 256 h ( x – 4 ) – 48 h ( x )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
= 2 x + 6 – 256 ( 2 x – 4 ) – 48 ( 2 x )
𝟐𝒙
= 2 6 ( 2 x ) – 256 ( 𝟒 ) – 48 ( 2 x )
𝟐
x 𝟐𝒙
= 64 ( 2 ) – 256 ( ) – 48 ( 2 x ) = 64 ( 2 x ) – 16 ( 2 x ) – 48 ( 2 x )
𝟏𝟔
x x
= ( 64 – 16 – 48 )( 2 ) = 0( 2 ) = 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2x + 1
6. Let the function h : R  R be given by h : x ↦ 3 , ( i ) What are the images of
f ( k ) , 2 g( k ) + 1. ( ii ) Verified that h ( x + 2 ) + h ( x + 1 ) – 90 h ( x ) = 0
Solution
2x + 1
(i) h(x)= 3
h ( f ( x ) ) = 3 2f ( x ) + 1
2( 2g ( x ) + 1 ) + 1 4g(x) +2+1 4g(x) +3
h ( 2g ( x ) + 1 ) = 3 =3 =3
( ii ) h ( x + 2 ) + h ( x + 1 ) – 90 h ( x )
= 3 2( x + 2 ) + 1 + 3 2( x +1 ) + 1 – 90 ( 3 2x + 1 )
= 3 2x + 4 + 1 + 3 2x + 2 + 1 – 90 ( 3 2x )( 3 ) = 3 2x + 5 + 3 2x + 3 + 270 ( 3 2x )
= ( 3 5 )( 3 2x ) + ( 3 3 )( 3 2x ) – 270 ( 3 2x ) = 243( 3 2x ) + 27( 3 2x ) – 270 ( 3 2x )
= ( 270 – 270 ) ( 3 2x ) = 0 ( 3 2x ) = 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Let the function f : R  R be given by f ( x ) = 23x .
Verified that f ( x + 2 ) + f ( x + 1 ) = 90 f ( x )
Solution
L.H.S = h ( x + 2 ) + h ( x + 1 ) = 3 2( x + 2 ) + 1 + 3 2( x +1 ) + 1 = 3 2x + 4 + 1 + 3 2x + 2 + 1
= 32x + 5+ 3 2x + 3 = ( 35 )( 32x ) + ( 33 )( 32x ) = 243( 32x ) + 27( 32x ) = 270( 32x )
R.H.S = 90 h ( x ) = 90 ( 3 2x + 1 ) = 90 ( 3 2x )( 3 ) = 270 ( 3 2x ) =
 L.H.S = R.H.S
 f ( x + 2 ) + f ( x + 1 ) = 90 f ( x )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Constant function Problems
1.If f is a function f : R  { 2 ) defined by f ( x ) = 2. What are the image of 0 , 1 , 2, 𝟑 , 2x ,
3x , g ( x ) , h ( x ) + 3 . Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function
Solution
f(x)=2
f ( 0 ) = 2 , f ( 1 ) = 2 , f ( 2 ) = 2 , f ( 𝟑 ) = 2 , f ( 2x ) = 2 , f ( 3x ) = 2
f(g(x))=2 , f(h(x)+3)=2
Range of the function = { y / y = 2 }
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If a constant function f is defined by f ( x ) = log 3 . What are the image of 3 , 6 , log 3 ,
log 6. Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function
Ans ; f ( 3 ) = log 3 , f ( 6 ) = log 3 , f ( log 3 ) = log 3 , f ( log 6 ) = log 3
Range of the function = { y / y = log 3 }

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. If a constant function f is defined by f ( x ) = k + 3 . What are the image of 2k ,
k + 3 , k + 6 . Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function
Ans ; f ( 2k ) = k + 3 , f ( k + 3 ) = k + 3 , f ( k + 6 ) = k + 3
Range of the function = { y = f ( x ) / y = k + 3 }
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radical function Problems
1. A function f : R  R is given that f ( x ) = 𝒙 where x ∈ R .
( i ) State the value of x at which the function f is not defined.
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငး not defined ်ဖစးေစမညးံ x တနးဖို့အာ့ ေဖား်ပပါ။ )
𝟏
( iii ) What are the images of , 3,4,g(x),h(x)+1
𝟒
Solution
f ( x ) အာ့ unefined ်ဖစးေစသညးံ
f(x)= 𝒙 ,x 0
( i ) The function f is not defined where x < 0 x တနးဖို့မြာ တိက္ေသာတနးဖို့တစးခုခု
မဟုတးပဲ ( ဥပမာ x = 1 )
x  0 ၌ f ( x ) သညး defined ်ဖစးလ္ြငး ၾကာ့ပိုငး့တစးခ(ု ဥပမာ x < 0 )
x < 0 ၌ not defined ်ဖစးသညး။ ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ where ဆိုေသာ
preposition သာ သုဵ့ရပါမညး။
( ii ) The domain of the function = { x / x ∈ R , x  0 }
at ဆိုေသာ preposition
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 လုဵ့ဝ လုဵ့ဝ လုဵ့ဝ မသုဵ့ရပါ။
( iii ) f ( ) = 𝟒 = 
𝟒 𝟐
f(3)= 𝟑
f(4)= 𝟒 =2
f ( g ( x )) = 𝐠( 𝒙 ) , where g ( x )  0
f ( h ( x ) + 1 ) = 𝒉 ( 𝒙 ) + 𝟏 , where h ( x )  – 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. A function f is given that f ( x ) = 𝒙 − 𝟏 where x ∈ R .
( i ) State the value of x at which the function f is undefined.
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငး undefined ်ဖစးေစမညးံ x တနးဖို့အာ့ ေဖား်ပပါ။ )
( iii ) What are the images of 10 , 4x2, a2 – 2a + 2 , g ( x – 1 ) , h ( 2x + 3 ) + 1
Solution
f(x)= 𝒙−𝟏 ,x 1
( i ) The function f is undefined where x < 1
x  1 ၌ f ( x ) သညး defined ်ဖစးလ္ြငး x < 1 ၌ undefined ်ဖစးသညး။
( ii ) The domain of the function = { x / x ∈ R , x  1 }
( iii ) f ( 10 ) = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 =  3
f ( 4x2 ) = 𝟒𝒙𝟐 = ( 𝟐𝒙 )𝟐 =  2x
f ( a2 – 2a + 2 ) = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟏 = (𝒂 − 𝟏)𝟐 =  ( a – 1 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( g ( x – 1 )) = 𝐠 𝒙 − 𝟏 − 𝟏 , where g ( x – 1 )  1
f ( h( 2x + 3 ) + 1 ) = 𝒉 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 + 𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝒉 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 , where h( 2x + 3 )  0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Step function Problems
x2 , if x>2
1. Let the function h : R  R be defined by h ( x ) = x , if – 2  x  2
3 – 2x , if x<–2
Find h (– 4 ) , h (– 3 ) , h(–2 ) , h (– 1 ) , h ( 0 ) , h ( 1 ) , h( 2 ) , h ( 3 ) , h ( 4 ).
Solution
for h (– 4 ) , h (– 3 ) , x < – 2
 h ( x ) = 3 – 2x , for x < – 2
h (–4 ) = 3 + 8 = 11 , h (–3 ) = 3 + 6 = 9
for h(–2 ) , h (– 1 ) , h ( 0 ) , h ( 1 ) , h( 2 ) , – 2  x  2
 h ( x ) = x , for – 2  x  2
h( –2 ) = –2 , h( –1 ) = –1 , h(0) =0, h(1) =1, h(2) =2
for h ( 3 ) , h ( 4 ) , x > 2
 h ( x ) = x2 , for x > 2
h ( 3 ) = 9 , h ( 4 ) = 16
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 + x2 , if x>3
Let the function f : R  R be defined by f(x)= 2x , if – 1  x  3
3 – x , if x<–1
Find f (– 3 ) , f(–2 ) , f (– 1 ) , f ( 0 ) , h ( 1 ) , f( 2 ) , f ( 3 ) , f ( 4 ) , f ( 5 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modulus function Problems
1. If the function g is defined g ( x ) = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏 , find g ( – 2 ) , g ( – 1 ) , g ( 1 ) , g ( 2 )
Solution
g ( x ) = 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏
g ( – 2 ) = −𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 = −𝟏𝟏 = 11
g ( – 1 ) = −𝟓 − 𝟏 = −𝟔 = 6
g(1) = 𝟓−𝟏 = 𝟒 =4
g ( 2 ) = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏 = 𝟗 = 9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The function f is defined f ( x ) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 . If f ( x ) = x , find x.
Solution
f ( x ) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙
f(x)=x
 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 = x
5x – 2x2 = x ( or ) 2x2 – 5x = x
4x – 2x2 = 0 ( or ) 2x2 – 6x = 0
2x – x2 = 0 ( or ) x2 – 3x = 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
x( 2 – x ) = 0 ( or ) x( x – 3 ) = 0
x = – 2 ( or ) x = 0 ( or ) x = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. The function f is defined f ( x ) = 𝒙 − 𝒂 + b . If f ( 3 ) = 3 and f (–1 ) = 3, find a and b.
Solution
f(x)= 𝒙−𝒂 +b
f(3)=3
 𝟑−𝒂 +b=3
–3+a+b=3
a+b=6
3–a+b=3
–a+b=0
 2b = 6 and b = 3
f(x)= 𝒙−𝒂 +3
f (–1 ) = 3
−𝟏 − 𝒂 + 3 = 3
−𝟏 − 𝒂 = 0
1 + a = 0 ( or ) – 1 – a = 0
a=–1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The function f is defined f ( x ) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 + b . If f ( 3 ) = 3 and f ( x ) = 8 , find x.
Solution
f ( x ) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐
f(x)=8
 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 = 8
– 3x + 2 = 8 ( or ) 3x – 2 = 8
𝟏𝟎
 x = – 2 ( or ) x =
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logarithemic function Problems
log ဂုဏးသတၱိမ္ာ့
ထပးညႊနး့ပုဵစဵ
power ( or ) exponent
3
8=2
base
ထပးညႊနး့ပုဵစဵမြ log ပုဵစသ
ဵ ို႔
3
8=2
log 8=3
2
power ေအာကးဆဲျခ္ base ကို log ေအာကးေ်ခပို႔
log ပုဵစဵမြ ထပးညႊနး့ပုဵစသ

ဵ ို႔
log 81 = 4
3
4
81 = 3

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
log ႏြငးံပတးသတး်ပီ့ သိထာ့ရမညးံ အခ္ကးမ္ာ့
* log10 3 ကို log 3 base 10 ( ေလာံ 3 ေဘံစး 10 ဟု ဖတးရမညး။ )
* log ေအာကးေ်ခ base ေနရာတျငး ဘာမြ မေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး base 10 ရြိသညးဟု သိရမညး။

ဥပမာ - log 3 = log 3
10
log ဂုဏးသတၱိမ္ာ့
L.3 - logb b = loga a = log3 3 = log10 10 = 1
( log နဲ႔ base တနးဖို့တူရငး အေ်ဖ 1 ယူေပ့ )
L.1 - log x + log y = log xy
p p p p
L.4 - log a = log b = log 3 = log 10 = p
( log ချဲ်ပီ့ေပါငး့ထာ့ရငး log တျဲ်ပီ့ေ်မြာကး ) a b 3 10
𝑥 ( log နဲ႔ base တနးဖို့တူရငး ပါဝါ ေအာကးခ္ )

L.2 - log x – log y = log ( )
𝑦
L.5 - logb ak = k logb a ( logb ak ≠ ( logb a )k )
( log ချဲ်ပီ့ႏႈတးထာ့ရငး log တျဲ်ပီ့ေ်မြာကး )
( log တနးဖို့မြာ ထပးညႊနး့ပါ ထပးညႊနး့ေရြ႕ပို႔ပါ )
log k a log n a log 3 a log 10 a

* L.6 - logb a = log b = log b = log b = log b = …
k n 3 10
1
* L.7 - logb a = log b
a
( log နဲ႔ base နဲ႔ change လိုက one by ခဵ်ပီ့ change လို႔ရ )
1
* L.8 - log . n. a = 𝑛 logb a
b
( base မြာ ပါဝါ ပါတဲံခါ one by ခဵ်ပီ့ ေရြ႕ပို႔ပါ။ )
log x log x log x log x
* L.9 - x = b
b =a a =y y =n n = ……..
( ထပးညႊနး့သညး log ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးေန်ပီ့ ထပးညႊနး့ log ၏ base တနးဖို့ ႏြငးံ
ေအာကးေ်ခ base တနးဖို့ တူေနလ္ြငး ထပးညႊနး့ log တနးဖို့ ေအာကးခ္ )
log x log x
* L.10 - b a =a b
( ထပးညႊနး့ log ၏ base တနးဖို့ ႏြငးံ ေအာကးေ်ခ base တနးဖို့တို႔
ေနရာခ္ငး့ change လို႔ရ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Example 7. Let the domain of a unction L be the set of positive real numbers , and let the
codomain be R. Let the function be described by L ( x ) = 1 + log x . Using your table , find
+
to three significant figures ; ( i ) the image of 12 ( ii ) a ∈ R such that L ( a ) = 2.5
( iii )State the domain , codomain and range of the function.
Solution
(i) L ( x ) = 1 + log x
L ( 12 ) = 1 + log 12 = 1 + 1.0792 = 2.0792 = 2.08 , to three significant figures
( ii ) L ( a ) = 2.5
1 + log a = 2.5
log a = 1.5
a = antilog 1.5 = 31.62 = 31.6 , to three significant figures
( iii ) Domain of function L = { x / x ∈ R , x > 0 } , Codomain = R , Range = { y / y ∈ R }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise ( 1.3 )
1. Let the domain of a unction L be the set of positive real numbers , and let the codomain
be R. Let the function be given by L ( x ) = log10 ( x + 1 ) . Find , to four significant figures ;
( i ) the image of 5 , 12 , 50. ( ii ) a such that L ( a ) = 2.5
( iii )State the domain , codomain and range of the function.
Solution
(i) L ( x ) = log10 ( x + 1 )
L ( 5 ) = log 10( 5 + 1 ) = log 10 6 = 0.7782 , to four significant figures
L ( 12 ) = log 10( 12 + 1 ) = log 10 13 = 1.1139 = 1.114 , to four significant figures
L ( 50 ) = log 10( 50 + 1 ) = log 10 51 = 1.7076 = 1.708 , to four significant figures
( ii ) L ( a ) = 2.5
log 10 ( a + 1 ) = 2.5
a + 1 = antilog 2.5 = 316.2
a = 316.2 – 1 = 315.4 , to four significant figures
( iii ) Domain of function L = { x / x ∈ R , x > – 1 }

Codomain = R
Range = { y / y ∈ R }
To be careful , 316.229 – 0.01 = 316.219

316.229 – 0.1 = 316.129
316.229 – 1 = 315.229
316.229 – 10 = 306.229
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. If function f is defined by f ( x ) = 1 + log10 x , find f ( 2.5 )to three significant figures.
Find also the value of b for which f ( b ) = 0.3.
Solution
f( x ) = 1 + log10 x

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( 2.5 ) = 1 + log 2.5 = 1 + 0.3977 = 1.3977 = 1.40 , to three significant figures
10
f ( b ) = 0.3
1 + log b = 0.3
10
log10 b = 0.3 – 1 = 𝟏.3
b = antilog 𝟏.3 = 0.1995 = 0.200 , to three significant figures
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Find the real value “a” given that f ( a ) = 3 for the following functions
( i ) f ( x ) = log x + 1 ( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( x + 1 ) ( iii ) f ( x ) = log x2+ log x
3 2
( iv ) f ( x ) = 2 log x + log x ( v ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 ( vi ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 1
( vii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 𝟏 ( viii ) f ( x ) = log100 𝒙 ( ix ) f ( x ) = logx 3
Solution
( i ) f ( x ) = log x + 1
f(a)=3
log a + 1 = 3
log a = 2
a = antilog 2.0000 = 100 ( or ) 102 = 100
( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( x + 1 )
f(a)=3
log ( a + 1 ) = 3
a + 1 = antilog 3.0000 = 1000 ( or ) 103 = 1000
a = 999
( iii ) f ( x ) = log x2+ log x = log ( x2 x x ) = log x3 = 3 log x

f(a)=3
3 log a = 3
log a = 1 , a = 0
( iv ) f ( x ) = 2 log x3 + log x2 = 6 log x + 2 log x = 8 log x

f(a)=3
8 log a = 3
𝟑
log a = = 0.375
𝟖
a = antilog 0.3750 = 2.371
𝟏
𝟏
( v ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 = log 𝒙 𝟐. = log x
𝟐
f(a)=3
𝟏
log a = 3
𝟐
log a = 6
a = 10 6 =1000000 ( ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ သုညအေရအတျကး တူသညး။ )
( vi ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 1
f(a)=3
𝟏
𝟏
log 𝒂 + 1 = log 𝒂 𝟐. + 1 = log a + 1 = 3
𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
log a = 2
𝟐
log a = 4
a = 10 4 =10000 ( ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ သုညအေရအတျကး တူသညး။ )
𝟏
𝟏
( vii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 𝟏 = log ( 𝒙 + 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log ( x + 1 )
𝟐
f(a)=3
𝟏
log ( a + 1 ) = 3
𝟐
log ( a + 1 ) = 6
( a + 1 ) = 10 6 =1000000 ( ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ သုညအေရအတျကး တူသညး။ )
a = 999999
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
( viii ) f ( x ) = log100 𝒙 = log 2
( 𝒙 + 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log 10 ( 𝒙 + 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log ( x + 1 )
10 𝟐 𝟒
f(a)=3
𝟏
log ( a + 1 ) = 3
𝟒
log ( a + 1 ) = 12
( a + 1 ) = 10 12 =1000000000000 ( ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ သုညအေရအတျကး တူသညး။ )
a = 999999999999
𝟏 𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
( ix ) f ( x ) = logx 3 = = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 =
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟑
f(a)=3
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
=3
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟎.𝟒𝟕𝟕𝟏
log x = = = 0.1590
𝟑 𝟑
x = antilog 0.1590 = 1.442
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Find the real value “a” given that f ( a ) = 2.05 for the following functions
( i ) f ( x ) = log x – 1 ( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( x – 1 ) ( iii ) f ( x ) = log x3+ log x
3 2 𝟑
( iv ) f ( x ) = log x + 2 log x ( v ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 ( vi ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 3
( vii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 𝟏 ( viii ) f ( x ) = log100 𝒙 ( ix ) f ( x ) = logx 3
Solution
( i ) f ( x ) = log x – 1
f ( a ) = 2.05
log a – 1 = 2.05
log a = 3.05
a = antilog 3.0500 = 1122
( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( x – 1 )
f ( a ) = 2.05
log ( a – 1 ) = 2.05
a – 1 = antilog 2.0500 = 112.2
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
a = 113.2
( iii ) f ( x ) = log x3+ log x = log ( x3 x x ) = log x4 = 4 log x

f ( a ) = 2.05
4 log a = 2.05
log a = 0.5125
a = antilog 0.5125 = 3.255
( iv ) f ( x ) = log x3 + 2 log x2 = 3 log x + 4 log x = 7 log x

f ( a ) = 2.05
7 log a = 2.05
𝟐.𝟎𝟓
log a = = 0.2929
𝟕
a = antilog 0.2929 = 1.963
𝟏
𝟏
( v ) f ( x ) = log 𝟑 𝒙 = log 𝒙 𝟑. = log x
𝟑
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟏
log a = 2.05
𝟑
log a = 6.15
a = antilog 6.1500 = 1413000
( vi ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 + 3
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟏
𝟏
log 𝒂 + 3 = log 𝒂 𝟐. + 3 = log a + 3 = 2.05
𝟐
𝟏
log a = –0.95
𝟐
log a = – 1.9 = – 2 + 0.1 ( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ အႏႈတးတနးဖို့ႏြငးံ အနီ့ဆုဵ့ကိနး့်ပညးံကို အႏႈတးတနးဖို့ယူ်ပီ့
ထိုကိနး့မြ မူရငး့တနးဖို့အာ့ ႏႈတး၍ ရသညးံတနးဖို့ ်ပနးေပါငး့ေပ့သညးံ ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့ )
log a = 𝟐.1000 ( ထိုကိနး့်ပညးံ အႏႈတးပုဵစဵအာ့ ဘာ့ ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့ )
a = antilog 𝟐.1000 = 0.01259 = 0.0126 ( ဘာ့တနးဖို့ တစးေလ္ြာံ၍ရသညးံ တနးဖို့အေရအတျကးအတိုငး့
ဒႆမႏြငးံ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့်ပညးံၾကာ့ သုညထညးံ )

𝟏
𝟏
( vii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 − 𝟏 = log ( 𝒙 − 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log ( x – 1 )
𝟐
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟏
log ( a – 1 ) = 2.05
𝟐
log ( a – 1 ) = 4.1
a – 1 = antilog 4.1000 = 12590
a = 12591
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
( viii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙 = log ( 𝒙 + 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log ( 𝒙 + 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log ( x + 1 )
100 2 𝟐 10 𝟒
10
f ( a ) = 2.05

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
log ( a + 1 ) = 2.05
𝟒
log ( a + 1 ) = 8.2
( a + 1 ) = antilog 8.2000 = 158500000
a = 158500001
𝟏 𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
( ix ) f ( x ) = log 3 = = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 =
x 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟑
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
= 2.05
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟎.𝟒𝟕𝟕𝟏
log x = = = 0.2327
𝟐.𝟎𝟓 𝟐.𝟎𝟓
x = antilog 0.2327 = 1.709
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Find the real value “a” given that f ( a ) = 2.05 for the following functions
𝟑
( i ) f ( x ) = log x +5 ( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( x + 0.1 ) ( iii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙𝟐
( iv )f ( x ) = log 𝒙 +5.02 ( v )f ( x ) = log ( 𝒙 + 𝟏 )𝟓 ( vi ) f ( x ) = log100 𝒙𝟑
( vii )f ( x ) = 4 +logx 3
Solution
( i ) f ( x ) = log x + 4
f ( a ) = 2.05
log a + 5 = 2.05
log a = – 2.95 = 0.05 – 3
a = antilog ( 0.05 – 3 ) = antilog𝟑.0500= 0.001122 = 0.0011
( ii ) f ( x ) = log ( x +0.1 )
f ( a ) = 2.05
log ( a +0.1 ) = 2.05
a +0.1 = antilog 2.0500 = 112.2
a = 112.19
𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
( iii ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙𝟐 = log𝒙 𝟑. = log x
𝟑
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟐
log a = 2.05
𝟑
log a = 3.075
a = antilog 3.0750 = 1189
( iv ) f ( x ) = log 𝒙+ 5.02
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟏
𝟏
log 𝒂 + 5.02 = log𝒂 𝟐. + 5.02 = log a + 5.02 = 2.05
𝟐
𝟏
log a = – 2.97 =
𝟐
log a = – 5.94 = – 6 + 0.06

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
a = antilog𝟔.0600 = 0.000001148 = 0.00000115
𝟓
𝟓
( v ) f ( x ) = log (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟓 = log( 𝒙 − 𝟏 ) 𝟐. = log ( x – 1 )
𝟐
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟓
log ( a – 1 ) = 2.05
𝟐
log ( a – 1 ) = 0.82
a – 1 = antilog0.8200 = 6.607
a = 7.607
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝟑
( vi )f ( x ) = log 𝒙𝟑 = log (𝒙+𝟏) . = log (𝒙+𝟏) . = log ( x + 1 )
100 2 𝟐 10 𝟒
10
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝟑
log ( a + 1 ) = 2.05
𝟒
log ( a + 1 ) = 2.7333
( a + 1 ) = antilog2.7333= 541.2
a = 540.2
𝟏 𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
( vii )f ( x ) = 4 + logx 3 = = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 =
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝟑
f ( a ) = 2.05
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
4+ = 2.05
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑
= 2.05 – 4 = – 1.95
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟎.𝟒𝟕𝟕𝟏
log x = =– = – 0.2447 = 0.7553 – 1
−𝟏.𝟗𝟓 𝟏.𝟗𝟓
x = antilog𝟏.7553 = 0.5693
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some other functions
Exercise ( 1.3 )
3. A function from A to A , where A is the set of positive integers , is gven by f ( x ) = the
sum of all possible divisors of x. ( a ) Find the value of ( a ) f ( 2 ) , f ( 5 ) , f ( 13 ) , f ( 18 )
( b ) Show that ( i ) f ( 14 ) = f ( 15 ) ( ii ) f ( 3 ) . f ( 5 ) = f ( 15 )
Solution
f ( x ) = the sum of all possible divisors of x
(a)f(2) = the sum of all possible divisors of 2 =1+2=3
f(5) = the sum of all possible divisors of 4 =1+5=6
f ( 13 ) = the sum of all possible divisors of 6 = 1 + 13 = 14
f ( 18 ) = the sum of all possible divisors of 12 = 1 + 18 + 2 + 9 + 3 + 6 = 39
( b ) ( i ) L.H.S = f ( 14 ) = the sum of all possible divisors of 14 = 1 + 14 + 2 + 7 = 24

R.H.S = f ( 15 ) = the sum of all possible divisors of 15 = 1 + 15 + 3 + 5 = 24
L.H.S = R.H.S
f ( 14 ) = f ( 15 )
( ii ) f ( 3 ) = the sum of all possible divisors of 3 = 1 + 3 = 4
f(5)=6

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
L.H.S = f ( 3 ) . f ( 5 ) = 4 . 6 = 24
R.H.S = f ( 15 ) = 24
L.H.S = R.H.S
f ( 3 ) . f ( 5 ) = f ( 15 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. A function f from A to A, where A is the set of positive integers, is given by f ( x ) = the
sum of all positive divisors of x.
( a ) find ( i ) f ( 1 ) ( ii ) f ( 4 ) ( iii ) f ( 9 ) ( iv ) f ( 16 ) ( v ) f ( 25 ) ( vi ) f ( 36 ) ( vi ) f ( 49 )
( b ) Find k ( i ) if f ( 15 ) = k2 + 8 ( ii ) f ( k2 + 1 ) = f ( 9 ) ( iii ) f ( x ) = x
Solution
f ( x ) = the sum of all positive divisors of
( a ) ( i ) f ( 1 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 1 = 1
( ii ) f ( 4 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 4 = 1 + 4 + 2 = 7
( 4 ကို ဆချဲကိနး့ချဲလ္ြငး 1 x 4 , 2 x 2 ဆုိသညးံ ေ်မြာကးလဒးအတျဲမ္ာ့ရလာမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ 2 x 2 ဆိုေသာ
ေ်မြာကးလဒးအတျဲတျငး 2 ႏြစးၾကိမးထပးေနသ်ဖငးံ တစးၾကိမးသာယူရပါမညး။ )
( iii ) f ( 9 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 9 = 1 + 9 + 3 = 13
( iv ) f ( 16 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 16 = 1 + 16 + 2 + 8 + 4 = 31
( v ) f ( 25 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 25 = 1 + 25 + 5 = 31
( vi ) f ( 36 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 36 = 1 + 36 + 2 + 18 + 3 + 12 + 4 + 9 + 6
= 91
( vi ) f ( 49 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 25 = 1 + 49 + 7 = 57
( b ) ( i ) f ( 15 ) = k2 + 8
f ( 15 ) = the sum of all positive divisors of 15 = 1 + 15 + 3 + 5 = 24
k2 + 8 = 24
k2 = 16
k=4
( f ( 15 ) ဆိုေသာ ေဖား်ပခ္ကးေလ့တျငး 15 သညး Domain ထဲတျငးရြိ်ပီ့ f ( 15 ) ေလ့သညး Codomain
ထဲတျငး ရြိသညး။ Domain ေရာ Codomain ပါ အစု A ်ဖစး်ပီ့ အစု A မြာ အေပါငး့ကိးနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
Domain ေရာ Codomain ပါ အေပါငး့ကိးနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု ်ဖစးသညးက၁ို ငး့ 15 ေရာ f ( 15 ) ပါ အေပါငး့
ို ငး့ သိထာ့ရမညး်ဖစးသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ f ( 15 ) တနးဖို့ ်ဖစးသညးံ k2 + 8 သညးလညး့
ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့်ဖစးရမညးက၁
အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံတစးခု ်ဖစးရပါမညး။ ကိနး့တစးခုသညး အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ဖစး်ဖစး အႏႈတးကိနး့်ဖစး်ဖစး ၁ငး့၏ ႏြစးထပး
ကိနး့မြာ အ်မဲတမး့ အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အထကးပါပုစာၦတျငး k တနးဖို့ အေပါငး့်ဖစး်ဖစး အႏႈတး်ဖစး်ဖစး k2 မြာ
အေပါငး့ကိနး့တစးခု်ဖစးသလို k2 + 8 မြာလညး့ အေပါငး့ကိနး့တစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ k တနးဖို့ အေပါငး့ေရာ အႏႈတးပါ ယူ
ချငးံရြိပါသညး။ )
( ii ) f ( k2 + 1 ) = f ( 9 )
k2 + 1 = 9
k2 = 8
k= 𝟖
( အထကးပါေမ့ချနး့တျငး f ( 9 ) ၏တနးဖို့အာ့ ထညးံစဥး့စာစရာမလိုသလို f ( 9 ) ၏တနးဖို့အာ့လညး့ ရြာေပ့ရနး
မလိုပါ။ ကျငး့အတျငး့ရြိ element တနးဖို့ႏြစးခု တနး့ညီ်ပီ့တျကးေပ့ရနးသာ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
( iii ) f ( x ) = x

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
There is only one element which satisfy f ( x ) = x for given function.
f(1)=1
x=1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Let N be the set of natural numbers. A function f from N to N is given by f ( x ) = the sum
of all factors of x.
( a ) Find ( i ) f ( 1 ) ( ii ) f ( 3 ) ( iii ) f ( 5 ) ( iv ) f ( 7 ) ( v ) f ( 9 ) ( vi ) f ( 11 )
( b ) ( i )if f ( 16 ) = 8p – 9 , then find f ( p2 ) ( ii ) if f ( 11 ) = 4p – 16 , then find f ( p2 + 1 )
Solution
f ( x ) = the sum of all factors of x
( a )( i ) f ( 1 ) = the sum of all factors of 1 = 1
( ii ) f ( 3 ) = the sum of all factors of 3 = 1 + 3 = 4
( iii ) f ( 5 ) = the sum of all factors of 5 = 1 + 5 = 6
( iv ) f ( 7 ) = the sum of all factors of 5 = 1 + 7 = 8
( v ) f ( 9 ) = the sum of all factors of 9 = 1 + 9 + 3 = 13
( vi ) f ( 11 ) = the sum of all factors of 11 = 1 + 11 = 12
( b ) ( i )if f ( 16 ) = 8p – 9 , f ( p2 ) = ?
f ( 16 ) = 8p – 9
f ( 16 ) = the sum of all factors of x = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31
 8p – 9 = 31
8p = 40 and p = 5
p2 = 52 = 25
 f ( p2 ) = f ( 25 ) = 1 + 5 + 25 = 31
( ii ) if f ( 11 ) = 4p – 16 , then find f ( p2 + 1 )
12 = 4p – 16
4p = 28
p=7
p2 + 1 = 72 + 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
f ( p2 + 1 ) = f ( 50 ) = 1 + 50 + 2 + 25 + 5 + 10 = 83
အထကးပါ function အမ္ဳိ့အစာ့မ္ာ့အတျကး Domain မြာ

( i ) Natural Numbers ( ii ) Positive Integers ( iii ) Negative Integers အစုသုဵ့စုသာ
်ဖစးချငးံရြိပါသညး။ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ Domain အစုထဲတျငး သုည ( 0 ) ႏြငးံ အပိုငး့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ ပါချငးံ မရြိသ်ဖငးံ
Domain အစုသညး ( i ) Whole Numbers ( ii ) Rational Numbers ( iii ) Real Numbers
အစုမ္ာ့်ဖစးချငးံမရြိပါ။ဥပမာအေန်ဖငးံ Domain အ်ဖစး Whole Numbers အစုအာ့ ယူမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
အစုွငးတစးခု်ဖစးသညးံ 0 အတျကးဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတနးဖို့ေလ့မြာ f ( 0 ) = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + …….
တိက္သညးံ တနးဖို့ သတးမြတးလို႔မရသညးံ ်ပႆနာ ရြိလာမညး ်ဖစးေသာေၾကာငးံ ်ဖစးပါသညး။ Codomain
မြာမူ Real Numbers အစု ်ဖစးချငးံ ရြိပါသညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Let N be the set of natural numbers. A function f from N to N is given by f ( x ) = the
product of all factors of x.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( b ) ( i )if f ( 11 ) = 4p – 9 , then find f ( p2 ) ( ii ) if f ( 7 ) = 6p – 11 , then find f ( p2 + 1 )
Solution
f ( x ) = the product of all factors of x
( a )( i ) f ( 1 ) = the product of all factors of 1 = 1
( ii ) f ( 3 ) = the product of all factors of 3 = 1 x 3 = 3
( iii ) f ( 5 ) = the product of all factors of 5 = 1 x 5 = 5
( iv ) f ( 7 ) = the product of all factors of 5 = 1 x 7 = 7
( v ) f ( 9 ) = the product of all factors of 9 = 1 x 9 x 3 = 27
( vi ) f ( 11 ) = the product of all factors of 11 = 1 x 11 = 11
( b ) ( i )if f ( 11 ) = 4p – 9 , f ( p2 ) = ?
11 = 4p – 9
 4p = 20
p=5
p2 = 52 = 25
 f ( p2 ) = f ( 25 ) = the product of all factors of 25 = 1 x 5 x 25 = 125
( ii ) if f ( 7 ) = 6p – 11 , f ( p2 + 1 ) = ?
7 = 6p – 11
6p = 18
p=3
p2 + 1 = 32 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10
f ( p2 + 1 ) = f ( 10 ) = the product of all factors of 10 = 1 x 10 x 2 x 5 = 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. A function f : J  J is given by f ( x ) = two times the product of all factors of x , where J
is the set of positive integers.
( b ) ( i ) if f ( 8 ) = 2p2 + 110 , find f ( 2p – 1 ) ( ii ) if f ( 6 ) = 2p2 , find f ( p + 9 )
( iii ) if f ( 4 ) = 3p2 – 11 , find f ( p + 1 )
Solution
f ( x ) = two times the product of all factors of x
( a )( i ) f ( 2 ) = two times the product of all factors of 2 = 2 ( 1 x 2 ) = 4
( ii ) f ( 4 ) = two time the product of all factors of 4 = 2 ( 1 x 4 x 2 ) = 16
( iii ) f ( 6 ) = two times the product of all factors of 6 = 2 ( 1 x 6 x 2 x 3 ) = 72
( iv ) f ( 8 ) = two times the product of all factors of 8 = 2 ( 1 x 8 x 2 x 4 ) = 128
( v ) f ( 10 ) = two times the product of all factors of 10 = 2 ( 1 x 10 x 2 x 5 ) = 200
( vi ) f ( 12 ) = two times the product of all factors of 12 = 2 ( 1 x 12 x 2 x 6 x 3 x 4 ) = 3456
(b)
( i )if f ( 8 ) = 2p2 + 110 , f ( 2p – 1 ) = ? Domain သညး အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု
128 = 2p2 + 110 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ Domain ထဲရြိ 2p – 1 သညး
 2p2 = 128 – 110 = 18 အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံတစးခု်ဖစးရမညး ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
p2 = 9 , p =  3 p = – 3 ်ဖစးပါက 2p – 1 = – 7 ်ဖစးလာေသာ
p = 3 ( or ) p = – 3 ( reject because of 2p – 1 ∈ J )
ေၾကာငးံ p = – 3 ကိုပယးရပါမညး။
p=3
2p – 1 = 2 ( 3 ) – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
 f ( 2p – 1 ) = f ( 5 ) = two times the product of all factors of 5 = 2 ( 1 x 5 ) = 10
( ii )if f ( 6 ) = 2p2 , f ( p + 9 ) = ?
72 = 2p2
 p2 = 36
p=6
p = 6 ( or ) p = – 6
 p + 9 = 6 + 9 = 15 ( or ) p + 9 = – 6 + 9 = 3
 f ( p + 9 ) = f ( 15 ) = two times the product of all factors of 15 = 2 ( 1 x 15 x 3 x 5 ) = 450
( or )
f ( p + 9 ) = f ( 3 ) = two times the product of all factors of 3 = 2 ( 1 x 3 ) = 6
( အထကးပါေမ့ချနး့တျငး p တနးဖို့မြာ အေပါငး့ေရာ အႏႈတးပါ ်ဖစးေနေသားလညး့ p + 9 တျငး အစာ့သျငး့သညးံအခါ
အေပါငး့တနးဖို့ခ္ညးံသာရသ်ဖငးံ p တနးဖို့မြာ အေပါငး့ေရာအႏႈတးပါယူချငးံရြိပါသညး။ဤေမ့ချနး့အတျကး p တနးဖို့မြာ
conditional ်ဖစးသညးကိုေတာံ သတိထာ့ရပါမညး။ )
( iii ) if f ( 4 ) = 3p2 – 11 , f ( p + 1 ) = ?
3p2 – 11 = 4
3p2 = 15 , p2 = 5
p= 𝟓
p+1= 𝟓+1
There is no element such as p + 1 =  𝟓 + 1 in the domain .
( 𝟓 သညး အေပါငး့်ဖစး်ဖစးအႏႈတး်ဖစး်ဖစး အီရာရြငးနယးကိနး့တစးခု်ဖစးသလို 𝟓 + 𝟏 သညးလညး့ အီရာရြငး
နယးကိနး့တစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ 𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 ထဲတျငးမပါွငးသ်ဖငးံ 𝟓 + 𝟏 ဆိုသညးံ 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 မြာ
𝒅𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏 ထဲတျငး မရြိပါ။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. A function f : J  J is given by f ( x ) = three times the sum of all diviors of x , where J is
the set of positive integers.
( b ) ( i ) if f ( 8 ) = p2 , find f ( p + 1 ) ( ii ) if f ( 6 ) = 2p2 , find f ( p + 9 )
( iii ) if f ( 7 ) = 5p + 11 , find f ( p2 + 1 )
Solution
f ( x ) = three times the sum of all diviors of x
( a ) ( i ) f ( 1 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 1 = 3 ( 1 ) = 3
( ii ) f ( 3 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 3 = 3 ( 1 + 3 ) = 12
( iii ) f ( 5 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 5 = 3 ( 1 + 5 ) = 18
( iv ) f ( 7 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 7 = 3 ( 1 + 7 ) = 24
( v ) f ( 9 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 9 = 3 ( 1 + 9 + 3 ) = 39
( vi ) f ( 11 ) = = three times the sum of all diviors of 11 = 3 ( 1 + 11 ) = 36
(b)
( i ) if f ( 8 ) = p2 , f ( p + 1 ) = ?
f ( 8 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 8 = 3 ( 1 + 8 + 2 + 4 ) = 45
p2 = 45
p =  𝟒𝟓 =  𝟑𝟐 𝐱 𝟓 =  3 𝟓
p+1= 3 𝟓+1J
There is no element such as p + 1 =  3 𝟓 + 1 in the domain

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( ii ) if f ( 9 ) = p2 + 3 , f ( 3 – p ) = ?
p2 + 3 = 39
 p2 = 36
p=6
p = 6 ( or ) p = – 6
 3 – p = 3 – (– 6 ) = 3 + 6 = 9 ( or ) 3 – p = 3 –6 = – 3  J
 3 – p = 9 only
 f ( 3 – p ) = f ( 9 ) = 39
( iii ) if f ( 7 ) = 5p + 11 , f ( p2 + 1 ) = ?
5p +11 = 24
5p = 35 , p = 7
p2 = 72 = 49
p2 + 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
f ( p2 + 1 ) = f ( 50 ) = three times the sum of all diviors of 50 = 3 ( 1 + 50 + 2 + 25 + 5 + 10 )
= 3 ( 93 ) = 273
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trigonometric functions ( ႀတီဂို ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ )
ႀတိဂဵဆိုသညးမြာ အနာ့သုဵ့နာ့၊ေထာငးံသုဵ့ေထာငးံရြိေသာပုဵသ႑ာနးမ္ာ့်ဖစးသညးကို လူတိုငး့သိ်ပီ့်ဖစးသညး။ အနာ့

သုဵ့နာ့အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့စာ့သညးံအခါ အခ္ဳိ့ေ်ခာကးခ္ဳိ့ရလာသညး။ ႀတိဂဵမ္ာ့မြာ ပုဵစဵအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ ( ဥပမာ ( 1 ) သုဵ့နာ့လုဵ့
မညီေသာ ႀတိဂဵ ( 2 ) ႏြစးနာ့ညီ ႀတိဂဵ ( 3 ) သုဵ့နာ့ညီ ႀတိဂဵ စသညး်ဖငံး ) ပုဵစဵအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ ရြိၾကသညးံအနကး
ေထာငးံမြနးႀတိဂဵမ္ာ့တျငး အဆိုပါ အခ္ဳိ့ေ်ခာကးခ္ဳးိ့တနးဖို့မြာ အ်မဲတမး့ ကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေနေသာ ဂုဏးသတၱိ ရြိသညးကို
သိထာ့ရပါမညး။ ထိုသို႔ ေထာငးမြနးႀတိဂဵမ္ာ့၏ ကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေနေသာ အခ္ဳိ့ ေ်ခာကးခ္ဳိ့ကို ႀတီဂို အခ္ဳိ့ ေ်ခာကးခ္ဳိ့ဟု
ေခၚပါသညး။ အဆိုပါ အခ္ဴိ့ေ်ခာကးခ္ဳိ့အာ့ ဖနးရြငးပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေရ့လ္ြငး
𝑶𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒙
Sine functions  f ( x ) = sin x =
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒙
𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒙
Cosine functions  f ( x ) = cos x =
Tangent functions  f ( x ) = tan x =
Cotengent function  f ( x ) = cot x =
Secant function  f ( x ) = sec x =
Cosecant function  f ( x ) = cosec x =
𝑶𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒙
ထိုမြ အဆိုပါ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ပုဵစဵအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ ေပါငး့စပးယူ်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ေနာကးထပး မေရမတျကးႏိုငးေသာ ဖနးရြငး အမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့
်ဖစးေပၚလာပါသညး။ ဥပမာ - f ( x ) = sin 2 x , f ( x ) = sin x + tan x , f ( x ) = cot 2 x + 2 sec x
အထူ့အထူ့အထူ့ သတိထာ့ရမညးံအခ္ကးမြာေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ႀတီဂိုဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ေအာကးတျငရလာေသာ

း
အေ်ဖတနးဖ ို့သညး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာေထာငးံ၏ တနးဖ ို့မဟုတးပ ဲ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာေထာငးံကို ခဵေ ဆာငးသညးံ
အနာ့ႏြစ းခ ု၏ ကိန း့ေသ်ဖစးေ နေသာ အခ္ဳိ့တနးဖ ို့သာ ်ဖစးေ ၾကာငး့နာ့လညးထာ့ရမညး
အခ္ကး
ံ ပဲ
်ဖစးပ ါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ဥပမာအာ့်ဖငးံ f ( 30˚ ) = sin 30˚ = 0.5000 ဆိုေသာ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတျငး 0.5000 ဆိုေသာတနးဖို့မြာ
30˚ေထာငးံ၏ တနးဖို့မဟုတးပဲ 30˚ေထာငးံက ခဵေဆာငးထာ့သညးံ မ္ကးႏြာခ္ငး့ဆိုငးအနာ့ ( opposite side )ႏြငးံ
ေထာငးံမြနးခဵအနာ့ ( hypotenuse side )တို႔၏ ကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေနေသာ အခ္ဳိ့တနးဖို့သာ ်ဖစးပါသညး။
Trigonometry၏ သေဘာတရာ့အက္ယးကို သကးဆိုငးရာအခနး့တျငး ဆကးလကးေလံလာၾကမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ ယခု
ေလာေလာဆယး ဤအခနး့တျငး သကးဆိုငးရာ ေဖား်မဴလာမ္ာ့၊ ဂုဏးသတၱိမ္ာ့ ႏြငးံ ကနး႔သတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကိုသာ တငး်ပ
ေပ့ပါမညး။ ႀတီဂိုဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ေထာငံးတနးဖို့အာ့ ေဖား်ပသညးံ ယူနစး ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ရြိသညး။
၁ငး့တို႔မြာ ( 1 ) Degree unit ႏြငးံ ( 2 ) Radian unit တို႔ ်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာပုစာၦ၏ေတာငး့ဆိုခ္ကးအလိကး
ု သကးဆိုငးရာယူနစးအမ္ဳိ့ အစာ့ကို သုဵ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။
Six Trigonometric ratios
sin cos tan cot sec cosec
The ratio of 𝑂 𝐴 𝑂 𝐴 𝐻 𝐻
𝐻 𝐻 𝐴 𝑂 𝐴 𝑂
where  is respective bearing angle.
Inversely formula
𝟏 𝟏
sin  = , cosec  =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄  𝒔𝒊𝒏 
𝟏 𝟏
cos  = , sec  =
𝒔𝒆𝒄  𝒄𝒐𝒔 
𝟏
tan=
𝒄𝒐𝒕 
𝟏
cot  =
𝒕𝒂𝒏 
sin  cos  tan  cot  sec  cosec 
cos  Squaringformula
tan  sin2 + cos2= 1
sec2 – tan2 =1
cot 
cosec2 – cost2 = 1
sec 
Co ပါတာ အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့တျC
ဲ o မပါတာ အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့တျဲ
cosec  ေအာကးထဲက အေပၚႏႈတး 1 နဲ႔ ညီေပ့

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Correlation formula
𝒔𝒊𝒏  𝒄𝒐𝒔 
tan  = , cot  =
𝒄𝒐𝒔  𝒔𝒊𝒏 
အထကးပါေဖား်မဴလာအရ sin = cos  tan  , cos  = sin  cot  ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့ယူႏိုငးသညးံ သေဘာ
တရာ့ကို ကိုယးံကိုယးပိုငးအသိ်ဖငးံ စဥး့စာ့တတးရမညး။
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Special Triangles ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ႏြငးံ ၁ငး့တို႔၏ အခ္ဳိ့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့
30˚ , 60˚ , 90˚ Special Triangles45˚ , 45˚ , 90˚ Special Triangles
45˚
2 60˚ 2 1
1
90˚ 45˚ 90˚
30˚
3 1
Special Angles Table
 sin cos tan cot sec cosec
𝝅 𝟏 2
30˚ ( radian ) 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝝅
45˚ ( radian ) 𝟐 𝟐 1 1 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝟏 2
60˚ ( radian ) 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
Domain , Codomain and Range of six trigonometric functions
Type of function Domain Codomain Range
f ( x ) = sin x R R – 1  sin x  1
f ( x ) = cos x R R – 1  cos x  1
f ( x ) = tan x – R R
f ( x ) = cot x – R R

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( x ) = sec x – R sec x –1 ( or ) sec x  1
f ( x ) = cosec x – R cosec x –1 ( or ) cosec x  1
အထကးပါ ဇယာ့တျငး – ်ပထာ့ေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ အေ်ခခဵပညာအထကးတနး့အတျကး ေမ့ႏိုငးေ်ခနညး့ေသာ

တနးဖို့မ္ာ့်ဖစးပါသညး။ ၁ငး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ကို ေအာကးတျငး သီ့်ခာ့ေဖား်ပေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး။
(𝟐𝒏+𝟏 )
Domain of tan x = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ , n = any integer }
𝟐
Domain of cot x = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ n , n = any integer }
(𝟐𝒏+𝟏 )
Domain of sec x = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ , n = any integer }
𝟐
Domain of cosec x = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ n , n = any integer }
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Example 8. Let the domain of a function t be the set { 1˚, 2˚, 3˚, ….. , 90˚ } and let the
codomain be R.Let the function be described by t : x ↦sin x + cos x. ( a ) Use your tables to
find ( i ) t( 1˚ ) ( ii ) t( 15˚ ) ( iii ) t( 30˚ ) ( iv ) t( 45˚ ) ( v ) t ( 60˚ ) ( vi ) t ( 75˚ ) ( vii ) t ( 90˚ )
, to three significant figures. ( b ) find x such that t ( x ) = 0
Solution
t ( x ) = sin x + cos x
( a )( i ) t ( 1˚ ) = sin ˚ + cos 1˚ = 0.0175 + 0.998 = 1.0173 = 1.02 , to three significant figures
( ii ) t (15˚) = sin 15˚+ cos 15˚= 0.2588 +0.9659 =1.2247 =1.22, to three significant figures
( iii ) t(30˚)= sin 30˚+ cos 30˚ = 0.5000+0.8660 = 1.3660 = 1.37 , to three significant figures
( iv ) t (45˚)= sin 45˚+ cos 45˚ = 0.7071 + 0.7071 = 1.4142 =1.41, to three significant figures
( v ) t(60˚) = sin 60˚+ cos 60˚ = 0.8660 + 0.5000 = 1.3660 = 1.37, to three significant figures
( vi ) t(75˚) = sin 75˚+ cos 75˚ = 0.9659 + 0.2588 = 1.2247= 1.22, to three significant figures
( vii ) t( 90˚ ) = sin 90˚ + cos 90˚ = 1 + 0 = 1 = 1.00, to three significant figures
( b ) If t ( x ) = 0 , x = ?
By given , domain ={ 1˚, 2˚, 3˚, ….. , 90˚ }
 sin x > 0 and cos x  0
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ domain ေအာကးတျငး အငယးဆုဵ့ x တနးဖို့မြာ 1 , အၾကီ့ဆုဵ့ x တနးဖို့မြာ 90 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
အဆိုပါတနးဖိုမ္ာ့အတျကး အငယးဆုဵ့ sin အခ္ဳိ့မြာ sin 1 = 0.0175 > 0 ရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ အငယးဆုဵ့ cos အခ္ဳိ့မြာ sin 90 = 0  0
ရမညး်ဖစးသညး။ ထိုမြတစးဆငးံ sin x > 0 ႏြငးံ cos x  0 ်ဖစးလာသ်ဖငးံ ထိုတနးဖို့ ႏြစးခုေပါငး့်ခငး့ မညးသညးံနညး့ႏြငးံမ္ြ 0 မရႏိုငးပါ။
sin x  0 ႏြငးံcos x  0 ်ဖစးလ္ြငးေတာံ ႏြစးခုေပါငး့်ခငး့ 0 ရႏိုငးပါသညး။ သေဘာတရာ့ ေ်ပာခ္ငး့သာ ်ဖစးပါသညး။ sin ႏြငးံ cos
ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ အတျကး x တနးဖို့အတူတူ ယူေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ မညးသညးံအခါမ္ြ 0 ႏြငးံ ညီမညးမဟုတးေပ။ )
 sin x > 0 + cos x  0

There is no element x in domain for t ( x ) = 0.
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Exercise 1.3
2. Let A = { x / 0˚  x  360˚ }. Let the function t : A  R be given by t ( x ) = sin x – cos x .
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( a ) Find ( i ) t ( 30˚ ) ( ii ) t ( 60˚ ) ( iii ) t ( 90˚ ) , to three significant figures.
( b ) If t (  ) = 0.6 , find  such that 0˚ <  < 90˚ .
Solution
t : A  R , Domain = A = { x / 0˚  x  360˚ } = { 0˚ , 1˚, 2˚,…..,359˚, 360˚ }, Codomain = R
t ( x ) = sin x – cos x
( a )( i ) t ( 30˚ ) = sin 30˚ – cos 30˚ = 0.5000 – 0.8660 = – 0.3660 = – 0.366
( ii ) t ( 60˚ ) = sin 60˚– cos 60˚ = 0.8660 – 0.5000 = 0.3660 = 0.366
( iii ) t ( 90˚ )= sin 90˚ – cos 90˚ = 1 – 0 = 1 = 1.00, to three significant figures
( b ) for t (  ) = 0.6 , 0˚ <  < 90˚ .

𝟔 𝟑
sin  – cos  = 0.6 = = Trigonometric function မ္ာ့အတျကး ပုစာၦ
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
2 𝟑 2
( sin  – cos  ) = ( ) မ္ာ့ တျကးရာတျငး Trigonometric သေဘာ
𝟓
𝟗 တရာ့မ္ာ့ အ်ပညးံအစုဵေလံလာ်ပီ့မြသာလ္ြငး
2 2
sin  – 2sin  cos  + cos  = ပိုေကာငး့မညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ဤေနရာတျငး ပုဵႏြိပး
𝟐𝟓
2 2
sin  + cos  – sin 2 = 0.36 စာအုပးထဲမြ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ေလာကးသာ အက္ဥး့ရုဵ့
1 – sin 2 = 0.36 တျကး်ပေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး။
sin 2 = 1 – 0.36 = 0.64
If 0˚ <  < 90˚ , then 0˚ < 2 < 180˚
sin 2 = sin 39˚ 43’
2 = 39˚ 43’ or 2 = 180˚ – 39˚ 43’
 = 19˚ 51’ or 2 = 140˚ 17’
 = 19˚ 51’ or  = 70˚ 08’
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Inverse function of a given function
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရ ြင းတစးခ ု၏အ်ပနးအ လြန းဖ နးရ ြင)း
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ အစုႏြစးခုအတျကး Domain မြ Codomain သို႔သျာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအာ့ ရြာႏိုငးသလို Codomain မြ

Domain သို႔ ေ်ပာငး့်ပနး ်ပနးသျာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအာ့လညး့ ရြာယူႏိုငးပါသညး။ ဤသို႔
မူရ ငး့ဖနးရ ြင း၏ Codomain မြ Domain သို႔ ေ်ပာငး့်ပနး်ပနးသျာ့ေသာဖနးရ ြင းအ ာ့

မူရ ငး့ဖနးရ ြင း၏အ်ပနးအ လြန းဖ နးရ ြင(း Inverse function ) ဟုေ ခၚပါသညး။
သို႔ေသား ဖနးရြငးတိုငး့အတျကးေတာံ Inverse function ရြာလို႔ရခ္ငးမြ ရပါမညး။
ဖနးရြငး၏ အဓိပၸါယးသတးမြတးခ္ကးအရ
1. Domain မြ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ မ်ဖြာရ။ ( Codomain သို႔ စုဆုဵလိုက ဆုဵႏိုငးသညး။ )

2. Domain ထဲတျငး ဆကးသျယးစရာ element မ္ာ့ မက္နးခဲံရ။
( Codomain ထဲတျငး က္နးလိုက က္နးႏိုငးသညး။ )
ဟုကနး႔သတးထာ့်ပီ့ အထကးပါအခ္ကး ဿ ခ္ကးႏြငးံ မကိုကးညီက function မဟုတး Relation သာ်ဖစးသညးဟုဆို

ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ အကယး၍ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးတစးခုတစးခုသညး Domain မြ Codomain သို႔ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး ်မြာ့
မ္ာ့ စုဆုဵေနေသာဖနးရြငးမ္ဳိ့်ဖစးပါက Codomain မြ Domain သို႔်ပနးသျာသညးံ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့အာ့ ေလံလာ
ၾကညးံသညးံအခါ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ ်ဖာထျကးေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အဆိပ
ု ါ ေ်ပာငး့်ပနးဆကးသျယး
ခ္ကးေလ့သညး function တစးခုမဟုတးေတာံပဲ Relation သာ်ဖစးသညးကို ေတျ႕ရပါမညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1 1
3 3
2 2
Domain Codomain Codomain Domain
ထို႔အတူပငး Codomain ထဲတျငး ဆကးသျယးရမညးံ element က္နးေနေသာဖနးရြငးမ္ဳိ့အတျကးလညး့ ေ်ပာငး့်ပနး

ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့ရြာၾကညးံသညးံအခါ အထကးပါအေ်ခအေနမ္ဳိ့်ဖစးေနသညးကိုေတျ႕ရပါမညး။ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့
ေသာ ဖနးရြငးတစးခု အတျကး Inverse function ရြာလို႔ ရမရ ဆနး့စစးရနး ေအာကးပါအခ္ကးမ္ာ့ သိထာ့ရပါမညး။
Onto function , One to One function and One to One Correspondence
One to One function

Domain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုစီတိုင့း သညး Codomain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုစီတိုင့း ကို
တိတိက္က္ဆကးသျယးထာ့လ္ြငး အဆိုပါဖနးရြငက း ို one to one function ဟုေခၚသညး။
ထိုသို႔ဆကးသျယးရာတျငC
း odomain ထဲတျငး အစုွငးက္နးခဲံလို႔ရေသားလညး့ Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးႏြစးခုမြ
Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုတညး့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးချငးံမရြိေပ။
1 2 1 2
2 4 2 4
3 6 3 6
8
One to one function not One to one function
Injection
Function တစးခုသညး one to one function ်ဖစးေနလ္ြင၁ငး
း ့ကို injection ်ဖစးသညးဟု
ေ်ပာသညး။
Onto function
f g
2
1
A 2
4 B A 1 2 B
6 2 4
One to one function One to one function

ပုဵ - ှ ပုဵ - ဿ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထကးပါပုဵ ဿ ပုဵကို ေလံလာၾကညးံလ္ြငး ပုဵ ှ ေရာ ပုဵ ဿ ပါ One to one function မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾက ေသားလညး့ ပုဵ ှ
တျငး Codomain ႏြငးံ Range တို႔တစးထပးတညး့မက္ေသားလညး့ ပုဵ ဿ သညး Codomain ႏြငးံ Range
တို႔တစးထပးတညး့က္ေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရပါမညး။ ၁ငး့ကို ်မနးမာလိုေရ့လ္ြငး Codomain အစု ႏြငးံ Range အစု
တို႔သညး တစးထပးတညး့က္ေနသညးဟုေရ့်ပီ့ အဂၤလိပးလိုေရ့လ္ြငး The range is onto the codomain. ဟု
ေရ့ပါသညး။ တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ပုဵ ှ သညး onto onto ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာပါသညး။ ပုဵ ှ ႏြငးံ ဿ
မ်ဖစးပဲ ပုဵ ဿ သညး
အရ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ function ႏြစးခုသညး One to one function မ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကေသားလညး့ တစးခုမြာ onto
မ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ One to one function ်ဖစးတိုငး့ onto မ်ဖစးသညးံ သေဘာေလ့ကို နာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး။
f g
1 2 1 2
A 2 4 B A 2 4 B
3 6 3
One to one function မဟုတး One to one function မဟုတး

Onto လညး့ မ်ဖစး Onto ေတာံ ်ဖစးသညး။
ပုဵ - ၀ ပုဵ - ၁
ထို႔အတူပငး အထကးပါ ပုဵ ၀ ႏြငးံ ၁ တျငး ႏြစးခုလုဵ့သညး One to one function မ္ာ့မဟုတးၾကေသားလညး့ ပုဵ ၀
သညး Onto မ်ဖစးပဲ ပုဵ ၁ သညးသာ Onto ်ဖစးသညးကို ေတျ႕ရပါမညး။
Onto function
Function တစးခုဧ။း Codomain ႏြငးံ Range တစးထပးတညး့က္ေနလ္ြငအဆိ
း ုပ ါ function ကို
Onto function ဟုေခၚသညး။
Surjection
Function တစးခုသညး Onto function ်ဖစးေနလ္ြင၁ငး
း ့ကို Surjection ်ဖစးသညးဟု
ေ်ပာသညး။
ပုဵ ှ One to one function Onto မ်ဖစး

ပုဵ ဿ One to one function Onto ်ဖစး
ပုဵ ၀ One to one function မဟုတး Onto မ်ဖစး
ပုဵ ၁ One to one function မဟုတး Onto ်ဖစး
အထကးပါအခ္ကးမ္ာ့အရ One to one function ်ဖစးတိုငး့ Onto ်ဖစးခ္ငးမြ်ဖစးမညး ်ဖစးသလို Onto ်ဖစး်ခငး့
မ်ဖစး်ခငး့သညး One to one function ်ဖစး်ခငး့ မ်ဖစး်ခငး့အေပၚ မြီေန်ခငး့မရြိသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး ်ဖစးသညး။
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Inverse function of a function ( ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ အ်ပနးအလြနးဖနးရြငး )
ဖနးရ ြင းတစးခ ုသညးDomain ( ေရြ႕အစု ) မြ Codomain ( ေနာကးအ စု) သို႔ ဆကးသျယးထာ့်ခငး့

်ဖစး်ပီ့ Codomain ( ေနာကးအ စု) မြ Domain ( ေရြ႕အစု ) သို႔ ေ်ပာငး်ပနး်ပနးသျာ့သညးံ
ဖနးရ ြင းကို မူရ ငး့ဖနးရ ြင း၏Inverse function ဟု ေခၚ်ပီ့ f–1 ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပပါသညး။
အထကးပါ ပုဵ ှ၊ ပုဵ ဿ၊ ပုဵ ၀၊ ပုဵ ၁ ဖနးရြငး ၁ ခုသညး အစု A မြ အစု B သို႔ သျာ့သညးံ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ အကယး၍
အစု A မြ အစု B သို႔ ေ်ပာငး့်ပနးသျာ့သညးံ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ ရြာၾကညးံမညးဆိုပါက
f f –1
1 2 2 1
A 4 B B 4 A
2 6 6 2
One to one ်ဖစးသညး။ Onto မဟုတး Inverse function မရြိပါ။

ပုဵ - ှ ( a ) ပုဵ - ှ ( b )
g g –1
1 2 2 1
A B B A
2 4 4 2
One to one ်ဖစးသညး။ Onto လညး့်ဖစးသညး။ Inverse function ရြိသညး။
ပုဵ - ဿ ( a ) ပုဵ - ဿ ( b )
f f –1
1 2 2 1
A 2 4 B B 4 2 A
3 6 6 3
One to one function မဟုတ။း Onto လညး့ မ်ဖစး Inverse function မရြိပါ။
ပုဵ - ၀ ( a ) ပုဵ - ၀ ( b )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
g g –1
1 2 2 1
A 2 4 B B 4 2 A
3 3
One to one function မဟုတ။း Onto ေတာံ ်ဖစးသညး။ Inverse function မရြိပါ။
ပုဵ - ၁ ( a ) ပုဵ - ၁ ( b )
ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ အဓိပၸါယးသတးမြတးခ္ကးအရ Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ ဆကးသျယးရနး မက္နးခဲံရ၊ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး

ို ်ဖငးံ ပုဵ ဿ ရြိ ဖနးရြငးတစးခုမြလျဲ၍ က္နးေသာဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့၌ Inverse function
်မြာ့မ္ာ့်ဖာထျကးလို႔မရဟုဆသ
မရြိသညးကို ေတျ႔ရမညး်ဖစးသညး။ ဤအခ္ကးကို One to one function ်ဖစး်ခငး့ မ်ဖစး်ခငး့၊ Onto function
်ဖစး်ခငး့ မ်ဖစး်ခငး့တို႔ႏြငးံ ဆကးစပးယူပါက
One to one function Onto function Inverse function

ပုဵ ှ မ်ဖစး ်ဖစး မရြိ
ပုဵ ဿ ်ဖစး ်ဖစး ရြိ
ပုဵ ၀ မ်ဖစး မ်ဖစး မရြိ
ပုဵ ၁ မ်ဖစး ်ဖစး မရြိ
အထကးပါအခ္ကးမ္ာ့အရ ဖနးရြငးတစးခုသညး အ်ပနးအလြနးဖနးရြငး ( Inverse function ) ရြိရနး One to one

function ေရာ Onto function ပါတစး်ပိဳငးတညး့်ဖစးရနး လိုအပးပါသညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
One to One Correspondence ( တစးခု - တစးခု ထပးတူညီခ္ကး )
Function တစးခု၏ Domain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုစီတိုင့း သညး Codomain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုစီ
တိုင့း ကို တိတိက္က္ ဆကးသျယးထာ့ရုဵသာမက Codomain ထဲတျငး အစုွငးတစးခုမ္ြမက္နးခဲံလ္ြငး အဆိုပါ
function ကို One to One Correspondence ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာသညး။
တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ
Function တစးခုသညး One to one function ေရာ Onto function ပါ ်ဖစးေနပါက

၁ငး့ Function ကို One to One Correspondence ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာသညး။
Property of One to One Property of Property of

= +
Correspondence one to one function Onto function

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Bijection
Function တစးခုသညး Injection ( one to one function ) သာမက Surjection
( Onto function ) ပါ်ဖစးေနလ္ြင၁ငး
း ့ကို Bijection ( One to One Correspondence )
်ဖစးသညးဟုေ်ပာသညး။
Not one to one function One to one function
Not Onto function Injection
Onto function Surjection Bijection
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Domain , Codomain ႏြငံး Range တို႔အာ့ Set builder form ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပ်ခငး့
Domain , Codomain ႏြငံး Range တို႔အာ့ Set builder form ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပရာတျငး Domain အတျကး Set
builder form မြာ တစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့်ဖစးေသားလညး့ Codomain ႏြငံး Range တို႔အတျကမး ြာမူ တစးခါတစးရဵ
၁ငး့တို႔ႏြစခ
း ု တစးထပးတညး့ ်ဖစးေနေသာ အေ်ခအေနတျငး set builder form ပုဵစဵမြာ အတူတူပငး်ဖစးေသား
လညး့ ၁ငး့တို႔ႏြစခ း ုထပးတူမက္ေသာ အေ်ခ အေနတျငး set builder form မြာ codomain အတျကး တစးခု
range အတျကတ း စးခု သီ့်ခာ့စီ ေဖား်ပေပ့ရပါမညး။ ပုိ၍နာ့လညးလျယေ း စရနး Grade 10 ပဵုႏိြပစ
း ာအုပပ
း ါ
Exercise ( 1 . 4 ) ရြိ နဵပါတး( 3 ) ႏြငံး နဵပါတး ( 4 ) ပုစာၦ ႏြစးပုဒႏ
း ြငံး ယြဥတ
း ေ
ျဲ လံလာၾကညးံၾကရေအာငး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E.x . ( 1 . 4 )
2
( 3 )The function g : A  R , where A = { -2 , - 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 } , is given by g ( x ) = x + 1. Find the
range.
ပုစာၦတျငး Range တနးဖို့ တစးခုတညး့ ရြာခိုင့း ထာ့ေသားလညး့ domain ေရာ Codomain ေရာ range ပါ
ရြာၾကညးံၾကပါမညး။
Domain
း ာ့ေသာဖနးရြင်း ဖစးေၾကာငး့ g : A  R
ဤပုစာၦတျငး ဖနးရြငး g သညး အစု A မြ ကိန့း စစးမ္ာ့အစု R သို႔ ဆကးသျယထ
ဟု ေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး။
Domain - A မြာ { - 2 , -1 , 0 , 1 , 2 } ဟု ေပ့ထာ့ၿပီ့ A မြာ ကနး႔သတးရြိအစု ( finite set ) ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
Domain = A = { -2 , - 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 } ဟုတနး့ေရ့နိုငပ
း ါသညး။ ( သို႔မဟုတး )
Domain = { x / x is an integer and - 3 < x < 3 } ဟုလညး့ ေရ့နိုငပ း ါသညး။
း နးဖို့မ္ာ့ပါေနသ်ဖငးံ x is a natural / whole number ဟုေတာံ မေရ့နိုငပ
A ထဲတျငး အႏႈတတ း ါ။
Range
ဖနးရြငး g ေလ့၏ Range ေလ့မြာ အစု A ေပၚတျငမ ီြ နသလို A မြာ ကနး႔သတးရြိအစု ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ Range ေလ့မြာ
း ေ
လညး့ ကနး႔သတးရြိအ စု ်ဖစးပါသညး။ range တနးဖို့ေလ့အာ့ အစု A ရြိ element မ္ာ့မြ တျကထ
း ုတလ
း ္ြငး

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2
let y = g ( x ) = x + 1
g ( -2 ) = 5 , g ( - 1 ) = 2 , g ( 0 ) = 1 , g ( 1 ) = 2 , g ( 2 ) = 5
ု႔ ၾကာငးံ Range ေလ့အာ့ listing ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပလ္ြငး
ထိေ
( 1 ) Range = { 1 , 2 , 5 } ဟုေဖား်ပႏိုငၿး ပီ့
ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးေသာ set builder form ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပလ္ြငး

2
( 2 ) Range = { y / y = x + 1 , x ∈ A } ဟု ႏြစမ
း ္ဳိ့ ေဖား်ပႏိုငပ
း ါသညး။
( ယခုပုစာၦ ( 3 ) တျငး Range တနးဖုးိ့ေလ့အာ့ listing ႏြငံ း set builder form ပုဵစဵႏြစမ
း ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငေ
း သား
လညး့ နဵပါတး ( 4 ) တျငး set builder form တစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့်ဖငးံသာေဖား်ပႏိုငပ
း ုဵကို ဆကးလကးေလံလာၾကညးံပါ။ )
Codomain
ယခုပုစာၦအတျကး Range ေလ့မြာ ကနး႔သတးရြိအစု ်ဖစးေသားလညး့ g : A  R ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ Codomain
အစုမြာ Real number ( သို႔ ) ကနး႔သတးမဲံအစု ( infinite set ) ်ဖစးေနၿပီ့ ၁ငး့အာ့ ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
Codomain = the set of real numbers = R ( သို႔ ) Codomain = { y / y ∈ R } ဟုသာေဖား်ပရပါမညး။
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ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ ပုစာၦ 4 အာ့ေလံလာၾကညးံရေအာငး။
( 4 ) The function h : R  R is defined by h ( x ) = x2.
Find the images of the elements -3 , -2 , -1 , 0 , 1, 2 , 3 . State the domain of h.
ပုစာၦတျငး h : R  R ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ domain ေရာ Codomain ပါ Real number အစု်ဖစးပါသညး။
Domain
Domain of function h = { x / x Є R } ( or ) R
Codomain
Codomain of function h = R
Range
ဆကးလကးၿပီ့ အထကးပါ ပုစာၦအတျကး Range အာ့ ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး ပုစာၦတျငး – 3 , – 2, – 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3
တို႔၏ image မ္ာ့အာ့ ရြာခိုင့း ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့တို႔၏ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ h ( – 3 ) = ( – 3 )2 = 9 , h ( – 2 ) = 4 ,
h( –1 ) = 1 , h( 0 ) = 0 ,h( 1 ) = 1 ,h( 2 ) = 4 , h( 3 ) = 9 ဟုရလာမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ အဆိုပါတနးဖို့ ခုနစးခု
၏တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အစု { 0 , 1 , 4 , 9 } အာ့ Range အစုဟုမြာ့ယျငး့ေဖား်ပမိတတးပါသညး။ အမြနးတကယး ပုစာၦတျငး
h : R  R ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ
 Domain သညး Real numbers မ္ာ့ အစု R သာ်ဖစး်ပီ့ image ရြာခိုင့း ေသာ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့မ္ာ့အစု
{ – 3 , – 2, – 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } မြာ Domain ထဲရြိ အစုပိုငး့တစးခုသာ ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့
 အဆိုပါအစုပိုငး့အေပၚမြီေနသညးံ { 0 , 1 , 4 , 9 } အစုသညးလညး့ Range ထဲရြိ အစုပိုငး့တစးခုသာ
်ဖစးေၾကာငး့
ကိုနာ့လညးထာ့ရပါမညး။ ပုစာၦအရ Domain ေရာ Codomain ပါ Real numbers မ္ာ့အစု R ( သို႔ )
ကနး႔သတးမဲံအစု်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ အၾကမး့ဖ္ငး့အာ့်ဖငးံ Range အစုသညးလညး့ Real numbers မ္ာ့အစု R သာ
်ဖစးသညးဟု ယာယီမြတးထာ့ၾကပါစုိ႔။ သို႔ေသား x ၏ image တနးဖို့ y ေလ့မြာ y = h ( x ) = x 2 ဟုေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့
း ပးကိန့း သညး အၿမဲအေပါငး့တနးဖို့ေဆာငးသ်ဖငးံ )
( x တနးဖို့ အႏႈတးကိနး့်ဖစးေစအေပါငး့ကိနး့်ဖစးေစ ၁ငး့၏ႏြစထ
x ၏ image တနးဖို့ y ေလ့မြာအ်မဲတမး့ အေပါငး့တနးဖုိ့ေဆာငးေနမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ အဆိုပါ image မ္ာ့အစု range

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
း နးဖို့မ္ာ့မပါဝငးေသာ Real numbers မ္ာ့အစု
သညးလညး့ အႏႈတတ - R ်ဖစးလာပါ မညး။ တနညး့အာ်ဖငးံ
range ထဲရြိ image တနးဖို့ေလ့သညး h ( x ) ≥ 0 ( သို႔ ) y ≥ 0 ်ဖစးလာပါမညး။ ထိေ
ု႔ ၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
ပုစာၦအတျကး Range တနးဖို့ေလ့အာ့ Range = { y / y ∈ R and y ≥ 0 } ဟုေရ့ရမညး ်ဖစးသညး။
Range
Range = { y / y Є R and y ≥ 0 }
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Student Note
Inverse Formula တျကးထုတးနညး့ အဆငးံမ္ာ့
ေပ့ထာေသာဖနးရြငးသညး f ဆုိပါက ( ဥပမာ f ( x ) = 2x – 1 )
၁ငး့၏ inverse function ်ဖစးသညးံ f –1 ရြာလိုလ္ြငး
let f –1 ( x ) = y  ပုဵစဵေရ့
then f ( y ) = x  ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့
2y – 1 = x
2y = x + 1 y တစးလုဵ့တညး့်ဖစးေအာငး အဆငးံဆငးံေ်ပာငး့
𝒙+𝟏
y=
𝟐
𝒙+𝟏
f –1 ( x ) =  ရလာေသာ y တနးဖို့ကို f –1 ( x ) = y မြ y ေနရာတျငး အစာ့သျငး့
𝟐
Inverse function ရြာရနး တစးထစးခ္မ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာ ဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့မ္ာ့

( i ) Quadratic functions ( ii ) Conctant functions
( iii ) Step functions ( iv ) Radical functions ………
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Inverse function Problems
Exercise ( 1.8 )
1 / 5. Find the formula for the inverse function f –1 where f : R  R is defined by
𝟏
( a ) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 ( b ) f ( x ) = 1 + 3x (c)f(x)=1–x (d)f(x)= ( 4x – 5 )
𝟑
𝒙+𝟗 𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
(e)f(x)= (f)f(x)= (g)f(x)= (h)f(x)=
𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏+𝒙 𝒙−𝟐
𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟓 𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝟓𝒙+𝟏
(i)f(x)= (j)f(x)= (k)f(x)= (l)f(x)=
𝒙−𝟒 𝒙−𝟕 𝟐𝒙+𝟕 𝟑𝒙+𝟐
Describe the suitable domain of the function f and f –1 for each function.
Solution Rechack
( a ) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 f ( x ) = 2x – 3
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝒙+𝟑 𝒙+𝟑
f( )=2( )–3=x+3–3=x
2y – 3 = x 𝟐 𝟐
2y = x + 3 မူရငး့ဖနးရြငးတျငး Inverse တနးဖို့်ပနးသျငး့၍ x ရပါက
𝒙+𝟑 ရလာေသာ အေ်ဖ မြနးသညး။
y=
𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒙+𝟑
f –1 ( x ) =
𝟐
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R }
Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R }
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( b ) f ( x ) = 1 + 3x
let f –1 ( x ) = a , then f ( a ) = x Rechack
1 + 3a = x f ( x ) = 1 + 3x
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
3a = x – 1 f( )=1– 3( )=1–x+1 =x
𝒙– 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
a=
𝟑
𝒙– 𝟏
f –1 ( x ) =
𝟑
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(c)f(x)=1–x
Rechack
let f –1 ( x ) = b , then f ( b ) = x
f(x)= 1–x
1– b=x
f(1–x )=1–1+ x =x
b=1–x
f –1 ( x ) = 1 – x
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𝟏
(d)f(x)= ( 4x – 5 )
𝟑
let f –1 ( x ) = k , then f ( k ) = x
𝟏 Rechack
( 4k – 5 )= x
𝟑 𝟏
4k – 5 = 3x f(x)= ( 4x – 5 )
𝟑
4k = 3x + 5 𝟑𝒙+𝟓 𝟏 𝟑𝒙+𝟓
𝟑𝒙+𝟓 f( )= ( 4( )–5)
k= 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏
𝟑𝒙+𝟓 = ( 3x + 5 – 5 ) = ( 3x ) = x
f –1 ( x ) = 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R } , Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R }
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𝒙+𝟗
(e)f(x)=
𝟐
let f –1 ( x ) = p , then f ( p ) = x Rechack
𝒑+𝟗 𝒙+𝟗
=x f(x)=
𝟐 𝟐
p + 9 = 2x 𝟐𝒙−𝟗+𝟗 𝟐𝒙
f ( 2x – 9 ) = = =x
p = 2x – 9 𝟐 𝟐
f –1 ( x ) = 2x – 9
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟑
(f)f(x)= ,x=0
𝟐𝒙 Rechack
let f –1 ( x ) = q , then f ( q ) = x 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟑 f(x)=
=x 𝟐𝒙
𝟐𝒒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
𝟏𝟑
f( )= 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟏 =x
𝟐𝒙 𝟐( )
q= 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝟐𝒙
𝟏𝟑
f –1 ( x ) = ,x=0
𝟐𝒙
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R , x = 0 }
Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R , x = 0 }
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𝟏
(g)f(x)= ,x≠–1 Rechack
𝟏+𝒙
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝟏
f(x)=
𝟏 𝟏+𝒙
=x 𝟏−𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏+𝒚 f( )= = = =x
𝟏−𝒙 𝒙+𝟏−𝒙 𝟏
𝟏 𝒙 𝟏+( 𝒙 )
=1+y 𝒙 𝒙
𝒙
𝟏 𝟏−𝒙
y= –1=
𝒙 𝒙
𝟏−𝒙
f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠0
𝒙
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – 1 }
Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 0 }
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𝟑
(h)f(x)= , x≠2
𝒙−𝟐
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x
𝟑
=x Rechack
𝒚−𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
= y–2 f(x)=
𝒙 𝒙−𝟐
𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
y=2+ = f( )= 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 = 𝟐𝒙+𝟑−𝟐𝒙
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 −𝟐
𝒙 𝒙
𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠0 = 𝟑 = 𝟏 =x
𝒙
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 2 } 𝒙 𝒙
Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 0 }
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𝒙
(i)f(x)= ,x≠4
𝒙−𝟒 Rechack
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝒙
𝒚 f(x)=
𝒙−𝟒
=x 𝟒𝒙
𝒚−𝟒 𝟒𝒙
y = xy – 4x 𝟒𝒙 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
f( )= 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙−𝟒𝒙+𝟒
xy – y = 4x 𝒙−𝟏 −𝟒
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟏
y ( x – 1 ) = 4x 𝟒𝒙
𝟒𝒙 = =x
y= 𝟒
𝒙−𝟏

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟒𝒙
f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠1
𝒙−𝟏
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 4 } , Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 1 }
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𝟐𝒙+𝟓
(j)f(x)= ,x≠7 𝟐𝒙+𝟓
𝒙−𝟕 f(x)=
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝒙−𝟕
𝟕𝒙+𝟓
𝟐𝒚+𝟓 𝟐 +𝟓
=x 𝟕𝒙+𝟓 𝒙−𝟐
𝒚−𝟕 f( )= 𝟕𝒙+𝟓
𝒙−𝟐 −𝟕
2y + 5 = xy – 7x 𝒙−𝟐
xy – 2y = 7x + 5 𝟏𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟎+𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟎
y ( x – 2 ) = 7x + 5 𝒙−𝟐 𝟏𝟗𝒙
= 𝟕𝒙+𝟓−𝟕𝒙+𝟏𝟒 = =x
𝟕𝒙+𝟓 𝟏𝟗
y= 𝒙−𝟐
𝒙−𝟐
𝟕𝒙+𝟓
f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠2
𝒙−𝟐
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𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝟕
(k)f(x)= ,x≠– 𝟑𝒙−𝟓
𝟐𝒙+𝟕 𝟐 f(x)=
𝟐𝒙+𝟕
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝟕𝒙+𝟓
𝟑𝒚−𝟓 𝟕𝒙+𝟓 𝟑 −𝟓
𝟑−𝟐𝒙
=x f( )= 𝟕𝒙+𝟓
𝟐𝒚+𝟕 𝟑−𝟐𝒙 𝟐 +𝟕
3y – 5 = 2xy + 7x 𝟑−𝟐𝒙
3y – 2xy = 7x + 5 𝟐𝟏𝒙+𝟏𝟓−𝟏𝟓+𝟏𝟎𝒙
y ( 3 – 2x ) = 7x + 5 𝟑−𝟐𝒙
= 𝟏𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟎+𝟐𝟏−𝟏𝟒𝒙
𝟕𝒙+𝟓
y= 𝟑−𝟐𝒙
𝟑−𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝟏𝒙
𝟕𝒙+𝟓 𝟑 = =x
f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠ 𝟑𝟏
𝟑−𝟐𝒙 𝟐
𝟕 𝟑
Domain of f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – } , Domain of f –1 = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ }
𝟐 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓𝒙+𝟏 𝟑
(l)f(x)= ,x≠– 𝟓𝒙+𝟏
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟐 f(x)=
let f –1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝟑𝒙+𝟐
𝟐𝒙−𝟏
𝟓𝒚+𝟏 𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟓 𝟓−𝟑𝒙
+𝟏
=x f( )=
𝟑𝒚+𝟐 𝟓−𝟑𝒙 𝟑
𝟐𝒙−𝟏
+𝟐
5y + 1 = 3xy + 2x 𝟓−𝟑𝒙
5y – 3xy = 2x – 1 𝟏𝟎𝒙−𝟓+𝟓−𝟑𝒙
𝟓−𝟑𝒙 𝟕𝒙
y ( 5 – 3x ) = 2x – 1 = 𝟔𝒙−𝟑+𝟏𝟎−𝟔𝒙 = =x
𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟕
y= 𝟓−𝟑𝒙
𝟓−𝟑𝒙
𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟓
f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠
𝟓−𝟑𝒙 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟐𝒙−𝟓
4. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = .
𝒙−𝟑
( i ) State the value of x for which f is not defined.
( ii ) Find the value of x for which f ( x ) = 0.
( iii ) Find the inverse function f–1 and state the domain of f –1 . ( 184 / 2004 စစးကိုငး့၊ ခ္ငး့ )
Solution
𝟐𝒙−𝟓
f(x)= ,x ≠3
𝒙−𝟑
( i ) The value of x for which f is not defined is 3
( ii ) f ( x ) = 0 , x = ?
𝟐𝒙−𝟓
=0
𝒙−𝟑
2x – 5 = 0
𝟓
x=
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rechack
( iii ) let f–1 ( x ) = y , then f ( y ) = x 𝟐𝒙−𝟓
𝟐𝒚−𝟓 f(x)=
f(y)= =x 𝒙−𝟑
𝒚−𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟓
2y – 5 = xy – 3x 𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝟐 −𝟓
𝒙−𝟐
xy – 2y = 3x – 5 f( )= 𝟑𝒙−𝟓
𝒙−𝟐 −𝟑
y ( x – 2 ) = 3x – 5 𝒙−𝟐
𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟎−𝟓𝒙+𝟏𝟎
y= 𝒙−𝟏 𝒙
𝒙−𝟐 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟓−𝟑𝒙+𝟔 = =x
𝟑𝒙−𝟓 𝟏
f–1 ( x)= , x≠2 , 𝒙−𝟏
𝒙−𝟐
domain of f–1 = {x/xЄR,x≠2}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝟏𝟎
8. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 8 . Find
𝒙−𝟖
( a ) f –1 ( 5 ) ( b ) a positive number p such that f ( p ) = p.
Solution
𝒙+𝟏𝟎
f(x)= ,x≠8.
𝒙−𝟖
( a ) let f–1 ( 5)=a
f(a)=5
𝒂+𝟏𝟎
Rechack
=5 𝒙+𝟏𝟎
𝒂−𝟖 f(x)=
a + 10 = 5a – 40 𝒙−𝟖
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓+𝟐𝟎
4a =50 𝟐𝟓 +𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟓
𝟐𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
f( )= 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓−𝟏𝟔 = =9
a= , 𝟐 −𝟖 𝟗
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝟓
f –1 ( 5 ) =
𝟐
( b ) f ( p ) = p.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒑+𝟏𝟎
=p Rechack
𝒑−𝟖
𝒙+𝟏𝟎
p +10 = p2 – 8p f(x)=
𝒙−𝟖
p2 – 9p – 10 = 0 𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎
( p – 10 )( p + 1 ) = 0 f ( 10 ) = = = 10
p = 10 ( or ) p = – 1 𝟏𝟎− 𝟖 𝟐
p = 10 ( p is positive )
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𝒙+𝒂
10. Given that f ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 and that f ( 7 ) = 2 , find ( a )the value of a ( b ) f –1 (– 4 ).
𝒙−𝟐
Solution
𝒙+𝒂
f(x)= ,x≠2
𝒙−𝟐 Rechack
f(7)=2 𝒙+𝟑
𝟕+𝒂 f(x)=
=2 𝒙−𝟐
𝟕−𝟐 𝟕+𝟑 𝟏𝟎
7 + a = 10 f(7)= = =2
𝟕− 𝟐 𝟓
a = 10 – 7 = 3 a = 3 is correct
𝒙+𝟑
f(x)= ,x≠2
𝒙−𝟐
( b ) f –1 (– 4 ) = ?
let f –1 (– 4 ) = b
f(b)=–4 Rechack
𝒃+𝟑 𝒙+𝟑
=–4 f(x)=
𝒃−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
b + 3 = – 4b + 8 𝟏+𝟑 𝟒
f(1)= = =–4
5b = 5 𝟏− 𝟐 −𝟏
b=1 f –1 (– 4 ) = 1 is correct
f –1 (– 4 ) = 1
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Old Question ( 3 marks )
Single Function အာ့ Inverse ရြာခိုငး့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝒙−𝟑
1. Taking the function f as f :x ↦ , x ≠ – 2 , find f –1 stating the value of x which must
𝒙+𝟐
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
be excluded from the domain. Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 1 ( 82 / 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
𝟏−𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
–1
𝟐
1.Find the formula for f , the inverse function of f defined by f ( x ) = . State the
𝟑−𝟒𝒙
suitable domain of f.
𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 0. the domain of f = { x / x ∈ R and x ≠ } ( 1/2014 ရနးကုနး )
𝟒𝒙 𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝟒
2.The function f is defined by for x ∈ R , by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 2 . Use the formula of f –1 to
𝒙−𝟐
𝟐𝒙+𝟒
find f –1 ( 5 ). Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 1 , f –1 ( 5 ) = 3.5 ( 46/2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
𝒙−𝟏
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟑
3.A function f is such that f ( x ) = for all x ≠ where k ≠ 0 . If f ( 2 ) = 1 , find the
𝒌𝒙−𝟑 𝒌
𝟑𝒙+𝟏
value of k and the formula of f –1 . Ans; k = 2 , f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 ( 47/2009 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟐𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙
4.Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ 4 . Find the formula of f –1.
𝒙−𝟒
𝟑𝒙−𝟐
Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 3. ( 7 / 2014 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )( 55/2008 မႏၲေလ့ )
𝟒𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓𝒙+𝟑
5.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = where x ≠ 4. Find the formula of f –1.
𝒙−𝟒
𝟒𝒙+𝟑
Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 5. ( 38/2010 ဧရာွတီ )
𝒙−𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 5 .Find the formula of f –1. Find the value of k such
𝟓+𝒙
that f ( k ) = f –1( k ). Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , k = 2.5 ( 19/2012 ရခိုငး )
𝟑
Solution
f ( x ) = 3x – 5
let f –1 ( x ) = a
f(a)=x
3a – 5 = x
3a = x + 5
𝟓+𝒙
a=
𝟑
𝟓+𝒙
 f –1 ( x ) =  ( ပုစာၦတျငး f –1 ကိုရြာခိုငး့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ မ်ဖစးမေနရြာေပ့ရ်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး။
𝟑
f ( k ) = f –1 ( k ) မရြာခိုငး့ ပါက ေအာကးအဆငးံကို inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့တျကးႏိုငးပါသညး။ )
𝟓+𝒌
3k – 5 =
𝟑
9k – 15 = 5 + k
8k = 20
 k = 2.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟑
3. A function f is such that f ( x ) = for all x ≠ , where k ≠ 0 . If f (– 1 ) = 2 , find the
𝒌𝒙+𝟑 𝒌
value of k and the formula of f –1 . (f –1 အာ့ မ်ဖစးမေနရြာေပ့ရမညးံ ပုစာၦ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
𝟐−𝟑𝒙
Ans; k = 2 , f –1( x ) = , x ≠ 0 ( 18/2012 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
𝟐𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟑
1.A function f is such that f ( x ) = for all x ≠ , where k ≠ 0 . If f( 2 ) = 1 , find the
𝒌𝒙−𝟑 𝒌
𝟑𝒙+𝟏
value of k and the formula of f –1 . Ans; k = 2 , f –1( x ) = , x ≠ 0 ( 47/2009 ပဲခူ့)
𝟐𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂𝒙−𝟗
2.A function f : R  R is defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 1 .If f –1( –1 ) = 6 . Find the value of a
𝒙−𝟏
𝟐 𝟕
and evaluate the image of 3 under f. Ans; a = ,f(3)=– ( 42/2010 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑 𝟐
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Single Function အာ့ Inverse ရြာခိုငး့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟐𝒙+𝒂
1.Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ 7 .If f ( 6 ) = – 17 , find the value of a. Using your value of a , find
𝒙−𝟕
the formula for f –1 and state the domain of f –1 . ( 177 / 2005 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟕𝒙+𝟓
Ans ; a = 5 , f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , the domain of f –1 = { x / x Є R , x ≠ 2 }
𝒙−𝟐
Solution
𝟐𝒙+𝒂 Rechack
f(x)= ,x≠7 𝟐𝒙+𝟓
𝒙−𝟕 f(x)=
f ( 6 ) = – 17 𝒙−𝟕
𝟏𝟐+𝒂 𝟏𝟐+𝟓 𝟏𝟕
= – 17 f(6)= = = – 17
𝟔−𝟕 𝟔−𝟕 −𝟏
12 + a = 17 a = 5 is correct
a=5
𝟐𝒙+𝟓
f(x)= ,x≠7
𝒙−𝟕
f –1 ( x ) = ?
let f –1 ( x ) = k , then f ( k ) = x
𝟐𝒌+𝟓
=x
𝒌−𝟕
2k + 5 = kx – 7x
kx – 2k = 7x + 5
k ( x – 2 ) = 7x + 5
𝟕𝒙+𝟓
k=
𝒙−𝟐
𝟕𝒙+𝟓
f –1( x ) = ,x≠2
𝒙−𝟐
the domain of f –1 = { x / x Є R , x ≠ 2 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုစ
ဵ ဵတူပုစာၦ
𝟐𝒙−𝟓
1.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = . State the domain of f , find the inverse function
𝒙−𝟑
f –1 and state the domain of f –1. ( 178 / 2005 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑𝒙−𝟓
Ans; domain of f = { x / x Є R ,x ≠ 3 }, f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , domain of f –1 = { x / x Є R ,x ≠ 2 }
𝒙−𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Substitution any variable in the formula of f ( x )
Level ( 1 )
( 1 ) if f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , find f ( 3 ) , f ( 2 ) , f ( 1 ) , f ( a ) , f ( b ) , f ( k ) , f ( q ).
( 2 ) if f ( x ) = 3x – 1 , find f ( p ) , f ( q ) , f ( k ) , f ( a + 1 ) , f ( b – 2 ) , f ( 2k + 5 ).
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 3 ) if f ( x ) = x – 3 , find f ( p + 1 ) , f ( 2q - 1 ) , f ( g( x )) , f ( h ( x ) ) , f ( 2g( x ) )
( 4 ) if f ( x ) = x + 2 , find f ( g( x + 1 ) ) , f ( h( x – 3 ) ) , f ( 2g( 1 – x )) , f ( 3h ( 2x ) )
( 5 ) if f ( x ) = 5x + 2 , find f ( g( x ) – 2 ) , f ( 2h( x ) – 3 ) , f ( g ( 2x – 1 ) + 5 )
( 6 ) if f ( x ) = x + 1 , find f ( h ( x – 1 ) + 1 ) , f ( 2g( x – 3 ) + 5 ) , f ( 5g( x + 1 ) – 2 )
( 7 ) if h ( x ) = x – 7 , find h ( f ( x + 3 ) – x ) , h ( 2g( 3x – 1 ) – 2x ), h ( f( x – 1 ) – k )
( 8 ) if g ( x ) = 3x – 5 , find g ( h( 2x – k ) – 3x ), g ( 3f ( 3x – p ) – 2p )
Substitution the variables

f ( x ) = x3 – x2 + 3x – 5
f ( 3 ) = 33 – 32 + 3( 3 ) – 5
f ( – 3 ) = 33 – 32 + 3( 3 ) – 5
f ( a ) = a3 – a2 + 3a – 5
f ( a + 1 ) = ( a + 1 )3 – ( a + 1 )2 + 3( a + 1 ) – 5
f ( g ( x ) ) = ( g( x ))3 – ( g( x ))2 + 3g( x ) – 5
f ( h ( x ) + 1 ) = ( h ( x ) + 1 )3 – ( h ( x ) + 1 )2 + 3( h ( x ) + 1 ) – 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level ( 2 )
( 1 ) If f ( x ) = 2x – 1 and g ( x ) = 2x – 3 , then find f ( g ( x ) ).
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x – 1 , g ( x ) = 2x – 3
f ( g ( x ) ) = 2g( x ) – 1 = 2( 2x – 3 ) – 1 = 4x – 6 – 1 = 4x – 7
( 2 ) If f ( x ) = x + 1 and g ( x ) = x – 3 , then find f ( g( x ) ).
( 3 ) If f ( x ) = x – 7 and g ( x ) = 2x – 3 , then find f ( g( x ) ).
( 4 ) If f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and g ( x ) = 5x – 3 , then find f ( 2g( x ) ).
( 5 ) If f ( x ) = 2 – x and g ( x ) = x + 3 , then find f ( 5g( x ) ).
( 6 ) If f ( x ) = 5x + 2 and g ( x ) = x + 1 , then find f ( 2g( x ) + 1 )
( 7 ) If f ( x ) = x + 5 and g( x ) = x – 2 , then find f ( g( x ) – 3 )
( 8 ) If f ( x ) = 2x + 2 and g( x ) = 3x – 2 , then find f ( 2h( x ) – 3 )
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Composition of Function ( ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ေပါငး့စပး်ခငး့ )
အကယး၍ ဖနးရြငး f ေလ့သညး အစု A မြ B , ဖနးရြငး f ေလ့သညး အစု B မြ C
A B B C
f g
x y=f(x)=x+1 y=f(x)=x+1 z = g ( y ) = 2y
သျာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ဖနးရြငး g အတျကး အစု B မြာ Domain ်ဖစး်ပီ့ ဖနးရြငး f အတျကးမူ အစု B မြာ
Codomain ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ အထကးပါဖနးရြငးႏြစးခုႏြငးံ အစု သုဵ့စုကို ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့ ေပါငး့စပးႏိုငးပါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
A B C
f g
x y=f(x)=x+1 z = g ( y ) = 2y
အထကးပါေပါငး့စပးထာ့သညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ကို Composition form of Function ( ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့၏ေပါငး့စပးပုဵစဵ ) ဟု

ေခၚ ပါသညး။ ဤပုဵစဵေလ့ေအာကးတျငး z တနးဖို့ေလ့သညး y တနးဖို့ေလ့ေပၚ မြီေနပါသညး။ တဖနး y တနးဖို့ေလ့
သညး x တနးဖို့ေလ့ေပၚမြီေနသ်ဖငးံ z တနးဖို့ေလ့ကို y တနးဖို့မြ တစးဆငးံရြာယူႏိုငးသလို x တနးဖို့ေလ့မြလညး့
း ြာယူႏိုငးပါသညး။ ဤသို႔ z တနးဖို့ကို y တနးဖို့မြ တစးဆငးံမဟုတးပဲ x တနးဖို့မြ တိုကးရိုကးရြာယူႏိုငးရနး
တိုကးရိုကရ
ေ်ပာငး့ယူလိုကးသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့အာ့ အဆိုပါဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု၏ ေပါငး့စပးေဖား်မဴလာ ( Composition formula ) ဟု
ေခၚပါသညး။
z တနးဖို့ကို y တနးဖို့မြ တစးဆငးံမဟုတးပဲ x တနးဖို့မြ တိုကးရိုကးရြာယူ်ခငး့

y=f(x)=x+1
z = g ( y ) = 2y  ( z အာ့ y မြ ရြာယူ်ခငး့ )
z = g ( f ( x ) ) = 2 f ( x ) = 2 ( x + 1 ) = 2x + 2  ( z အာ့ x မြ ရြာယူ်ခငး့ )
အထကးပါပုဵစဵေလ့မြ g ( f ( x ) ) အာ့ Composition လုပး်ခငး့ကို ကိုယးစာ်ပဳသညးံ အစကး ( Circle ) ေလ့
ပါသညးံပုဵစဵအ်ဖစး ေ်ပာငး့ယူမညးဆိုလ္ြငး g ( f ( x ) ) = ( g.f )( x ) ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာပါမညး။ ( g.f )( x )
ကို ဖနးရြငး g ႏြငးံ f တို႔၏ ေပါငး့စပးပုဵစဵ ( Composition form )ဟုေခၚ်ပီ့ 2x + 2 ကို အဆိုပါဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု
ေပါငး့စပးယူထာ့သညးံ ေဖား်မဴလာေလ့ ( Composition formula ) ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။
** ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု Composition လုပးယူ်ခငး့ကို ၁ငး့ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခုၾကာ့ အစကး ( Circle ) ေလ့ေရ့်ပီ့ ၁ငး့ ႏြစးခု ကျငး့
ခတးထာ့သညးံေဘ့တျငး သကးဆိုငးရာ elemrnt “x” ေလ့ ကျငး့ခတးေရ့ေပ့သညးံပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပသညး။
 g ( f ( x ) ) ကုိ g of f of x ဟု ဖတး်ပီ့
 ( g.f )( x ) ကုိ g circle f of x ဟု ဖတးသညး
ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု Composition လုပးနညး့

ဥပမာ - If f ( x ) = x – 1 and g ( x ) = x2 , then find the composition formula of f.g.
ပုစာၦတျငး composition ေဖား်မဴလာေမ့်ပီ့ x မပါေသာ ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးေနပါက ႏြစးခုေပါငး့ကို ကျငး့ခတး x ကပး
composition ေဖား်မဴလာရြာနညး့ ဿမ္ဳိ့ရြိပါသညး။ ပထမနညး့ကို ပိုအသုဵ့မ္ာ့ေသားလညး့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့လုဵ့တျကး်ပထာ့

ပါသညး။
Solution
f ( x ) = x – 1 , g ( x ) = 2x + 3 , ( f.g )( x ) = ? ( g.f )( x ) မြ g(f ( x ))
သို႔ေ်ပာငး့ရာတျငး ကျငး့စ
g ရဲ႕ ကျငး့စ ႏြငးံ ကျငး့ပိတး
ကျငး့ပိတးမ္ာ့ မမြာ့ရနး
( g.f )( x ) = g( f ( x ) ) သတိထာ့ပါ။ ကျငး့မြာ့တပး
f ရဲ႕ ကျငး့စ ႏြငးံ ကျငး့ပိတး လ္ြငး အမြတးေလ္ာံတတးသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ပထမနညး့
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) )  ( Circle ်ဖဳတး ကျငး့်ဖဳတး ေနာကးဖနးရြငးနဲ႔ ကျငး့နဲ႔ x ကို ကျငး့ထပးခတး )

= g( x –1 )  ( အတျငး့ဖနးရြငအး ရငး်ဖဳတး f ်ဖဳတးရငး f ေဖား်မဴလာသျငး့ g ်ဖဳတးရငး g သျငး့)
= 2( x – 1 ) + 3 = 2x – 2 + 3 = 2x + 1  ( ်ပီ့ရငး အ်ပငးဖနးရြငး်ဖဳတး )
ဒုတိယနညး့
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) )  ( Circle ်ဖဳတး ကျငး့်ဖဳတး ေနာကးဖနးရြငးနဲ႔ ကျငး့နဲ႔ x ကို ကျငး့ထပးခတး )
= 2f( x ) – 3  ( အ်ပငးဖနးရြငအ
း ရငး်ဖဳတး f ်ဖဳတးရငး f ေဖား်မဴလာသျငး့ g ်ဖဳတးရငး g သျငး့)
= 2( x – 1 ) – 3 = 2x + 1  ( ်ပီ့ရငး အ်ပငးဖနးရြငး်ဖဳတး )
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Composite function Problems
Exercise – 1.5
5. Find the formula of f.g and g.f for f : R  R and g : R  R in each case. State the suitable
domains for each compsition of function.
(a) f(x)=–x , g(x)=x
(b) f(x)=x–1 , g ( x ) = x2
(c) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = x2+ 5
(d) f(x)=x+1 , g ( x ) = 2x2– x + 3
(e) f ( x ) = x2– 1 , g ( x ) = 3x + 1
𝟏
(f) f ( x ) = x2 , g(x)=
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐
𝟏
(g) f ( x ) = 5x2 , g(x)=
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
(h) f(x)= ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
(i) f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
(j) f(x)= , x≠–1, g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐
(k) f(x)= , x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
(l) f(x)= ,x≠ , g(x)= ,x≠
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
Solution
(a)f(x)=–x ,g(x)=x
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x ) = – x , Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R }
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x ) = – x , Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R }
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( b )f ( x ) = x – 1 , g ( x ) = x2
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x2 ) = x2 – 1 , Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R }
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x – 1 ) = ( x – 1 )2 = x2 – 2x + 1 , Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R }

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( g.f )( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 2 – 1 ) = g( 1 ) = 12 = 1
( g.f )( x ) = x2 – 2x + 1  ( g.f )( 2 ) = 22 – 2( 2 ) + 1 = 4 – 4 + 1 = 1
 ( g.f )( x ) = x2 – 2x + 1 is correct.
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( c )f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = x2+ 5
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x2 + 5 ) = 2( x2 + 5 ) – 3 = 2x2 + 10 – 3 = 2x2 + 7
Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R }
Rechack
( f.g )( 2 ) = f ( g ( 2 ) ) = f ( 22+ 5 ) = f ( 9 ) = 18 – 3 = 15
( f.g )( x ) = 2x2 + 7  ( f.g )( 2 ) = 8 + 7 = 15
 ( f.g )( x ) = 2x2 + 7 is correct.
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( 2x – 3 ) = ( 2x – 3 )2 + 5 = 4x2 – 12x + 9 + 5 = 4x2 – 12x + 14

Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R }
( g.f )( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 4 – 3 ) = g( 1 ) = 12 + 5 = 6
( g.f )( x ) = 4x2 – 12x + 14  ( g.f )( 2 ) = 16 – 24 + 14 = 30 – 24 = 6
 ( g.f )( x ) = x2 – 2x + 1 is correct.
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( d )f ( x ) = x + 1 , g ( x ) = 2x2– x + 3
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( 2x2 – x + 3 ) = 2x2 – x + 3 + 1 = 2x2– x + 4
Rechack
( f.g )( 2 ) = f ( g ( 2 ) ) = f ( 22+ 5 ) = f ( 9 ) = 18 – 3 = 15
( f.g )( x ) = 2x2 + 7  ( f.g )( 2 ) = 8 + 7 = 15
 ( f.g )( x ) = 2x2 + 7 is correct.
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x + 1 ) = 2( x + 1 )2 – ( x + 1 )+ 3
= 2( x2 + 2x + 1 ) – x – 1 + 3
= 2x2 + 4x + 2 – x + 2 = 2x2 + 3x + 4
( g.f )( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 4 – 3 ) = g( 1 ) = 12 + 5 = 6
( g.f )( x ) = 4x2 – 12x + 14  ( g.f )( 2 ) = 16 – 24 + 14 = 30 – 24 = 6
 ( g.f )( x ) = x2 – 2x + 1 is correct.
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( e ) f ( x ) = x2– 1 , g ( x ) = 3x + 1
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( 3x + 1 ) = ( 3x + 1 )2 – 1 = 9x2 + 6x + 1 – 1 = 9x2 + 6x
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x2– 1 ) = 3( x2 – 1 ) + 1 = 3x2 – 3 + 1 = 3x2 – 2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
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𝟏
( f ) f ( x ) = x2 , g ( x ) =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( )=( )2 = =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 ( 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 )𝟐 𝒙𝟒 +𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟒
Rechack
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( f.g )( 2 ) = f ( g ( 2 ) ) = f ( )=f( )=( )2 =
𝟐𝟐 +𝟐 𝟔 𝟔 𝟑𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( f.g )( x ) =  ( f.g )( 2 ) = = =
𝒙𝟒 +𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟒 𝟐𝟒 +𝟒(𝟐𝟐 )+𝟒 𝟏𝟔+𝟏𝟔+𝟒 𝟑𝟔
𝟏
 ( f.g )( x ) = is correct.
𝒙𝟒 +𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x2 ) = =
( 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +𝟏 𝒙𝟒 +𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
( g.f )( 2 ) = g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 22 ) = g( 4 ) = =
𝟒𝟐 +𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( g.f )( x ) =  ( g.f )( 2 ) = =
𝒙𝟒 +𝟐 𝟐𝟒 +𝟐 𝟏𝟖
𝟏
 ( g.f )( x ) = is correct.
𝒙𝟒 +𝟐
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𝟏
( g ) f ( x ) = 5x2 , g ( x ) =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( ) = 5( )2 =5 ( )=
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 ( 𝒙𝟐 +𝟐 )𝟐 𝒙𝟒 +𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( 5x2 ) = =
( 𝟓𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 +𝟏 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟒 +𝟐
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𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
(h) f(x)= ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟕
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( )= 𝟏 = 𝟓+𝟒𝒙+𝟐 = ,x≠–
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟓( )+𝟐 𝟒𝒙+𝟕 𝟒
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝟕
Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – }
𝟒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟒
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( )= 𝟏 = 𝟐+𝟓𝒙+𝟐 = ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟐( )+𝟏 𝟓𝒙+𝟒 𝟓
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓𝒙+𝟐
𝟒
Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – }
𝟓
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𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
(i) f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏 𝟏−𝟒𝒙−𝟖
𝟏 −𝟒 −𝟒𝒙−𝟕 𝟕
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟐
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( ) = 𝟏 = 𝟑+𝟐𝒙+𝟒 = ,x≠–
𝒙+𝟐 𝟑( )+𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟕 𝟐
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟐
𝟕
Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – }
𝟐
𝒙−𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑𝒙+𝟐
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( )= 𝒙−𝟒 = 𝒙−𝟒+𝟔𝒙+𝟒 = ,x≠0
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 +𝟐 𝟕𝒙
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟐
Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ 0 }
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𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
(j) f(x)= , x≠–1 , g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑−𝒙+𝟓
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 −𝟏 𝒙+𝟖 𝟐
𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟓
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( ) = 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 = 𝟐𝒙+𝟑+𝒙−𝟓 = ,x≠
𝒙−𝟓 +𝟏 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟓
𝟐
Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ }
𝟑
𝟐𝒙−𝟐+𝟑𝒙+𝟑 𝒙−𝟏
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐 𝒙+𝟏 +𝟑 𝟓𝒙+𝟏 𝟑
𝒙+𝟏
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( )= 𝒙−𝟏 = 𝒙−𝟏−𝟓𝒙−𝟓 = ,x≠–
𝒙+𝟏 −𝟓 −𝟒𝒙−𝟔 𝟐
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏
𝟑
Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – }
𝟐
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𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐
(k) f(x)= , x≠– , g(x)= x≠–
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟔𝒙+𝟗+𝟔𝒙+𝟒
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 +𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝒙+𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟐
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( )= 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 = 𝟒𝒙+𝟔+𝟗𝒙+𝟔 = ,x≠–
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟐( 𝟑𝒙+𝟐 )+𝟑 𝟏𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟑𝒙+𝟐
𝟏𝟐
Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – }
𝟏𝟑
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟔𝒙+𝟒+𝟔𝒙+𝟗
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
+𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝒙+𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( )= 𝟑𝒙+𝟐 = 𝟗𝒙+𝟔+𝟒𝒙+𝟔 = ,x≠–
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟑 +𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝒙+𝟏
𝟏𝟐
Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ – }
𝟏𝟑
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𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
(l) f(x)= ,x≠ , g(x)= ,x≠
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
𝒙−𝟏 𝟑𝒙−𝟐−𝒙+𝟏
𝒙−𝟏 𝟏−𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟏
( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( )= 𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟔𝒙−𝟒−𝟑𝒙+𝟑 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 , x ≠ 𝟑
𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟐−𝟑( 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 ) 𝟑𝒙−𝟐
𝟏
Domain of f.g = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ }
𝟑
𝟏−𝒙 𝟏−𝒙−𝟐+𝟑𝒙
𝟏−𝒙 −𝟏 𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟏
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( )= 𝟏−𝒙 = 𝟑−𝟑𝒙−𝟒+𝟔𝒙 = ,x≠
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟑
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝒙+𝟏
𝟏
Domain of g.f = { x / x ∈ R , x ≠ }
𝟑
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Find the formula of f.f and g.g for f : R  R and g : R  R in each case. State the suitable
domains for each compsition of function.
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
(a) f(x)= ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
(b) f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
( c) f(x)= , x≠–1, g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐
(d) f(x)= , x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
(e) f(x)= ,x≠ , g(x)= ,x≠
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
Try yourself ………..
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Example 4 . If f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x ) = x2 and g ( x ) = 3x + 1. Find
( i )( g.f )( 2 ) ( ii )( f.g )( 2 ) ( iii ) the formula of g.f and f.g .
Solution
f ( x ) = x2 , g ( x ) = 3x + 1.
( i )( g.f )( 2 ) = g( f( 2 ) ) = g( 4 ) = 12 + 1 = 13
( ii )( f.g )( 2 ) = f( g( 2 ) ) = f( 7 ) = 72 = 49
( iii )( g.f )( x ) = g( f( x ) ) = g( x2 ) = 3x2 + 1
( f.g )( x ) = f( g( x ) ) = f( 3x + 1) = ( 3x + 1)2
Rechack - ( g.f )( x ) = 3x2 + 1  ( g.f )( 2 ) = 3( 2 )2 + 1 = 13
( f.g )( 2 ) = ( 6 + 1)2 = 72 = 49
( iii ) ရြိေဖား်မဴလာႏြစးခုတျငး အထကးပါ image ႏြစးခုကို်ပနးထညးံတျကး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ရလာေသာေဖား်မဴလာေရာ
ရလာေသာအေ်ဖေရာ မြနး၊မမြနး ်ပနးစစးႏိုငးသညး။ ေဖား်ပနညး့တစးမ္ဳိ့
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Exercise 1.5
1. Functin f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f( x ) = 2x + 1 and g( x ) = 3x. ( a)Calculate
( g.f )( 1 ) and ( g.f )( 3 ) ( ii )Find the formula of g.f and check the above images
check the above images  Example 4 မြာ Rechack လုပး်ပထာ့သညးကို ထညးံတျကးခိုငး့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။
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2. The mapping f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x ) = x + 2 and g ( x ) = x2. ( a )Find
( g.f )( –1) ,( g.f )( 2 ) and ( g.f )( x ) ( b )( f.g )( –1) ,( f.g ) ( 2 ) and ( f.g )( x )
mapping  Functin ေဖား်ပနညး့တစးမ္ဳိ့
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3. For the functin f : R  R and g : R  R defined by f( x ) = 2x and g( x ) = x2 + 4 , find in
simplest form: ( a ) ( h.g )( x ) ( b ) ( g.h )( x ) ( c ) ( g.g )( x ) ( d ) ( h.h )( x )
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9.Function g and h are defined by f( x ) = px – 2 where a is a constant, and
g( x ) = 4x + 3. Find ( a ) an expression for ( f.g )( x ) ( b ) the value of p for which which
( f • g )( x ) = ( g • f )( x ).
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Formula ရြာခိုငး့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1.Function g and h are defined by g( x ) = ax + 10 where a is a constant, and
h( x ) = 3x + 5. Find the value of a for which ( h•g )( x ) = ( g • h )( x ).
Ans; a = 5 ( 41/ 2010 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
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1.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + p where p is a constant, and g( x ) = 4x + 6.
Find the value of p for which ( f • g )( x ) = ( g • f )( x ). Ans; p = – 2 ( 37 / 2010 ပဲခူ့ )
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2.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = px – 2 where p is a constant, and g( x ) = 4x + 3.
Find the value of p for which ( f • g )( x ) = ( g • f )( x ). Ans; p = – 1 ( 77 / 2006 မႏ ၱေလ့ )
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𝟖 𝒂𝒙+𝒃
2.A function f is defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ – 4 .Express ( f • f )( x ) in the form of ,
𝒙+𝟒 𝒄−𝒙
stating the value of a,b and c. ( 109 / 2003 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )( 15/ 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
Solution
𝟖
f(x)= ,x≠–4
𝒙+𝟒
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖( 𝒙+𝟒 ) 𝟒(𝟐𝒙+𝟖 )
( f • f )( x ) = f ( f ( x ) ) = f ( )= 𝟖 = 𝟖+𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟔 = =
𝒙+𝟒 +𝟒 𝟒𝒙+𝟐𝟒 𝟒(𝒙+𝟔)
𝒙+𝟒 𝒙+𝟒
𝟐𝒙+𝟖 −𝟐𝒙−𝟖 −𝟐 𝒙+( −𝟖 )
( f • f )( x ) = = −𝟔−𝒙 ,
𝒙+𝟔 −𝟔 −𝒙
𝒂𝒙+𝒃 −𝟐𝒙−𝟖
( f • f )( x ) in the form of = ,a=–2,b=–8,c=–6
𝒄−𝒙 −𝟔−𝒙
( 158 / 2006 ဧရာွတီ - တျငး ငါ့မြတးတနး ေမ့သျာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟔 𝒂𝒙+𝒃
1.A function f is defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 2 .Express ( f • f )( x ) in the form of ,
𝒙−𝟐 𝒄−𝒙
𝟑𝒙−𝟔
stating the value of a,b and c. Ans; , a = 3 , b = – 6 , c = 5 ( 116 / 2002 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟓−𝒙
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
3. The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x + 1 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ – 1 ,find the
𝒙+𝟏
composite function f • g and hence find ( f • g )( 2 ) .
𝟕𝒙+𝟏𝟎
Ans; ( f • g )( x ) = , x ≠ – 1 , ( f • g )( 2 ) = 8 ( 21/ 2012 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝒙+𝟏
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙+𝟐
1.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x – 3 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ 4.Find
𝒙−𝟒
( f • g )( 6 ). Ans; ( f • g )( 6 ) = 17 ( 50/2009 ရခိုငး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒𝒙+𝟐
4. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = where x ≠ 5 . Find the formula of f • f in
𝒙−𝟓

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟖𝒙−𝟐
simplified forms. Ans; ( f • f )( x ) = , x ≠ 27 ( 26/ 2011 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
𝟐𝟕−𝒙
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
5. Functions f and g are defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 2 and g : x ↦ , x ≠ 3. Find the
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟑
formula of f • g . Ans; ( f • g )( x )= x ( 6/2013 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Find the formula for the function f • g and g • f where f : R  R and g : R  R are defined
𝒙 𝒙+𝟒 𝒙+𝟐
by f( x ) = x + 2 and g( x ) = . Ans; ( f • g )( x ) = , ( g • f )( x ) = ( 22/ 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Function f and g are given by f ( x ) = 2x2 + 3 and g ( x ) = 2x + 1 . Find the formula of g • f
and f • f in simplified forms.
Ans; ( g • f )( x ) = 4x2 + 7 , ( f • f )( x ) = 8x4 + 24x2 + 21 ( 23/ 2011 ရနးကုနး၊ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Function f and g are given by f ( x ) = 2 – x and g ( x ) = 5 – x2 , then find the formula of
g • f and f • g . Ans; ( g • f )( x ) = 1 + 4x – x2 , ( f • g )( x ) = x2 – 3. ( 34 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Function f and g are given by f ( x ) = x2 + 2 and g ( x ) = 3x + 1 .Find the formula of f • g
and g • f in simplified form.
Ans; ( f • g )( x ) = 9x2 + 6x + 3 , ( g • f )( x ) = 3x2 + 7 . ( 36/2010 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Function f :R  R and g :R  R are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and g ( x ) = x2 + x.Find the
formula of g • f and f • g .
Ans; ( g • f )( x ) = 12x2 + 14x + 4 , ( f • g )( x ) = 6x2 + 2x + 1 . ( 59/2008 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏−𝒛
6.Let f be a function defined by f ( z ) = , z ≠ –1. Find the formula for f • f .
𝟏+𝒛
Ans; ( f • f )( x ) = x ( 63/2008 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
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6.If f( x ) = kx2 + 1 where k is a constant and f( 2 ) = 5 , find the value of k. Find also the
formula of f • f in simplified form. Ans; k = 1 , ( f • f )( x ) = x4 + 2x2 + 2 ( 44/ 2004 မႏၲေလ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ခ္ကးတစးခုခုအာ့ သကးေသ်ပခိုငး့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏
7. If f( x ) = ax + b and g( x ) = ( x – b ) , a ≠ 0 .Show that ( f • g ) ( x ) = x.
𝒂
Solution ( 96 / 2004 ရနးကုနး )
𝟏
f ( x ) = ax + b , g ( x ) = ( x – b ) , a ≠ 0
𝒂
𝟏 𝟏
(f•g)(x)=f(g(x))=f( (x–b))=a( (x–b))+b= x–b+b=x
𝒂 𝒂
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
8. Let f :R → R and g :R → R be f ( x ) = px + 5 , g ( x ) = qx – 3 , where p ≠ 0 , q ≠ 0.

If g • f :R  R is the identity function of R, then prove that p is the reciprocal of q.
Solution ( 66 / 2007 မႏၲေလ့ )
f ( x ) = px + 5 , g ( x ) = qx – 3 , where p ≠ 0 , q ≠ 0.
( g • f )( x ) = x
g ( f ( x )) = x
g ( px + 5 ) = x
q( px + 5 ) – 3 = x
qpx + 5q – 3 = x
( qp )x + 5q = ( 1 ) x + 3  ( လိုေသာတနးဖို့အာ့ ထပးတူညီ်ခငး့ဥပေဒသမြထုတးယူရနး်ပငးေပ့ရမညးံပုဵစ)ဵ
pq = 1
𝟏 𝟏
p= and q =
𝒒 𝒑
 p is the reciprocal of q.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Let f :R  R and g :R  R be f ( x ) = px + 5 and g ( x ) = qx – 3 , where p ≠ 0 , q ≠ 0 .
𝟐
If g • f :R  R is identity function on R , find the value of p. Ans; p = 1 ( 27/2011 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒃
9.A function f: x ↦ ,x ≠ a and a > 0 is such that ( f•f )( x ) = x .Show that x2– ax – b = 0.
𝒙−𝒂
Solution ( 115 / 2002 ကခ္ငး ) ( 4/2016 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ) ( 14/2012 မေကျ့ )
𝒃
f(x)= , x ≠ a and a > 0
𝒙−𝒂
( f • f )( x ) = x
f(f(x))=x
𝒃
f( )=x
𝒙−𝒂
𝒃
𝒃 =x
𝒙−𝒂
−𝒂
𝒃
=x
𝒃−𝒂𝒙+𝒂𝟐
𝒙−𝒂
𝒃𝒙−𝒂𝒃
=x
𝒃−𝒂𝒙+𝒂𝟐
bx – ab = bx – ax2 + a2x
– ab = – ax2 + a2x
ax2 – a2x – ab = 0
a>0
 x2 – ax – b = 0
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟑𝒙
10. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = for all value of x except x = 3 .
𝒙−𝟑
Show that ( f • f )( x ) = x . ( 49/2009 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
1.The function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ ,x≠2,g:x↦ , x ≠ 3.Show that
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟑
( f • g )( x ) = x for all x except x = 3 . ( 112 /2002 ပဲခူ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
မသိကိနး့ ရြာခိုငး့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့
11. If f : x ↦ 2x + b and g; x ↦ 3a – 2x , such that f • g = g • f ,find the relationship between
a and b. Ans ; a = – b ( 3 / 2013 မေကျ့ )
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x + b , g ( x ) = 3a – 2x
( f • g )( x ) = ( g • f )( x )
f(g(x))=g(f(x))
f ( 3a – 2x ) = g ( 2x + b )
2( 3a – 2x ) + b = 3a – 2( 2x + b )
6a – 4x + b = 3a – 4x – 2b
6a + b = 3a – 2b
3a = – 3b
a=–b
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12. Let f :R  R and g • f :R  R are defined by f ( x ) = kx – 1 , where k is a constant and
g ( x ) = x + 12 . Find the value of k for which ( g • f )( 2 ) = ( f • g )( 2 )
Ans; k = 1 ( 5/2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
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𝟔
13. Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 2 , g : x ↦ kx2 – 1 , where k is a
𝒙−𝟐
constant. Given that ( g • f )( 5 ) = 7, evaluate k. Ans ; k = 2 ( 72 / 2007 ရခိုငး )
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14.Let the function f :R →R be defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and g ( x ) = x2 + 5. Find the value of
a ∈ R for which ( f • g )( a ) = f ( a ) + 22.
Ans; a = 3 or a = – 2 ( 8/ 2013 ရခိုငး )( 87 / 2005 ရနးကုနး )
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15. Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ 4x + 1 and g : x ↦ x2 – 3. Find the value of x
which satisfy the equation ( f • g )( x ) = 3x2 + x – 5 .
Solution Ans ; x = 3 or x = – 2. ( 104 / 2004 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
f ( x ) = 4x + 1 , g ( x ) = x2 – 3
( f • g )( x ) = 3x2 + x – 5  ( ေပ့ခ္ကးမို႔လို႔တနး့ေရ့တာ )
2
f( g ( x ) ) = 3x + x – 5
g( x2 – 3 ) = 3x2 + x – 5
4 ( x2 – 3 ) + 1 = 3x2 + x – 5

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4x2 – 12 + 1 = 3x2 + x – 5
x2 – x – 6 = 0
( x – 3 )( x + 2 ) = 0
x = 3 or x = – 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ x2 – 1 and g : x ↦ 3x – 4. Find the value of x
𝟏
which satisfy the equation ( f • g )( x ) = 9 – 3x . Ans ; x = or x = 2 ( 105 / 2003 ရနးကုနး၊
𝟑
မႏ ၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that f ( x ) = 3x – 4, g ( x ) = x2 – 1. Find the value of x which satisfy the equation
𝟏
( g • f )( x ) = 9 – 3x. Ans; x = or x = 2 ( 12/ 2012 ရနးကုနး )( 91 / 2005 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑
3.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 .If ( f • f )( x ) = x , find the value of x.
𝒙−𝟐
Ans; x = 3 or – 1 ( 48/2009 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x – 14 and g ( x ) = x2 + 3. Find the value of x if
( f • g )( x ) = 42. Ans; x = ± 5 ( 51/2009 ကခ္ငး )
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16.Let f :R →R is defined by f ( x ) = ax – 4. Given that ( f )( 3 ) = 5 , find a. Hence solve the
equation ( f • f )( x ) = f ( x ) . Ans; a = 3 , x = 2 ( 5/ 2013 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.The function f is defined by f : x ↦ 1 – x. Solve the equation ( f • f )( x ) = 2 f ( x ) .
𝟐
Ans; x = ( 86/ 2006 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.The function f is defined by f : x ↦ 1 – x. Solve the equation ( f • f )( x ) = f ( x ) .
𝟏
Ans; x = ( 111/ 2003 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
4.A function f is defined by f : x ↦ 2 – . Solve the equation ( f • f )( x ) = f ( x ) .
𝒙
Ans; x = 1 ( 88/ 2005 မႏ ၱေလ့ )
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5.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = 1 + 2x . Find the value of x such that ( f • f )( x ) = 4 f ( x )
𝟏
Ans; x = – ( 107/2003 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ - 33 /2010 ရနးကုနး )
𝟒
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Composite Function ၏ ေဖား်မဴလာရြာခိုငး့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Let f: x ↦ a + bx , f ( 2b ) = b , ( f • f )( b ) = ab. If f is not a constant function, find the
formula for f. Ans ; f ( x ) = x – 1 ( 26 / 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( or )
Let f: x ↦ a + bx , a,b Є R ,is a function from R into Rsuch that f( 2b ) = b , ( f•f )( b ) = ab. If
f is not a constant function, find the formula for f. ( 129 / 2007 မႏၱေလ့ )
Solution
f ( x ) = a + bx
b ≠ 0 because f is not a constant function,
f ( 2b ) = b
a + b( 2b ) = b
a + 2b2 = b  ( 1 )
( f • f )( b ) = ab
f ( f ( b )) = ab
f ( a + b2 ) = ab
a + b( a + b2 ) = ab
a + ab + b3 = ab
a + b3 = 0  ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) – ( 1 )  b3 – 2b2 = – b
b3 – 2b2 + b = 0
b ( b2 – 2b + 1 ) = 0
b ≠ 0 , b2 – 2b + 1 = 0
( b – 1 )2 = 0
b – 1 = 0 and b = 1 in ( 2 )
a + ( 1 )3 = 0 and a = – 1
f(x)=x–1
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Supplimentary Problems
1.Let f: x ↦ a + bx , f ( 4b ) = 2b , ( f • f )( 2b ) = ab. If f is not a constant function, find the
formula for f. Ans ; f ( x ) = x – 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Let f: x ↦ ax – b , f ( 2a ) = a , ( f • f )( a ) = – ab. If f is not a constant function, find the
formula for f. Ans ; f ( x ) = x – 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Let f: x ↦ ax – b , f ( 2a ) = a , ( f • f )( b ) = – ab. If f is not a constant function and a and b
are integers ,where b ≠ 0 , find the formula for f –1. Ans; f –1 ( x ) = x + 1
Solution
f ( x ) = ax – b
f is not a constant function ,  a ≠ 0
f ( 2a ) = a
a( 2a ) – b = a
2a2 – b = a  ( 1 )
( f . f ) ( b ) = – ab
f ( f ( b ) ) = – ab
f ( ab – b ) = – ab

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
a ( ab – b ) – b = – ab
a2b – ab – b = – ab
a2 b – b = 0  ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) – ( 2 )  2a2 – a2b = a
2a2 – a2b – a = 0
a( 2a – ab – 1 ) = 0
a ≠ 0 ,  2a – ab – 1 = 0 and 2a – ab = 1
a( 2 – b ) = 1
a and b are integers ,
 a( 2 – b ) = 1 x 1 or a( 2 – b ) =( –1 )(–1 )
a=1,2–b= 1 or a=–1,2–b= –1
a=1,b=1 or a=–1,b= 3
f(x)=x–1 or f(x)= –x–3
 f –1 ( x ) = x + 1 or f –1( x ) = – x – 3
ပုစာၦတျငး a and b are integers အစာ့ a , b are positive integers ဟုေပ့လာပါက a( 2 – b ) = 1 x 1
တစး်ခမး့တညး့ယူေပ့ရပါမညး။ f –1 ( x ) တနးဖို့မြာလညး့ f –1 ( x ) = x + 1 တစးခုတညး့သာ ်ဖစးလာပါမညး။
2nd method
f ( x ) = ax – b
f is not a constant function ,  a ≠ 0
f ( 2a ) = a
a( 2a ) – b = a
2a2 – b = a
b = 2a2– a  ( 1 )
( f . f ) ( b ) = – ab
f ( f ( b ) ) = – ab
f ( ab – b ) = – ab
a ( ab – b ) – b = – ab
a2b – ab – b = – ab
a2 b – b = 0
b ( a2 – 1 ) = 0
b ≠ 0 ,  a2 – 1 = 0
a = 1 ( or ) a = – 1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
if a = 1 in ( 1 ) , b = 2 – 1 = 1
f ( x ) = x – 1 , f –1 ( x ) = x + 1
if a = – 1 in ( 1 ) , b = 2 + 1 = 3
f ( x ) = – x – 3 , f –1 ( x ) = – x – 3
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3. Functions f : R R and g : R R are defined by f ( x ) = x2 – 7 and g ( x ) = x + 5. Find the
formulae for the functions f • g and g • f .Find also the image of – 1 , 1 under f • g.
Ans ; ( f•g )( x ) = x2 + 10 + 18 , ( g•f )( x ) = x2 – 2 , ( f•g )( – 1 ) = 9 , ( f•g )( 1 ) = 29
( 107 / 2008 မႏၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.g : R R and h : R R are functions defined by g ( x ) = 2x + 1 and h( x ) = x4 .Find the
formulae for the functions g • h , h • g , g • g and h • h . ( 104 / 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Ans ; ( g•h )( x ) = 2x4 + 1 ,( h•g )( x ) = ( 2x + 1 )4 ,( g•g )( x ) = 4x + 3 , ( h•h )( x ) = x16
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𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟏
4.The functions f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ 0.
𝒙 𝒙
Show that ( f • f )( x ) = 2( g • f )( x ) + 3 . ( 207 / 2002 ပဲခူ့ )( 114 / 2008 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟏
f(x)= , x ≠ 0 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 0.
𝒙 𝒙
𝟑𝒇( 𝒙 )+𝟐
L.H.S = ( f • f )( x ) = f ( f ( x )) = ,
𝒇( 𝒙 )
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑𝒇( 𝒙 )+𝟐
R.H.S = 2( g • f )( x ) + 3 = 2 g ( f ( x )) + 3 = 2 ( )+3= +3=
𝒇( 𝒙 ) 𝒇( 𝒙 ) 𝒇( 𝒙 )
L.H.S = R.H.S
 ( f • f )( x ) = 2( g • f )( x ) + 3
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𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟏
5. The functions f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ 0.
𝒙 𝒙
Find ( f • f )( x ) and 2 – 3 ( g • f )( x ). Is ( f • f )( x ) = 2 – 3 ( g • f )( x ). ( 114 / 2008 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟏
f(x)= , x ≠ 0 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 0.
𝒙 𝒙
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟒𝒙−𝟔−𝟑𝒙
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑 𝒙
𝒙
( f • f )( x ) = f ( f ( x )) = f ( )= 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 = 𝟐𝒙−𝟑
𝒙 ( )
𝒙 𝒙
𝒙−𝟔 𝟑
( f • f )( x ) = , x≠
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟏 𝒙 𝟑
( g • f )( x ) = g ( f ( x )) = g ( )= 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 = , x≠
𝒙 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐
𝒙
𝒙 𝟒𝒙−𝟔−𝟑𝒙 𝒙−𝟔 𝟑
2 – 3 ( g • f )( x ) = 2 – 3( )= = , x≠
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
 ( f • f )( x ) = 2 – 3 ( g • f )( x )
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6. A functions h is defined by h : x ↦ x + 1. Another function g is such that
( g • h ): x ↦ x2+ 2x + 5 . Express ( g • h )( x ) in the form a( x + 1 )2 + b and state the value
of a and b. Hence write down the expression for g ( x ). ( 203 /2003 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
Solution
( g • h )( x ) = x2+ 2x + 5 ကို a( x + 1 )2 + b ပုဵစဵေဖား်ပပါဟုဆိုထာ့သ်ဖငးံ a( x + 1 )2 + b ကို ဖျငးံခ္

သညးံအခါ a( x2+ 2x + 1 ) + b ပဵုစဵရလာမညး။ ထိုပုဵစဵႏြငးံ ညီေအာငး x2+ 2x + 5 ကို်ပငးေရ့သညးံအခါ
x2+ 2x + 1 + 4 = ( 1 )( x2+ 2x + 1 ) + 4 ပဵုစဵရလာမညး။ထိုပုဵစဵႏြစးခုႏႈိငး့ယြဥး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ a တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ b တနးဖို့
မ္ာ့ရလာပါမညး။
h( x)=x+1
( g • h )( x ) = x2+ 2x + 5 = ( x2+ 2x + 1 ) + 4 = ( 1 )( x + 1 )2 + 4
 ( g • h )( x ) in the form a( x + 1 )2 + b = ( 1 )( x + 1 )2 + 4 , where a = 1 and b = 4
( g • h )( x ) = g ( h ( x )) = g ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) 2 + 4
 g ( x ) = x2 + 4
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1.A functions h is defined by h : x ↦ x – 4. Another function g is such that
( g • h ): x ↦ x2– 8x + 8 . Express ( g • h )( x ) in the form a( x – 4 )2 + b and state the value
of a and b. Hence write down the expression for g ( x ).
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မသိကိနး့တစးလုဵ့ရြာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
7. Let f ( x ) = x – 2 , g ( x ) = x2 and h ( x ) = x + 8 . If ( h.g )( a ) = ( g.f ) ( a ) then find the

value of “a”. Ans ; a = – 1 ( 7 / 2013 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ ) (139/ 2007 မျနး၊ကရငး၊ တနသၤာရီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝒙
8. Two functions are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ –1 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 .Find the value of x
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟐
for which ( f • g ) ( x ) + ( g • f ) ( x ) = 0.
𝟓
Ans ; x = 0 or x = ( 17 / 2013 ကခ္ငး ) ( 96 / 2009 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
𝟐
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9. If f and and g are defined by f( x ) = 4x – 1 and g ( x ) = 2x2 + 3. Then solve the
equation ( f • g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) + 24.
𝟑
Ans ; x = or x = – 1 ( 133/ 2007 စစးကိုငး့ခ္ငး့ )( 197 / 2003 စစးကိုငး့ခ္ငး့ )
𝟐
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10.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x – 1 , g ( x ) = x + 1. Find the value of x for
𝟑
which [ f ( x ) ] 2 = ( f • g )( x ). Ans ; x = 0 or x = ( 149 / 2006 ရနးကုနး )
𝟐
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒙
Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 1 , g ( x ) = ax + b , where a and b are
𝒙−𝟏
constants. Given that g ( 3 ) = 8 and ( g.f )( 2 ) = 5 , calculate the value of a and b.
Ans ; a = 3 , b = – 1 ( 88 / 2009 မေကျ့ )
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f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x ) = ax + b and g ( x ) = x + 3 where a and b are
constants. If ( f • g )( 1 ) = ( g • f )( 3 ) = 16 , find the value of a and b.
Ans ; a = 3 , b = 4 ( 92 / 2009 ပဲခူ့ )
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Function f and g are defined by f( x ) = ax + b , where a and b are constants , and
g ( x ) = x + 7 .Find the value of a and b if ( f • g )( 1 ) = 7 and ( g • f )( 9 ) = 22.
Ans ; a = 8 , b = – 57 ( 155 / 2006 စစးကိုငး့၊ ခ္ငး့ )
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Function f : R  R and g : R  R are defined f ( x ) = ax + b , where a and b are constants ,
g ( x ) = x + 7 , ( g • f )( 1 ) = 5 and ( f • g )( 1 ) = 19. Find the value of a and b and hence find
the formula of g • f . Ans ; a = 3 , b = – 5 ,( g • f )( x ) = 3x + 2 ( 49 / 2011 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
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𝒂
11. Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 3 , g ( x ) = 11 + bx2 , where x Є R. Given
𝟑−𝒙
𝟒 𝟏
that ( f • f )( 5 ) = and ( f • g )( 2 ) = – , evaluate a and b.
𝟓 𝟐
Ans ; a = 4 , b = – 4 ( 201 / 2003 မျနး၊ကရငး၊ တနသၤာရီ )
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ႏြစးခုထကးပိုေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့အာ့ compsition လုပးယူ်ခငး့
ပုႏ
ဵ ြိပစ
း ာအုပးတျငး ဤပုစာၦပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့သိပးမပါသ်ဖငးံ ေအာကးပါပုစာၦအာ့ေလံက္ငးံတျကးခ္ကးရနး်ဖညးံေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး။
Find the formula of (( f . g ) . h ) ,( f . ( g . h ) ) and (( g . h ) . f ) for the following functions.
(a)f(x)=x+1, g(x)=x– 1, h(x)=x
( b ) f ( x ) = 2x + 1 , g(x)=2 , h(x)=3
( c ) f ( x ) = 3 – 2x , g(x)= 𝒙−𝟏, h ( x ) = x2 – 2
𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
(d)f(x)= , g(x)= , h ( x ) = 2x – 4
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
𝒙−𝟐
(e)f(x)= , g ( x ) = 5x2 , h(x)= 𝟐−𝒙
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
Solution
(a)f(x)=x+1, g(x)=x– 1, h(x)=x
(( f . g ) . h )( x ) = ( f . g )( h ( x )) = ( f . g )( x ) = f ( g ( x )) = f ( x – 1 ) = x – 1 + 1 = x
( f . ( g . h ) )( x ) = f (( g .f ) ( x )) = f ( g ( h ( x ))) = f ( g ( x )) = f ( x – 1 ) = x – 1 + 1 = x
(( g . h ) . f )( x ) = ( g . h )( f ( x )) = ( g . h )( x + 1 ) = g ( h ( x + 1 )) = g ( x + 1) = x + 1 – 1 = x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) f ( x ) = 2x + 1 , g(x)=2 , h(x)=3
(( f . g ) . h )( x ) = ( f . g )( h ( x )) = ( f . g )( 3 ) = f ( g ( 3 )) = f ( 2 ) = 4 + 1 = 5
( f . ( g . h ) )( x ) = f (( g .f ) ( x )) = f ( g ( h ( x ))) = f ( g ( 3 )) = f ( 2 ) = 4 + 1 = 5

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
(( g . h ) . f )( x ) = ( g . h )( f ( x )) = ( g . h )( 2x + 1 ) = g ( h ( 2x + 1 )) = g ( 3 ) = 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) f ( x ) = 3 – 2x , g(x)= 𝒙−𝟏, h ( x ) = x2 – 2
(( f . g ) . h )( x ) = ( f . g ) ( h ( x )) = ( f . g ) ( x2 – 2 ) = f ( g ( x2 – 2 )) = f ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 − 𝟏 )
=f( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑 ) = 3 – 2 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑
( f . ( g . h ) )( x ) = f (( g .f ) ( x )) = f ( g ( h ( x ))) = f ( g ( x2 – 2 )) = f ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 − 𝟏 )
=f( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑 ) = 3 – 2 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑
(( g . h ) . f )( x ) = ( g . h )( f ( x )) = ( g . h )( 3 – 2x ) = g ( h ( 3 – 2x )) = g ( ( 3 – 2x )2 – 2 )
= g ( 9 – 12x + x2 – 2 ) = g ( 7 – 12x + x2 ) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕
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𝒙−𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
(d)f(x)= , g(x)= , h ( x ) = 2x – 4
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
𝟐(𝟐𝒙−𝟒)+𝟏
(( f . g ) . h )( x ) = ( f . g ) ( h ( x )) = ( f . g ) ( 2x – 4 ) = f ( g ( 2x – 4 )) = f ( )
𝟐(𝟐𝒙−𝟒)+𝟑
𝟒𝒙−𝟕 𝟒𝒙−𝟕−𝟖𝒙+𝟏𝟎
𝟒𝒙−𝟖+𝟏 𝟒𝒙−𝟕 −𝟐 𝟒𝒙−𝟓 𝟑−𝟒𝒙
𝟒𝒙−𝟓
=f( )=f( ) = 𝟒𝒙−𝟕 = 𝟖𝒙−𝟏𝟒+𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎𝒙−𝟐𝟖
𝟒𝒙−𝟖+𝟑 𝟒𝒙−𝟓 𝟐( ) +𝟑
𝟒𝒙−𝟓 𝟒𝒙−𝟓
𝟐(𝟐𝒙−𝟒)+𝟏
( f . ( g . h ) )( x ) = f (( g .f ) ( x )) = f ( g ( h ( x ))) = f ( g ( 2x – 4 )) = f ( )
𝟐(𝟐𝒙−𝟒)+𝟑
𝟒𝒙−𝟕 𝟒𝒙−𝟕−𝟖𝒙+𝟏𝟎
𝟒𝒙−𝟖+𝟏 𝟒𝒙−𝟕 −𝟐 𝟒𝒙−𝟓 𝟑−𝟒𝒙
𝟒𝒙−𝟓
=f( )=f( ) = 𝟒𝒙−𝟕 = 𝟖𝒙−𝟏𝟒+𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟏𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎𝒙−𝟐𝟖
𝟒𝒙−𝟖+𝟑 𝟒𝒙−𝟓 𝟐( 𝟒𝒙−𝟓 )+𝟑
𝟒𝒙−𝟓
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
(( g . h ) . f )( x ) = ( g . h )( f ( x )) = ( g . h )( )=g(h( )) = g ( 2( )– 4 )
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
−𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟔 −𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝟐+𝟐𝒙+𝟑
𝟐𝒙−𝟒−𝟖𝒙−𝟏𝟐 −𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟔 𝟐( )+𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
=g( )=g( ) = −𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟔 = −𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝟐+𝟔𝒙+𝟗
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐( 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 )+𝟑
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
−𝟏𝟎𝒙−𝟐𝟗 𝟏𝟎𝒙+𝟐𝟗
= =
−𝟔𝒙−𝟐𝟑 𝟔𝒙+𝟐𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙−𝟐
(e)f(x)= , g ( x ) = 5x2 , h(x)= 𝟐−𝒙
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
(( f . g ) . h )( x ) = ( f . g ) ( h ( x )) = ( f . g ) ( 𝟐 − 𝒙 ) = f ( g( 𝟐 − 𝒙 )) = f( 5 ( 𝟐 − 𝒙 )2 )
𝟏𝟎−𝟓𝒙−𝟐 𝟖−𝟓𝒙
= f( 5 ( 2 – x )) = f ( 10 – 5x ) = =
𝟐(𝟏𝟎−𝟓𝒙)+𝟑 𝟐𝟑−𝟓𝒙
𝟖−𝟓𝒙
( f . ( g . h ) )( x ) =
𝟐𝟑−𝟓𝒙

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
(( g . h ) . f )( x ) = ( g . h )( f ( x )) = ( g . h )( )=g(h( )) = g( 𝟐 − )
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
𝟒𝒙+𝟔−𝒙+𝟐 𝟑𝒙+𝟖 𝟑𝒙+𝟖 2 𝟑𝒙+𝟖 𝟏𝟓𝒙+𝟒𝟎

= g( ) = g( ) = 5( ) = 5( )=
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
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Exercise - 1.6
1. f : R  R , g : R  R and h : R  R are functions defined by f ( x ) = x – 2 , g ( x ) = x3 and
h ( x ) = 4x. Show that (( h.g ) . f )( x ) = 4( x – 2 )3 and (( f.g ) . h )( x ) = 64x3 – 2 . Calculate
(( h . g ).f )( 1 ) and (( f . g ) . h )( 1 ).
Solution
f ( x ) = x – 2 , g ( x ) = x3 , h ( x ) = 4x
(( h.g ) . f )( x ) = ( h . g )( f ( x )) = ( h.g )( x – 2 ) = h( g( x – 2 )) = h(( x – 2)3 ) = 4( x – 2 )3
(( f.g ) . h )( x ) = ( f.g )( h( x )) = ( f.g )( 4x ) = f( g( 4x )) = f ( ( 4x ) 3 ) = f ( 64x3) = 64x3 – 2
(( h.g ) . f )( 1 ) = 4( 1 – 2 )3 = – 4
(( f.g ) . h )( 1 ) = 64 – 2 = 62
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1.f : R R , g : R R and h : R R are functions defined by f ( x ) = x2 + 2 , g ( x ) = x – 1 and
h( x ) = 4x – 1 . Find the formulae of f • g and f • ( h • g ).
Ans ; ( f • g )( x ) = x2 – 2x + 3 , ( f • ( h • g ) )( x ) = 9x2 – 30x + 27 ( 72 / 2010 ဧရာွတီ )
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f : R R , g : R R and h : R R are functions defined by f ( x ) = x + 2 , g ( x ) = x2 – 1 and
h( x ) = 3x – 2 . Find the formulae of h • g and (( f • g ) • h ).
Ans ; ( h • g )( x ) = 4x2 – 5 , (( f • g ) • h ) ( x ) = 16x2 – 8x + 2 ( 84 / 2009 ရနးကုနး )
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𝒌𝒙+𝟓
2.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = for all x ≠ 1 , where k is a constant. If f–1 ( 7 ) = 4,
𝒙−𝟏
find the value of k. If g ( x ) = 2x + 3, find the formula of ( f–1 • ( g • f ) ) in simplified form.
𝟏𝟔𝒙+𝟐 𝟏𝟏
Ans ; k = 4 , ( f–1 • ( g • f ) )( x ) = ,x≠– ( 18 / 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟕𝒙+𝟏𝟏 𝟕
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တစးခါတစးရဵတျငး အထကးပါ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ composition လုပး်ခငး့ပုဵစဵမြ အေပၚအဆငးံမ္ာ့ခ္နးလြပး်ပီ့ ခါ့လယးမြ
်ဖတးေမ့ တတးသညးကိုလညး့ သတိထာ့ရပါမညး။ ဥပမာ
Find the formula of f.g for the given function f ( x ) = x – 3 , g ( x ) = 2x + 1 and find also
( f.g )( 3 ).
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦကိုရြငး့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
Solution
f(x)=x–3 ေဖား်မဴလာ ရြာယူ်ခငး့ image ရြာယူ်ခငး့
g ( x ) = 2x + 1 ( f.g )( x ) ( f.g )( 3 )
=f(g(x)) =f(g(3))
= f ( 2x + 1 )  = f ( 2( 3 ) + 1 )
= 2x + 1 – 3 =f(7)
= 2x – 2 =7–3=4

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦတျကးသညးံ အဆငးံမ္ာ့မြ ေအာကးဆုဵ့ သုဵဆငးံစီကို ပိုငး့ယူ်ပီ့ ေမ့ချနး့ထုတးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
If the function f is given that f ( 2x + 1 ) = 2x – 2 , find f ( 7 ).

ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့ ေမ့ချနး့ေလ့ ်ဖစးလာပါသညး။
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If the function f is given that f ( 2x + 1 ) = 2x – 2 , find f ( 7 ).
သမာရို့က္ တျကးနညး့
Solution
f ( 2x + 1 ) = 2x – 2
let 2x + 1 = a
2x = a – 1
f(a)=a–1–2 =a–3
f(x)=x–3
f(7)=7–3=4
အထကးပါသညး သမာရို့က္ တျကးနညး့ သညး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအာ့ f ( x ) ်ဖစးေအာငး အရငးေ်ပာငး့်ပီ့မြ
f ( 7 ) အာ့ တျကးယူ်ခငး့ ်ဖစးသညး။ ႏြငးံ ကို ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးပါက တနးဖို့ ရလာမညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
်ဖတးလမး့ တျကးနညး့
f ( 2x + 1 ) = 2x – 2
f ( 7 )  7 မြ 1 ဖယးထုတး်ပီ့ အရငး ခ္ေရ့ 6 က္နး  f ( 7 )= f ( …. + 1 )

က္နးေသာ 6 အာ့ 2 အေ်မြာကး 3 ပုဵစဵ ေ်ပာငး့  f ( 7 )= f ( 2( 3 ) + 1 )
2x + 1 ႏြငးံ 2( 3 ) + 1 ကို ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးပါက တနးဖို့ ရလာမညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
f ( 7 )= f ( 2( 3 ) + 1 ) = 2 ( 3 ) – 2 = 6 – 2 = 4
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1.A function f is defined by f ( 2x + 1 ) = x2 – 3 . Find a ∈ R such that f ( 5 ) = a2 – 8 .
Ans; a = ± 3 ( 2/2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ) ( 32/2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
f ( 2x + 1 ) = x2 – 3 Rechack
f ( 5 ) = a2 – 8 a2 – 8 = ( ± 3 ) 2 – 8 = 9 – 8 = 1
f ( 2( 2 ) + 1 ) = ( 2 )2 – 3 = 4 – 3 = 1 f ( 5 ) = f ( 2( 2 ) + 1 ) = 22 – 3 = 1
a2 – 8 = 1
a2 = 9 = ( ± 3 ) 2
a=±3
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1.A function f:RR is defined by f ( 3x + 1 ) = x2 + 1. Find a ∈ R such that f ( 10 ) = a2 – 6.
Ans; a = ± 4 ( 5/2014 ပဲခူ့ )
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2.A function f is defined by f ( x + 1 ) = 4x + 5 . Find a ∈ R such that f ( 14 ) = a + 14 .
Ans; a = 43 ( 25/2011 မေကျ့ )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3.A function f is defined by f ( 2x + 1 ) = 4x + 5 . Find a ∈ R such that f ( 6 ) = a + 14 .
Ans; a = 1 ( 92/2005 ရခိုငး )
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a. A function f is defined by f ( 3x – 2 ) = 5 + 6x . Find the value of k if f ( 10 ) = k 2 + 13 ,
where k is a natural number.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. A function f is defined by f ( x2 ) = x2 – 1 . Find a ∈ R such that f ( 10 ) = a2.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. A function g is defined by g( x + 1 ) = 2x2 + 3x + 4 . Find a ∈ R such that g( a ) = 2a2 + 3 .
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d. A function g is defined by g( x2 – 1 ) = 3x2 – 2 . Find a ∈ R such that g( 11a ) = 100 .
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e. A function f is defined by f ( x + 1 ) = x2 – x . Find the value of p if f ( p ) = 0 , where p is a
prime number.
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2. A function f is defined by f ( 3x – 2 ) = 5 + 6x .Find the value of f –1 ( 29 ) .
Ans; f –1 ( 29 ) = 10 ( 4/2013 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )( 73/2007 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
f ( 3x – 2 ) = 5 + 6x , f –1 ( 29 ) = ?
f –1 ( 5 + 6x ) = 3x – 2
f –1 ( 29 ) = f –1 ( 5 + 6( 4 )) = 3 ( 4 ) – 2 = 12 – 2 = 10
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1.A function f: R  R is defined by f ( x + 2 ) = 2x + 5 . Find f –1 ( 3 ) . ( 54/2008 ရနးကုနး )
Ans; f –1 ( 3 ) = 1
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Finding f ( x )
ေရြ႕တျငးတျကးခဲံ်ပီ့ေသာဖနးရြငးပုစာၦမ္ာ့မြာေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးတစးခုေအာကး တျငး ရြာလိုရာ image တနးဖို့မ္ာ့
ရြာယူသညးံ ပုဵစဵပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖစးသညး။ ဥပမာ ဖနးရြငး f ( x ) = 2x – 3 ေအာကးတျငး
2x+1 ၏ image ကိုရြာလိုပါက
f ( x ) = 2x – 3
the image of f ( 2x + 1 ) = 2 ( 2x + 1 ) – 3 = 4x + 2 – 3
f ( 2x + 1 ) = 4x -1
ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့ ်ဖစးသညး။ ယခုတစးဖနး f( 2x + 1 ) = 4x – 1 ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵမြ f( x ) အာ့ ်ပနးရြာယူသညးံပုဵစဵကို
ေလံလာၾကညးံပါမညး။
If f( 2x + 1 ) = 4x – 1 , then find f( x ).
f( 2x + 1 ) = 4x – 1
( 1 )လိုခ္ငးတာက f( x ) ဆိုသညးံ x တစးလုဵ့တညး့ပုဵစဵ ေပ့ထာ့တာက f( 2x + 1 ) ဆိုသညးံ 2x + 1
ႏြစးလုဵ့ေပါငး့ပုဵစဵ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ 2x + 1 အာ့ မသိကိနး့တစးခုခု ( ဥပမာ - a ) ဆိုသညးံ တစးလုဵ့တညး့ပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
let 2x + 1 = a
𝒂−𝟏
then x = ,
𝟐
( 2 )်ပီ့လ္ြငး 2x + 1 = a ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ f( 2x + 1 ) မြ 2x + 1 ေနရာတျငး a သျငး့
f( 2x + 1 )  f( a )
𝒂−𝟏
( 3 )ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဖကးရြိ 4x – 1 မြ x ေနရာတျငး သျငး့
𝟐
𝒂−𝟏
f( a ) = 4( ) – 1 = 2( a – 1 ) – 1 = 2a – 1 – 1
𝟐
f( a ) = 2a – 3
( 4 )လိုခ္ငးတာက f( a ) မဟုတးပဲ f( x ) ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုလုဵ့ရြိ a ေနရာအာ့လုဵ့အာ့ x သျငး့
f( x ) = 2x – 3
ထိုသို႔်ဖငးံ မူရငး့ f( x ) အာ့ ်ပနးရပါမညး။
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Find f ( x ) the following function.
( 1 )f ( x + 3 ) = 2x – 3 ( 2 ) f ( 3 – x ) = 4x – 3 ( 3 ) f ( 3 – 2x ) = 2x – 3
𝒙−𝟏
( 4 ) f ( 2x – 5 ) = 1 + 3x ( 5 ) f ( 1 – x ) = 3x – 4 ( 6 ) f ( x + 7 ) =
𝟐−𝒙
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
(7)f(x+7)= ( 8 ) f ( 2x +1 ) =
𝟐−𝒙 𝟐𝒙−𝟑
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function တစးခုႏြငးံ Composite function တစးခုေပ့ထာ့ၿပီ့ အ်ခာ့ function တစးခုရြာခိုငးေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exercise - 1.5
No - 6,7,8  Find the function g : R  R for the given functions.
(a)f(x)=x+1 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 2x + 7 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 4x – 7
( b ) f ( x ) = 3x – 5 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = x – 3 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 3x – 5
𝒙+𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
( c ) f ( x ) = 5x – 2 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) =
𝟐 𝟐
(d)f(x)=x+1 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = x2 + 5x + 5 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = x2 + 5x + 5
( e ) f ( x ) = x2 + 1 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = x2 + 4x + 5 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = x2 + 5
( f ) f ( x ) = 2x2 – 3 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 8x2 – 24x + 15 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 4x4 – 12x2 + 3
( g ) f ( x ) = x2 + 3 ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 4x2 + 3 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙+𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
(h)f(x)= ,x≠ ( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) =
𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Solution
(a)f(x)=x+1
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 2x + 7
f ( g ( x )) = 2x + 7
g ( x ) + 1 = 2x + 7

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
g ( x ) = 2x + 6
Rechack ; ( f.g )( x ) = f ( g ( x )) = f ( 2x + 6 ) = 2x + 6 + 1 = 2x + 7
( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 4x – 7
( အထကးပါ ပုစာၦအတျကး တျကးနညး့ သုဵ့နညး့တျကး်ပပါမညး။ ကေလ့မ္ာ့အာ့ အဆငးေ်ပရာတစးနညး့်ဖငးံသာ
တျကးခိုငး့ပါ။ )
1st method
( g.f )( x ) = 4x – 7
g ( f ( x ) ) = 4x – 7
g ( x + 1 ) ) = 4x – 7
let a = x + 1 , then x = a – 1
g ( a ) = 4 ( x – 1 ) – 7 = 4x – 4 – 7 = 4x – 11
2nd method 3rd method

g ( x + 1 ) ) = 4x – 7 g( x + 1 )) = 4x – 7 = 4x + 4 – 11
g( x – 1 + 1 ) = 4( x – 1 ) – 7 = 4x – 4 – 7 = 4( x + 1 ) – 11
g ( x ) = 4x – 11 g(x) = 4x – 11
Rechack ; ( g.f )( x ) = g ( f ( x )) = g ( x + 1 ) = 4( x + 1 ) – 11 = 4x + 4 – 11 = 4x – 7
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( b ) f ( x ) = 3x – 5
( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 3x – 5
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = x – 3
g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( 3x – 5 ) = 3x – 5
f ( g ( x )) = x – 3
g(x)=x
3( g ( x )) – 5 = x – 3
3( g ( x )) = x + 2
𝒙+𝟐
g( x ) =
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) f ( x ) = 5x – 2 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) =
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 g(f(x))=
f(g(x))= 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 g ( 5x – 2 ) =
5 g( x ) – 2 = 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐𝒙
𝒙+𝟓 𝒙+𝟓+𝟒 𝒙+𝟗 𝟐𝒙 𝟐( 𝟓 )+𝟏
5g(x)= +2= = g ( 5( )–2)=
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
𝒙+𝟗 𝟒𝒙+𝟓
g(x)= g(x)=
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
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(d)f(x)=x+1 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = x2 + 5
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = x2 + 5x + 5 g ( f ( x ) ) = x2 + 5x + 5
g ( x + 1 ) = x2 + 5x + 5
2
f ( g ( x ) ) = x + 5x + 5 g ( x – 1 + 1 ) = ( x – 1 )2 + 5( x – 1 ) + 5
= x2 – 2x + 1 + 5x – 5 + 5
g ( x ) + 1 = x2 + 5x + 5
= x2 + 3x + 1
2
g ( x ) = x + 3x + 1
g ( x ) = x2 + 5x + 4
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( e ) f ( x ) = x2 + 1 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = x2 + 5
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = x2 + 4x + 5 g ( f ( x ) ) = x2 + 5
f ( g ( x )) = x2 + 4x + 5 g ( x2 + 1 ) = x2 + 5
( g ( x ))2 + 1 = x2 + 4x + 5 g ( x2 – 1 + 1 ) = x2 – 1 + 5
( g ( x ))2 = x2 + 4x + 4 = [  ( x + 2 ) ]2 g ( x2 ) = x2 + 4
g(x)=( x+2) g(x)=x+4
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( f ) f ( x ) = 2x2 – 3 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 4x4 – 12x2 + 3
2
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 8x – 24x + 15 g ( f (x ) ) = 4x4 – 12x2 + 3
2
f ( g ( x ) ) = 8x – 24x + 15 g ( 2x2– 3 ) = 4x4 – 12x2 + 3
= 4( x2 )2 – 12x2 + 3
2( g( x ) )2 – 3 = 8x2 – 24x + 15 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 2 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑
g( 2 ( ) –3 ) = 4( ) – 12( )+ 3
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2( g( x ) )2 = 8x2 – 24x + 18 𝟒 𝟐
𝒙 +𝟔𝒙 +𝟗 2
= 4( ) – 6( x + 3 ) + 3
𝟒
2 2 2 4 2 2
( g( x ) ) = 4x – 12x + 9 g ( x ) = x + 6x + 9 – 6x – 18 + 3
= [  ( 2x – 3 )] 2 = x4 – 6 = ( x2 )2 – 6
g ( x ) = x2 – 6
g( x ) =  ( 2x – 3 )
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( g ) f ( x ) = x2 + 3 ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3
2
( i ) ( f.g )( x ) = 4x + 3 g ( f ( x )) = 2x2 + 3
f ( g ( x )) = 4x2 + 3 g ( x2 + 3 ) = 2x2 + 3
2 2
( g ( x )) + 3 = 4x + 3 g ( x2 – 3 + 3 ) = 2( x2 – 3 ) + 3
2 2
( g ( x )) = (  2x ) = 2x2 – 6 + 3
g ( x ) =  2x 2
g ( x ) = 2x – 3 2
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𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
(h)f(x)= ,x≠ ( ii ) ( g.f )( x ) =
𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
(i) 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 g ( f ( x )) =
𝟐
( f.g )( x ) = 𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝟐 g( )=
𝒙+𝟓 𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
f ( g ( x )) = 𝟏
𝟐 let a =
𝟏 𝒙+𝟓 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
= 2ax – a = 1
𝟐𝒈( 𝒙 )−𝟏 𝟐
2ax = 1 + a
2( x + 5 )g( x ) – x – 5 = 2 𝟏+𝒂
x=
𝟐𝒂
𝟏+𝒂
( 2x + 10 )g( x ) = x + 7 𝟐(
𝟐𝒂
)+𝟏 𝟏+𝒂+𝒂 𝟏+𝟐𝒂
g( a ) = = =
𝟐 𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂
𝒙+𝟕 𝟏+𝟐𝒙
g(x)= g(x)= ,x≠0
𝟐𝒙+𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝒙

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ပိုမိုခကးခဲေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. If f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and f ( g ( x ) + 1 ) = 3x – 2 , find g ( x ).
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x + 1
f ( g ( x ) + 1 ) = 3x – 2
f ( g ( x ) + 1 ) = 2( g ( x ) + 1 ) + 1 = 2g( x ) + 2 + 1 = 2g( x ) + 3
𝟑𝒙−𝟓
 2g( x ) + 3 = 3x – 2 and g ( x ) =
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and f ( 2g ( x ) – x ) = 3x – 2 , find g ( x ).
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x + 1
f ( 2g( x ) – x ) = 3x – 2
f ( 2g( x ) – x ) = 2( 2g( x ) – x ) + 1 = 4g( x ) – 2x + 1
𝟓𝒙−𝟑
 4g( x ) – 2x + 1 = 3x – 2 and g ( x ) =
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. If f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and f ( h( x ) – 4x ) = h( x ) – 2 , find h ( x ).
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x + 1
f ( h( x ) – 4x ) = h( x ) – 2
f ( h( x ) – 4x ) = 2( h( x ) – 4x ) + 1 = 2h( x ) – 8x + 1
 2h( x ) – 8x + 1 = h( x ) – 2 and h ( x ) = 8x – 3
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4. If f ( x ) = 3x + 1 and f ( h( 3x – 1 ) – 2x ) = 9x – 5 , find h ( x ).
Solution
f ( x ) = 3x + 1
f ( h( x ) – 2x ) = 9x – 5
f ( h( 3x – 1 ) – 2x ) = 3( h( 3x – 1 ) – 2x ) + 1 = 3h( 3x – 1 ) – 6x + 1
 3h( 3x – 1 ) – 6x + 1 = 9x – 5
3h( 3x – 1 ) = 15x – 6
h( 3x – 1 ) = 5x – 6
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏 𝟓𝒙+𝟓−𝟏𝟖 𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟑
h ( 3( ) – 1 ) = 5( ) –6= =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟑
h(x)=
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. If f ( x ) = 3x – 1 and g ( x ) = 2x + 1 , then find f ( 3g( x + 1 ) + f( x ) + 5x ).
Solution
f ( x ) = 3x – 1 , g ( x ) = 2x + 1
f ( 3g( x + 1 ) + g( x ) + 5x ) = 3( 3g( x + 1 ) + f( x ) + 5x ) – 1
= 9g( x + 1 ) + 3f( x ) + 15x – 1
= 9( 3( x + 1 ) – 1 ) + 3( 3x – 1 ) + 15x – 1
= 9( 3x + 3 – 1 ) + 9x – 3 + 15x – 1
= 9( 3x + 2 ) + 24x – 4
= 27x + 18 + 24x – 4
= 51x + 14
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( အထကးပါပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး ဆငးံပျာ့ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့ မိမိဘာသာ ထုတးယူပါ။ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
function တစးခုႏြငးံ Composite function တစးခုေပ့ထာ့ၿပီ့ အ်ခာ့ function တစးခုရြာခိုငးေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1.If f :R →R and g • f :R →R are defined by f ( x ) = x2 + 3 and ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3
respectively, find g–1( 3 ). Ans; g –1( 3 ) = 3 ( 9/ 2014 ကခ္ငး )
( or )
If f :R → R is defined by f ( x ) = x2 + 3 , find the function g such that ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3 .
Ans; g ( x ) = 2x – 3 . ( 1 / 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ )( 98 / 2004 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
( or )
If f :R → R is defined by f ( x ) = x2 + 3 , find the function g such that ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3 .
𝒙+𝟑
Find also g –1( x ). Ans; g ( x ) = . ( 64 / 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟐
Solution
( 9/ 2014 ကခ္ငး ) အတျကး အေ်ဖ
f ( x ) = x2 + 3 , ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3 ,
( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3
g ( f ( x ) ) = 2x2 + 3
f ( x ) = g –1 ( 2x2 + 3 )
g –1 ( 2x2 + 3 ) = x2 + 3
g –1 ( 3 ) = g –1 ( 2( 0 ) + 3 ) = ( 0 )2 + 3 = 3
( 1 / 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ )( 98 / 2004 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ ) အတျကး အေ်ဖ
f ( x ) = x2 + 3 , ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3 , g ( x ) = ?
( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3
g ( f ( x ) ) = 2x2 + 3
g ( x2 + 3 ) = 2x2 + 3 = 2x2 + 6 – 3 = 2( x2 + 3 ) – 3
 g ( x ) = 2x – 3
( 64 / 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ) အတျကး အေ်ဖ

f ( x ) = x2 + 3 , ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3 , g ( x ) = ?
( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 3
g ( f ( x ) ) = 2x2 + 3
f ( x ) = g –1 ( 2x2 + 3 )
g –1 ( 2x2 + 3 ) = x2 + 3
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑
g –1 ( 2( )+3 ) +3)=( )+3
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑+𝟔 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑
g –1 ( x2 ) = =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙+𝟑
g –1 ( x ) =
𝟐
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1.let the function f :R →R is defined by f ( x ) = x2 + 3. Find the function g:R → R such that
( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 5. Ans; g ( x ) = 2x – 1. ( 74 / 2007 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2.If f and g are functions such that g ( x ) = 2x + 1 and ( g • f )( x ) = 2x2 + 4x – 3 , find the
formula of f • g in simplified form. Ans; ( f • g )( x ) = 4x2 + 8x + 1 ( 10/ 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.let f :R → R is defined by f ( x ) = 4x + 1. Find the formula of g:R → R such that
( f • g ) ( x ) = 21 – 12x. Ans; g ( x ) = 5 – 3x . ( 35/ 2010 မေကျ့၊ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.If f and g are functions such that f ( x ) = 2x – 1 and ( g • f )( x ) = 4x2 – 2x – 3 , find the
formula of g in simplified form.
Ans; g ( x ) = x2 + x – 3 ( 6/ 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ) ( 11/ 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
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2. let f :R  R is defined by f( x ) = x2 + 1 , find the function g such that
( f . g )( x ) = x2+ 4x + 5. Ans; g( x ) = ± ( x + 2 ) ( 68/ 2007 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
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3.let f :R  R is defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 3 , find the formula of g such that
𝒙−𝟕
( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = x + 3. Ans; g ( x ) = . ( 10/ 2013 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟑
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Composition & Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Composite function ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အာ့ Inverse သေဘာတရာ့မ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ေရာယြကးေမ့်မနး့လာပါက ေမ့ႏိုငး

သညးံပုဵစဵ ေလ့မ္ဳိ့ ရြိပါသညး။ ယငး့တို႔မြာ
1. တစးခုလုဵ့ inverse  ( f.g ) –1
2. တစးခုခ္ငး့ inverse  ( f–1 . g–1 )
3. ေရြ႕ inverse  ( f–1 . g )
4. ေနာကး inverse  ( f . g–1 )
ယငး့ပုဵစဵေလ့မ္ဳိ့အနကး ေရြ႕သုဵ့မ္ဳိ့ ( တစးခုလုဵ့ inverse ၊ တစးခုခ္ငး့ inverse ၊ ေရြ႕ inverse ) တို႔မြာ
ပုစာၦအေနအထာ့အရ Inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့တျကးလိုသညးံအခါ တျကးလို႔ရပါသညး။ ေနာကးဆုဵ့တစးခု (ေနာကး
inverse ) ပုဵစဵမြာမူ Inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့တျကးလို႔မရပဲ မ်ဖစးမေန Inverse ရြာေပ့ရမညးံ ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးပါသညး။
တစးခုလုဵ့ Inverse ၊ တစးခုခ္ငး့ Inverse ၊ ေရြ႕ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

Exercise 1.8
3. Function f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x ) = 2 and g ( x ) = x + 2. ( a ) Find
formula for the inverse function f –1 and g –1. ( b ) Find formula for
1. ( a ) Find the formula of ( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 ) , ( iii ) ( f –1.g ) in each case.
( b ) Find also ( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( 3 ) , ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( 3 ) , ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( 3 )
1. f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = 3x + 5
𝟏
2. f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g(x)= ,x≠–2
𝒙+𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
3. f(x)= ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
4. f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
5. f(x)= , x≠–1, g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
သတိ်ပဳရနး
( f.g )–1( x ) သညး ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) ≠ ႏြငးံ လုဵ့ဝ လုဵ့ဝ မတူပါ။ ( f.g )–1( x ) ≠ ( f –1.g –1 )( x )
( f.g )–1( x ) ≠ ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = f –1 ( g –1( x )) ဟု ေ်ပာငး့ယူပါက လုဵ့ဝ မြာ့ပါသညး။
( f.g )–1( x ) အတျကး inverse formula ရြာေပ့ရမညးံ ပုဵစဵမြာ ( f.g )–1( x ) ကို မသိကိနး့တစးခုခု
( ဥပမာ - a ) ်ဖငးံညီေပ့၍ ( f.g ) ၾကီ့တစးကျငး့လုဵ့ကို inverse ေပ္ာကးေစရနး ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးဖကးသို႔
ပို႔ေပ့ရပါမညး။
let ( f.g )–1( x ) = a , then x = ( f.g )( x )
ဤသို႔ ပို႔ရာတျငး ( f.g ) ႏြငးံအတူ ၁ငး့၏ကျငး့ ( f.g )( ….. ) ပါ တစးခါတညး့ လိုကးသျာ့ရပါမညး။
Solution
1 f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = 3x + 5
( a )( i ) let ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = a , then ( f.g )( a ) = x
( f.g )( a ) = f ( g ( a )) = f ( 3a + 5 ) = 2( 3a + 5 ) – 3 = 6a + 10 – 3 = 6a + 7
6a + 7 = x
6a = x – 7
𝒙−𝟕
a=
𝟔
𝒙−𝟕
( a )( i ) , ( b ) ( i )
( f.g )–1 ( x ) = ( a )( ii ) , ( b ) ( ii )
𝟔 ( a )( iii ) , ( b ) ( iii )
𝟑−𝟕 𝟒 𝟐
( b ) ( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( 3 ) = =– =– အတျဲလိုကး တစးတခ
ျဲ ္ငး့စီ တျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး။
𝟔 𝟔 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a )( ii ) let ( f–1.g–1 ) ( x ) = b , ( a ) ( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( x ) = c
then f–1 ( g–1 ( x ) ) =b then , f –1( g ( x )) = c
g–1 ( x ) =f(b) g(x)=f(c)
x = g ( f ( b )) = g ( 2b – 3 ) 3x + 5 = 2c – 3
= 3( 2b – 3 ) + 5 = 6b – 9 + 5 = 6b – 4 2c = 3x + 8
6b = x + 4 𝟑𝒙+𝟖
𝒙+𝟒 c=
𝟐
b =
𝟔 𝟑𝒙+𝟖
𝒙+𝟒 ( f –1.g )( x ) =
𝟐
( f–1.g–1 ) ( x ) =
𝟔 𝟗+𝟖 𝟏𝟕 𝟏
𝟑+𝟒 𝟕 𝟏 ( b ) ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( 3 ) = = =8
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
( b )( ii ) ( f–1.g–1 )( 3 ) = = =1
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ရြာထာ့ေသာ ေဖား်မဴလာ မြနး၊ မမြနး ႏြငးံ ရြာထာ့ေသာ image မြနး၊ မမြနး ကို ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့ တစးခါတညး့ေပါငး့်ပီ့
်ပနးစစးႏိုငပ
း ါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Rechack
𝒙−𝟕 𝟐
for ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = and ( f.g )–1 ( 3 ) = –
𝟔 𝟑
( f.g )–1 ( 3 ) = a ⇋ ( f.g )( a ) = 3
f ( g ( a )) = f ( 3a + 5 ) = 2( 3a + 5 ) – 3 = 6a + 10 – 3 = 6a + 7
𝟒 𝟐
 6a + 7 = 3 , 6a = – 4 , a=– =–
𝟔 𝟑
ရြာထာ့ေသာ ေဖား်မဴလာေရာ ရြာထာ့ေသာ image ပါ မြနးပါသညး။
𝒙+𝟒 𝟕
for ( f–1.g–1 ) ( x ) = and ( f –1.g–1 )( 3 ) =
𝟔 𝟔
( f–1.g–1 ) ( 3 ) = f–1 ( g–1 ( 3 ) ) =b
g–1 ( 3 )
= f ( b ) = 2b – 3
3 = g ( 2b – 3 ) = 3( 2b – 3 ) + 5 = 6b – 9 + 5 = 6b – 4
𝟕
6b = 7 , b =
𝟔
 ရြာထာ့ေသာ ေဖား်မဴလာေရာ ရြာထာ့ေသာ image ပါ မြနးပါသညး။
𝟑𝒙+𝟖 𝟏𝟕
for ( f –1.g )( x ) = and ( f –1.g )( 3 ) =
𝟐 𝟐
f –1( g ( 3 )) = c
g(3)=f(c)
9 + 5 = 2c – 3
𝟏𝟕
2c = 14 + 3 = 17 , c =
𝟐
 ရြာထာ့ေသာ ေဖား်မဴလာေရာ ရြာထာ့ေသာ image ပါ မြနးပါသညး။
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
2. f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g(x)= ,x≠–2
𝒙+𝟐
( a ) ( i ) let ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = a , then ( f.g )( a ) = x
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐−𝟑𝒂−𝟔 −𝟑𝒂−𝟒
( f.g )( a ) = f ( g ( a )) = f ( ) = 2( )–3= =
𝒂+𝟐 𝒂+𝟐 𝒂+𝟐 𝒂+𝟐
−𝟑𝒂−𝟒
=x
𝒂+𝟐
– 3a – 4 = ax + 2x
ax + 3a = – 2x – 4
a ( x + 3 ) = – ( 2x + 4 )
𝟐𝒙+𝟒
a =–
𝒙+𝟑
𝟐𝒙+𝟒
( f.g )–1 ( x ) = , x≠–3
𝒙+𝟑
𝟔+𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
( b ) ( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( 3 ) = – =– =–
𝟑+𝟑 𝟔 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( a )( ii ) let ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = b
( a )( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( x ) = c
f –1( g –1 ( x ) ) = b
f –1 ( g ( x )) = c
g–1 ( x ) = f ( b ) = 2b – 3
g (x)=f(c)
𝟏 𝟏
x = g ( 2b – 3 ) = = 𝟏
𝟐𝒃−𝟑+𝟐 𝟐𝒃−𝟏 = 2c – 3
𝒙+𝟐
2bx – x = 1 𝟏 𝟏+𝟑𝒙+𝟔 𝟑𝒙+𝟕
2bx = 1 + x 2c = +3= =
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟐
𝒙+𝟏 𝟑𝒙+𝟕
b = c=
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟒
𝒙+𝟏 𝟑𝒙+𝟕
( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = , x≠0 ( f –1.g )( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟒
𝟑+𝟏 𝟗+𝟕 𝟏𝟔 𝟖
( b )( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( 3 ) = =–2 ( b )( iii ) ( f –1.g )( 3 ) = = =
−𝟐 𝟔+𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
3. f ( x ) = ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
( a )( i ) let ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = a
then , ( f.g )( a ) = x
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝒂+𝟏
( f.g )( a ) = f ( g ( a )) = f ( )= 𝟏 = 𝟓+𝟒𝒂+𝟐 =
𝟐𝒂+𝟏 𝟓( )+𝟐 𝟒𝒂+𝟕
𝟐𝒂+𝟏 𝟐𝒂+𝟏
𝟐𝒂+𝟏
= x
𝟒𝒂+𝟕
4ax + 7x = 2a + 1
2a – 4ax = 7x – 1
a ( 2 – 4x ) = 7x – 1
𝟕𝒙−𝟏
a =
𝟐−𝟒𝒙
𝟕𝒙−𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟏−𝟏 𝟐𝟎
( a ) ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = , x≠ ( b ) ( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( 3 ) = = =–2
𝟐−𝟒𝒙 𝟐 𝟐−𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟎
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) ( ii ) let ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = b
( a )( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( x ) = c
f –1( g –1 )( x ) = b
f –1( g ( x ) ) = c
𝟏 g(x)=f(c)
g–1 ( x ) = f ( b ) =
𝟓𝒃+𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 =
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟓𝒄+𝟐
x = g( )= 𝟏 = 𝟐+𝟓𝒃+𝟐 5c + 2 = 2x + 1
𝟓𝒃+𝟐 𝟐( 𝟓𝒃+𝟐 )+𝟏
𝟓𝒃+𝟐 5c = 2x – 1
𝟓𝒃+𝟐 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
x = c=
𝟓𝒃+𝟒 𝟓
5bx + 4x = 5b + 2 𝟐𝒙−𝟏
( f –1.g )( x ) =
5bx – 5b = 2 – 4x 𝟓
𝟔−𝟏
b ( 5x – 5 ) = 2 – 4x ( b )( iii )( f –1.g )( 3 ) = =1
𝟓

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟐−𝟒𝒙
b =
𝟓𝒙−𝟓
𝟐−𝟒𝒙
( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = , x≠1
𝟓𝒙−𝟓
𝟐−𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟎
( ii ) ( g.f )–1 ( 3 ) = = = –1
𝟏𝟓−𝟓 𝟏𝟎
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
(4) f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
( 5) f(x)= , x≠–1, g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့သညး f.g ႏြငးံ g.f ေအာကးတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ element မ္ာ့၏ image မ္ာ့ကို
ရြာခိုငး့ေသားလညး့ f.g ႏြငးံ g.f တို႔၏ ေဖား်မဴလာကို ရြာခိုငး့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့ တျကးလို႔မရပါ။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find a ∈ R , such that ( i )( f.g )–1 ( a ) = 3 , ( ii )( f –1.g –1 )( a )= 3 , ( iii )( f –1.g )( a ) = 3 for
each pair of function.
𝟏
( a ) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = 3x + 5 ( b ) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝒙+𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
(c) f(x)= ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
(d) f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
(e) f(x)= , x≠–1, g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
(f) f(x)= ,x≠ , g(x)= ,x≠
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
Solution
(a) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g ( x ) = 3x + 5
( i ) If ( f.g )–1 ( a ) = 3 ,
( f.g )( 3 ) = a ( ii ) If ( f –1.g –1 ) ( a ) = 3 , ( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( a ) = 3
( f.g )( 3 ) = f ( g ( 3 ) ) f –1( g –1 ( a )) = 3 f –1( g ( a ) ) = 3
= f ( 3( 3 ) + 5 ) g–1 ( a ) = f ( 3 ) g ( a ) = f ( 3 ) 2( 3 ) – 3
= f ( 14 ) = 2( 3 ) – 3 = 6 – 3 =6–3
= 2 ( 14 ) – 3 g–1 ( a )= 3 3a + 5 = 3
= 28 – 3 = 25 a =g(3) 3a =–2
 a = 25 = 9 + 5 = 14 𝟐
a =–
𝟑
 a = 14
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
(b) f ( x ) = 2x – 3 , g(x)= ,x≠–2
𝒙+𝟐
( i ) If ( f.g )–1 ( a ) = 3 ,
( ii ) If ( f –1.g –1 ) ( a ) = 3 ( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( a ) = 3
( f.g )( 3 ) = a
f –1( g –1 ( a )) = 3 f –1( g ( a ) ) = 3
( f.g )( 3 ) = f ( g ( 3 ) )
𝟏 g–1 ( a ) = f ( 3 ) g ( a ) = f ( 3 ) = 2( 3 ) – 3
=f( ) = 2( 3 ) – 3 g(a) =6–3
𝟑+𝟐
𝟏 = 6–3 𝟏
=f( ) =3
𝟓 g–1 ( a ) = 3 𝒂+𝟐
𝟏 3a + 6 = 1
=2( )– 3 a = g(3)
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 a =–
𝟐−𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟑 a = 𝟑
= =– 𝟑+𝟐
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏
𝟏𝟑 a =
a=– 𝟓
𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
(c) f(x)= ,x≠– , g(x)= ,x≠–
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
( i )If ( f.g )–1 ( a ) = 3 ,
( f.g )( 3 ) = a
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟕
( f.g )( 3 ) = f ( g ( 3 ) ) = f ( )=f( ) = 𝟏 = 𝟓+𝟏𝟒 =
𝟔+𝟏 𝟕 𝟓 +𝟐 𝟏𝟗
𝟕 𝟕
𝟕
a =
𝟏𝟗
( ii ) If ( f –1.g –1 ) ( a ) = 3 , ( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( a ) = 3
f –1( g –1 ( a )) = 3 f –1( g ( a ) ) = 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
g–1 ( a ) = f ( 3 ) = = g(a)=f(3)= =
𝟓( 𝟑 )+𝟐 𝟏𝟕 𝟓( 𝟑 )+𝟐 𝟏𝟕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
a =g( ) = 𝟏 = 𝟐+𝟏𝟕
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏𝟕 𝟐( )+𝟏 =
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟐𝒂+𝟏 𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟕
a = 2a + 1 = 17 and a = 8
𝟏𝟗
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
(d) f(x)= ,x≠– , g( x ) = ,x≠–2
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑 𝒙+𝟐
𝟏𝟗 𝟏𝟏
Ans ; ( i ) a = – ( ii ) a = ( iii ) a = – 12
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟏
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
(e) f(x)= , x≠–1, g(x)= , x≠5
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟓
𝟏𝟏 𝟖 𝟏𝟏
Ans ; ( i ) a = ( ii ) a = – ( iii ) a = –
𝟕 𝟗 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐
(f) f(x)= ,x≠ , g(x)= ,x≠
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
( i ) If ( f.g )–1 ( a ) = 3 ,
( ii ) If ( f –1.g –1 ) ( a ) = 3 ( iii ) let ( f –1.g )( a ) = 3
then ( f.g )( 3 ) = a f –1( g –1 ( a )) = 3 f –1( g ( a ) ) = 3
( f.g )( 3 ) = f ( g ( 3 ) ) g–1 ( a ) = f ( 3 ) g(a) =f(3)
𝟑−𝟏 𝟏−𝟑
=f( ) 𝟏−𝟑 −𝟐
𝟗−𝟐 = = =
𝟐 𝟐−𝟗 −𝟕 𝟐−𝟗
=f( ) 𝟐 −𝟐
𝟕 g–1 ( a ) = =
𝟐 𝟕 −𝟕
𝟏− 𝟕 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟕
−𝟏 g(a) =
= 𝟐 a=g( )= 𝟕
𝟐−𝟑( 𝟕 ) 𝟐
𝟕 𝟑 −𝟐 𝒂−𝟏 𝟐
𝟕 =
𝟕−𝟐 𝟐−𝟕 𝟑𝒂−𝟐 𝟕
𝟕 𝟓 𝟕 −𝟓 7a – 7 = 6a – 4
= 𝟏𝟒−𝟔 = = 𝟔−𝟏𝟒 =
𝟖 −𝟖 a = 3
𝟕 𝟕
𝟓 𝟓
a = a =
𝟖 𝟖
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့သညး f.g ႏြငးံ g.f ေအာကးတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ element မ္ာ့၏ image မ္ာ့ကို
သာရြာခိုငး့ထာ့်ပီ့ f.g ႏြငးံ g.f တို႔၏ ေဖား်မဴလာကို မရြာခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့ တျကးလရ ို႔ ပါသညး။
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
တစးခုလုဵ့ Inverse ၊ တစးခုခ္ငး့ Inverse ၊ ေရြ႕ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Find the function g : R  R for the given functions.
(a)f(x)=x+1
( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = 2x + 7 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = 4x – 7 ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x ) = 3x + 5
( b ) f ( x ) = 3x – 5
( i ) ( f.g )–1( x ) = x – 3 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = 3x – 5 ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x ) = 5 – 3x
( c ) f ( x ) = 2x – 5
𝒙+𝟓 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
( i ) ( f.g ) –1 ( x ) = ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x ) = x2 – 5
𝟐 𝟐
( d ) f ( x ) = x2 + 1
( i ) ( f.g ) –1 ( x ) = x + 1 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1)( x ) = x ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x )= 2x – 3
Solution
( a )( i ) ( f.g )–1 ( x ) = 2x + 7 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = 4x – 7
( f.g )( 2x + 7 ) = x f –1( g –1( x ) ) = 4x – 7
f ( g ( 2x + 7 )) = x g –1( x ) = f ( 4x – 7 ) = 4x – 7 + 1 = 4x – 6
g ( 2x + 7 ) + 1 = x x = g ( 4x – 6 )
g ( 2x + 7 ) = x – 1 𝒙+𝟔 𝒙+𝟔
𝒙−𝟕 𝒙−𝟕 𝒙−𝟕−𝟐 g ( 4( )–6)=
g ( 2( )+ 7 ) = –1= 𝟒 𝟒
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝒙+𝟔
𝒙−𝟗 g(x)=
g(x)= 𝟒
𝟐
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x ) = 3x + 5
f –1( g ( x ) ) = 3x + 5
g ( x ) = f ( 3x + 5 ) = 3x + 5 + 1 = 3x + 6

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) f ( x ) = 3x – 5 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) = 3x – 5
( i ) ( f.g )–1( x ) = x – 3 f –1( g –1 ( x ) ) = 3x – 5
x = ( f.g )( x – 3 ) g –1 ( x )= f ( 3x – 5 )
f ( g ( x – 3 )) = x = 3( 3x – 5 ) – 5 = 9x – 15 – 5
3g(x–3)–5=x = 9x – 20
𝒙+𝟓
g(x–3)= x = g ( 9x – 20 )
𝟑 𝒙+𝟐𝟎 𝒙+𝟐𝟎
𝒙+𝟑+𝟓 g(9( ) – 20 ) =
g(x+3–3)= 𝟗 𝟗
𝟑 𝒙+𝟐𝟎
𝒙+𝟖 g(x)=
g(x)= 𝟗
𝟑
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x ) = 5 – 3x
f –1( g )( x ) ) = 5 – 3x
g ( x ) = f ( 5 – 3x ) = 3( 5 – 3x ) – 5 = 15 – 3x – 5 = 10 – 3x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) f ( x ) = 2x – 5 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x ) = x2 – 5
𝒙+𝟓 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1 )( x ) =
( i ) ( f.g ) –1 ( x ) = 𝟐 f –1( g ( x )) = x2 – 5
𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
–1 –1
𝒙+𝟓 f (g (x)) =
𝟐
g ( x ) = f ( x2 – 5 )
x = ( f.g )( )
𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 = 2( x2 – 5 ) – 5
𝒙+𝟓 g –1 ( x ) = f ( )
f ( g( )) = x 𝟐 = 2x2 – 10 – 5
𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝒙+𝟓 = 2( )–5 g ( x ) = 2x2 – 15
2 g( )–5=x 𝟐
𝟐 𝟒𝒙+𝟐−𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝒙 −𝟖
𝒙+𝟓 𝒙+𝟓 g –1 ( x )= =
g( )= 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒𝒙 −𝟖
g(x)=x g( ) =x
𝟐
𝒙
𝟒( 𝟐+ 𝟐 )−𝟖 𝒙
g( ) = +2
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙
g(x)= +2
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) f ( x ) = x2 + 1 ( ii ) ( f –1.g –1)( x ) = x ( iii ) ( f –1.g )( x )= 2x – 3
( i ) ( f.g ) –1 ( x ) = x + 1 f –1( g ( x )) = 2x – 3
( f.g )( x + 1 ) = x –1 –1
f ( g ( x )) = x g ( x ) = f ( 2x – 3 )
f(g(x+1))=x g –1 ( x ) = f ( x ) = x2 + 1 = ( 2x – 3 )2 + 1
2
(g(x+1)) +1=x g ( x2 + 1 ) = x = 4x2 – 12x + 9 + 1
( g ( x + 1 ) )2 = x – 1 g(( 𝒙−𝟏) +1)= 𝒙−𝟏𝟐
g ( x ) = 4x2 – 12x + 10
g(x+1)= 𝒙−𝟏 g(x)= 𝒙−𝟏
g(x–1+1)= 𝒙−𝟏−𝟏
g( x ) = 𝒙 − 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

1. A function f is defined, for x ∈ R , by f ( x ) = 2x – 3 . Find the value of x for which
f ( x ) = f –1 ( x ). Ans; x = 3 ( 3/2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ ) ( 56/2008 မေကျ့ )
Solution
ပုစာၦတျငး f –1 မရြာခိုငး့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့တျကးႏိုငးပါသညး။
f ( x ) = 2x – 3
f ( x ) = f –1 ( x ) , x = ?
2x – 3 = f –1 ( x )
 f ( 2x – 3 ) = x
2 ( 2x – 3 ) – 3 = x
4x – 6 – 3 = x
3x = 9
x=3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A function f is defined, for x ∈ R ,by f : x ↦ 5x – 4 .
Find the value of x for which f( x ) = f –1( x ). Ans; x = 1 ( 60/2008 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑−𝒙
2.A function f is defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 0.Find the value of x for which f( x ) = f –1( x ).
𝟐𝒙
𝟑
Ans; x = – ( or ) x = 1 ( 4/2014 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ ) ( 45/2009 မေကျ့ )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒𝒙−𝟗
2. A function f is given by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 2.Find the value of x for which 4f –1( x ) = x .
𝒙−𝟐
Ans; x = 6 ( 6/2014 ဧရာွတီ ) ( 61/2008 ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟔
1.A function f is given by f : x ↦ 5 – , x ≠ 0 .Find the value of x for which 4f –1( x ) = x .
𝒙
Ans; x = 2 ( or ) x = 3 ( 67/2007 မေကျ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙
3.A function f is defined by f : x ↦ + a. If f –1( 3 ) = 2 , find the value of a . Ans; a = 1 or 2
𝒂
Solution ( 13/ 2012 မႏၲေလ့ )
𝒙
f(x)= +a
𝒂
f –1 ( 3 ) = 2
f(2)=3
𝟐
+a=3  ( ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့အာ့ a ်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးပါ။ )
𝒂
2
2 + a = 3a
a2 – 3a + 2 = 0
( a – 1 )( a – 2 ) = 0
a = 1 or a = 2
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒙
1.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = + a . If f –1( 5 ) = 6 , find the value of a .
𝒂
Ans; a = 2 or 3 ( 62/ 2008 ကခ္ငး )
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𝟒𝒙+𝟓 𝟏
2.Let f : R → R be given by f ( x ) = , x≠ , f –1( 3 ) = 1 . Find a .
𝒂𝒙−𝟏 𝒂
Ans; a = 4 ( 31/2011 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟏
3.If f : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = , x≠ , f –1( 1 ) = 1 . Find the value of a .
𝒂𝒙−𝟏 𝒂
Ans; a = 6 ( 58/2008 ပဲခူ့)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝒂
4.Let f : R → R be given by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , f( 8 ) = 3 . Find the value of a and f –1( 7 ) .
𝒙−𝟐
Ans; a = 10 , f –1( 7 ) = 4 ( f –1 အာ့ ရြာေပ့ရနး မလိုပါ။ ) ( 16/2012 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝒂
5.Given that f ( x ) = , x ≠ 3 and f( 8 ) = 3 , find the value of a and f –1( 11 ).
𝒙−𝟑
Ans; a = 7 , f –1( 11 ) = 4 ( 40 /2010 ကခ္ငး )( 102 /2004 ရခိုင)း
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟏
4.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = x ≠ 3 and g ( x ) = . Find ( g –1 • f )( x ).
𝒙 𝒙
𝒙 𝟐
Ans; ( g –1 • f )( x ) = ,x≠– ( 80/2006 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Function f :R → R and g :R → R are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and g ( x ) = 4x2 – 2x + 3. Find
( f –1 • g )( x ). Ans; ( f –1 • g )( x ) = 2x2 – x + 1 ( 53/2009 ႏိင
ု းငဵ်ခာ့ )
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5. Function f :R  R and g :R  R are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 1 and g ( x ) =3x. Find a Є R
such that ( g–1 • f )( a ) = 3. ( 78/2006 မေကျ့ )
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x + 1 , g ( x ) =3x.
( g–1 • f )( a ) = 3
g–1( f ( a ) ) = 3
f(a)=g(3)
2a + 1 = 3 ( 3 ) = 9
2a = 8 and a = 4
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6. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = 3x + 5 and g ( x ) = 3( x – 5 ). Find the value of a such
that ( g • f ) –1( a ) = 10. ( 39/2010 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
Solution
f ( x ) = 3x + 5 , g ( x ) = 3( x – 5 ).
( g • f ) –1( a ) = 10
( g • f )( 10 ) = a

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
g ( f ( 10 ) ) = a
g ( 30 + 5 ) = g ( 35 ) = a
3 ( 35 – 5 ) = a
a = 90
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1.Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ 2x + 1 , g : x ↦ 3x . Find the value of x such that
𝟏
( f • g ) –1 ( x ) = 𝟔 . Ans; x = 4 ( 100 /2004 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙
2.Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 3 , g : x ↦ 3x + 5. Find the value of x for
𝒙−𝟑
𝟏
which ( f • g ) –1 ( x ) = 0. Ans; x = 2 ( 30/2011 ကခ္ငး )
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑−𝒙
3.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 4x2 – 1 and g : x ↦ . Find the value of x for
𝟐
which ( f • g ) –1 ( x ) = 5. Ans; x = 3 ( 85/2006 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
7. Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ 2x – 6 , x ≠ 3 , g : x ↦ ( x + 6 ). Find the formula
𝟐
of ( g • f ) –1 ( x ). Ans; ( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = x ( 43/2009 ရနးကုနး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
8. Let f :R → R be given by f ( x ) = 2x – 6 and a function g by g ( x ) = ( x + 6 ). Show that
𝟐
( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = x. ( 108 / 2003 ဧရာွတီ )( 9/ 2013 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
𝟏
f ( x ) = 2x – 6 , g ( x ) = (x+6)
𝟐
( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = x
( ်ပခိုငး့ခ္ကး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ဤကဲသ း ါ။ )
ံ ို႔ လုဵ့ွမေရ့ရပါ ေရ့လ္ြငး ေအာကးအဆငးံမ္ာ့ အမြတးမရေတာံမညး မဟုတပ
let ( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = a
 ( g • f )( a ) = x
g(f(a))=x
𝟏
g( (a+6))=x
𝟐
𝟏
2( ( a + 6 ) ) – 6 = x
𝟐
a+6–6=x
a=x
 ( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = x
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
1.A function f is defined by f: x ↦ 3x + 5 and g ( x ) = ( x – 5 ), ( g•f ) –1( x ) = x.
𝟑
( 76 / 2006 ရနးကုနး )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
f : x ↦ 3x + 5 and g :x ↦ ( x – 5 ) , given. Show that ( g • f ) –1 ( x ) = x . ( 11/2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
1.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ –1 , Find the value of x for which 2f –1 ( x ) = x.
𝒙+𝟏
Ans ; x = ± 𝟔 ( 137 / 2007 ဧရာွတီ )
Solution
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
f(x)= , x ≠ –1 and 2f –1 ( x ) = x , x = ?
𝒙+𝟏
2 f–1 ( x ) = x
𝒙
f –1 ( x ) =
𝟐
𝒙
f( )=x
𝟐
𝒙
𝟐( 𝟐 )+𝟑
𝒙 =x
+𝟏
𝟐
𝒙+𝟑
𝒙+𝟐 =x
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙
x+3= ,
𝟐
2x + 6 = x2 + 2x , x2 = 6 and x = ± 𝟔
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𝒙+𝟏𝟐
1.The function h is defined by h ( x ) = , x ≠ 3 . Find h–1 ( 4 ) and the positive number q
𝒙−𝟑
such that h ( q ) = q. Ans ; h–1 ( 4 ) = 8 , q = 6 ( 147 / 2007 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - 206 / 2002 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
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2.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = – x – 2 , g ( x ) = mx + 3. Find the value of m for
𝟏
which ( f•f )( x ) = ( g•f )( x ). Hence find g –1( 5 ). Ans ; m = 4 , g –1( 5 ) = ( 51 / 2011 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏
1.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ – , g ( x ) = x + 1 . Find the value of
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
–1 𝟓 𝟏
x for which f • f = g • f . Find also f ( 3 ). Ans ; x = – , f –1( 3 ) = – ( 110 / 2008 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟔 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.Let f ( x ) = 1 + 3x , x ≠ 0 . Find the value of k if ( f • f )( k ) + 2f(–2k ) = 0. Then find
𝟏
f –1 ( k ). Ans ; k = 2 , f –1 ( k ) = f –1 ( 2 ) = ( 190 / 2004 ကခ္ငး )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = x – 4 .Given that ( f • f ) ( k ) + 2f (–2k ) = 2 . Calculate k.
Ans ; k = – 6 ( 151 / 2006 မႏ ၱေလ့ )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂
3. Let f( x ) = +1 ,x ≠ 0 ,where a is a constant.
𝒙
Find the value of a if 6( f•f )( –1 ) + f –1( 2 ) = 0.
Ans ; a = 3 or a = – 2 ( 47 / 2011 မေကျ့၊ကခ္ငး ) ( 156 / 2006 ပဲခူ့ ) ( 209 / 2002 ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒑
1.Let f ( x ) = + 2 , x ≠ 0 , where a is a constant. Given that 4( f • f )( 2 ) + 3f –1( 3 ) = 0.
𝒙
𝟖
Calculate the value of p. Ans ; p = – ( or ) p = 4 ( 94 / 2009 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂
2.A function f is defined by , for x ≠ 0 by f : x ↦ 2 – , where a is a constant. Given that
𝒙
𝟏
( f • f )( 2 ) + f –1(– 1 ) = – 1.Calculate the possible value of a.
𝟐
Ans ; a = – 8 or a = 3 ( 168 / 2005 မေကျ့ )
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မသိကိနး့ႏြစးလုဵ့ရြာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝒙
1. Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , g ( x ) = ax + b . Given that
𝟐−𝒙
g ( x ) = 3 and ( g.f ) ( 5 ) = – 7 , calculate the value of a and b.
–1
Ans ; a = 3 , b = – 2 ( 5 / 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ )

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙
Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , g ( x ) = px + q . Given that g –1 ( 7 ) = 3
𝟐−𝒙
and ( g.f ) ( 5 ) = – 7 , calculate the value of p and q.
Ans ; p = 3 , q = – 2 ( 108 / 2008 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏𝟐
Function f and g are defined by f( x ) = ax + b , g ( x ) = , x ≠ –1.
𝒙+𝟏
Given that f ( 2 ) = g –1 ( 2 ) and ( f • g )( –3 ) = – 3 , calculate the value of a and b.
Ans ; a = 1 , b = 3 ( 113 / 2008 ရခိုငး ) ( 205 / 2002 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x + a , g ( x ) = –3x + b. Given that ( f.f )( 4 ) = 4
and g ( 3 ) = g–1 ( 3 ) , calculate the value of a and b.
Ans ; a = – 8 , b = 12 ( 24 / 2012 မႏ ၱေလ့ )( 112 / 2008 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙 𝟐
3.Function f and g are defined f ( x ) = 3x + 2 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ . Evaluate ( g • f )( 3 )
𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
𝟐𝟐 𝟐
and ( g –1• f –1 )( 1 ). Ans ; ( g • f )( 3 ) = , ( g –1• f –1 )( 1 ) = ( 31 / 2012 ကခ္ငး )
𝟑𝟏 𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Composite & Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
တစးကျငး့လုဵ့ Inverse/ ေရြ႕ Inverse/ ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( သို႔ ) Inverse ေရြာငး်ပီ့တျကးႏိုငးသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟐𝒙
1. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 4 . Find the non zero value of x for which
𝒙−𝟒
( f • f )( x ) = f –1 ( x ). Ans ; x = 6 ( 78 / 2010 ကခ္ငး ) ( 2002-2013 ) ( 199 / 2003 ဧရာွတီ )
Solution
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒇( 𝒙 )
f(x)= ,x≠4 2nd method  = f –1 ( x )
𝒙−𝟒 𝒇( 𝒙 )−𝟒
( f • f )( x ) = f –1 ( x ) 𝟐𝒇( 𝒙 )
f ( f ( x )) = f –1 ( x ) f( )= x
𝒇( 𝒙 )−𝟒
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒇( 𝒙 )
f( ) = f –1 ( x ) 𝟐( )
𝒙−𝟒 𝒇( 𝒙 )−𝟒
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒇( 𝒙 ) = x
𝟐( 𝒙−𝟒 ) −𝟒
= f –1 ( x ) 𝒇( 𝒙 )−𝟒
𝟐𝒙
𝒙−𝟒
−𝟒
𝟒𝒙
𝒙−𝟒 𝟒𝒇( 𝒙 )
𝟐𝒙−𝟒𝒙+𝟏𝟔 = f ( x )
–1
𝒇( 𝒙 )−𝟒
𝒙−𝟒
= x
𝟐𝒇 𝒙 –𝟒𝒇 𝒙 +𝟏𝟔
𝟒𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 +𝟒
= f –1 ( x )
𝟏𝟔−𝟐𝒙 𝟒𝒇( 𝒙 )
𝟐𝒙 = x
= f –1 ( x ) 𝟏𝟔−𝟐𝒇( 𝒙 )
𝟖−𝒙 4 f ( x ) = 16x – 2x f( x )
𝟐𝒙 4 f ( x ) + 2x f( x ) = 16x
f( )=x 2 f ( x ) + x f( x ) = 8x
𝟖−𝒙
𝟐𝒙 f ( x ) ( 2 + x ) = 8x
𝟐( 𝟖−𝒙 ) 𝟖𝒙
𝟐𝒙 =x f(x)=
−𝟒 𝒙+𝟐
𝟖−𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟖𝒙
𝟒𝒙 =
𝒙−𝟒 𝒙+𝟐
𝟖−𝒙 𝟏 𝟒
𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝟐+𝟒𝒙 = x =
𝟖−𝒙 𝒙−𝟒 𝒙+𝟐
𝟒𝒙
=x x + 2 = 4x – 16
𝟔𝒙−𝟑𝟐
𝟐𝒙 3x = 18
=x x=6
𝟑𝒙−𝟏𝟔
𝟐
=1,x≠0
𝟑𝒙−𝟏𝟔
2 = 3x – 16
3x = 18 and x = 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
1.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 3 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 .Find the value of x for
𝒙
𝟏
which ( f • g )( x ) = g–1 ( x ). Ans ; x = – ( 195 / 2003 မႏ ၱေလ့ )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙
2.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 . If f • f = f –1 , Find the value of x.
𝒙−𝟐
Ans ; x = 5 ( 143 / 2007 ကခ္ငး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( i ) တစးခုလုဵ့ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝒙
1. Function f and g are defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 3 , g : x ↦ 3x + 5. Find the value of x for
𝒙−𝟑
𝟓 𝟏𝟎
which ( f • g ) –1( x ) = . Ans ; x = ( 9 / 2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
𝟑 𝟕
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙 𝟏𝟎
1.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = ,x≠ , g ( x ) = 5x – 2. Find the value of x
𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟎 𝟑
𝟏
for which ( f • g ) –1( x ) = 0. Ans ; x = – ( 180 / 2004 ရနးကုနး )
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙 𝟏𝟎
2.Functions f and g are defined by f : x ↦ ,x≠ , g : x ↦ 4x – 5. Find the value of x
𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟎 𝟑
for which ( f • g ) –1 ( x ) = 0. Ans ; x = 2 ( 198 / 2003 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙
3.Functions f and g are defined by f : x ↦ , x ≠ 3 , g : x ↦ 3x + 5. Find the value of x for
𝒙−𝟑
𝟓
which ( f • g ) –1 ( x ) = 0. Ans ; x = ( 210 / 2002 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
2. Let f ( x ) = 2x – 1 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 1. Find the formula for ( g • f ) –1 and state the
𝒙−𝟏
domain of ( g • f ) –1. ( 176 / 2005 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ ) ( 3 / 2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟐𝒙+𝟏
Ans ; ( g • f ) –1( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , The domain of ( f • g ) –1( x ) = { x / x Є R , x ≠ 2 }
𝟐𝒙−𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. Let f and g be two functions defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 1 , f ( g ( x ) ) = 3x – 1. Find the
formula for ( f • g ) –1 and hence find ( f • g ) –1( 8 ).
𝒙+𝟏
Ans ; ( f • g ) –1( x ) = , ( f • g ) –1( 8 ) = 3 ( 11 / 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.If f and g are functions such that f ( x ) = x + 1 , f ( g ( x ) ) = 3x – 1. Find the formula for
( g • f ) –1 and hence find ( g • f ) –1( 4 ).
𝒙−𝟏
Ans ; ( g • f ) –1( x ) = , ( g • f ) –1( 4 ) = 1 ( 153 / 2006 မေကျ့ )( 62 / 2010 ရနးကုနး )
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ii ) ေရြ႕ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Let f : R  R , g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 1 and g ( x ) = x + 7 . Find the value

of xfor which ( f –1 • g ) ( x ) = ( g–1 • f ) ( x ) + 8. Ans ; x = 1
( 11 / 2014 ဧရာွတီ ) ( 9 / 2013 ပဲခူ့ ) ( 116 / 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Let f : R  R , g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = 3x + 1 and g ( x ) = x + 7 .
Find the value of x for which ( f –1 • g ) ( x ) = ( g–1 • f ) ( x ) + 8.
Ans ; x = 0 ( 106 / 2008 ရနးကုနး )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = x + 7 , g ( x ) = 3x – 1. Find the value of x
for which and ( g –1• f ) ( x ) = ( f –1• g ) ( x ) + 8 . Ans ; x = 1 ( 32 / 2012 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x + 1 and g ( x ) = x + 7 . Find the value of x Є R
forwhich ( f –1 • g )( x ) = ( g–1 • f )( x ). Ans ; x = 3 ( 109 / 2008 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 1 and g ( x ) = x + 7. Find the value
𝟒 𝟐
of a for which ( g –1• f ) ( 3a2 ) = – 6a. Ans ; a = – or a = ( 175 / 2005 ရခိုငး )
𝟑 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
1.Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined by f : x ↦ 2x – 1 , g : x ↦ , x ≠ 3. Find the value
𝒙−𝟑
𝟏
of a for which ( g –1• f ) ( a ) = 4a. Ans ; a = 1 or a = 𝟒 ( 145 / 2007 ကခ္ငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
2.Functions f and g are defined by f : x ↦ 2x – 1 , g : x ↦ , x ≠ 3. Find the value of x for
𝒙−𝟑
𝟏
which ( g –1• f ) ( x ) = 4x. Ans ; x = 1 or x = ( 196 / 2003 မေကျ့ )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 1, g ( x ) = x + 7. Find ( f –1• g ) ( x )
and what is the value of a Є R for which ( f –1• g ) ( a ) = 3.
𝒙+𝟖
Ans ; ( f –1.g ) ( x ) = , a = 1 ( 164 / 2005 ရနးကုနး )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = x + 7 , g ( x ) = 3x – 1. Find ( f –1• g ) ( x ) and what
is the value of b Є R ( f –1• g ) ( b ) = 4 ? Ans ; ( f –1.g ) ( x ) = 3x – 8 , b = 4 ( 27 / 2012 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = x + 7 , g ( x ) = 3x – 1. Find ( f –1• g ) ( x )
and ( g –1• f ) ( x ) . What are the values of ( f –1• g ) ( 3 ) and ( g –1• f ) ( 2 ) ?
𝒙+𝟖 𝟏𝟎
Ans ; ( f –1.g ) ( x ) = 3x – 8 , ( g –1.f ) ( x ) = , ( f –1.g ) ( 3 ) = 1 , ( g –1.f ) ( 2 ) =
𝟑 𝟑
( 15 / 2018 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.Let f : R  R and g : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 1, g ( x ) = x + 7. Find ( f –1• g ) ( x )
and ( g –1• f ) ( x ) . What are the values of ( f –1• g ) ( 3 ) and ( g –1• f ) ( 2 ) ?
𝒙+𝟖 𝟐
Ans ; ( f –1.g ) ( x ) = , ( g –1.f ) ( x ) = 3x – 8 , ( f –1.g ) ( 3 ) = 3 , ( g –1.f ) ( 2 ) = 2
𝟑 𝟑
( 14 / 2014 ရခိင
ု း)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iii ) ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
1. Function f and g are defined for real x by f ( x ) = 2x – 1 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 1. Evaluate
𝒙−𝟏
( f–1• g–1 )( 2 ) . Ans ; ( f–1• g–1 )( 2 ) = – 9 ( 131 / 2007 မေကျ့ )( 1 / 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟒𝒙+𝟏
1.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 4 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ 2.
𝟐−𝒙
Evaluate ( g • f )( –1 ) and ( f–1• g–1 )( – 5 ).
Ans; ( g • f )( –1 ) = – 3 , ( f–1• g–1 )( – 5 ) = 5 ( 19 / 2013 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Function f and g are defined for real x by f ( x ) = 2x – 1 ,g ( x ) = 2x + 3.
𝟑
Evaluate ( f–1•g–1 )( 2 ). Ans ; ( f–1.g–1 )( 2 ) = – ( 13 / 2018 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙 𝟐
3.Function f and g are defined f ( x ) = 3x + 2 , g ( x ) = ,x≠ . Evaluate ( g • f )( 3 )
𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
𝟐𝟐 𝟐
and ( g–1• f–1 )( 1 ). Ans ; ( g • f )( 3 ) = , ( g–1• f–1 )( 1 ) = ( 31 / 2012 ကခ္ငး )
𝟑𝟏 𝟗
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
တစးကျငး့လုဵ့ Inverse & ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Let f : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = 2x and g : R  R be defined by g ( x ) = x – 1. Show

that ( g • f )–1 = f–1• g–1 . ( 3 / 2014 မႏၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 5 and g ( x ) = 4x – 5.
Verified that ( g–1• f–1 )( x ) = ( f • g )–1( x ).
𝒙+𝟐𝟎
Ans ; ( g–1• f–1 )( x ) = ( f • g )–1( x ) = ( 53 / 2011 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟏𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x + 10 and g ( x ) = 4x – 5. Find( f • g )( x ) .
Show that ( g–1 • f–1 )( x ) = ( f • g ) –1( x ). Ans ; ( f • g )( x ) = 12x – 5 ( 16 / 2014 ကခ္ငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 1.
Determine whether ( f • f )–1( x ) is the same as ( f–1• f–1 )( x ). ( 187 / 2004 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The function f : R  R is defined by f ( x ) = px + 2, if f–1 ( 11 ) = 3, find the value of p and
hence show that ( f • f )–1( x ) = ( f–1• f–1 )( x ). Ans ; p = 3 ( 7 / 2014 စစးကိုငး့၊ ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = ax + 1. If f–1 ( 3 ) = 1 , find the value of a and hence show
that ( f • f )–1( x ) = ( f–1• f–1 )( x ). Ans ; a = 2 ( 82 / 2010 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေနာကး Inverse ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Find the function g : R  R for the given functions.
(a)f(x)=x+1 ( i ) ( f.g–1 )( x ) = 2x + 7 ( ii ) ( g. f –1 )( x ) = 4x – 7
( b ) f ( x ) = 3x – 5 ( i ) ( f.g–1 )( x ) = x – 3 ( ii ) ( g,f –1 )( x ) = 3x – 5
( c ) f ( x ) = 2x – 5 ( i ) ( f.g–1 ) ( x ) = x + 1 ( ii ) ( g.f –1 )( x ) = x

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution
(a)f(x)=x+1
( ii ) ( g. f –1 )( x ) = 4x – 7
( i ) ( f.g–1 )( x ) = 2x + 7
g ( f –1 ( x )) = 4x – 7
f ( g–1( x ) ) = 2x + 7
f –1 ( x ) = g–1 ( 4x – 7 )
g–1( x ) + 1 = 2x + 7
x = f ( g–1 ( 4x – 7 ))
g–1( x ) = 2x + 6
g ( 2x + 6 ) = x g–1 ( 4x – 7 ) + 1 = x
𝒙 −𝟔 𝒙 −𝟔 g–1 ( 4x – 7 ) = x – 1
g(2( )+ 6 ) = g ( x – 1 ) = 4x – 7
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟔 g ( x + 1 – 1 ) = 4 ( x + 1 ) – 7 = 4x + 4 – 7
g(x)= g ( x ) = 4x – 3
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) f ( x ) = 3x – 5 𝟑𝒙−𝟓+𝟓
( ii ) ( g,f –1 )( x ) = 3x – 5 g( ) = 3( 3x – 5 ) – 5
( i ) ( f.g–1 )( x ) = x – 3 –1 𝟑
–1
g ( f ( x )) = 3x – 5
f(g (x))=x–3 g ( x ) = 9x – 20
f –1 ( x ) = g–1 ( 3x – 5 )
3g–1( x ) – 5 = x – 3 –1
x = f ( g ( 3x – 5 ))
3g–1( x ) = x + 2
𝒙+𝟐
3g–1 ( 3x – 5 ) – 5 = x
g–1( x ) = 𝒙+𝟓
𝟑 g–1 ( 3x – 5 ) =
𝒙+𝟐 𝟑
g( )=x 𝒙+𝟓
𝟑 g( ) = 3x – 5
𝟑𝒙 –𝟐+𝟐 𝟑
g( ) = 3x – 2
𝟑
g ( x ) = 3x – 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) f ( x ) = 2x – 5
( ii ) ( g.f –1 )( x ) = x
g ( f –1 ( x )) = x
( i ) ( f.g–1 )( x ) = x + 1
f –1 ( x ) = g–1 ( x )
f ( g–1( x ) ) = x + 1
x = f ( g–1 ( x ))
2 g–1( x ) – 5 = x + 1
2g–1 ( x ) – 5 = x
2g–1( x ) = x + 6
𝒙+𝟔 2g–1 ( x ) = x + 5
g–1( x ) = 𝒙+𝟓
𝟐 g–1 ( x ) =
𝒙+𝟔 𝟐
g( )=x 𝒙+𝟓
𝟐 g( )=x
𝟐𝒙 –𝟔+𝟔 𝟐
g( ) = 2x – 6 𝟐𝒙−𝟓+𝟓
𝟐 g( ) = 2x – 5
𝟐
g ( x ) = 2x – 6 g ( x ) = 2x – 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
မ်ဖစးမေန Inverse ရြာေပ့ရမညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏
1.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 5 and g ( x ) = ( x – 4 ). Find the formula of
𝟑
g–1 and g–1 • f . Ans; g –1( x ) = 3x + 4 , ( g–1 • f ) ( x ) = 6x + 19 ( 17/2012 ဧရာွတီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟑
2.Function f is defined by f ( x ) = ,x ≠ . Find the formula for the inverse function of
𝟑−𝟐𝒙 𝟐
f and calculate ( f • f –1)( 2 ).
𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟑
Ans; f –1( x ) = ,x ≠ – ,( f • f –1 )( 2 ) = 2 ( 28/2011 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
မ်ဖစးမေန Inverse ရြာေပ့ရမညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x – 3 and g ( x ) = 3x + 2. Find the inverse
functions f–1 and g–1. Show that ( f • g )–1( x ) = ( g–1• f–1 )( x ).
𝒙+𝟑 𝒙−𝟐
Ans ; f –1( x ) = , g –1( x ) = ( 5 / 2014 မေကျ့ )
𝟐 𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x + 2 and g ( x ) = 2x – 3. Find the inverse
functions f–1 and g–1. Show that ( f • g )–1( x ) = ( g–1• f–1 )( x ).
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙+𝟑
Ans ; f –1( x ) = , g–1( x ) = ( 98 / 2009 ရခိုငး )
𝟑 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x – 3 and g ( x ) = 3x + 2. Find the inverse
function f–1 and g–1. Show that ( f • g) –1( x ) = ( g–1• f–1 )( x ). ( 5 / 2014 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 4x – 3 and g ( x ) = 2x + 1. Find ( f • g ) and f–1( x )
in simplified forms. Show also that ( f • g )–1( x ) = g–1( f–1 ( x ) ).
𝒙+𝟑
Ans ; ( f • g ) ( x ) = 8x + 1 , f –1( x ) = ( 55 / 2011 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ၊ရခိုငး၊ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.The function f is defined by f ( x ) = 4x – 3 .Find ( f • f )( x ) and f–1 ( x ) in simplified form.
Show also that ( f • f )–1( x ) = ( f–1• f–1 )( x ).
𝒙+𝟑
Ans ; ( f • f )( x ) = 16x – 15 , f –1 ( x ) = ( 44 / 2011 ရနးကုနး၊ မႏၱေလ့ )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐−𝟓𝒙
5.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 4x – 3 and g ( x ) = . Find the inverse
𝒙+𝟏
functions f–1 and g–1. Find also the formula for ( g • f ) –1.
𝒙+𝟑 𝟐−𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟏𝟕
Ans; f –1( x ) = , g–1( x ) = ,x ≠ – 5 ,( g.f ) –1( x ) = ,x ≠ – 5 ( 1 / 2013 ရနးကုနး )
𝟒 𝒙+𝟓 𝟒 (𝒙+𝟓)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙
6.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = and g ( x ) = 2x – 3. Find f–1 and g–1.Hence
𝒙−𝟑
or otherwise find the formula for ( f • g) –1 ( x ). ( 170 / 2005 စစးကိုငး့ ၊ ခ္ငး့ )
𝟐−𝒙 𝒙 𝟐−𝒙
Ans ; f –1( x ) = , g –1( x ) = , x ≠ 1 , ( f • g) –1 ( x ) = ,x≠–1
𝟑 𝟏−𝒙 𝒙+𝟏
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = 4x + 5. Find the formula of f • f , f –1 and f –1• f –1 , giving
your answer in simplified form.
𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟐𝟓
Ans ; ( f • f )( x ) = 16x – 25 , f –1 ( x ) = , ( f –1• f –1 )( x ) = ( 86 / 2009 မႏၱေလ့ )
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
8.A function f is defined by f ( x ) = 4x + 5, find the formula of f–1 and f –1• f –1 , giving your
answer in simplified form.
𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟐𝟓
Ans ; f –1 ( x ) = , ( f –1• f –1 )( x ) = ( 5 / 2013 မေကျ့ )
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑𝒙+𝟐
2.The function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 3x – 1 and g ( x ) = . Find the inverse
𝒙−𝟏
functions f –1 and g –1.Evaluate ( g • f –1 )( 5 ) and ( f • g –1 )( 2 ). ( 90 / 2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟐
Ans ; f –1( x ) = , g –1( x ) = , x ≠ 3 , ( g • f –1 )( 5 ) = 8 , ( f • g –1 )( 2 ) = – 13
𝟑 𝒙−𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙−𝟑
1.Function f and g are defined for real x as follows; f ( x ) = x + 3 , g ( x ) = ,x≠–2.
𝒙+𝟐
Find the inverse functions f –1 and g–1. Evaluate ( g–1 • f–1 )( 2 ) .
𝟑+𝟐𝒙
Ans ; f –1( x ) = x – 3 , g –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 1 , ( g –1• f –1 )( 2 ) = – 9 ( 185 / 2004 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟏−𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙
2.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2 – 3x and g ( x ) = , x ≠ – 1. Find the formula
𝒙+𝟏
for the inverse function f –1 and g –1. Evaluate ( f –1• g –1 )( 5 ).
𝟑𝒙 𝒙+𝟑
Ans ; f –1( x ) = ,x ≠ 2 , g–1( x ) = ,( f –1• g–1 )( 5 ) = 6 ( 70 / 2010 ပဲခူ့ )
𝒙−𝟐 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙
3.Function f : R R and g : R R are defined f ( x ) = 2x + 5 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 3 . Find the
𝒙−𝟑
formula for the inverse function f –1 and g –1 . Evaluate ( g • f –1 –1 )( 7 ).
𝒙−𝟓 𝟑𝒙
Ans ; f –1 ( x ) = , g–1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , ( g–1• f –1 )( 7 ) = – 3 ( 80 / 2010 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙−𝟑
4.Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = x + 3 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ – 2. Find the inverse
𝒙+𝟐
functions f –1 and g–1.Evaluate ( g–1 •f –1 )( 2 ).
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟏
Ans ; f–1( x ) = x – 3 , g –1( x ) = , x ≠ 1 , ( g–1 • f –1 )( 2 ) = ( 111 / 2008 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟏−𝒙 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Find the formula for the inverse function f –1 where f : R  R is defined by f ( x ) = 1 + 9x.
Find the image of 2 under ( f • f –1 ).
𝒙−𝟏
Ans ; f –1 ( x ) = , ( f • f –1 )( 2 ) = 2 ( 33 / 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟗
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓
6.Find the formula for f –1 , the inverse function of f defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ 3. State the
𝟑−𝒙
suitable domain of f –1 . Find also ( f –1• f –1 )( 2 ). ( 66 / 2010 မေကျ့ )
𝟑𝒙−𝟓
Ans ; f –1( x ) = ,x ≠ 0 , domain of f –1 = { x / x Є R , x ≠ 0 } , ( f –1• f –1 )( 2 ) = –7
𝒙
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟑
7.Find the formula for f –1 , the inverse function of f defined by f ( x ) = ,x≠ . State
𝟑−𝟒𝒙 𝟒
the suitable domain of f –1 . Find also ( f • f –1 –1 )( 2 ). ( 76 / 2010 ရခိုငး )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟑𝒙−𝟐 𝟏
Ans ; f –1( x ) = ,x ≠ 0 , domain of f–1 = { x / x Є R , x ≠ 0 } , ( f –1• f –1 )( 2 ) = –
𝟒𝒙 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝟏 𝒂𝒙+𝟑
3. Function f and g are defined by g ( x ) = ,x≠2,h(x)= , x ≠ 0 .Find the value
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙
of a for which ( h.g–1 )( 4 ) = g–1 ( 2 ). Ans ; a = 4 ( 68 / 2010 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝟏 𝒂𝒙+𝟑
1.The function f and g are defined by g ( x ) = ,x≠2,h(x)= , x ≠ 0 .Find the
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙
value of a for which ( h.g–1 )( 4 ) = 6. Ans ; a = 5 ( 141 / 2007 ရခိုငး 2004
ရနးကုနး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟓
4. Function f and g are defined by f ( x ) = 2x + 1 , g ( x ) = , x ≠ 3 .Find the value of x
𝟑−𝒙
for which ( f • g–1 )( x ) = x – 4. Ans ; x = 0 or x = 9 ( 7 / 2016 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ) ( 28 / 2012 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙−𝟑
1.Let f ( x ) = 3x + 2 and g ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 . Find the fomula of f • g and g–1. Solve the
𝒙−𝟐
equation g–1( x ) = x. ( 29 / 2012 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
𝟖𝒙−𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟑
Ans; ( f • g )( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , g–1( x ) = ,x ≠ 2 , x = 1 or 3
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
5.The function f and g are defined for real x as follows: f ( x ) = 2x – 1 , g ( x ) = ,
𝒙−𝟏
x ≠ 1. Find the formula for g • f and f • g –1 in simplified forms. State also a suitable
domain of f • g –1. ( 30 / 2012 ရခိုငး )
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟖
Ans ; ( g•f )( x ) = ,x ≠ 1 ,( f • g –1)( x ) = ,x ≠ 2 ,domain of f • g –1= { x / x Є R,x ≠ 2 }
𝟐𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙+𝟑
1.The function f and g are defined for real x as follows: f : x ↦ 2x – 1 , g : x ↦ , x ≠ 1.
𝒙−𝟏
𝒙+𝟖
Find ( f • g –1 )( x ) . Ans ; ( f • g –1)( x ) = , x ≠ 2 ( 160 / 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
𝒙−𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑
6. Function f and g are defined on the set of real numbers by f( x ) = , x ≠ k and
𝒙−𝒌
g( x ) = 4x + 5. State the value of k.Find the formula for ( g • f ) and f –1.
𝟓𝒙+𝟐 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
Ans ; k = 2 , ( g • f )( x ) = , x ≠ 2 , f–1( x ) = ,x≠0 ( 60 / 2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂
7.Given that f ( x ) = + 1 , x ≠ 0. Find the formula for f –1 and state the suitable domain of
𝒙
f –1. If f –1 ( 2 ) = 1 , find a. ( 115 / 2008 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂
Ans; f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 1 , domain of f –1 = { x / x Є R , x ≠ 1 } , a = 1
𝒙−𝟏
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂𝒙−𝟑
8. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = for all x ≠ 1 .If f ( 3 ) = 6, find the value of a and
𝒙−𝟏
the formula of f –1 in simplified form. Verify also that ( f –1• f )( x ) = x.
𝒙−𝟑
Ans ; a = 5 , f –1 ( x ) = ,x≠5 ( 21 / 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝒙−𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟑
9. A function f is defined by f ( x ) = for all values of x except x = .Find the values of
𝟑−𝟐𝒙 𝟐
x which map onto themselves under function f. Find also an expression for f –1 and the
𝟏 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟏
value of ( f.f )( 2 )Ans ; x = 1 or x = , f –1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 , ( f.f )( 2 ) = ( 3 / 2013 မႏၱေလ့ )
𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙
10. If f : x ↦ , x ≠ 1 , find an expression for f –1 . Hence verify that f • f –1 = f • f = I.
–1
𝒙−𝟏
𝒙
Ans ; f–1 ( x ) = , x ≠ 2 ( 135 / 2007 ပဲခူ့ )
𝒙−𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝒙
1.For the function f ( x )= , x ≠ 1 , find f–1 and verify that f –1• f and f • f –1 both equal I.
𝟑𝒙+𝟏
𝒙 𝟐
Ans ; f–1 ( x ) = ,x≠ ( 172 / 2005 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟐−𝟑𝒙 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Let f and g be functions such that f( x ) = 2x + 1,( g • f )( x ) = 4x2– 1 . Find the formulae
𝒙𝟐 −𝒙−𝟏
of g and f –1• g. Ans ; g ( x ) = x2– 2x , ( f –1• g )( x ) = ( 64 / 2010 မႏၱေ လ့ )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐−𝟒𝒙
12. Function f : R  R and g : R  R are defined by f ( x ) = , x ≠ – 1 , g ( x ) = 2x – 1.
𝒙+𝟏
If ( g • f –1)( x ) = 3 , find the value of x. Ans; x = – 2 ( 1/2013 ရနးကုနး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Identity function Problems
1. If f is a identity function on the set of real numbers .Find f( 2 ) ,f( – 3 ) ,f( x2 ) ,f( k + 1 )
g ( x ) – 3x , h ( x ) + x . Find also the domain , codomain and the range of the function
Solution
f(x)=x
f ( 2 ) = 2 , f ( – 3 ) = – 3 , f ( x2 ) = x2 , f ( k + 1 ) = k + 1
f ( g ( x ) – 3x ) = g ( x ) – 3x
f(h(x)+x)=h(x)+x
Range of the function = R ( or ) { y / y ∈ R }
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If a function given as the identity function is related from the set of real numbers to the
set of real numbers , then , find the image of k , – i , x2 , log x. Find also the domain ,

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
codomain and the range of the function
Solution
I(x)=x
I ( k ) = k , I ( – i ) = – i , I ( x2 ) = x2 , I ( log x ) = log x
Range of the function = R ( or ) { y / y ∈ R }
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise - 1.6
Let I be the identity function on R and let f : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = x2 + x + 3.
Show that f • I = I • f = f .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Let I be the identity function on R and let f : R  R be defined by f ( x ) = x2 + 4.
Show that f • I = I • f = f . ( 84 / 2006 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
f ( x ) = x2 + 4 , I ( x ) = x
( f • I )( x )= f ( I( x )) = f ( x )
( I • f ) ( x )= I ( f ( x ) ) = f ( x )
 ( f • I )( x )= ( I • f ) ( x )= f ( x )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
“n” hours clock arithmetic function problems
1. Let the function f : Z  Z , where Z is the set of integer , be given by f ( x ) = the
remainder when x2 is divided by 3.
( a ) Find ( i ) f ( 1 ) ( ii ) f ( 2 ) ( iii ) f ( 3 ) ( iv ) f ( 4 ) ( v ) f ( 5 ) ( vi ) f ( 6 ) ( vii ) f ( 7 )
( b ) If f ( 7 ) = k – 6 , find f ( k2 – 6k )
Solution
f ( x ) = the remainder when x2 is divided by 3.
( a ) ( i ) f ( 1 ) = the remainder when 12 is divided by 3 = 1
( ii ) f ( 2 ) = the remainder when 22 is divided by 3 = 1
( iii ) f ( 3 ) = the remainder when 32 is divided by 3 = 0
( iv ) f ( 4 ) = the remainder when 42 is divided by 3 = 1
( v ) f ( 5 ) = the remainder when 52 is divided by 3 = 1
( vi ) f ( 6 ) = the remainder when 62 is divided by 3 = 0
( vii ) f ( 7 ) = the remainder when 72 is divided by 3 = 1
( b ) If f ( 7 ) = k – 6 , f ( k2 – 6k ) = ?
k–6=1
k=7
k2 – 6k = 72 – 6( 7 ) = 49 – 42 = 7
f ( k2 – 6k ) = f ( 7 ) = 1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထကးပါဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့ကို 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ က္နးေသာအၾကျငး့အာ့ယူေပ့ရသ်ဖငးံ 3 hours clock
arithmetic function ဟုေခၚသညး။
4 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ က္နးေသာအၾကျငး့အာ့ယူေပ့ရသ်ဖငးံ 4 hours clock arithmetic function
စသညး်ဖငးံ ေခၚဆိုေလံရြိသညး။ အထကးပါ ဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့မ္ာ့တျငး ရလာေသာ image တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး
အ်မဲတမး့ စာ့ကိနး့ေအာကးငယးေသာ ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု ်ဖစးေနတတးသညး။ ဥပမာ အထကးတျငး
ေဖား်ပထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့အတျကး Range အစုမြာ { 0 , 1 , 2 } ်ဖစးပါသညး။ အကယး၍
4 hours clock arithmetic function ဆိုပါက Range အစုမြာ { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } ်ဖစးလာပါမညး။
5 hours clock arithmetic function ဆိုပါက Range အစုမြာ { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } ်ဖစးလာပါမညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Let the function f : Z  Z , where Z is the set of integer , be given by f ( x ) = the
remainder when 2x2 + 1 is divided by 5.
( b ) If f ( 7 ) = k – 6 , find f ( 2k2 – 12k )
Solution
f ( x ) = the remainder when 2x2 + 1 is divided by 5.
( a ) ( i ) f ( 1 ) = the remainder when 12 + 1 is divided by 5 = 2
( ii ) f ( 2 ) = the remainder when 22 + 1 is divided by 5 = 0
( iii ) f ( 3 ) = the remainder when 32 + 1 is divided by 5 = 0
( iv ) f ( 4 ) = the remainder when 42 + 1 is divided by 5 = 2
( v ) f ( 5 ) = the remainder when 52 + 1 is divided by 5 = 1
( vi ) f ( 6 ) = the remainder when 62 + 1 is divided by 5 = 2
( vii ) f ( 7 ) = the remainder when 72 + 1 is divided by 5 = 0
( b ) If f ( 7 ) = k – 6 , f ( 2k2 – 12k ) = ?
k–6=0
k=6
2k2 – 6k = 2 ( 62 )– 12( 6 ) = 72 – 72 = 0
f ( 2k2 – 12k ) = f ( 0 ) = the remainder when 02 + 1 is divided by 5 = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Let the function f : Z  Z , where Z is the set of integer , be given by f ( x ) = two times
the remainder when x2 – x is divided by 7.
( b ) ( i ) If f ( 3 ) = 2k + 6 , find f ( f ( k – 1 ) ) ( ii ) If f ( 6 ) = 2k – 6 , find f ( f ( 2k – 10 ) )
( iii ) If f ( 2 ) = 8 – 2k , find f ( f ( 8 – 2k ) )
Solution
f ( x ) = two times the remainder when x2 – x is divided by 7.
( a ) ( i ) f ( 1 ) = two times the remainder when 12 – 1 is divided by 7 = 0
( ii ) f ( 2 ) = two times the remainder when 22 – 2 is divided by 7 = 4
( iii ) f ( 3 ) = two times the remainder when 32 – 3 is divided by 7 = 12

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( iv ) f ( 4 ) = two times the remainder when 42 – 4 is divided by 7 = 10
( v ) f ( 5 ) = two times the remainder when 52 – 5 is divided by 7 = 12
( vi ) f ( 6 ) = two times the remainder when 62 – 6 is divided by 7 = 4
( vii ) f ( 7 ) = two times the remainder when 72 – 7 is divided by 7 = 0
( b ) ( i ) f ( 3 ) = 2k + 6 , f ( f ( k – 1 ) ) = ?
2k + 6 = 12
k=3,k–1=2
f(k–1)=f(2)=4
f ( f ( k – 1 ) ) = f ( f ( 2 ) ) = f ( 4 ) = 10
( ii ) f ( 6 ) = 2k – 6 , f ( f ( 2k – 10 ) ) = ?
2k – 6 = 4
k = 5 , 2k – 10 = 0
f ( 2k – 10 ) = f ( 0 ) = two times the remainder when 02 – 0 is divided by 7 = 0
f ( f ( 2k – 10 ) ) = f ( f ( 0 ) ) = f ( 0 ) = 0
( iii ) f ( 2 ) = 8 – 2k , f ( f ( k ) ) = ?
8 – 2k = 4
k=2
f(k)=f(2)=4
f ( f ( k ) ) = f ( f ( 2 ) ) = f ( 4 ) = 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binary operation ဆနးဆနးေမ့ထာ့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Let f : N x N  N be ( x , y ) ↦ f ( x , y ) = xy2 , g : N  N x N be g ( x ) = ( 2x , x + 2 ) ,
where N is the set of natural numbers .Find the formula for g • f : N x N  N x N ,
f • g : N N and hence find the image of ( 2,1 ) under g• f .
Solution
f ( x , y ) = xy2 , g ( x ) = ( 2x , x + 2 ).
( g • f )( x,y ) = g ( f ( x,y ) ) = g ( xy2 ) = ( 2xy2 , xy2 + 2 )
g ( 2,1 ) = ( 2( 2 )( 1 )2 , ( 2 )( 1 )2 + 2 ) = ( 4,4 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Let f : N x N  N be ( x , y ) ↦ f ( x , y ) = 2x +3y ,
g : N  N x N be g ( x ) = ( x – 2 , x + 2 ) , where N is the set of natural numbers .
Find the formula for g • f : N x N  N x N and hence find the image of ( 5,4 ) under g• f .
Solution
f ( x , y ) = 2x + 3y , g ( x ) = ( x – 2 , x + 2 ).
( g • f )( x , y ) = g ( f ( x , y ) ) = g ( 2x + 3y ) = ( 2x + 3y – 2 , 2 + 3y + 2 )
g ( 5,4 ) = ( 2( 5 ) + 3( 4 ) – 2 , 2 ( 5 ) + 3( 4 ) + 2 ) = ( 20 , 24 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Let f : N x N  N be ( x , y ) ↦ f ( x , y ) = 3y2 ,
g : N  N x N be g ( x ) = ( 3x , x2 + 2 ) , where N is the set of natural numbers .
Find the formula for g • f : N x N  N x N and find ( g• f )( 75,1 ).
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2 2
f ( x , y ) = 3y , g ( x ) = ( 3x , x + 2 ).
( g • f )( x , y ) = g ( f ( x , y ) ) = g ( 3y2 ) = ( 3 ( 3y2 ) , ( 3y2) 2+ 2 ) = ( 9y2, 9y4 + 2 )
2 4
g ( 75 , 1 ) = ( ( 9 )( 1 ) , ( 9 )( 1 ) + 2 ) = ( 9 , 11 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Let f : N x N  N be ( x , y ) ↦ f ( x , y ) = 2x2+ 1
g : N  N x N be g ( x ) = ( x + 3 , 2x ) , where N is the set of natural numbers .
Find the formula for g • f : N x N  N x N and find ( g• f ) ( 3,221 ).
Solution
2
f ( x , y ) = 2x + 1 , g ( x ) = ( x + 3 , 2x ).
2 2 2 2 2
( g • f )( x , y ) = g ( f ( x , y ) ) = g ( 2x + 1 ) = ( 2x + 1 + 3 , 2( 2x + 1 ) ) = ( 2x + 4 , 4x + 2 )
2 2
g ( 3 , 221 ) = ( 2( 3 ) + 4 , 4( 3 ) + 2 ) = ( 22 , 38 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Let f : N x N  N be ( x , y ) ↦ f ( x , y ) = x + y + xy
2
g : N  N x N be g ( x ) = ( x , x + 10 ) , where N is the set of natural numbers .
Find the formula for g • f : N x N  N x N and hence find the image of ( 2,3 ) under g• f .
Solution
f ( x , y ) = x + y + xy , g ( x ) = ( x2 , x + 10 )
( g • f )( x , y ) = g ( f ( x , y ) ) = g ( x + y + xy ) = ( ( x + y + xy ) 2 , x + y + xy + 10 )
2
( g • f )( 2 , 3 ) = ( ( 2 + 3 + 2 ( 3 ) ) , 2 + 3 + 2 ( 3 )+ 10 ) = ( 121 , 21 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.Let f : N  N x N be f ( x ) = ( x , 2x + 1 ) and g : N x N  N be g ( x , y ) = x + 2y. ( N = the set
of natural numbers )Find the formula for g • f : N  N and hence find ( g • f )( 3 ).
Ans ; ( g • f )( x ) = 5x + 2 , ( g • f )( 3 ) = 17 ( 94 / 2005 ရြမ း့၊ကယာ့)
Solution
f ( x ) = ( x , 2x + 1 ) , g ( x , y ) = x + 2y
( g • f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x , 2x + 1 ) = x + 2( 2x + 1 ) = x + 4x + 2 = 5x + 2
( g • f )( 3 ) = 15 + 2 = 17
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Let f : N  N x N be f ( x ) = ( 2x2 , x + 5 ) and g : N x N  N be g ( x , y ) = x + y + xy.
Find the formula for g • f : N  N and f • g : N x N  N x N , where N is the set of natural
numbers.
Solution
f ( x ) = ( 2x2 , x + 5 ) , g ( x , y ) = x + y + xy
( g • f )( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( 2x2 , x + 5 ) = 2x2 + x + 5 + 2x2( x + 5 )
= 2x2 + x + 5 + 2x3 + 10x2 = 2x3 + 12x2+ x + 5
( f • g ) ( x , y ) = f ( g ( x , y ) ) = f ( x + y + xy ) = ( 2( x + y + xy ) 2 , x + y + xy + 5 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Let g : Z+ x Z+  N be defined by ( x , y ) ↦ g ( x , y ) = the remainder when x y is
divided by 3 , where Z+ is the set of positives integers and N is the set of natural numbers.
Find g ( g ( 2,3 ), 4 )).
Solution
g : Z + x Z+  N

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
y
g ( x , y ) = the remainder when x is divided by 3
g ( g ( 2,3 ), 4 )) = ?
g ( 2,3 ) = 2
g ( g ( 2,3 ), 4 )) = g ( 2 , 4 ) = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
အေ်ခခဵသေဘာတရာ့အခ္ဳိ႕ႏြငးံ ပုဵႏြိပးထဲမြ တျကးခဲေမ့ခဲေသာ ပုစာၦအခ္ဳိ႕
သခၤ္ာတျငး ကိနး့ဂဏနး့ အမညးနပညတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ထကး ထုိပညတးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကို ေနာကးကျယးမြေမာငး့ႏြငးေနေသာ
ပရမတးသေဘာ ( Concept ) မ္ာ့ကို အဓိကနာ့လညးထာ့ဖို႔ အလျနးအေရ့ ၾကီ့သညး။ ဥပမာ -
f : A  B ဆိုေသာ ေဖား်ပခ္ကးေလ့ကို ဖနးရြငး f ေလ့သညး အစု A မြ အစု B သို႔သျာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးေလ့်ဖစးသညး
ဟု နာ့လညးထာ့်ခငး့ထကး f : A  B ဆိုေသာ ေပ့ခ္ကးေအာကးတျငး A သညး Domain ၊ B သညး
Codomain ဆိုသညးကို မိမိကိုယးတိုငးလညး့ နာ့လညးသေဘာေပါကးေအာငး ကေလ့မ္ာ့အာ့လညး့ နာလညးလာ
ေအာငးရြငး့်ပမိေစရနး အၾကဵ်ပဳလိုပါသညး။
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Equality of function ( ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့၏ ထပးတူရ်ခငး့ )
ဖနးရြငး ႏြစးခု ( f ႏြငးံ g ) တို႔သညးံ
( 1 ) တစးထပးတညး့က္သညးံ Domain မ္ာ့ ရြိ်ခငး့ [ Domain of f = Domain of g ]
( 2 ) တစးထပးတညး့က္သညးံ Codomain မ္ာ့ ရြိ်ခငး့ [ Codomain of f = Codomain of g ]
( 3 ) Domain ထဲရြိ တူညီေသာ element တိုငး့မြ Codomain ထဲရြိ တူညီေသာ image တိုငး့သို႔သာ
ဆကးသျယး ထာ့်ခငး့ [f(x)=g(x)]
အထကးပါအခ္ကးသုဵ့ခ္ကးႏြငးံ ်ပညးံစုဵေနသညးံအခါ အဆိုပါ ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု Equality ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာသညး။
ပို်ပီ့်မငးသာေစရနး ေအာကးပါ ဥပမာမ္ာ့ကို ေလံလာၾကညးံပါ။
let A = { 1, 2 } , B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } and the functions , f : A  B and g : A  B be defined by
f ( x ) = x2 and g ( x ) = 3x – 2 .
ပုစာၦပါ ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု ( f ႏြငးံ g ) သညး f : A  B ႏြငးံ g : A  B ဟု ေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ f ႏြငးံ g ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခုလုဵ့၏
Domain မြာ အစု A = { 1, 2 } ်ဖစးေနသလို Codomain မြာ အစု B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ
ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခုလုဵ့ တူညီေသာ Domain ႏြငးံ Codomain မ္ာ့ ရြိၾကပါသညး။
( 1 ) Domain of function f = Domain of function g = A = { 1, 2 }

( 2 ) Codomain of function f = Codomain of function g = B = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 }
ဆကး်ပီ့ Domain ထဲရြိ element တိုငး့မြ Codomain ထဲရြိ တူညီေသာ element တိုငး့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးထာ့
်ခငး့ရြိ / မရြိ ေလံလာသညးံအခါ
f ( 1 ) = 12 = 1 , g ( 1 ) = 3( 1 ) – 2 = 3 – 2 = 1  f ( 1 ) = g ( 1 )
f ( 2 ) = 22 = 4 , g ( 1 ) = 3( 2 ) – 2 = 6 – 2 = 4  f ( 4 ) = g ( 4 )
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ f ေရာ g ပါ တူညီေသာ element တိုငး့မြ တူညီေသာ image တိုငး့ဆီသို႔ ဆကးသျယးထာ့သညးကို
ေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစးသညး။
(3)f(x)=g(x)
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ အခ္ကး ၀ ခ္ကးလုဵ့ ကိုကးညီသျာ့သ်ဖငးံ ဖနးရြငး f ႏြငးံ g တို႔သညး Equality ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာႏိုငးသျာ့
ပါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထူ့သတိထာ့ရနး
f ( x ) = g ( x ) ဆိုေသာ ေပ့ခ္ကးသညး image ႏြစးခု ထပးတူညီရုဵသာမက element ႏြစးခုပါ ထပးတူညီဖို႔လိုသညးံ

အခ္ကးကို သတိထာ့ရနးလိုပါသညး။
image ႏြစးခုသာ ထပးတူညီဖို႔လို်ပီ့ element ႏြစးခုထပးတူညီဖို႔ မလိုပါက f ( x ) = g ( y ) ဟုသာေပ့ထာ့မညး

်ဖစးသညး။
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အထကးပါသေဘာတရာ့ေလ့မ္ာ့ကို နာ့လညး သျာ့်ပီဆိုလ္ြငး ပုဵႏြိပးစာအုပးထဲမြ ပုစာၦေလ့မ္ာ့အာ့ ဆကးလကး
ေလံလာၾကညးံပါမညး။
Exercise ( 1.2 )
6. If f : R  R and g : R  R are functions where f ( 2 ) = 0 and g ( 2 ) = 0 , can we say that f
and g are the same function? Why ?
f : R  R ႏြငးံ g : R  R ဟု ေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ f ႏြငးံ g ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခုလုဵ့၏
ပုစာၦပါ ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု ( f ႏြငးံ g ) သညး
Domain မြာ ကိနးစစးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့အစု R ်ဖစးေနသလို Codomain မြာလညး့ အစု R ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ
( 1 ) Domain of function f = Domain of function g = R
( 2 ) Codomain of function f = Codomain of function g = R
သို႔ေသား ပုစာၦတျငးရြိ f ( 2 ) = 0 , g ( 2 ) = 0 ဆိုသညးံ အခ္ကးအရ ဖနးရြငး f ေအာကးတျငး 2 ၏ image မြာ 0

ႏြငးံ ဖနးရြငး g ေအာကးတျငး 2 ၏ image မြာ 0 ်ဖစးသညးဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ရုတးတရကးၾကညးံလ္ြငး ဖနးရြငး ႏြစးခုလုဵ့
တူညီသညးံ element တိုငး့မြ တူညီေသာ image တိုငး့ဆီသို႔ဆကးသျယးထာ့သညးဟု အထငးေရာကးစရာ
ရြိပါသညး။ သို႕ေသား
( 1 ) ဖနးရြငး၏ အဓိပၸါယး သတးမြတးခ္ကးအရ Domain ထဲတျငး ဆကးသျယးရနး element မ္ာ့က္နးခဲံလို႔မရသညးံ
အခ္ကးအရလညး့ေကာငး့
( 2 ) Domain မြာ ကိနးစစးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့အစု R ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေပ့ထာ့်ဖငးံ Domain ထဲတျငး 2 အ်ပငး အ်ခာ့
element မ္ာ့ ရြိသညးဆိုသညးံ အခ္ကးအရလညး့ေကာငး့
( 3 ) အဆိုပါ element မ္ာ့မြ 0 မဟုတးသညးံ အ်ခာ့ image မ္ာ့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးေနႏိုငးသညးံ အခ္ကးအရ
လညး့ေကာငး့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငး ႏြစးခုသညး တူညီသညးံ element တိုငး့မြ တူညီေသာ image တိုငး့ဆီသို႔
ဆကးသျယးထာ့သညးဟု တစးထစးခ္ မေ်ပာႏိုငးေတာံပါ။ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာပုစာၦမြာ Equality မ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့
်ပေစခ္ငးသညးံ ပုစာၦ်ဖစးေသားလညး့ အကယး၍ ဖနးရြငး f ေရာ ဖနးရြငး g ပါ constant function ( f ( x ) = 0 ႏြငးံ
g ( x ) = 0 ) မ္ာ့်ဖစးေနပါက Equality ်ဖစးႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ ဖနးရြငး f ႏြငးံ ဖနးရြငး g တို႔၏ ေဖား်မဴလာမ္ာ့ တိတိက္က္
ေဖား်ပမထာ့ေသာ ယခုလို အေ်ခအေနတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးႏြစးခု Equality ်ဖစးသညးဟု
တစးထစးခ္မေ်ပာႏိုငးသလို Equality မ်ဖစးပါ ဟုလညး့ တစးထစးခ္မေ်ပာႏိုငးေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့ ်ဖစးပါသညး။
ယခုေနရာတျငး ဗဟုသုတအ်ဖစးသာရြငး့လငး့တငး်ပ်ခငး့်ဖစးပါသညး။ဤပုစာၦမြာပုစာၦပါလိုအပးခ္ကးမ္ာ့အရ ေမ့ႏိုငးေခ္
အလျနးနညး့ေသာ ပုစာၦတစးပုဒး်ဖစးပါသညး။
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Exercise ( 1.2 )
7. If f : R  R is given by f ( x ) = x2 + x , the image of any a ∈ R can be found. If A is a subset
of R , we call the set { f ( a ) / a ∈ A } the image of A under f and we denote this set by f ( A ).
Find f ( B ) if B = { – 2 , – 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 }.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ပုစာၦတျငး Domain = R , Codomain = R ႏြငးံ a ∈ R ဟု ေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ a ∈ R ရြိ R သညး Domain , R
လာ့ Codomain , R လာ့ ရုတးတရကး ချဲ်ခာ့မသိႏိုငးပါ။ သို႔ေသား the image of any a ∈ R ဟု ေပ့ထာ့
သ်ဖငးံ a ∈ R ရြိ R သညး Domain , R ဆိုတာေသခ္ာသျာ့သလို a သညးလညး့ Domain ထဲရြိ element
တစးခုဆိုတာ ေသခ္ာသျာ့ပါသညး။ ေနာကးတစးခါ အစု A သညး R ထဲရြိ အစုပိုငး့တစးခု ်ဖစးသညးဟုေပ့ထာ့ရာတျငး
ထို R သညး Domain , R လာ့ Codomain , R လာ့ မသိႏိုငး်ပနးပါ။ သို႔ေသား a ∈ A ဟု ေပ့ထာ့်ပနးသ်ဖငးံ A
သညး Domain , R ထဲရြိ အစုပိုငး့တစးခုဆိုတာ ေသခ္ာသျာ့ပါသညး။ ပုစာၦအာ့ နာ့လညးလျယးရနး ်ပနးလညး
ရြငး့်ပရမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
If f : R  R is given by f ( x ) = x2 + x ,  f ( x ) = x2 + x ဆိုေသာ ဖနးရြငး f ေလ့သညး Domain , R မြ

Codomain , R သို႔ သျာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးတစးခု ်ဖစး်ပီ့
the image of any a ∈ R can be found.  Domain , R ထဲတျငး a ဆိုေသာ element တစးခု
ရြိသညးဆိုလ္ြငး Codomain , R ထဲတင
ျ း အဆိုပါ element , a ေလ့၏ image အ်ဖစး f ( a ) ကို ေတျ႕ရမညး
်ဖစးသညး။ ေနာကးတစးဖနး
If A is a subset of R , we call the set { f ( a ) / a ∈ A } the image of A under f and we denote

this set by f ( A ).  ေနာကးတစးဖနး Domain , R ထဲတျငး A ဆိုေသာ အစုပိုငး့ေလ့်ဖစး်ပီ့
အဆိုပါအစုပိုငး့ေလ့ထဲတျငး element , a ေလ့ပါသညးဆိုလ္ြငး အဆိုပါ အစုပိုငး့ေလ့တစးခုလုဵ့၏ အစုပိုငး့
image တစးခု Codomain , R ထဲတျငး သျာ့ေပၚမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ ၁ငး့ပုဵရိပးအစုေလ့ကို f ( A ) = { f ( a ) / a ∈ A }
ဟု ေဖား်ပပါမညး။
( A သညး element အစုပိုငး့၊ f ( A ) သညး image အစုပိုငး့ )
Find f ( B ) if B = { – 2 , – 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 }.
အကယး၍ အဆိုပါ A အစု ေလ့ေနရာတျငး အစု B = { – 2 , – 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 } ေလ့ ်ဖစးမညးဆိုပါက အဆိုပါ
အစုပိုငး့ B ေလ့၏ ပုဵရိပးအစုပိုငး့ f ( B ) ေလ့အာ့ ရြာေပ့ပါ။
Solution
f:RR
f ( x ) = x2 + x
B={–2,–1,0,1,2}
f ( – 2 ) = ( – 2 )2 + ( – 2 ) = 4 – 2 = 2
f ( – 1 ) = ( – 1 )2 + ( – 1 ) = 1 – 1 = 0
f ( 0 ) = ( 0 )2 + ( 0 ) = 0 – 0 = 0
f ( 1 ) = ( 1 )2 + ( 1 ) = 1 + 1 = 2
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 )2 + ( 2 ) = 4 + 2 = 6
f(B)={0,2,6}
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Circle Operation ( ⊙ Operation )
ေရြ႕တျငးေဖား်ပခဲံေသာဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့မြာ Codomain ထဲရြိ image တနးဖို့သညး Domain တစးခုထဲရြိ element
တစးခုတညး့အေပၚတျငး မီြခိုေနေသာ ဖနးရြငးမ္ာ့ ်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။ အကယး၍ Codomain ထဲရြိ image တနးဖို့သညး
Domain ႏြစးခုထဲရြိ element ႏြစးခုအေပၚတျငးမီြခိုေနပါက အဆိုပါဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့ကို function Circle
ဟုေခၚပါမညး။ အဆိပ
ု ါ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Domain ႏြစးခုထဲရြိ element ႏြစးခုအာ့ အေပါငး့၊အႏႈတး၊ အေ်မြာကး၊ အစာ့

လုပးထဵု့တစးခုခုလုပး်ပီ့
Codomain ထဲရြိ image တစးခုအ်ဖစးထုတးယူေသာလုပးငနး့စဥးအာ့
Circle Operation လုပး်ခငး့ ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ရို့ရို့ဖနးရြငးတျငး Input တစးခု ( x ) ႏြငးံ Output တစးခု ( y ) သာရြိေသားလညး့ Circle function
တျငး Input ႏြစးခု ( x,y ) ႏြငးံ Output တစးခု ( z ) ရြိလာပါမညး။ ဥပမာအေန်ဖငးံ စုဗူ့တစးဗူ့တျငး ေမာငးေမာငး
တစးေယာကးတညး့ ပိုကးဆဵစု်ခငး့သညး ရို့ရို့ဖနးရြငးအမ္ဳိ့အစာ့်ဖစး၍ ေမာငးေမာငး ႏြငးံ ကိုကို ႏြစးေယာကးေပါငး့
စု်ခငး့သညး Circle function ်ဖစးသညးဟု ေ်ပာရပါမညး။ Circle Operation တစးခုေအာကးတျငး Domain မြာ
ႏြစးခု်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ အဆိုပါအစုႏြစးခုမြ element ႏြစးခုအာ့တျဲယူရနး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအစုႏြစးခုအာ့ product လုပးယူ
ေပ့ရပါမညး။ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့ႏြစးခု product ( ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ) လုပးသညးံအခါ ကိနး့ဂဏနး့တစးလုဵ့သာ်ပနးရေသားလညး့
အစုႏြစးခု product ( ေ်မြာကး်ခငး့ ) လုပးသညးံအခါ အစီအစဥးတျဲ ( Ordered pairs ) မ္ာ့ရလာ်ပီ့ အဆိုပါ
အစီအစဥးတမ
ျဲ ္ာ့စုထာသညးံအစု ( Set of ordered pairs ) ကို ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Circle Operation ၏
Domain အ်ဖစးယူပါသညး။
ဥပမာ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Circle Operation တစးခုေအာကး တျငး အစု A = { 1 , 2 } ႏြငးံ B = { 4 , 5 } တို႔မြာ
Domain ႏြစးခု ်ဖစးၾကသညးဆိုလ္ြငး ၁ငး့အစုႏြစးခု product လုပးသညးံအခါ
A x B = { 1 , 2 } x { 4 , 5 } = { ( 1 , 4 ), ( 1 , 5 ), ( 2 , 4 ), ( 2 , 5 ) } ဆိုသညးံ အစုတျဲ
( Set of ordered pairs ) ေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။ ၁ငး့ Domain အစုႏြစးခုမြ အစု C = { 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 } သို႔
ဆကးသျယးမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ ( 1 , 4 ) မြ 6 သို႔ ၊ ( 1 , 5 ) မြ 7 သို႔ ၊( 2 , 4 ) မြ 8 သို႔ ၊( 2 , 5 ) မြ 9 သို႔
ဆကးသျယးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
⊙ Operation
1
2
(1,4) 6
(1,5) 7
x
(2,4) 8
(2,5) 9
4
5
ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာပါမညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
 Circle Operation တစးခုတျငး Domain ႏြစးခုအာ့ တစးခုတညး့အ်ဖစးေဖား်ပရနး Domain ႏြစးခု product
လုပး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ Set of ordered pairs ထုတးယူသညးံ အဆငးံသညး မပါမ်ဖစးပါရပါမညး။
 Circle Operation တစးခုတျငး Domain ႏြစးခုရြိ်ပီ့ ၁ငး့အစုႏြစးခုေပါငး့ထာ့သညးံအစုတျဲ ( Set of ordered

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
pairs ) ကို Domain အ်ဖစးယူပါသညး။
Domain
(1)
Domain x Domain ⊙
Codomain
(1) (2) operation
Domain
(2)
Domain ( 2 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binary Operation
အကယး၍ Circle Operation တစးခုတျငး Domain ႏြစးခုသညး တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု အစုွငးမ္ာ့
ထပးတူက္ေနရုဵသာမက အဆိုပါ Circle Operation ေအာကးးတျငး Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတိုငး့ သညးလညး့
Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတိုငး့်ဖစးေနသညးဆိုလ္ြငး အဆိုပါ Circle Operattion ကို Binary Operation ဟု
ေခၚပါသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ Binary Operation တစးခုေအာကးတျငး
1. Domain ႏြစးခုသညး တစးခုႏြငးံ တစးခု အစုွငးအေရအတျကးခ္ငး့ တူရမညးသာမက

ပါွငးသညးံအစုွငးတိုငး့သညး လညး့ တစးခုႏြငးံတစးခု ထပးတူက္ရပါမညး။
2. Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတိုငး့သညးလညး့ Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့သာ်ဖစးရပါမညး။
တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ Codomain ထဲတျငး Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမဟုတးေသာအစုွငးမ္ာ့ မပါရ။ သို႔မဟုတး
Codomain သညး Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငး အာ့လုဵ့ပါရငးပါ ( သို႔ ) ေလ္ာံ်ပီ့ပါရငးပါ တစးခုခု်ဖစးေနသညးံ
အစုတစးခု ်ဖစးရပါမညး။ ဤဂုဏးသတိၱကို ပိတး်ခငး့ ဂုဏးသတၱိ ( Closure Property ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
ဥပမာ
⊙ Operation
1
2
(1,1) 1
(1,2) 2
x
(2,1) 3
(2,2) 4
1
2
ပုဵ - ှ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Binary operation
1
2
(1,1)
(1,2) 1
x
(2,1) 2
(2,2)
1
2
ပုဵ - ဿ
ပုဵ - ှ သညး Circle operation သာ ်ဖစးသညး။ Binary Operation မ်ဖစးပါ။
ပုဵ - ဿ သညး Binary Operation ်ဖစးပါသညး။
Binary Operation အေခၚအေွၚႏြငးံ လုပးထုဵ့မ္ာ့

ရို့ရို့ function တျငး Domain တစးခု Codomain တစးခုသာ ရြိသညးံအတျကး
f : N  N ဟုေရ့သညးံနညး့တူ
Circle function တျငး Domain ႏြစးခု Codomain တစးခု ရြိသညးံအတျကး
f : N x N  N ( f is a circle function from N cross N to N ) ဟုေရ့ရပါမညး။
ထို႔အတူ ရို့ရို့ function တျငး
f : x ↦ y = f ( x ) ဟုေရ့သညးံနညး့တူ
Circle function တျငး

f:(x,y)↦ z=f(x,y)
( f map the ordered pair of x comma y to f of x comma y ) ဟုေရ့ရပါမညး။
အထကးပါေဖား်ပခ္ကးေလ့႐ြိ f ေနရာတျငး ⊙ သေကၤတေလ့ဖလြယးသုဵ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
⊙ :NxNN
( f is a circle function from N cross N to N )
⊙ : ( x , y ) ↦ ⊙ ( x , y ) = x ⊙ y ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။
Circle function အတျကး Domain ႏြစးခုအာ့ တစးခုတညး့အ်ဖစးေဖားေ်ပႏိုငးရနး Domain ႏြစးခု Product

လုပးေပ့ရပါမညး။
Domain of ⊙ function = Domain ( 1 ) x Domain ( 2 ) = Set of ordered pairs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Binary Operation
Binary Operation ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့သညးံပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကတျ
း ကးနညး့အဆငးံမ္ာ့
Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. Is the function ☉ defined by x☉y = x + 3y a binary
operation on J+ ?
Solution
x☉y = x + 3y အဆငးံ ှ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ formula ခ္ေရ့
Domain of function ☉= J+x J+ အဆငးံ ဿ domain ခ္ေရ့
x , y Є J+ အဆငးံ ၀ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ element ႏြစးခုသညး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ

အစုတျငးပါေၾကာငး့်ပ ( တစးခုခ္ငး့ပါတဲံအဆငးံ )
3y Є J+ အဆငးံ ၁ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ပါတဲံ element ကို ေ်မြာကးေဖား

ကိနး့ နဲ႔ ေ်မြာကး်ပီ့်ပ ( ေ်မြာကးလဒးပါတဲံအဆငးံ )
x + 3y Є J+ အဆငးံ ၂ formula ၾကီ့ ်ပနးေရ့်ပ

x☉y Є J+ အဆငးံ ၃ formula အစာ့ ☉ပုဵစဵ အစာ့သျငး့
Range  J+ အဆငးံ ၄ Range သညး Domain ( J+) ၏
အစုပိုငး့်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပ
The closure property is satified. အဆငးံ ၅ ပိတး်ခငး့ဂုဏးသတၱိေ်ပလညးေၾကာငး့်ပ
The function ☉is a binary operation on the set of J+.

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ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Operation သညး Associative/Commutative ်ဖစး/မ်ဖစး ်ပခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Associative / Commutative ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့
အခ္ကး်ပစကာ့လုဵ့မ္ာ့
Prove that
Show that the binary operation is Associative / Commutative.
Verified that
ဤကဲံသို႔ေမ့လာပါက ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Operation သညး Associative / Commutative ်ဖစးေန၍
်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။
Associative / Commutative ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့ပါက မသိကိနး့တစးခုခု ( a,b,c,x,y…… ) ်ဖငးံ်ပ

Associative / Commutative မ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့
Prove that
Show that the binary operation is not Associative / Commutative.
Verified that

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ဤကဲံသို႔ေမ့လာပါက ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Operation သညး Associative / Commutative မ်ဖစး၍

မ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။
Associative / Commutative ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့ပါက သိကိနး့တစးခုခု ( 1,2,3,4……...) ်ဖငးံ်ပ
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာေဖား်မဴလာမရႈပးရငးေတာံ မ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့လ္ြငးလညး့ မသိကိနး့်ဖငးံသာ်ပေစခ္ငးပါသညး။
Commutative ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့ပါက မသိကိနး့ႏြစးလုဵ့်ဖငးံ ( ဥပမာ - a☉b = b☉a ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ ) ်ပ
Associative ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပခိုငး့ပါက မသိကိနး့သုဵ့လုဵ့်ဖငးံ ( a☉( b☉c ) = ( a☉b )☉c ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ ) ်ပ
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ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Operation formula ရြိ element တစးခစ
ု ီသညး အေပါငး့၊အႏႈတးမ္ာ့ပါေနေသာ
ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - If ( a + b )☉( 3a – b ) = 3a + b ,then find 5☉3. ဆိုသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့တျငးေပ့ထာ့ေသာ

မသိကိနး့တျဲႏြစးခုႏြငးံ ရြာခိုငးေသာတနးဖို့ႏြစးခုကို ေရြ႕ေရြ႕ခ္ငး့ေနာကးေနာကးခ္ငး့ အၾကမး့တျငးခ္ညီေပ့
a+b =5 (1)
3a – b =3 (2)
4a = 8 and a = 2 in ( 1 )
b =3
ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့ႏြငးံ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ကို အ်ပနးအလြနးပုဵစဵယူ
5=a+b =2+3
3 = 3a – b = 3( 2 ) – 3
အေခ္ာ်ပနးခ္ေရ့
Solution
( a + b )☉( 3a – b ) = 3a + b
5☉3 = ( 2 + 3 ) ☉ ( 3( 2 ) – 3 ) = 3( 2 ) + 3 = 6 + 3 = 9
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Binary Operation Problem
Binary Operation ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ သကးေသ်ပခိုငး့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. Let the mapping ☉ be defined by ( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = x + y , where x , y ∈ A = { 0 , 1 }. Is

this function a binary operation?
Solution
Domain = A x A = { 0 , 1 } x { 0 , 1 } = { ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) }
(x,y)↦ x☉y=x+y
(0,0)↦ 0☉0=0+0=0
(0,1)↦ 0☉1=0+1=1
(1,0)↦ 1☉0=1+0=1
(1,1)↦ 1☉1=1+1=2
Range = { 0 , 1 , 2 } ⊄ A
The closure property is not satisfied.
The mapping ☉is not a binary operation.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2.Let the mapping ☉ be defined by ( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = x + y – xy , where x , y ∈ A = { 0 , 1 }.
Is this function a binary operation?
Solution
Domain = A x A = { 0 , 1 } x { 0 , 1 } = { ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) }
( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = x + 2y
(0,0)↦ 0☉0=0+0=0
(0,1)↦ 0☉1=0+2=2
(1,0)↦ 1☉0=1+0=1
(1,1)↦ 1☉1=1+2=3
Range = { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } ⊄ A
The closure property is not satisfied.
The mapping ☉is not a binary operation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Let the mapping ☉ be defined by ( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = x + y – xy , where x , y ∈ A = { 0 , 1 }.
Is this function a binary operation?
Solution
Domain = A x A = { 0 , 1 } x { 0 , 1 } = { ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) }
( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = x + y – xy
(0,0)↦ 0☉0=0+0–0=0
(0,1)↦ 0☉1=0+1–0 =1
(1,0)↦ 1☉0=1+0–0=1
(1,1)↦ 1☉1=1+1–1 =1
Range = { 0 , 1 } ⊂ A
The closure property is satisfied.
The mapping ☉is a binary operation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Let the mapping ☉ be defined by ( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = xy , where x , y ∈ A = { 0 , 1 }. Is this
function a binary operation?
Solution
Domain = A x A = { 0 , 1 } x { 0 , 1 } = { ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 0 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) }
( x , y ) ↦ x ☉ y = x + y – xy
( 0 , 0 ) ↦ 0 ☉ 0 = 0( 0 ) = 0
( 0 , 1 ) ↦ 0 ☉ 1 = 0( 0 ) = 0
( 1 , 0 ) ↦ 1 ☉ 0 = 0( 0 ) = 0
( 1 , 1 ) ↦ 1 ☉ 1 = 1( 1 ) = 1
Range = { 0 , 1 } ⊂ A
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5. Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. Is the function ☉ defined by x☉y = x + 3y a
binary operation on J+
Solution
အဆငးံ ( 1 ) Domain ေရ့
Domain = J+x J+
အဆငးံ ( 2 ) Formula ေရ့

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
x☉y = x + 3y
အဆငးံ ( 3 ) Range သညး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ အစု၏ အစုပိုငး့်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပ
x , y ∈ J+  ( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ☉operation သညး J+ေပၚတျငး

+
အလုပးလုပးသ်ဖငးံ x ေရာ y ပါ J ထဲတျငးရြိသညး။ )
3y ∈ J+ ( ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ပါေသာမသိကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ J+ထဲတျငးပါေၾကာငး့်ပ။ )

x + 3y ∈ J+ 
( ေဖား်မဴလာ အ်ပညးံအစုဵ်ပနးေရ့ )
x☉y ∈ J+ 
( ေဖား်မဴလာနဲ႔ အစာ့ထို့ )
Range ⊂ J+ 
( x☉y သညး Range ထဲရြိ element ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ x☉y သညး J+ ထဲရြိေသာအခါ
Range သညး J+ ၏ အစုပိုငး့်ဖစးလာသညး။ )
( ဤပုစာၦသညး အစု J+ေနရာတျငး R သို႔ J သို႔ N ဆိုရငးလညး့ x + 3y သညး အဆိုပါအစုမ္ာ့ထဲတျငး ပါွငးသ်ဖငးံ
J+ေနရာတျငး R ်ဖစး်ဖစး J ်ဖစး်ဖစး N ေ်ပာငး့ေမ့လို႔ရပါသညး။ )
R = the set of real numbers
J = the set of integers
J+= the set of positive integers
N = the set of natural numbers
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.Show that the mapping☉defined by x☉y = xy + x2 + y2 is a binary operation on the set R
Solution
Domain = R x R
x☉y = xy + x2 + y2
x,y∈ R
xy , x2 , y2 ∈ R
xy + x2 + y2 ∈ R
x☉y ∈ R
Range ⊂ R
2 2
( ဤပုစာၦသညး အစု R ေနရာတျငး J+ သို႔ J သို႔ N ဆိုရငးလညး့ xy + x + y သညး အဆိုပါအစုမ္ာ့ထဲတျငး
ပါွငးသ်ဖငးံ R ေနရာတျငး J+ ်ဖစး်ဖစး J ်ဖစး်ဖစး N ေ်ပာငး့ေမ့လို႔ရပါသညး။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Show that the mapping☉defined by x☉y = 2xy – x – y is a binary operation on the set R
of real numbers.
Solution
Domain = R x R
x☉y = 2xy – x – y
x,y∈ R
xy , x2 , y2 ∈ R
xy + x2 + y2 ∈ R
x☉y ∈ R
Range ⊂ R

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( ဤပုစာၦသညး image မြာ 2xy – x – y ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ အစု R ေနရာတျငး ( 1 ) အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု ( J+)
( 2 ) သဘာွကိနး့မ္ာ့အစု ( N ) မ္ာ့်ဖစးလို႔မရပါ။ အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံႏြစးခု ႏႈတး်ခငး့သညး အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံတစးခု
်ပနးရမညးဟု တစးထစးခ္မေ်ပာႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့်ဖစးေသာ 2xy , x , y တို႔၏ ႏႈတးလဒး 2xy – x – y
သညး အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံတစးခု်ဖစးမညးဟု တစးထစးခ္မေ်ပာႏိုငးပါ။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာဖနးရြငးအာ့
အစု R ေနရာတျငး J ( ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု ) တစးခုသာ ေ်ပာငး့ေမ့ဖို႔ အဆငးေ်ပပါသညး။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a )Show that the mapping☉defined by x☉y = xy + x + y is a binary operation on the set R
of real numbers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b )Show that the mapping☉defined by a☉b = a2 – ab + b2 is a binary operation on the
set R of real numbers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c )Let J be the set of positive integers. Show that the operation☉defined by
a☉b = ab + a + b , for a , b ∈ J is a binary operation on J.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d )An operation ☉on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b.
Show that ☉ is a binary operation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e )An operation ☉on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b.
Show that ☉ is a binary operation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( f )Let R be the set of real numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = a2– 2ab + 3b2 for
all a,b Є R , a binary operation ?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( g ) Let R be the set of real numbers.Is the function☉defined by a☉b = a2– 4ab + b2 for
all a,b Є R , a binary operation ?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( h ) An operation ☉is defined on R by x☉y = xy – x + y. Prove that ☉is a binary operation
on R.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( i )A function on the st of R of real numbers is defined by x☉y = y ( 3x + 2y ) , x, y Є R .
Prove that ☉is a binary operation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( j )Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. An operation ☉is given by x☉y = x ( 2x + y ) for
+
all positive integers x and y. Prove that ☉is a binary operation on J .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( k )Let N be the set of natural numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = ( 2a + b )b
where a,b Є N ,a binary operation?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( l ) Let N be the set of natural numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = 2a( a + b )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( m )Let N be the set of natural numbers. Is the function ☉defined by a☉b = ( a + b )b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
( n ) Let J be the set of all positive integers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = a( 2a + b )
+
where a,b Є J ,a binary operation?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commutative , Associative ်ဖစး၊မ်ဖစးသကးေသ်ပခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
8. Are the following binary operations commutative or not ? Are they associative ?
( 1 ) x☉y = xy + x + y is a binary operation on the set R of real numbers.
Solution
x☉y = xy + x + y
y☉x = yx + y + x = xy + x + y
x☉y = y☉x
☉ is commutative
( x☉y ) ☉z = xy + x + y☉z = ( xy + x + y ) z + xy + x + y + z = xyz + xz + yz + xy + x + y + z
= xyz + xy + xz + yz + x + y + z
x☉( y☉z ) = x☉( yz + y + z ) = x( yz + y + z ) + x + yz + y + z = xyz + xy + xz + x + yz + y + z
= xyz + xy + xz + yz + x + y + z
( x☉y ) ☉z ≠ x☉( y☉z )
☉ is not associative.
( ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့၊မ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပရာတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာေဖား်မဴလာအရမး့မရႈတးလ္ြငး မသိကိနး့်ဖငးံသာ်ပပါ။ ရႈတးလ္ငး
ေတာံ အေ်ခအေနၾကညးံ်ပီ့ သိကိနး့်ဖငးံ်ပႏိုငးပါသညး။ မ်ဖစးေကာငး့တနး့်ပခိုငး့လ္ြငးေတာံ သိကိနး့်ဖငးံတနး့်ပပါ။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) x☉y = xy – x + y , on R.
Solution
x☉y = xy – x + y
y☉x = yx – y + x = xy + x – y
x☉y ≠ y☉x
☉ is not commutative
( x☉y ) ☉z = xy – x + y☉z = ( xy – x + y ) z – xy + x – y + z = xyz – xz + yz – xy + x – y + z
= xyz – xy – xz + yz + x – y + z
x☉( y☉z ) = x☉( yz – y + z ) = x( yz – y + z ) – x + yz – y + z = xyz – xy + xz – x + yz – y + z
= xyz – xy + xz + yz – x – y + z
( x☉y ) ☉z ≠ x☉( y☉z )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) a☉b = a2 – ab + b2 is a binary operation on the set R of real numbers.
Solution
a☉b = a2 – ab + b2
b☉a = b2 – ba + a2 = a2 – ab + b2
x☉y = y☉x
☉ is commutative
( 1☉2 ) ☉3 = ( 12 – 2 + 22 ) ☉3 = ( 1 – 2 + 4 ) ☉3 = 3☉3 = 32 – 9 + 32= 9 – 9 + 9 = 9

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1☉( 2☉3 ) = 1☉ ( 22 – 6 + 32 ) = 1☉ ( 4 – 6 + 9 ) = 3☉7 = 32 – 21 + 72= 9 – 21 + 49 = 37

( 1☉2 ) ☉3 ≠ 1☉( 2☉3 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 4 ) a☉b = ab + a + b , for a , b ∈ J
Solution
a ☉b = a b + a + b
1☉2 = 12 + 1 + 2 = 4
2☉1 = 21 + 2 + 1 = 5
1☉2 ≠ 2☉1
( 1☉2 ) ☉3 = 4☉3 = 43 + 4 + 3 = 64 + 4 + 3 = 71
1☉( 2☉3 ) = 1☉( 23 + 2 + 3 ) = 1☉( 9 + 2 + 3 ) = 1☉14 = 114 + 1 + 14 = 16
( 1☉2 ) ☉3 ≠ 1☉( 2☉3 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 5 ) x☉y = y ( 3x + 2y ) , x, y Є R
Solution
x☉y = y ( 3x + 2y ) = 3xy + 2y2
1☉2 = 3( 1 )2 + 2( 2 )2 = 6 + 8 = 14
2☉1 = 3( 2 )1 + 2( 1 )2 = 6 + 2 = 8
1☉2 ≠ 2☉1
( 1☉2 ) ☉3 = 14☉3 = 3( 14 )2 + 2( 3 )2 = 84 + 18 = 102
1☉( 2☉3 ) = 1☉( 3( 2 )3 + 2( 3 )2 ) = 1☉(18 + 18 ) = 1☉36 = 3( 1 )36 + 2( 36 )2
= 106 + 2( 36 )2
( 1☉2 ) ☉3 ≠ 1☉( 2☉3 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b
( b ) a☉b = a2– 2ab + 3b2 for all a,b Є R
( c ) a☉b = a2– 4ab + b2 for all a,b Є R
( d ) x☉y = x ( 2x + y ) for all positive integers x and y.
( e ) a☉b = 2a( a + b ) where a,b Є N
( f ) a☉b = ( 2a + b )b where a,b Є N
( g ) a☉b = ( a + b )b where a,b Є N
( h ) a☉b = a( 2a + b ) where a,b Є J+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary operation ေအာကးတျငး image ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
9. Solve the equation ( k☉5 ) – ( 3☉k ) = 2k +13 for x☉y = x + 3y , a binary operation on

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
J+, the set of all positive integers. Ans ; k = –  J+
𝟒
Solution
x☉y = x + 3y
( k☉5 ) – ( 3☉k ) = 2k +13
k + 3( 5 ) – ( 3 + 3k ) = 2k + 13
k + 15 – 3 – 3k = 2k + 13
12 – 2k = 2k + 13
4k = – 1
𝟏 +
k=–  J
𝟒
+
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Opeartion သညး အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့အစု ( J ) အေပၚတျငး Operate လုပးေသာ
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ element k သညး ထိုအစုတျငး မပါွငးပါ။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. Find the values of 2☉4 and 4☉2 for a☉b = ab + a + b ,for a,b ∈ J = the set of positive
integers. Ans ; 2☉ 4 = 22 , 4☉2 = 22.
Solution
a ☉b = a b + a + b
2☉4 = 24 + 2 + 4 = 16 + 2 + 4 = 22
4☉2 = 42 + 4 + 2 = 16 + 4 + 2 = 22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) Evaluate 3☉( 2☉1 ) for a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b..
Ans ; 3☉( 2☉1 ) = 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) Find the value of a such that ( a☉b ) + ( 2☉a ) = 16 for x☉y = xy – x + y , x, y Є R .
Ans ; a = 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) Solve the equation ( 3x☉x) = 44 for x☉y = y ( 3x + 2y ) , x, y Є R . Ans ; x = ± 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) Calculate ( 2☉3 )☉4 and 2☉( 3☉4 ) for x☉y = x ( 2x + y ) for all positive integers x
and y. Ans ; ( 2☉3 )☉4 = 448 , 2☉( 3☉4 ) = 68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( e ) Calculate 5☉3 and 3☉5. Is 3☉5=5☉3 for a☉b = ( 2a + b )b where a,b Є N
Ans ; 5☉3 = 39 , 3☉5 = 55 , 3☉5 ≠ 5☉3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Cayley’s Table ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
11. A binary operation on the set of intrgers defined by x☉y = the remainder when x y is
divided by 5. Complete the following operation table.
☉ 0 1 2 3 4
☉ 0 1 2 3 4
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1
2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 2 1 2 4 3 1
4 1
3 1 3 4 2 1
y
x☉y = the remainder when x is divided by 5. 3
4 1 4 1 4 1
0☉1 = the remainder when 01 is divided by 5 = 0
similarly , 0☉2 = 0 , 0☉3 = 0 , 0☉4 = 0

similarly , 1☉2 = 1 , 1☉3 = 1 , 1☉4 = 1
similarly , 2☉0 = 1 , 2☉1 = 2 , 2☉3 = 3 , 2☉4 = 1
similarly , 3☉0 = 1 , 3☉1 = 3 , 3☉2 = 4 , 3☉4 = 1
similarly , 4☉0 = 1 , 4☉1 = 4 , 4☉2 = 1 , 4☉3 = 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Let A = { 0 ,1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } and a binary operation ⊕ : A x A  A be defined by
( x , y ) ↦ x⊕ y = r , where r is the remainder when x + y is divided by 5. Complete the
following Cayley’s table.
☉ 0 1 2 3 4
⊕ 0 1 2 3 4
0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4
1 2
2 4 1 1 2 3 4 0
3 1 2 2 3 4 0 1
4 3
Solution 3 3 4 0 1 2
3
x⊕ y = the remainder when x + y is divided by 5. 4 4 0 1 2 3
0⊕1 = the remainder when 0 + 1 is divided by 5 = 1
similarly , 0⊕2 = 2 , 0⊕3 = 3 , 0⊕4 = 4
1⊕0 = the remainder when 1 + 0 is divided by 5 = 1

similarly , 1⊕2 = 3 , 1⊕3 = 4 , 1⊕4 = 0
similarly , 2⊕0 = 2 , 2⊕1 = 3 , 2⊕3 = 0 , 2⊕4 = 1
similarly , 3⊕0 = 3 , 3⊕1 = 4 , 3⊕2 = 0 , 3⊕4 = 2
similarly , 4⊕0 = 4 , 4⊕1 = 0 , 4⊕2 = 1 , 4⊕3 = 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထကးပါ ပုစာၦ 12 တျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာပုဵစဵမြာ x ႏြငးံ y တုိ႔၏ ေပါငး့လဒးကို 5 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ အၾကျငး့ကိုယူေပ့ရမညး

်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ပုဵစဵကို 5 - hour clock arithmetic on addition ( သို႔ ) arithmetic modulo 5 on addition
ဟုေခၚပါသညး။ x ႏြငးံ y တုိ႔၏ ေ်မြာကးလဒးကို 5 ်ဖငးံစာ့၍ အၾကျငး့ကိုယူေပ့ရမညးဆိုလ္ြငး 5 - hour clock
arithmetic on multiplication ( သို႔ ) arithmetic modulo 5 on multiplication ဟုေခၚပါမညး။ စာ့ေသာ
တနးဖို့အလိုကး 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့လ္ြငး 3 - hour clock arithmetic / 12 ်ဖငးံစာ့လ္ြငး 12 - hour clock arithmetic
စသညး်ဖငးံ အမညးမ္ာ့ေ်ပာငး့သျာ့ပါမညး။ ပုစာၦ 12 ကို ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့ ပုဵစဵအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပလို႔လဲ ရပါ
သညး။
1. x☉ y = the remainder when x + y is divided by 5
x☉ y = 5 - hour clock arithmetic on addition
x☉ y = arithmetic modulo 5 on addition
x☉ y = x ⊕5 y
2. x☉ y = the remainder when xy is divided by 5
x☉ y = 5 - hour clock arithmetic on multiplication
x☉ y = arithmetic modulo 5 on multiplication
x☉ y = x ⊗5 y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Let A = { 0 ,1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } and a binary operation ⊗5 : A x A  A be defined by
(x,y)↦ x ⊗
5
y . Complete the following Cayley’s table.
☉ 0 1 2 3 4
⊗
5 0 1 2 3 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
1 0 1 2 3 4
2 4
3 4 2 0 2 4 1 3
4 1
3 0 3 1 4 2
Solution
4 0 4 3 2 1
x ⊗5 y = the remainder when xy is divided by 5.
0 ⊗5 1 = the remainder when 0 ( 1 ) is divided by 5 = 0
similarly , 0 ⊗5 2 = 0 , 0 ⊗5 3 =0 , 0 ⊗5 4 = 0
similarly , 1 ⊗5 0 = 1 , 1 ⊗5 2 = 2 , 1 ⊗5 3 = 3 , 1 ⊗5 4 = 4
similarly , 2 ⊗5 0 = 2 , 2 ⊗5 1 = 2 , 2 ⊗5 3 = 1 , 2 ⊗5 4 = 3
similarly , 3 ⊗5 0 = 3 , 3 ⊗5 1 = 3 , 3 ⊗5 2 = 1 , 3 ⊗5 4 = 2
similarly , 4 ⊗5 0 = 4 , 4 ⊗5 1 = 4 , 4 ⊗5 2 = 3 , 4 ⊗5 3 = 2
အထကးပါပုစာၦအာ့ ေအာကးပါပုဵစဵ ေမ့ချနး့မ္ာ့ေ်ပာငး့်ပီ့လညး့ ေမ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
ပုဵစဵ ( a ) Let A = { 0 ,1 , 2 , 3 , 4 } and a binary operation ☉on the set of A be defined by

x ☉ y = the remainder when xy is divided by 5 . Complete the following Cayley’s table.
ပုဵစဵ ( b ) Let A = { 0,1,2,3,4 } and a binary operation ☉on the set of A be defined by 5 - hour
clock arithmetic on multiplication . Complete the following Cayley’s table.
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ပုဵစဵ ( c ) Let A = { 0,1,2,3,4 } and a binary operation ☉on the set of A be defined by
arithmetic modulo 5 on multiplication. Complete the following Cayley’s table.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Let A = { 1,2,3 } , B = { 3,4,5 } and C = { 1,2,3,4,5 } .If the operation of union( U ) can
perform on the given sets , complete the following table.
U ∅ A B C
U ∅ A B C
∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ A B C
A C
A A A C C
B C
C C B B C B C
Solution
C C C C C
∅UA=A,∅UB=B,∅UC=C
A U ∅ = A , A U A = A , A U B = { 1,2,3 } U { 3,4,5 } = { 1,2,3,4,5 } = C
B U ∅ = A , B U B = B , B U C = { 3,4,5 } U { 1,2,3,4,5 } = { 1,2,3,4,5 } = C
C U ∅ = C , C U A = { 1,2,3,4,5 } U { 1,2,3 } = { 1,2,3,4,5 } = C
C U B = { 1,2,3,4,5 } U { 3,4,5 } = { 1,2,3,4,5 } = C
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Let A = { 1,2,3 } , B = { 3,4,5 } and C = { 1,2,3,4,5 } .If the operation of union( ∩ ) can
perform on the given sets , complete the following table.
∩ ∅ A B C
∩ ∅ A B C
∅ ∅ ∅ ∅ A ∅ ∅
A {3} A ∅ A {3} A
B
C B ∅ {3} B B
Solution
C ∅ A B C
∅∩A=∅,∅∩B=∅,∅∩C=∅
A ∩ ∅ = ∅ , A ∩ A = A , A ∩ C = { 1,2,3 } ∩ { 1,2,3,4,5 } = { 1,2,3 } = A
B ∩ ∅ = ∅ , B ∩ A = { 3,4,5 } ∩ { 1,2,3 } = { 3 } , B ∩ B = B
B ∩C = { 3,4,5 } ∩ { 1,2,3,4,5 } = { 3,4,5 } = B
C ∩ ∅ = C , C ∩ A = { 1,2,3,4,5 } ∩ { 1,2,3 } = { 1,2,3 } = A
C ∩ B = { 1,2,3,4,5 } ∩ { 3,4,5 } = { 3,4,5 } = B , C ∩ C = C
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that a☉b = a2 + 2b2 , solve the equation y☉ 𝟏𝟓 = 4☉5. Ans ; y = ± 6
Solution ( 110 / 2003 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
2 2
a☉b = a + 2b ,
y☉ 𝟏𝟓 = 4☉5
y2 + 2( 𝟏𝟓 )2 = 16 + 50
y2 + 30 = 66

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
y2 = 30 = ( ± 6 )2
y=±6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that a . b = a2 + ab. Solve the equation x . 4 = 3 . 4. Ans; x = – 7 or x = 3
Solution ( 113 / 2002 ဧရာွတီ )
a . b = a + ab
2
x. 4=3. 4
x2 + 4x = 32 + 3( 4 ) = 9 + 12 = 21
x2 + 4x = 21
x2 + 4x – 21 = 0
( x + 7 )( x – 3 ) = 0
x = – 7 or x = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binary Operation ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့ သကးေသ်ပခိုငး့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1.Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. Is the function ☉defined by x☉y = x + 3y a
binary operation on J+ ? If it is a binary operation, solve the equation
𝟏
( k☉5 ) – ( 3☉k ) = 2k +13. Ans ; – ∈ J+ ( 2 / 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ )( 105 / 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. An operation ☉is defined on R by x☉y = xy – x + y. Prove that ☉is a binary operation on
R. Is ☉ commutative ? Why ? Find the value of a such that ( a☉b ) + ( 2☉a ) = 16.
Ans ; ☉ is not commutative. a = 4 ( 41 / 2012 ကခ္ငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Show that the mapping☉defined by x☉y = 2xy – x – y is a binary operation on the set R
of real numbers. Is the binary operation commutative? Why ? ( 120 / 2008 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Show that the mapping ☉defined by x☉y = xy + x + y is a binary operation on the set R
of real numbers. Is the binary operation commutative? Why ? ( 126 / 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Show that the mapping☉defined by x☉y = xy + x2 + y2 is a binary operation on the set
R and verify that it is commutative and but not associative. ( 4 / 2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Show that the mapping☉defined by a☉b = a2 – ab + b2 is a binary operation on the set
R of real numbers. Is the binary operation commutative? Why ? ( 117 / 2008 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.An operation ☉on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b.
Show that ☉ is a binary operation. ( 8 / 2013 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3.An operation ☉on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b.
Show that ☉ is a binary operation and evaluate 3☉( 2☉1 ). Ans ; 3☉( 2☉1 ) = 4
( 163 / 2006 ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Let R be the set of real numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = a2– 2ab + 3b2 for all
a,b Є R , a binary operation ? Is ☉ commutative ? Why ? ( 38 / 2012 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Let R be the set of real numbers.Is the function☉defined by a☉b = a2– 4ab + b2 for all
a,b ∈ R ,a binary operation? Is ☉commutative? Is ☉associative ?
( 39 / 2012 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Let J be the set of positive integers. Show that the operation ☉defined by
a☉b = ab + a + b , for a , b ∈ J is a binary operation on J.Find the values of 2☉4 and 4☉2 .
Is this binary operation commutative ? Why ?
Solution Ans ; 2☉4 = 22 , 4☉2 = 22. ( 19 / 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
b
a ☉b = a + a + b
a , b ∈ J , where J is the set of positive integers.
ab ∈ J ***
ab + a + b ∈ J
a ☉b ∈ J
Range ⊂ J
The mapping ☉is a binary operation
2☉4 = 24 + 2 + 4 = 16 + 2 + 4 = 22
4☉2 = 42 + 4 + 2 = 16 + 4 + 2 = 22
1☉2 = 12 + 1 + 2 = 4
2☉1 = 24 + 2 + 1 = 5
1☉2 ≠ 2☉1 ( Why ရဲ႕အေ်ဖ )
The binary operation is not commutative.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. A function on the st of R of real numbers is defined by x ☉y = y ( 3x + 2y ) , x, y Є R .
Prove that ☉is a binary operation and solve the equation ( 3x☉x ) = 44.
Solution Ans; x = ± 2 ( 42/2012 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
x☉y = y ( 3x + 2y )
x, y Є R
3x , 2y Є R
3x + 2y Є R
y ( 3x + 2y ) Є R
x☉y ∈ R
Range ⊂ R
The mapping ☉is a binary operation
x☉y = y ( 3x + 2y ) = 3xy + 2y2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 3x☉x ) = 44
3( 3x )( x ) + 2x2 = 44
9x2 + 2x2 = 44
11x2 = 44
x2 = 4
x=±2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. An operation ☉is given by x☉y = x ( 2x + y ) for
all positive integers x and y. Prove that ☉is a binary operation on J+ and calculate
( 2☉3 )☉4 and2☉( 3☉4 ). Is the binary operation commutative?
Ans ; ( 2☉3 )☉4 = 448 , 2☉( 3☉4 ) = 68 , ( 69 / 2010 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Let N be the set of natural numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = ( 2a + b )b where
a,b Є N ,a binary operation? If it is a binary operation ,calculate 5☉3 and 3☉5.
Is 3☉5=5☉3 ? Ans ; 5☉3 = 39 , 3☉5 = 55 , 3☉5 ≠ 5☉3 ( 46 / 2011 မႏ ၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Let N be the set of natural numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = 2a( a + b ) where
a,b Є N ,a binary operation? If it is a binary operation ,calculate 1☉4 and 4☉1.
Is 1☉4=4☉1 ? Ans ; 1☉4 = 10 , 4☉1 = 40 , 1☉4 ≠ 4☉1 ( 56 / 2011 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Let N be the set of natural numbers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = ( a + b )b where
a,b Є N ,a binary operation? If it is a binary operation , find ( 6☉3 )☉4 and 6☉( 3☉4 ) .
Ans ; ( 6☉3 )☉4 = 124 , 6☉( 3☉4 ) = 952 ( 67 / 2010 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. Is the function☉defined by a☉b = a( 2a + b )
where a,b Є J+ ,a binary operation? Is ( 2☉3 )☉4 = 2☉( 3☉4 ) .
Ans ;( 2☉3 )☉4 = 448 , 2☉( 3☉4 ) = 68 , ( 2☉3 )☉4 ≠ 2☉( 3☉4 ) ( 179 / 2005 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Operation ၏ Image တနးဖို့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Commutative , Associative သကးေသ်ပခ္ကးပါေနေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
7. A binary operation☉on the set of integer is defined by a☉b = the remander when
( a + 2b ) is divisible by 4. Find ( 1☉3 )☉2 and 1☉( 3☉2 ). Is commutative ? Why ?
Solution Ans; ( 1☉3 )☉2 = 3 , 1☉( 3☉2 ) = 3 ( 52 / 2011 ပဲခူ့ )
a☉b = the remander when ( a + 2b ) is divisible by 4
1☉3 = the remander when ( 1 + 2( 3 )) is divisible by 4 = 3
( 1☉3 )☉2 = 3☉2 = the remander when ( 3 + 2( 2 )) is divisible by 4 = 3
1☉( 3☉2 ) = 1☉3 = 3
3☉1 = the remander when ( 3 + 2( 1 )) is divisible by 4 = 1

1☉3 ≠ 3☉1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = the remainder when xy is divided by 5. Is
the binary operation commutative ? Find [( 2☉3 ) ☉4 ] + [ 2☉( 3 ☉4 ) ] . Is the binary
operation associative ? Ans ; [( 2☉3 ) ☉4 ] + [ 2☉( 3 ☉4 ) ] = 3 ( 4 / 2013 မႏၲေလ့ )
Solution
x☉y = the remainder when x y is divided by 5
2☉3 ≠ 3☉2
( 2☉3 ) ☉4 = 3☉4 = the remainder when 34 is divided by 5 = 1
2☉( 3 ☉4 ) = 2☉1 = the remainder when 21 is divided by 5 = 2
[( 2☉3 ) ☉4 ] + [ 2☉( 3 ☉4 ) ] = 1 + 2 = 3
( 2☉3 ) ☉4 ≠ 2☉( 3 ☉4 )
The binary operation is not associative.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. A operation ☉on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – ab + b2 , for all real numbers a and b. Is
☉associative ? Why ? Find the value of P such that p☉2 = 3 and hence evaluate p☉p.
Solution Ans . p☉p = 1 ( 17 / 2014 ကခ္ငး )
a☉b = a2 – ab + b2
1☉2 = 12 – 2 + 22 = 1 – 2 + 4 = 3
( 1☉2 )☉3 = 3☉3 = 32 – 9 + 32 = 9 – 9 + 9 = 9
2☉3 = 22 – 6 + 32 = 4 – 6 + 9 = 7
1☉( 2 ☉3 ) = 1☉7 = 12 – 7 + 72 = 1 – 7 + 49 = 43
( 1☉2 )☉3 ≠ 1☉( 2 ☉3 )
The binary operation is not associative.
p ☉2 = 3
p2 – 2p + 22 = 3
p2 – 2p + 1 = 0
( p – 1 )2 = 0
p–1=0
p=1
p☉p = 1☉1 = 12 – 1 + 12 = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. A operation ☉ on R is defined by a☉b = a ( a + 2b ) , a, b Є R. Is ☉commutative ?
Calculate ( 2☉3 )☉4. Find the value of x such that x☉2 = 2☉7.
Solution Ans ; ( 2☉3 )☉4 = 384 , x = 4 or x = – 8 ( 83 / 2010 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
a☉b = a ( a + 2b ) = a2 + 2ab
2☉3 = 22 + 2( 2 )( 3 ) = 4 + 12 = 16
3☉2 = 32 + 2( 3 )( 2 ) = 9 + 12 = 21
2☉3 ≠ 3☉2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 2☉3 )☉4 = 16 ☉4 = 162 + 2( 16 )( 4 ) = 256 + 128 = 384
x☉2 = 2☉7
x2 + 2( x )( 2 ) = 22 + 2( 2 )( 7 ) = 4 + 28
x2 + 4x = 32
x2 + 4x – 32 = 0
( x – 4 )( x + 8 ) = 0
x – 4 = 0 or x + 8 = 0
x = 4 or x = – 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. A binary operation☉on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2 . Show that ☉is
commutative. If ( 3☉k ) – ( 2k☉1 ) = k – 28 , find the value of a.
Solution Ans ; k = – 4 or k = 3 ( 65 / 2010 မႏၱေလ့ )
a☉b = a2 – 2ab + b2
( 3☉k ) – ( 2k☉1 ) = k – 28
( 32 – 2( 3 )k + k2 ) – ( ( 2k )2 – 2( 2k )1 + 12 ) = k – 28
9 – 6k + k2 – 4k2 + 4k –1 = k – 28
– 3k2 – 2k + 8 = k – 28
3k2 + 3k – 36 = 0
k2 + k – 12 = 0
( k + 4 )( k – 3 ) = 0
k + 4 = 0 or k – 3 = 0
k = – 4 or k = 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that x ☉y = x2 + xy + y2 , x,y Є R, solve the equation ( 6☉k ) – ( k☉2 ) = 8 – 8k.
Is ☉commutative? Why ? Ans ; k = – 2 ( 48 / 2011 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.A binary operation☉on R is defined by x☉y = x2 – xy + y2. Prove that the binary
operation is commutative.Find the value of p such that 2☉p = 12.
Ans . p = 4 or p = – 2 ( 123 / 2008 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ ) ( 34 / 2012 ရနးကုနး၊မႏၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.A binary operation☉on R is defined by x☉y = x2 + y2 , for all real numbers x and y .Show
that the binary operation is commutative and find the value of 2☉( 3☉1 ). Solve the
equation x☉2 𝟔 = 3☉4. Ans . 2☉( 3☉1 )= 104 , x = ± 1 ( 58 / 2011 ကခ္ငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.A binary operation☉on R is defined by x☉y = x2 – 2xy + y2. Prove that the binary
operation is commutative.Find the value of p such that 2☉p = 9.
Ans . p = 5 or p = – 1 ( 119 / 2008 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.A binary operation☉on R is defined by x☉y = 3x2 – 5xy + 3y2 for all real numbers x and
y. Show that the binary operation is commutative.Find the value of 1☉( 2☉3 ).
Ans ; 1☉( 2☉3 ) = 201 ( 169 / 2005 မေကျ့ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.A binary operation☉is defined on the set of real numbers by x☉y = x2 + 2y.
Is☉commutative? Why ? Solve p☉3 = 5p. Ans . p = 2 or p = 3 ( 85 / 2009 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.A binary operation☉on the set of integers is defined on the set of real numbers by
x☉y = 2x2+ y2. Evaluate ( 2☉3 )☉5 and 4☉( 3☉1 ) . Is the binary operation
commutative? Why ? Ans . ( 2☉3 )☉5 = 603 , 4☉( 3☉1 ) = 393 ( 103 / 2009 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.Let J+ be the set of all positive integers. A binary operation ☉ on the set J+ is defined by
a☉b = a2 + ab + b2 . Prove that the binary operation is commutative.Find the value of x
such that 2☉x = 12. Ans ; p = – 4 or p = 2 ( 61 / 2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.Let R be the set of real numbers and a binary operation☉on R is defined by
x☉y = xy – x – y for all x,y in R. Show that the operation☉is commutative.Solve the
equation( 2☉3 ) ☉x = ( x☉x )☉5. Ans ; x = 1 + 𝟐 or x = 1 – 𝟐 ( 8 / 2016 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x☉y = xy – x – y for all x,y in R. Find the value of ( 2☉1 )☉3 and 2☉( 1 ☉3 ). Is the
binary operation associative? Prove your answer.
Ans ; ( 2☉1 )☉3 = 5 , 2☉( 1 ☉3 ) = 13 ( 57 / 2011 ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11.Let R be the set of real numbers and a binary operation ☉on R is defined by
a☉b = ab + a + b for all a,b in R. Find ( 2☉3 )☉4 and 2☉(3 ☉4 ). Is the binary operation
associative? Prove your answer.
Ans ; ( 2☉3 )☉4 = 59 , 2☉(3 ☉4 ) = 59 ( 59 / 2011 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.The mapping defined by x☉y = xy – x – y is a binary operation on the set R of real
numbers. Is the binary operation commutative? Find ( 2☉3 )☉4 and 2☉(3 ☉4 ). Are
they equal ?
Ans; ( 2☉3 )☉4 = – 1 , 2☉(3 ☉4 ) = 3 , ( 2☉3 )☉4 = 2☉(3 ☉4 ) ( 37 / 2012 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x☉y = x + xy – y for all x,y in R. Show that the operation☉is not associative.Solve the
equation ( 2☉3 )☉x = ( x☉x ) – 7 . Ans ; x = 6 or x = – 2 ( 20 / 2013 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.A binary operation☉on the set of real number is given by x☉y = xy + 2x + 2y. Show
that the operation☉is commutative. Is the binary operation associative ?
( 122 / 2008 ဧရာွတီ၊ရခိုငး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
12. The binary operation * on R is defined by x* y = – xy , for all real numbers x and
𝟐
y , show that the operation is commutative , and find the possible value of a such that

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
a * 2 = a + 2. Ans ; a = 0 or 6 ( 191 / 2004 ကခ္ငး )( 14 / 2018 ်ပညးတျငး့ ) ( 15 / 2014 ရခိုငး )
Solution
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
x* y = – xy
𝟐
𝒚𝟐 +𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
y* x = – yx = – xy
𝟐 𝟐
x* y = y* x
The binary operation is commutative.
a*2=a+2
𝒂𝟐 +𝟐𝟐
– 2a = a + 2
𝟐
a 2+ 4 – 4a = 2a + 4
a 2 – 6a = 0
a(a–6)=0
a = 0 or a – 6 = 0
a = 0 or a = 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
1.A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = + 2xy . Show that ☉is
𝟐
commutative . Find the possible values of p such that p☉3 = p+ 10 .
Ans ; p = – 11 or 1 ( 144 / 2007 ကခ္ငး )( 8 / 2014 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
2.Let ☉be the binary operation on R is defined by x☉y = – xy , for all x,yЄ R. Prove
𝟐
that the ☉is commutative but not associative. ( 130 / 2007 မႏၱေလ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = ( 4x + y )2 – 15x2 ,show that it is
commutative. Find the possible values of k such that ( k + 1 ) ☉( k – 2 ) = 109.
Solution Ans ; k = 4 or – 3 ( 10 / 2014 ပဲခူ့ )
x☉y = ( 4x + y )2 – 15x2 = 16x 2 + 8xy + y2 – 15x2 = x 2 + 8xy + y2
x☉y = x 2 + 8xy + y2
y☉x = y 2 + 8yx + x2 = x 2 + 8xy + y2
( k + 1 )☉( k – 2 ) = 109
( k + 1 ) 2 + 8( k + 1 )( k – 2 ) + ( k – 2 )2 = 109
k 2 + 2k + 1 + 8( k 2 – k – 2 ) + k 2 – 4k + 4 = 109
2k 2 – 2k + 5 + 8k 2 – 8k – 16 = 109
10k 2 – 10k – 11 = 109
10k 2 – 10k – 120 = 0
k 2 – k – 12 = 0
( k – 4 )( k + 3 ) = 0
k = 4 or k = – 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1.A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = ( x + 2y )2 – 3y2 ,show that it is
commutative. Find the possible values of k such that ( k – 3 )☉( k + 2 ) = 25.
Ans ; k = 3 or – 2 ( 16 / 2018 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = ( 2x – 3y )2 – 5y2 ,show that it is
commutative. Find the possible values of k for which ( – 2 )☉k = 80.
Ans ; k = 2 or – 8 ( 2 / 2013 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = ( x – 2y )2 – 3y2 ,show that it is
commutative. Find the possible values of k for which k☉2 = – 11.
Ans ; k = 3 or 5 ( 91 / 2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = ( 3x – y )2 – 8x2 ,show that it is
commutative. Find the possible values of k for which 2☉k = – 31.
Ans ; k = 5 or 7 ( 99 / 2009 ရခိုငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.A binary operation☉on R is defined by x☉y = x + y + 4xy. Show the binary operation is
commutative. Find the value of a such that ( a☉3 )☉a = 263.
𝟓
Ans ; a = – ( or ) a = 2 ( 71 / 2010 ပဲခူ့ )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. A binary operation☉on R is defined by x☉y = x + y + 10xy. Show the binary operation
is commutative. Find the value of b such that ( 1☉b )☉b = 485.
Solution Ans ; b = – 2.2 ( or ) b = 2 ( 81 / 2010 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
x☉y = x + y + 10xy
y☉x = y + x + 10yx = x + y + 10xy
x☉y = y☉x
( 1☉b )☉b = 485
( 1 + b + 10b ) ☉b = 485
( 1 + 11b ) ☉b = 485
1 + 11b + b + 10( 1 + 11b )( b ) = 485
1 + 12b + 10b + 110b2 = 485
110b2 + 22b + 1 = 485
110b2 + 22b – 484 = 0
10b2 + 2b – 44 = 0
( 10b + 22 )( b – 2 ) = 0
10b + 22 = 0 or b – 2 = 0
b = – 2.2 ( or ) b = 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Binary Operation အတျကး ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုခုအာ့ ေ်ဖရြငး့ခိုငး့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
15. A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = ax2 + bx + cy for all real numbers x and

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
y. If 1☉1 = 4 , 2☉1 = 5 , 1☉2 = – 3 , then find the values of a , b and c.
Solution Ans ; a = – 5 , b = 16 , c = – 7 ( 43 / 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )( 10 / 2013 ပဲခူ့ )
x☉y = ax2 + bx + cy
1☉1 = 4
1☉1 = a ( 12 ) + b( 1 ) + c( 1 ) = a + b + c
a+b+c=4 (1)
2☉1 = 5
2☉1 = a ( 22 ) + b( 2 ) + c( 1 ) = 4a + 2b + c
4a + 2b + c = 5  ( 2 )
1☉2 = – 3
1☉2 = a ( 12 ) + b( 1 ) + c( 2 ) = a + b + 2c
a + b + 2c = – 3  ( 3 )
Eq ( 3 ) – ( 1 ) , c = – 7 in ( 2 ) and ( 1 )
Eq ( 2 )  4a + 2b – 7 = 5 , 4a + 2b = 12 ,
2a + b = 6 (4)
Eq ( 1 )  a + b – 7 = 4 , a + b = 11 (5)
Eq ( 4 ) – ( 5 ) , a = – 5
–5+b–7=4
b = 16
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. The binary operations ☉1 and ☉2 on R are defined by x☉1 y = x2 – y2 and
x☉2 y = 7x + 4y . Find ( 2☉2 1 ) ☉1 4. Find also if (–3☉1 2 ) ☉2 ( 1☉1 x ) = 3 .
Solution Ans ; 308 , x =  3 ( 21 / 2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
2 2
x☉1 y = x – y , x☉2 y = 7x + 4y
2☉2 1 = 7 ( 2 ) + 4 ( 1 ) = 14 + 4 = 18
( 2☉2 1 ) ☉1 4 = 18 ☉1 4 = 182 – 42 = 100 + 160 + 64 – 16 = 324 – 16 = 308
(–3☉1 2 ) ☉2 ( 1☉1 x ) = 3
((–3 )2 – 22) ☉2 ( 12– x2 ) = 3
( 9 – 4 ) ☉2 ( 1– x2 ) = 3
5 ☉2 ( 1– x2 ) = 3
7( 5 ) + 4( 1– x2 ) = 3
35 + 4 – 4x2 = 3
4x2 = 36
x2 = 9
x=3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. A binary operation ☉ on R is defined by x☉y = x2 – 2xy + 2y2. Find ( 3☉2 )☉4.
If ( 3☉k ) – ( k☉1 ) = k +1, find the value of k. Ans ; ( 3☉2 ) ☉4 = 17 , k = 2 or 3
Solution ( 124 / 2008 ကခ္ငး ) ( 12 / 2013 ဧရာွတီ )( 6 / 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ )
x☉y = x2 – 2xy + 2y2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3☉2 = 32 – 2( 3 )2 + 2( 2 )2 = 9 – 12 + 8 = 5
( 3☉2 )☉4 = 5☉4 = 52 – 2( 5 )4 + 2( 4 )2 = 25 – 40 + 32 = 17
( 3☉k ) – ( k☉1 ) = k +1
( 32 – 2( 3 )k + 2( k )2 ) – ( k2 – 2( k )1 + 2( 1 )2 ) = k +1
9 – 6k + 2k2 – k2 + 2k – 2 = k +1
k2 – 4k + 7 = k + 1
k2 – 5k + 6 = 0
( k – 2 )( k – 3 ) = 0
k = 2 or k = 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.An operation☉ is defined by a☉b = a2 + ab + b2, a,b Є R .Solve ( 6☉k ) – ( k☉2 ) = 8 – 8k.
Ans ; k = – 2. ( 165 / 2005 ရနးကုနး၊ရခိင ု း)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.If a☉b = a2 – 3ab + 2b2, find (– 2☉1 )☉4.Find p if ( p☉3 ) – ( 5☉p ) = 3p – 17.
Ans; (– 2☉1 )☉4 = 32 , p = 5 or – 2 ( 101 / 2009 ကခ္ငး )( 16 / 2013 ရခိုငး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18.Given ( 3a – b )☉( a + 3b ) = a2 – 3ab + 4b2, evaluate 4☉8.
Ans ; 4☉8 = 8 ( 36 / 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
Solution
( 3a – b )☉( a + 3b ) = a2 – 3ab + 4b2
let 3a – b = 4  ( 1 )
a + 3b = 8  ( 2 )
Eq ( 1 ) x 3 9a – 3b = 12
10 a = 20
a = 2 in ( 1 )
6–b=4
b =2
4☉8 = ( 2 )2 – 3( 2 )2 + 4( 2 )2 = 4 – 12 + 16 = 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. The operation ☉is defined by ( 2a + b )☉( a + 2b ) = a2 + ab + b2. Find 6☉9.
Ans ; 6☉9 = 21 ( 188 / 2004 ဧရာွတီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. A binary operation ☉is defined by ( 2a + b )☉( a + 2b ) = a2 + ab + b2. Find 4☉5.
Ans ; 4☉5 = 7 ( 161 / 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. The operation☉on R be given such that ( x – 2y )☉( 2x – y ) = ( x – y )2 for all x,y Є R.
Find 3☉9. Ans ; 3☉9 = 16 ( 171 / 2005 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. The operation ☉is defined by x☉y = x2 + xy – 3y2, x,y Є R . If 4☉x = 17, find the

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
possible values of x.Find also ( 2☉1 )☉3. Ans ; x = 1 or , ( 2☉1 )☉3 = – 9
𝟑
( 75 / 2010 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )( 14 / 2013 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.R is the set of real numbers and a mapping is gven by a ☉b = a2 + ab + b2, for all a,b Є R.
Find the values of 2☉1 , ( 2☉1 )☉4, also find the value of p if p☉4 = 61.
Ans ; 2☉1 = 7 , ( 2☉1 )☉4 = 93 , p = – 9 or p = 5 ( 93 / 2009 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.The operation ☉is defined by x☉y = x2 + 3xy – y2, for x,y Є R . Find the possible values of
x such that x☉2 = 3.Find also ( 5☉4 )☉2. Ans ; x = – 7 or 1 , ( 5☉4 )☉2 =
5171
( 89 / 2009 မေကျ့ )( 159 / 2006 ဧရာွတီ )( 63 / 2010 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.The binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = x2 + 3xy– 2y2. Find 2☉1.If x☉2 = – 13,
find the value of x. Ans ; 2☉1 = 8 , x = – 1 or – 5 ( 18 / 2013 ကခ္ငး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.The operation ☉ is defined by x☉y = x2 + 2xy – 3y2. Find 1☉2. If x☉3 = – 20, find the
possible values of x. Ans ; 1☉2 = – 7 , x = – 7 or 1 ( 174 / 2005 ဧရာွတီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.The operation ☉ is defined by x☉y = x2 – 4xy – 5y2. Calculate 5☉4. Find the value of x
such that x☉2 = 28. Ans ; 5☉4 = – 135 , x = 12 or – 4 ( 181 / 2004 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.The operation ☉ is defined by a☉b = 2a2 – 3ab. Evaluate 1☉( 2☉3 ). Find the value of x
such that 2x☉4 = 80.
Ans ; 1☉( 2☉3 )= 32 , x = 5 or – 2 ( 97 / 2009 မျနး၊ကရငး၊ တနသၤာရီ )( 152 / 2006 မႏၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A binary operation ☉on R is defined by x☉y = yx + 2xy yx – xy. Evaluate ( 2☉1 ) ☉1.
Ans ; ( 2☉1 ) ☉1 does not exist ( 10 / 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )******
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. Let R be the set of real numbers and a binary operation☉on R be defined by
𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
x☉y = – 2xy , for all x,y ∈ R. Find the value of 3☉2 and ( 3☉2 )☉16.
𝟐
If a and b are realnumbers such that a☉ b = 8 , find the relation between a and b.
𝒃 ±𝟒
Solution Ans ; 3☉2 = 8 , ( 3☉2 ) ☉16 = 0 , a = ( 40 / 2012 ရနးကုနး )
𝟐
𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 𝟒𝒙𝟐 −𝟒𝒙𝒚+𝒚𝟐 ( 𝟐𝒙)𝟐 −𝟐(𝟐𝒙)𝒚+𝒚𝟐 (𝟐𝒙−𝒚 )𝟐
x☉y = – 2xy = = =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝟔−𝟐)𝟐 𝟒𝟐 𝟏𝟔
3☉2 = = = =8
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝟏𝟔−𝟏𝟔)𝟐
( 3☉2 )☉4 = 8☉4 = =0
𝟐
a☉ b = 8

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
(𝟐𝒂−𝒃 )𝟐
=8
𝟐
( 2a – b )2 = 16
2a – b =  4
𝒃 ±𝟒
a=
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Let R be the set of real numbers and a binary operation☉on R be defined by
𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐
a ☉b = – ab for all a,b Є R. Find the value of 3☉1 and ( 3☉1 )☉4. Find the value of x
𝟐
such that x☉2 = x + 2 . Ans ; 3☉1 = 2 , ( 3☉1 )☉4 = 2 , x = 0 or 6 ( 54 / 2011 ဧရာွတီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24.Let R be the set of real numbers and a binary operation on R be defined
by a☉b = 2ab – a + 4b , for a , b Є R .Find the value of 3☉( 2☉4 ) and
( 3☉2 )☉4. If x☉y = 2 , x ≠ – 2 , find the numerical value of y☉y.
( 22/2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - 12/2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution Ans ; 3☉( 2☉4 ) = 297 , ( 3☉2 )☉4 = 135 , y☉y = 2
a☉b = 2ab – a + 4b
2☉4 = 2 ( 2 ) 4 – 2 + 4 ( 4 ) = 16 – 2 + 16 = 30
3☉( 2☉4 ) = 3☉30 = 2( 3 )30 – 3 + 4( 30 ) = 180 – 3 + 120 = 297
3☉2 = 2( 3 )2 – 3 + 4 ( 2 ) = 12 – 3 + 8 = 17
( 3☉2 )☉4 = 17☉4 = 2( 17 )4 – 17 + 4( 4 ) = 7 ( 17 ) + 16 = 119 + 16 = 135
x☉y = 2
2xy – x + 4y = 2
2xy + 4y = x + 2
2y ( x + 2 ) = x + 2
x≠–2,x+2≠0
 2y = 1
𝟏
y=
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
 y☉y = ☉ = 2( )( )– + 4( )= – +2=2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. A binary operation ☉on R is be defined by a☉b = a2 – 2b , for all real numbers a and
b. If 4☉( 2☉k ) = 20 , find the value of k☉5. Ans ; k☉5 = – 1. ( 150 / 2006 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. A binary operation ☉is be defined on R by a☉b = a ( 2a + 3b ) , for all real numbers a
and b. Find 1☉( 1☉2 ) and ( 1☉1 )☉2. Find the value of b such that b☉3 = 26.
𝟏
Ans ; 1☉( 1☉2 ) = 80 , ( 1☉1 )☉2 = 26 , b = 2 or – 6 ( 45 / 2011 ရနးကုနး )
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A binary operation ☉is be defined on R by a☉b = ( 2a + 3b )a , a,b Є R. Find 6☉( 3☉4 ) .
Find the value of y such that 2☉y = 95.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
Ans ; 6☉( 3☉4 ) = 16416 , y = 5 or – 6 ( 77 / 2010 ရခိုငး )
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟔𝒂
27.Given that a☉b = a2 + + 4 and a,b ∈ R , find the value of ( 3☉9 )☉1.
𝒃
Solve 3☉y = 22. Ans ; ( 3☉9 )☉1 = 319 , y = 2 ( 4 / 2014 မႏၱေလ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟔𝒂
1.Given that a☉b = a2 + + 4, b ≠ 0. Find the value of ( 4☉8 )☉1. Solve x☉3 = 12.
𝒃
Ans ; ( 4☉8 )☉1 = 671 , x = – 4 or 2 ( 157 / 2006 ပဲခူ့၊ကခ္ငး )( 6 / 2013 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂
2.Given that a☉b = a2 + + 1 , b ≠ 0. Solve the equation 2☉( 3☉y ) = 4.
𝒃
𝟏
Ans ; y = – ( 167 / 2005 မႏၱေလ့ )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟔𝒑
3.Given that p☉q = p2 + + 3 , q ≠ 0. Find the value of ( 1☉3 )☉9. Solve 1☉x = 10.
𝒒
Ans ; ( 1☉3 )☉9 = 43 , x = 1 ( 173 / 2005 ပဲခူ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂
28. An operation ☉ on the set of real numbers is defined by a☉b = ab + 𝟐 . Solve the
𝟏𝟑
equation x☉ ( x + 2 ) = 26. Ans ; x = 4 or – ( 128 / 2007 ရနးကုနး )
𝟐
Solution
𝒂 𝟐𝒂𝒃+𝒂 𝒂( 𝟐𝒃+𝟏)
a☉b = ab + 𝟐 = =
𝟐 𝟐
x☉ ( x + 2 ) = 26
𝒙( 𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 +𝟏)
= 26
𝟐
x( 2x + 4 + 1 ) = 52
x( 2x + 5 ) = 52
2x2 + 5x – 52 = 0
( x – 4 )( 2x + 13 ) = 0
𝟏𝟑
x = 4 or x = –
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.An operation ☉is defined by a☉b = a2 – b2. Solve the equation ( 2x + 1 )☉x = 8 .
𝟕
Ans ; x = 1 or – ( 138 / 2007 ဧရာွတီ )
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
29. Let J be the set of all positive integers and a binary operation☉is defined by
+
a☉b = a( 3a + b ), for a,b Є J . Find the value of 2☉1 , ( 2☉1 )☉4. Find also the value of p
such that p ☉ ( p + 1 ) = 39 . Ans; 2☉1 = 14 , ( 2☉1 )☉4 = 644 , p = 3 ( 73 / 2010 ဧရာွတီ )
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
a☉b = a( 3a + b )
2☉1 = 2 ( 6 + 1 ) = 14
( 2☉1 )☉4 = 14☉4 = 14( 42 + 4 ) = 14( 46 ) = 644
p☉( p + 1 ) = 39
p( 3p + p + 1 ) = 39
4p2 + p – 39 = 0
( p – 3 )( 4p + 13 ) = 0
𝟏𝟑
p = 3 or p = –
𝟒
p>0
p=3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A binary operation ☉is defined on R by x☉y = x ( 2x + 3y ) , for all real number x and y.
Find 1☉( 2☉3 ). Find the value of x such that x☉3x = 36.
Ans ; 1☉( 2☉3 ) = 189 , x = ± 2 ( 186 / 2004 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.The operation ☉is defined on R by x☉y = x ( 3x + 2y ). Find 2☉3 . If x☉3x = 36, find the
possible values of x . Ans ; 2☉3 = 24 , x = ± 2 ( 134 / 2007 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.A binary operation ☉on R is be defined by x☉y = x2 + 3xy – 2y2 , for all real values x and
y. Find 4☉3 . Find the possible values of x such that 2x☉x = 4.
𝟐
Ans ; 4☉3 = 34 , x = ± ( 146 / 2007 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ )
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.The operation ☉ is defined by x☉y = x2 – 4xy – 5y2.Calculate 5☉4. Find the possible
values of x such that x☉2 = 28. Ans; 5☉4 = – 135 , x = 12 or x = – 4 ( 2/2014 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.The operation ☉ is defined by x☉y = x2 + xy – 3y2.Find 3☉2. If 4☉x = 17, find the
𝟏
possible values of x . Ans; 3 ☉2 = 3 , x = 1 or x = ( 193 / 2004 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.The operation ☉ is defined by x☉y = x2 + 2xy – 3y2.Find 3☉2. If x☉3 = – 20, find the
possible values of x . Ans; 3☉2 = 9 , x = 1 or x = – 7 ( 194 / 2003 ရနးကုနး )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.The binary operation ☉ on the set of real numbers is defined by x☉y = x2 + 3xy –
2y2.Find 2☉1. If x☉2 = – 13, find the possible values of x.
Ans; 2☉1 = 8 , x = – 1 or x = – 5 ( 136 / 2007 ပဲခူ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. A binary operation ☉ on R is defined by a ☉b = a2 – 2b. If 4☉( 2☉k ) = 20 ,
find ( k☉5 )☉k. Ans ; ( k☉5 )☉k = – 5 ( 79 / 2010 ကခ္ငး )
Solution
a ☉b = a2 – 2b
2☉k = 4 – 2k

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4☉( 2☉k ) = 20
16 – 2( 4 – 2k ) = 20
– 2 ( 4 – 2k ) = 4
4 – 2k = – 2
– 2k = – 6
k=3
 ( k☉5 )☉k = ( 3☉5 ) ☉3 = ( 9 – 10 ) ☉3 = –1☉3 = 1 – 6 = – 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A binary operation ☉ on R is defined by a☉b = a2 – 2b. If 4☉( 2☉k ) = 20 , find k☉5.
Ans ; k☉5 = – 1 ( 35 / 2012 မေကျ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. The operation ☉is defined by x☉y = x2 + 2y2. Find 3☉2. If y☉ 𝟓 = 1☉3 , find the
value of y. Ans ; 3☉2 = 17 , y = ± 3 ( 148 / 2007 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
Solution
x☉y = x2 + 2y2
3☉2 = 9 + 8 = 17
y☉ 𝟓 = 1☉3
y2 + 2( 5 ) = 1 + 18
y2 = 19 – 10 = 9
y=3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A binary operation ☉ on the set of real number is defined by x☉y = x2 + 2y2.
Solve a☉2 𝟐 = 3☉4. Ans ; a = ± 5 ( 140 / 2007 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that a☉b = a2 + b2.Solve the equation x☉2 𝟔 = 3☉4. Ans ; x = ± 1
( 132 / 2007 မေကျ့ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.An operation ☉ is defined by a☉b = a2 + b2. Find 2☉3. If b☉ 𝟓 = 1☉3 ,find the value of
b. Ans ; 2☉3 = 13 , y = ± 𝟓 ( 148 / 2007 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32. Let ☉be the binary operation on R defined by a☉b = a2 + b2 for all a,b ∈ R . Show that
( a☉b )☉a = a☉( b☉a ).Solve also the equation 4☉ ( x☉2 ) = 185.
Ans ; x = ± 3 ( 125 / 2008 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ ) ( 6 / 2014 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. A binary operation ☉on the set R of real numbers is defined by x☉y = xy + x + y. Show
that ( x☉y )☉z = x☉( y☉z ) and calculate ( 2☉1 ) ☉3.
Ans ; ( 2☉1 ) ☉3 = 23 ( 50 / 2011 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34. The operation on the set N of natural numbers is defined by x ☉y = x y . Find the value
of a such that 2☉a = ( 2☉3 ) ☉4 . Find also b such that 2☉( 3☉b ) = 512.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Ans ; a = 12 , b = 2 ( 121 / 2008 ပဲခူ့ ) ( 12 / 2014 ဧရာွတီ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cayley’s Table ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
35.An operation☉is defined on the set { 1,5,7,11 }, where a☉b is the remainder when the
product of a and b is divided by 12. Copy and complete the table below.
( 95 / 2009 ဧရာွတီ )
☉ 1 5 7 11
1 1 5 7 11
5 5 7
7 7 1
11 11 5
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36. Let A = { 0,1,2,3,4 } .The binary operation  on the set A is defined by x  y = the
5 5
remainder when x + 2y is divided by 5. Make a Cayley’s Table. ( 118 / 2008 မႏၱေလ့ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. An operation☉is defined by s☉t = s ( s + 2t ) on the set { – 1,0,1 }. Copy and complete
the table below. Given that s☉t = 3, find the possible values of s and t.
( 200 / 2003 ဧရာွတီ )
☉ –1 0 1
–1 1
0 0
1 –1 3
Ans ; s = – 1 and t = – 1 or s = 1 and t = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
်ဖညးံစျကးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
a. A binary operation  : A x A  A on the set of A = { 0,1,2,3,4 } is defined as 5 - hour clock

arithmetic operation. Construct a Cayley’s table.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. A binary operation  : A x A  A on the set of A = { 1,2,3,4 } is defined as arithmetic
modulo 3. Construct a Cayley’s table.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. Construct a Cayley’s table for the binary operation  : A x A  A on the set of
4
A = { 1,2,3,4 }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that f : x  ax + b and f 3 : x  27x + 26 . Find the value of a and b. ( b ) an
expression for f 4 .( Hence - f 2 = ( f.f ), f 3= ( f.f 2 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 2 )
the remainder &
factor theorem

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 2 )
Remainder Theorem & Factor Theorem
Remainder Theorem ဆိုတာဘာလဲ?

သေဘာတရာ့ပိုငး့ဆိုငးရာ ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကး
ကိနး့ဂဏနး့မ္ာ့စာ့်ခငး့ကို သခၤ္ာပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပ်ခငး့
ဥပမာ။ ။ 20 ကို 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့လ္ြငး အၾကျငး့မညးမ္ြရမညးနညး့။ အေ်ဇမြာ ရြငး့ရြငး့ေလ့ပါ။ သုဵ့ေ်ခာကးလီ ဆယးံရြစး ။

ႏြစးဆယးထဲက ဆယးံရြစးႏႈတး ႏြစးၾကျငး့ ။ ဤသညးကို သခၤ္ာပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေရ့လ္ြငး
20 – ( 3 x 6 ) = 2
အရြညးစာ့နညး့ ( Lond division method ) ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
6 ( စာ့ကိနး့ / Quotient )
3 20 ( တညးကိနး့ / Dividend )
( စာ့ကိနး့ / Divisor ) 18 ( = 3 x 6 ) ( စာ့ကိနး့ x စာ့လဒး )
2 ( အၾကျငး့ / Remainder )
18 ႏြငးံ 2 အာ့ ်ပနးေပါငး့လ္ြငး 20 ်ပနးရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
20 = 18 + 2
20 = (3x6)+2
တညးကိနး့ = ( စာ့ကိနး့ x စာ့လဒး ) + အၾကျငး့
တညးကိနး့ = ( စာ့ကိနး့ x စာ့လဒး ) + အၾကျငး့
Dividend = ( Divisor x Quotient ) + Remainder
ဆိုသညးံ အႏြစးခ္ဳပး ပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာမညး်ဖစးပါသညး။ ဆကး်ပီ့ အထကးပါ ကိနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ေနရာမြာ Polynomial

ကိနး့တနး့မ္ာ့ အစာ့ထို့ေလံလာၾကညးံရေအာငး။
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ဥပမာ။
2
။ f ( x ) = x – 7x + 10 ကို ( x – 3 ) ်ဖငးံ စာ့လ္ြငး အၾကျငး့ မညးမ္ြရမညးနညး့။
( အရြညးစာ့နညး့်ဖငးံ စာ့်ခငး့မြ Remainder Theorem ၏ ပုဵစဵထုတးယူမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ long division
method ်ဖငးံ အရငးစာ့ၾကညးံၾကပါစို႔ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
x –4
x–3 x2 – 7x + 10
x2 – 3x
– 4x + 10
– 4x + 12
– 2
( ဤေနရာတျငး တစးခုသိထာ့ရမညးံအခ္ကးမြာ အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ x ထပးညႊနး့ 2 ထပးဆိုလ္ြငး long division စာ့်ခငး့တျငး
ႏြစးဆငးံဆငး့ေပ့ရပါမညး ။ 10 ထပးဆိုလ္ြငး ဆယးထပးစာ့်ပီ့ဆငး့ရမညး်ဖစးသညး။ Long Division စာ့နညး့၏
ဤအာ့နညး့ခ္ကးေၾကာငးံပငး Remainder Theorem ကို Develop လုပးယူခဲံၾက်ခငး့ ်ဖစးမညးထငးပါသညး။ )
အထကးပါဥပမာတျငး
x2 – 7x + 10 = တညးကိနး့ ( Dividend ) = f ( x )
x–3 = စာ့ကိနး့ ( Divisor )
x–4 = စာ့လဒး ( Quotient ) = Q ( x )
–2 = အၾကျငး့ ( Remainder )
ဟု အသီ့သီ့ ေခၚဆို်ပီ့ တညးကိနး့ ( Dividend )၊ စာ့ကိနး့ ( Divisor )၊ စာ့လဒး ( Quotient ) တနးဖို့ေလ့
သုဵခုလုဵ့မြာ ကိးနး့ရြငး x အေပၚတျငး မြီေနေသာ function ေလ့မ္ာ့ခ္ညးံ ်ဖစးေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ
တညးကိနး့ေလ့အာ့ f ( x ) ဟုေရ့သလို စာ့လဒးေလ့အာ့လညး့ Quotient of x / Q( x ) ဟု်ပငးေရ့ပါမညး။၁ငး့
ကို Dividend = ( Divisor x Quotient ) + Remainder ဆိုေသာ ပုဵစဵေလ့တျငး အစာ့သျငး့လ္ြငး
f ( x ) = ( x – 3 ) Q( x ) + ( – 2 )
ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။ အကယး၍ x တနးဖို့ 3 ( x = 3 ) ်ဖစးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အထကးပါ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ေလ့သညး
f ( 3 ) = ( 3 – 3 ) Q( 3 ) + ( – 2 )
f ( 3 ) = 0 x Q( 3 ) – 2 = 0 – 2
f(3)= 0–2
f(3)= –2
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။ ဤပုဵစဵေလ့မြတစးဆငးံ အကယး၍ f ( x ) အာ့ x – 3 ်ဖငးံစာ့သညးံအခါ x – 3 ကို 0
်ဖငးံညီေပ့်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ဥပမာ  x – 3 = 0
x=3
ရလာသညးံ တနးဖို့ေလ့ 3 အာ့ f ( x ) တနးဖို့ေလ့တျငး f ( 3 ) ဟု အစာ့သျငး့တျကးခ္ကးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
လိုအပးေသာ အၾကျငး့တနးဖို့အာ့ ရႏိုငးသညး ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။
Check Point  When f ( x ) = x2 – 7x + 10 is divided by x – 3 , the remainder is f ( 3 )
f ( 3 ) = ( 3 )2 – 7( 3 ) + 10 = 9 – 21 + 10 = 19 – 21 = – 2
အကယး၍ f ( x ) အာ့ x – 3 ်ဖငးံ မဟုတးပဲ x – k ်ဖငးံ စာ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး ၁ငး့၏အၾကျငး့မြာ f ( k ) ်ဖစးလာပါမညး။
Remainder Theorem
When f ( x ) is divided by ( x – k ) , the remainder is f ( k )
Remainder Theorem အတျကး ဤသေဘာတရာ့ေလ့ကို နာ့လညးမညးဆိုလ္ြငး Foctor Theorem အတျကး

သေဘာတရာ့ကို နာ့လညးရနးမခကးေတာံပါ။ တစးခုသာ ထပးသိထာ့ရနးလိုပါမညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ကိနး့တစးခုအာ့၁ငး့၏ဆချဲကိနး့်ဖငးံစာ့လ္ြငအၾကျ
း ငး့တနးဖို့သုည ်ဖစးသညး။
Remainder Theorem အရ f( x ) အာ့ ( x – k ) ်ဖငးံစာ့သညးံအခါ ၁ငး့၏အၾကျငး့တနးဖို့မြာ f( k ) ်ဖစးသညး။
အကယး၍ ( x – k ) သညး f( x ) ၏ ဆချဲကိနး့ ( factor ) တစးခု ်ဖစးသညးအ

ံ ခါ ( x – k ) ်ဖငးံ f( x )အာ့စာ့သညးံ
အခါ အၾကျငး့ 0 ရသညး။
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ( x – k ) သညး f ( x ) ၏ factor တစးခု ်ဖစးေနသညးံအခါ ၁ငး့်ဖငးံ f ( x ) ကိုစာ့လ္ြငး

အၾကျငး့တနးဖို့မြာ f ( k ) = 0 ်ဖစးသညး။
Factor Theorem
When ( x – k ) is a factor of f ( x ), the remainder = f ( k ) = 0
( or )
( x – k ) is a factor of f ( x ). Then, f ( k ) = 0
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Chapter ( 2 )
The Remainder Theorem and The Factor Theorem
Remainder theorem  is divided by ( ၁ငး့စကာ့လုဵ့ေတျ႕ရငး Remainder theorem သုဵ့ )
Factor theorem  is divisible , is exactly divisible , is the factor of , is the root of ….
( ၁ငး့စကာ့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ေတျ႕ရငး Factor theorem သုဵ့ )
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The Remainder Theorem
ဒီဂရီအ်မငးံဆုဵ့ေတျ႕ေအာငးရြာ f ( x ) မြတးပါ
ငယးတဲံကိနး့မြာ “0” ကပး “x” တနးဖို့ေလ့ထျကး
အဲံဒီ “x” တနးဖို့ေလ့ဟာ f ( x ) မြာ သျငး့ရမြာ
ေနာကးဆုဵ့ရတဲံ ရလာဒးေလ့ The remainder လို႔ေရ့။
Polynomial တစးခု၏ ဒီဂရီ = အဆိုပါ Polynomial ရြိ အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ထပးညႊနး့
ဥပမာ - x3 + x2 – 6x  ဒီဂရီ 3 ရြိ Polynomial , x3 + x2 – x7 + x  ဒီဂရီ 7 ရြိ Polynomial
တညးကိနး့ = f ( x )
အခ္ကး်ပစကာ့လုဵ့ the expression / the polynomial / the factor of
စသညးံ စကာ့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ ေနာကးရြိ ကိနး့တနး့
( သို႔ )
is divided by / is dividible by / is exactiy dividible by / leave the remainder of
စကာ့လုဵ့မ္ာ့ေရြ႕ရြိ ကိနး့တနး့

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
စာ့ကိနး့
အခ္ကး်ပစကာ့လုဵ့ is divided by / is dividible by / is exactiy dividible by ေနာကးရြိ ကိနး့တနး့
( သို႔ )
is a factor of , is the root of ေရြ႕ရြိ ကိးနး့တနး့
ဥပမာ -
the polynomial x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 is divide by x – 3 , the remainder is 3
အခ္ကး်ပ အခ္ကး်ပ
တညးကိနး့ = f ( x ) စာ့ကိနး
့
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Remainder Theorem အတျကး ေရ့ရမညးံစာ
ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့
( 1 ) တညးကိနး့တစးခု စာ့ကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - When x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 is divided by ( x – 3 ) , the remainder is 5.
Solution
ေဖား်မဴလာအရ တနးဖို့
let f ( x ) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5
When f ( x ) is divided by ( x – 3 ) , the remainder is f ( 3 ).  ( *** )
f(3)= 5 ေဖား်မဴလာအရ တနးဖို့ = ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့
*** ်ပထာ့ေသာ ေနရာတျငး ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့ကို လုဵ့ွ လုဵ့ွ လုဵ့ွ မေရ့ရပါ။

တညးကိနး့တစးခု စာ့ကိနး့တစးခအ
ု တျကး ေရ့ရမညးံစာ
When f ( x ) is* divided by ( x – a ) , the remainder is* f ( a ).  ( ေဖား်မဴလာအရ တနးဖို့ )

f ( a ) = ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့
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( 2 ) တညးကိနး့တစးခု စာ့ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ- When x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 is divided by ( x – 3 )and ( x – 2 ) , the remainders are 5 and 7.

Solution
ေဖား်မဴလာအရ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့
let f ( x ) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5
When f ( x ) is divided by ( x – 3 ) and ( x – 2 ) , the remainders are f ( 3 ) and f ( 2 ).
f(3)= 5,f(2)=7
တညးကိနး့တစးခု စာ့ကိနး့ႏြစးခအ
When f ( x ) is* divided by ( x – a ) and ( x – b ) ,the remainders* are* f ( a) and* f ( b )

f ( a ) = ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့ , f ( b ) = ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 3 ) တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ- When the polynomials x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 and 3x3 – 3x2 + 5 are divided by ( x – 3 ) ,
the remainders are 2 and 10.
Solution
ေဖား်မဴလာအရ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့
let f ( x ) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 , g ( x ) = 3x3 – 3x2 + 5
When f ( x ) and g( x ) are divided by ( x – 3 ) , the remainders are f ( 3 ) and g ( 3 ).
f ( 3 ) = 2 , g ( 2 ) = 10
တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့တစးခအ
When f ( x ) and* g ( x ) are* divided by ( x – a ) ,

the remainders* are* f ( a) and* g ( a ).
f ( a ) = ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့ , g ( a ) = ေပ့ခ္ကးအရတနးဖို့
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The Factor Theorem
Factor ဆိုရငး ေ်ပာငး့်ပနးပါ - f ( x ) အတျကး “0” ရြာ

ရြာလို႔ရတဲံ ရလာဒးေလ့ - လကၡဏာေ်ပာငး့်ပီ့ x ေနာကးေရ့
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Factor Theorem အတျကး ေရ့ရမညးံစာ
( 1 ) တညးကိနး့တစးခု ဆချဲကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - The expression x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 is exactly divisible by ( x – 3 ).
( or )
The polynomial x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 has a foctor of ( x – 3 ).
Solution
let f ( x ) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5
f ( x ) has a factor of ( x – 3 ) or ( x – 3 ) is a foctor of f ( x )
f(3)= 0
When f ( x ) is exactly divisible by ( x – 3 ) , the remainder is f ( 3 ). f ( 3 ) = 0

ဟု လုဵ့ွ မေရ့ပါနဲ႔။ Factor Theorem ကိုသုဵ့မညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ ွါက္သာေရ့ပါ။
တညးကိနး့တစးခု ဆချဲကိနး့တစးခုအတျကး ေရ့ရမညးံစာ
( x – a ) is* a factor of f ( x ).
f(a)=0
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( 2 ) တညးကိနး့တစးခု ဆချဲကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( သို႔ ) ႏြစးထပးဆချဲကိးနးပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - The polynomial x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 has the foctors of ( x – 3 ) and ( x – 2 )
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
let f ( x ) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5
( x – 3 ) and ( x – 2 ) are the foctors of f ( x )
f(3)= 0,f(2)=0
တညးကိနး့တစးခု ဆချဲကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( သို႔ ) ႏြစးထပးဆချဲကိးနးပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး ေရ့ရမညးံစာ
( x – a ) and* ( x – b ) are* the factors* of f ( x ).

f ( a ) = 0 and f ( b ) = 0
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( 3 ) တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု ဆချဲကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဥပမာ - The polynomial x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 and 2x3 – 5x – 3 have the common foctor ( x – 3 ).
Solution
let f ( x ) = x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 5 , g ( x ) = 2x3 – 5x – 3
( x – 3 ) is the common foctor of f ( x ) and g ( x )
f(3)= 0,g(3)=0
တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု ဆချဲကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး ေရ့ရမညးံစာ
( x – a ) is* the factor of f ( x) and* g ( x ).

f(a)=0,g(a)=0
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Note
( 1 ) f ( x ) တနးဖို့တျငး
(i) ထပးညႊနး့အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ 3 ရြိပါက Factor Theorem သုဵ့်ပီ့ factor တစးကျငး့ အရငးရြာ long division
နညး့်ဖငးံက္နးႏြစးကျငး့ရြာ f ( x ) အာ့ သုဵ့ကျငး့ချဲေပ့ရမညး။
( ii ) ထပးညႊနး့အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ 4 ရြိပါက Factor Theorem သုဵ့်ပီ့ factor ႏြစးကျငး့အရငးရြာ အဆိပ

ု ါ ႏြစးကျငး့
အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေ်မြာကး်ပီ့ long division နညး့်ဖငးံ က္နးႏြစးကျငး့ ရြာ f ( x ) အာ့ ေလ့ကျငး့ချဲေပ့ရမညး။
( 2 ) ပုစာၦတျငး
(i) Factorize f ( x ) completely ေမ့ပါက f ( x ) = ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c ) အထိရြာ
( ii ) Find the factors of f ( x ) ေမ့ပါက f ( x ) = ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c ) အထိရြာ်ပီ့

The factors are ( x – a ) , ( x – b ) and ( x – c ) ဟု ဆကးေရ့ေပ့။
( iii ) Solve f ( x ) = 0 / Find the roots of f ( x ) / Solve ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ = 0 ေမ့ပါက

f ( x ) = ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c ) အထိရြာ်ပီ့
The factors are ( x – a ) , ( x – b ) and ( x – c ) အစာ့
f(x)=0
(x –a)(x –b)(x – c)=0
x – a = 0 ( or ) x – b = 0 ( or ) x – c = 0
x = a ( or ) x = b ( or ) x = c အထိ ဆကးရြာေပ့ရမညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 3 ) f ( x ) တနးဖို့သညး ( x – a ),( x – b ) ႏြငးံ ( x – c ) သုဵ့ကျငး့ရပါက ၁ငး့သုဵ့ကျငး့သညး f ( x ) ၏ factor
မ္ာ့်ဖစးသညး။
If f ( x ) = ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c )
( x – a ),( x – b ) and ( x – c ) are the factors of f ( x ) ( သို႔ )
The factors of f ( x ) are ( x – a ),( x – b ) and ( x – c ) ( သို႔ )
The factors are ( x – a ),( x – b ) and ( x – c ) ၾကိဳကးသလို ေရ့ႏိုငးသညး။
( 4 ) ( a ) f ( x ) ကို 0 ႏြငးံ ညီေပ့်ပီ့ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့သုဵ့ခု a,b ,c သုဵ့ခုသညး f ( x ) ၏ root မ္ာ့ ်ဖစးသညး။

If f ( x ) = 0 and ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c ) = 0 , then x = a or x = b or x = c
a , b and c are the roots of f ( x ) = 0. ( သို႔ )
The roots of f ( x ) = 0 are a , b and c. ( သို႔ )
The three roots are a , b and c. ၾကိဳကးသလို ေရ့ႏိုငးသညး။
( b ) အ်ပနးအလြနးအာ့်ဖငးံ ပုစာၦတျငး root သုဵ့ခု ေပ့လာပါက factor သုဵ့ခုအ်ဖစး ်ပငးေရ့တတးရမညး။

ဥပမာ - – 1 , 2 and 4 are the roots of f ( x ) ဟုေပ့လာလ္ြငး
( x + 1 ),( x – 2 ) and ( x – 4 ) are the factors of f ( x )
 f ( x ) = ( x + 1 )( x – 2 )( x – 4 )
ဟု်ပငးေရ့တတးရမညး။
**မြာ့တတးေသာ အမြာ့မ္ာ့**
(1) f ( x ) = ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c ) အစာ့
f ( x ) = ( x – a ) , ( x – b ) , ( x – c ) ဟု မြာ့တတးသညး။
(2) The factors are ( x – a ) , ( x – b ) and ( x – c ). ဟု ေရ့ရမညးံအစာ့

The factors are ( x – a ) ( x – b ) ( x – c ) ဟု မြာ့တတးသညး။
(3) The factors are အစာ့ The factorize are ဟု မြာ့တတးသညး။
(4) f ( x ) leave the remainder of 13 when divided by ( x – 2 ) ဟုေပ့ထာ့ေသာပုစာၦတျငး

When f ( x ) is divided by ( x – 2 ) , the remainder is f ( 2 ) ဟု ေရ့ရမညးံအစာ့
When f ( x ) is divided by ( x – 2 ) , the remainder is 13 ဟု မြာ့တတးသညး။
(5) f ( x ) is divisible by x – 2 ဟုေပ့ထာ့ေသာပုစာၦတျငး

x – 2 is a factor of f ( x ) .  f ( 2 ) = 0 ဟု ေရ့ရမညးံအစာ့
When f ( x ) is divisible by ( x – 2 ) , the remainder , f ( 2 ) = 0 ဟု မြာ့တတးသညး။
( ဤသို႔ေရ့လ္ြငး သေဘာ့တရာ့အရ ရေသားလညး့ factor theorem သုဵ့မညး်ဖစး်ပီ့
factor theorem သုဵ့မညးမဟုတးသ်ဖငးံ တတးႏိုငးသမ္ြ remainder စကာ့လုဵ့မသုဵ့ေစခ္ငးပါ၊ )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ပုစာၦပုဵစဵ ( 3 ) မ္ဳိ့
( 1 ) Remainder သီ့သနး႔ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

( 2 ) Factor သီ့သနး႔ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( 3 ) Remainder / Factor ေရာရာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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Exercise ( 2.1 )
(1)
( a ) Find the remainder when x8 + 2x – 5 divided by ( x – 1 ). [ Example ( 1 ) – Text ]
( b ) Find the remainder when x7 + 3x2 – 5 divided by ( x + 1 ). [ Example ( 2 ) – Text ]
3 2
( c ) Find the remainder when 2x + x – 5x + 3 divided by ( 2x + 1 ). [ Example ( 4 ) – Text ]
( d ) Find the remainder when x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 9 divided by ( x – 2 ). [ Exercise 2.1 – No 2 ]
( e ) Find the remainder when 9x2 + 6x – 10 divided by ( 3x + 1 ). [ Exercise 2.1 – No 5 ]
( f ) Find the remainder when 3x3 + 5x2– 11x + 8 divided by ( 3x–1 ). [ Exercise 2.1 – No 6 ]
( g ) Find the remainder when 3( x – 4 )2 – ( 1 – x )3 divided by x. [ Exercise 2.1 – No 8 ]
( h ) Find the remainder when ( 2x – 1 )3 – 6( 3 + 4x )2 – 10 divided by ( 2x + 1 ). [ No 9 ]
( i ) Find the remainder when ( x – 2 )3 + ( k + x )3 + 12 divided by x.
( j ) Find the remainder when 3x3 + 3k( x – 1 )2 – 2x + 2( k – 5 ) divided by x.
( k ) Find the remainder when 3( x – 1 )3 + ( p + x – 1 )2 – 2px + p divided by ( x – 1 ).
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Exerxise & Old Questions
( 1 ) Remainder သီ့သနး႔ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ပုဵစ ဵ ( 1 ) တညးကိန း့တစးခစာ့ကိ
ု န း့တစးခပု
ု စ ာၦမ ္ာ့
( i ) တညးကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( 5 marks )
( ဤပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့ 5 marks Question တျငး မေမ့ဘူ့ေသ့ပါ။ )
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( i ) တညးကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exerxise
Example 3. When the expression x3 – 3x2 + kx + 7 is divided by x + 3 , the remainder is 1.
Find the value of k.
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Old Questions ( 3 marks )
1. When the expression 7x21 – 5x15 + ax6 is divided by x + 1 , the remainder is 2. Find the
value of a. Hence find the remainder when the expression is divided by x – 1.
( 2014 မေကျ့၊စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 3 ) Ans; a = 4 , The remainder = 6
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 7x21 – 5x15 + ax6
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 1 , the remainder is f ( – 1 ).
f(–1)=2
7( – 1 )21 – 5( – 1 )15 + a( – 1 )6 = 2
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
–7+5+a=2
–2+a=2
a=4
f ( x ) = 7x21 – 5x15 + 4x6
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 1 , the remainder is f ( 1 ).
f(1)=7–5+4=6
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1.Find the value of k if 4x7 + 5x3 – 2kx2 + 7k – 4 has the remainder of 12 when divided by
x + 1. Ans; k = 5( 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ - No 3 )
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2.Given that 4x3– 6x2+ ax + 3 leaves a remainder of 7 when divided by 2x – 1. evaluate a.
Ans; a = 10 ( 2007 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - No 72 )
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3.When the polynomial x3 + 4x2 + kx + 5 is divided by x + 2 , the remainder is 1.Find the
value of k. Ans; k = 6 ( 2008 ရြမး၊ကယာ့ / No 60 )
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4.When the expression 2kx2– k2x – 14 is divided by x – 3 , the remainder is 10. Calculate
the value of k. Ans; k = 2 or 4 ( 2013 ကခ္ငး - No 9 / 2008 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ - No 58 )
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5.When the expression kx3 –3x2 – k2x – 12 is divided by x – 3 , the remainder is 21.Find
the possible value of k. Ans; k = 4 or 5 ( 2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ - No 45 )
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6.When the expression x4– k2x3– 7x2+ 34x – 10k is divided by x + 2 ,the remainder is –68.
𝟑
Calculate the value of k. Ans; k = 2 or – ( 2010 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 40 )
𝟒
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7.When the expression x4 – 3x2 + kx + k2 is divided by x – 2, the remainder is 12. Find the
possible values of k. Ans; k = – 4 or 2 ( 2009 ရခိုငး / No 49 )
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8.When the expression 2kx4 – 5k2x3 + 23x2 + 5x – 6 is divided by x + 2, the remainder is
𝟏𝟒
300. Calculate the value of k. Ans; k = – or 2 ( 2010 ပဲခူ့ / No 35 )
𝟓
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9.When the expression 2kx3– 3kx2+ 2x+3 is divided by 2x – 1, the remainder is 3.
Calculate the value of k. Ans; k = 2 ( 2008 မေကျ့ / No 55 )
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10.When the polynomial k2x4 – kx2 – 4 , k > 0 is divided by x + 1 , the remainder is 16.
Find the value of k and the remainder when this polynomial is divided by x + 2.
Ans; k = 5 , The remainder = 1976 ( 2013 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 10 )
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11.When the polynomial k2x2 + k , k < 0 is divided by x + 1 , the remainder is 12. Find the
value of k. Find also the remainder when this polynomial is divided by x – 1.
Ans; k = – 4 , The remainder = 12 ( 2013 ရခိုငး / No 38 )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
12.When f ( x )= ( x – 2 )2 ( x – 1 ) – kx + 6 is divided by x + 3 , the remainder is 28. Find the

value of k. Find also the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 3.
Ans; k = 6 , The remainder = 18 ( 2010 မေကျ့ / No 33 )
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13.When f ( x )= ( x + 2 ) ( x – 1 )3 – kx + 5 is divided by x + 1 , the remainder is 11. Find the
value of k, and the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 3.
Ans; k = 14 , The remainder = 3 ( 2008 ကခ္ငး / No 59 )
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14.When ( x + k )4 + ( 2x + 1 )2 is divided by x + 2 ,the remainder is 10 , find the value of k.
Ans; k = 3 or 1 ( 2010 ကခ္ငး / No 39 )
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2.When ( 2x – 1 )( 4x + p )( x + 1 ) is divided by 2x – 3, the remainder is 5. Find p.
Solution ( 2011 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ - No 29 )
Let f ( x ) = ( 2x – 1 )( 4x + p )( x + 1 )
𝟑
When f ( x ) is divided by 2x – 3 , the remainder is f ( ).
𝟐
𝟑
f( )=5
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
( 2( ) – 1 )( 4( ) + p )( +1)=5
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟓
( 3 – 1 )( 6 + p )( ) = 5
𝟐
𝟓
( 2 )( 6 + p )( ) = 5
𝟐
( 6 + p )( 5 ) = 5
6+p=1
p=–5
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3. ( i ) When ( x + k )2014 + ( 2x + 1 )3 is divided by x + 2 , the remainder is 10. Find the
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
value of k. ( 2014 ပဲခူ့ - No 4 ) Ans; k = 2 ± 𝟑𝟕
( ဤပုစာၦသညး အမြနးတကယးေမ့ခ္ငးသညးံပုဵစဵအာ့ ေအာကးတျငး ေမ့်ပထာ့ပါသညး။ )
( ii ) When ( x + k )2014 + ( 2x + 1 )2 is divided by x – 1 , the remainder is 10. Find the

value of k ≠ 0. Ans; k = – 2
Solution
for ( i )
Let f ( x ) = ( x + k )2014 + ( 2x + 1 )3
f ( – 2 ) = 10
( – 2 + k )2014 + ( 2 ( – 2 ) + 1 )3 = 10
( – 2 + k )2014 + ( – 3 )3 = 10
( – 2 + k )2014 – 27 = 10
( – 2 + k )2014 = 37
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
–2+k=± 𝟑𝟕
𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟒
k=2± 𝟑𝟕
for ( ii )
Let f ( x ) = ( x + k )2014 + ( 2x + 1 )2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 1 , the remainder is f ( 1 ).
f ( – 2 ) = 10
( 1 + k )2014 + ( 2 ( 1 ) + 1 )2 = 10
( 1 + k )2014 + ( 3 )2 = 10
( 1 + k )2014 + 9 = 10
( 1 + k )2014 = 1
1+k=±1
k=1± 1
k = 1 + 1 = 2 or k = 1 – 1 = 0 ( reject because of k ≠ 0 )
k=2
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( ii ) အၾကျငး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦ( 3 marks )
4. When the expression 2x3 + x2 + kx + 6 is divided by x + 2 , the remainder is k + 33. Find
the value of k. Ans; k = – 13 ( 2006 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 82 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 2x3 + x2 + kx + 6
f ( – 2 ) = k + 33
2( – 2 )3 + ( – 2 )2 + k( – 2 ) + 6 = k + 33
– 16 + 4 – 2k + 6 = k + 33
− 6 – 2k = k + 33
− 3k = 39 and k = − 13
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1. When x3 + 2x2 + kx + 1 is divided by x – 2 , the remainder is 3k. Find the value of k.
Ans; k = 17 ( 2005 ရနးကုနး - No 84 )
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2. When x3 + 3x2 – kx + 4 is divided by x – 2 , the remainder is k. Find the value of k.
Ans; k = 8 ( 2012 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 13 )
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ထပးညႊနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦ ( 3 marks )
5. If n is a positive integer, find the remainder when 5x2n+1+ 10x2n – 3x2n–1 + 5 isdivided
by x + 1. Ans; The remainder = 13 ( 2007 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 65 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 5x2n+1+ 10x2n – 3x2n–1 + 5
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 1 , the remainder = f ( – 1 ).
= 5( – 1 )2n+1+ 10( – 1 )2n – 3( – 1 )2n–1 + 5
= – 5 + 10 + 3 + 5
= 13
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စုဵကိနး့အတျကးေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ = 2n , 2n  2 , 2n  4, ……. အႏႈတးကို စုဵထပးတငးရငး အေပါငး့်ဖစး
မကိနး့အတျကးေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ = 2n  1 , 2n  3 , ……. အႏႈတးကို မ‟ထပးတငးရငး အႏႈတး်ပနးယူ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
6. The remainder when x2n – 7xn + 5 is divided by x – 2 is 13 , find the value of n.

( or ) Ans; n = 3 ( 2012 ကခ္ငး / No 19 )
Find the value of n for which the division of x2n – 7xn + 5 by x – 2 given a remainder of 13.
Solution ( 2008 ဧရာွတီ၊ရခိုငး / No 57 )
Let f ( x ) = x2n – 7xn + 5
When f ( x ) is divided by x − 2 , the remainder is f ( 2 ).
f ( 2 ) = 13
22n – 7( 2 )n + 5 = 13
( 2n )2 – 7( 2n ) + 5 = 13
let 2n = a , then
a2 – 7a + 5 = 13
a2 – 7a – 8 = 0
( a – 8 )( a + 1 ) = 0
a = 8 ( or ) a = − 1
2n = 8 ( or ) 2n = − 1 ( impossible )
2n = 23
n=3
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1.Find the value of n for which the division of x2n – 7xn + 5 by x – 2 given a remainder
of 13. Ans; n = 2 ( 2006 ကခ္ငး / No 81 )
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( iii ) စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့( 5 marks )
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Exercise 2.1
11. The expression 6x2 + 2x – 3 leaves a remainder of 3 when divided by x – p. Find the
value of p.
ပုဵစဵတူ ေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့ပုစာၦ
1.The expression 2x2 + 5x – 3 leaves a remainder of 3 when divided by x – p. Find the value
𝟏
of p. Ans; p = 0 or ( 2005 ရခိုငး / No 91 )
𝟑
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7.The expression 2x2 + 5x – 3 leaves a remainder of 2p2 – 3p when divided by 2x – p. Find
𝟐
the value of p. Ans; p = 3 or ( 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 11 )
𝟑
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 2x2 + 5x – 3
𝒑
When f ( x ) is divided by 2x − p , the remainder is f ( ).
𝟐
𝟑𝒑 2
f( ) = 2p – 3p
𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒑 𝒑
2( )2 + 5( ) – 3 = 2p2 – 3p
𝟐 𝟐
𝒑𝟐 𝟓𝒑
+ – 3 = 2p2 – 3p
𝟐 𝟐
2
p2 + 5p – 6 = 4p – 6p
3p2 − 11p + 6 = 0
( p − 3 )( 3p − 2 ) = 0
𝟐
p = 3 ( or ) p =
𝟑
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( iv ) တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( ဤပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့ 5 marks Question မေမ့ဘူ့ေသ့ပါ။ )
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8.Given that f ( x ) = x3 + kx2 – 2x + 1 and that when f ( x ) is divided x – k , the remainder is
−𝟏± 𝟑
k. Find the possible values of k. ( 2006 ရနးကုနး / No 73 ) Ans; k = 1 or
𝟐
Solution
f ( x ) = x3 + kx2 – 2x + 1
When f ( x ) is divided x – k , the remainder is f ( k )
f(k)=k
k3 + k3 – 2k + 1 = k
2k3 – 3k + 1 = 0
let g ( k ) = 2k3 – 3k + 1
g ( 1 ) = 2 – 3 + 1 = 0 and ( k – 1 ) is a factor of g ( k )
2k2 + 2k − 1
k–1
2k3+ 0k2– 3k + 1
2k3 – 2k2
2k2– 3k
2k2−2k
−k+1
−k+1
0
( k – 1 ) ( 2k2 + 2k – 1 ) = 0
k = 1 ( or ) 2k2 + 2k – 1 = 0
−𝟏± 𝟑
k = 1 ( or ) k =
𝟐
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ပုဵစဵ ( 2 ) တညးကိနး့တစးခု စာ့ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exercise 2.1
10. The polynomial x3 + ax2 + bx – 3 leaves a remainder of 27 when divided by x – 2 and a
remainder of 3 when divided by x + 1. Calculate the remainder when the polynomial is
divided by x – 1.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Ans; a=6 ,b = – 1 ,The remainder = 3 ( 09 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 49 )( 06 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 77 )
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17.The expression ax3 – x2 + bx – 1 leaves the remainders of – 33 and 77 when divided by
x + 2 and x – 3 respectively. Find the values of a and b and the remainder when divided by
x – 2. ( 13 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့/No 4 )( 11 ပဲခူ့၊ကခ္ငး/No 27 )( 04 ပဲခူ့/No 95 )
Ans; a = 3,b = 2 , remainder = 23
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Type ( 1 )
9. The expression ax3 – 6ax + b leaves the remainders of 1 and 2 when divided by x – 1 and
x – 2 respectively. Find the values a and b and find the remainder when the expression is
divided by x + 4. Ans; a = 1 , b = 6 , the remainder = – 34 ( 2014 ကခ္ငး / No 9 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ax3 – 6ax + b
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 1 and x – 2 ,
the remainders are f ( 1 ) and f ( 2 ).
By given,
f(1)=1 ,f(2)=2
f(1)=1
a – 6a + b = 1
– 5a + b = 1  ( 1 )
f(2)=2
a( 2 )3 – 6a( 2 ) + b = 1
8a – 12a + b = 2
– 4a + b = 2  ( 2 )
( – ) – 5a + b = 1  ( 1 )
a = 1 in eq ( 1 )
– 5a + b = 1
– 5( 1 ) + b = 1
b =6
 f ( x ) = x3 – 6x + 6
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 4 ,
the remainder = f ( – 4 )
= (– 4 )3 – 6(– 4 ) + 6
= – 64 + 24 + 6
= – 64 + 30
The remainder = – 34
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1`.The expression ax3 + x2 + bx has the remainder 3 when it is divided by x + 1 . When the
expression is divided by x– 2 the remainder is 6. Find the remainder when the expression
divided by x – 3. Ans; a = 1 , b = – 3 , The remainder = 27 ( 2007 မေကျ့ / No 66 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The expression x2 + ax + b leaves a remainder 3 when it is divided by x – 1 and leaves a
remainder 1 when it is divided by x – 3. Find the value of a.
( ဤပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့မြာ 3 marks Question အတျကးသာ တနးပါသညး။ ) Ans; a = – 5( 2004 ကခ္ငး / No 96 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Type ( 2 )
10. The remainder when 2x3 + kx2 + 7 is divided by x – 2, is half the remainder when the
same expression is divided by 2x – 1. Find the value of k. Ans; k = – 5 ( ဤပုစာၦအာ့
သုဵ့မြတးတနးအ်ဖစးလညး့ ေမ့ဖူ့ပါသညး။ )( 2007 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 67 )( 2002 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 118)
ေပ့ခ္ကး  The remainder when 2x3 + kx2 + 7 is divided by x – 2, is half the remainder
when the same expression is divided by 2x – 1.
ေမ့ခ္က  Find the value of k.
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 2x3 + kx2 + 7
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 2 and 2x – 1,
𝟏
the remainders are f ( 2 ) and f ( ).
𝟐
By given,
𝟏 𝟏
f(2)= f( )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
2f(2)=f( )
𝟐
𝟏 3 𝟏
2 ( 2( 2 )3 + k( 2 )2 + 7 ) = 2 ( ) +k( )2+7
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
2 ( 2( 8 ) + k( 4 ) + 7 ) = 2 ( )+k( )+7
𝟖 𝟒
𝟏 𝒌
2 ( 16 + 4k + 7 ) = + +7
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝒌
32 + 8k + 14 = + +7
𝟒 𝟒
128 + 32k + 56 = 1 + k + 28 ( ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့ 4 ်ဖငးံေ်မြာကးပါ )
184 + 32k = k + 29
31k = 29 – 184
31k = – 155
k=–5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The remainder when ax3 + bx2 + 2x + 3 is divided by x – 1, is twice that when it is
divided by x + 1, show that b = 3a + 3. ( 2002 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 111 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  The remainder when ax3 + bx2 + 2x + 3 is divided by x – 1 is twice when it is
divided by x + 1
ေမ့ခ္ကး  show that b = 3a + 3.
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ax3 + bx2 + 2x + 3
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 1 and x + 1,
the remainders are f ( 1 ) and f ( – 1).
By given,
f(1)= 2f(–1)
a( 1 )3 + b( 1 )2 + 2 ( 1 ) + 3 = 2 [ a( – 1 )3 + b (– 1) 2 + 2 (– 1 ) + 3 ]
a+b+2+3=2(–a+b–2+3)
a+b+5=2(–a+b+1)
a + b + 5 = – 2a + 2b + 2
a + 2a + 5 – 2 = 2b – b
3a + 3 = b and b = 3a + 3

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
12. The expression x3 + ax2 + b has the same remainder of when divided by x + 1 and x – 2.
Given that the remainder of when the expression is divided by x – 4 is 10, find the values a
and b. ( 2002 ရနးကုနး / No 110 ) Ans; a = – 3 , b = – 6
ေပ့ခ္ကး  ( 1 ) x3 + ax2 + b has the same remainder of when divided by x + 1 and x – 2
( 2 ) the remainder when the expression is divided by x – 4 is 10
ေမ့ခ္ကး  the values a and b
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + ax2 + b
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 2 and x + 1,
the remainders are f ( 2 ) and f (– 1).
By given,
f ( 2 ) = f (– 1)
( 2 )3 + a ( 2 )2 + b = (–1)3 + a (–1) 2 + b ( တနးဖို့တူ b ႏြစးလုဵ့ေခ္ )
8 + 4a = – 1 + a
3a = – 9
a = – 3 f ( x ) = x3 – 3x2 + b
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 4 ,
the remainder = f ( 4 )
 f ( 4 ) = 10
( 4 )3 – 3( 4 )2 + b = 10
64 – 48 + b = 10
16 + b = 10
b=–6
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Type ( 3 )
13. The remainder when f( x ) = ax2+ bx + c is divided by x – 1 ,x + 1 , x – 2 are 1 , 25 , 1
respectively. Show that f ( x ) is a perfect square. ( 12 ကခ္ငး / No 20 )( 03 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 100 )
Solution
f ( x ) = ax2 + bx + c
When is divided by x – 1 , x + 1 and x – 2 , the remainders are f ( 1 ) , f ( –1 ) and f ( 2 ).
By given,
f ( 1 ) = 1 , f ( –1 ) = 25 , f ( 2 ) = 1
f(1)=1
a(1)2+b(1)+c=1
a+b+c=1 (1)
f ( –1 ) = 25
a (–1 ) 2 + b (–1 ) + c = 25
a – b + c = 25 (2)
(+) a+b+c = 1 (1)
2a + 2c = 26
a + c = 13 (3)
a+b+c= 1 (1)
(– ) a + c = 13 (3)
b = – 12
f(2)=1
a(2)2+b(2)+c=1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4a + 2b + c = 1
If b = 12,
4a – 24 + c = 1
4a + c = 25
(–) a + c = 13 (3)
3a = 12
a = 4 in Eq ( 3 )
a+c = 13
4+c = 13
c = 9
If a = 4 , b = – 12 , c = 9
f ( x ) = 4x2 – 12x + 9 = ( 2x – 3 )2
 f ( x ) is a perfect square.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 2.1
13.Given that the expression x3 – ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by
x + 1 or by x – 2, find b in term of a. Ans; b = a – 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14.Given that the expression 2x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided
by x – 2 or by x + 1 , prove that a + b = – 6. ( 2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 1 ) ( 2009 မေကျ့ / No 44 )
( or )
Given that the expression 2x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by
x –2 or x – 1.Find the relation between a and b. Ans; 3a = –b–14( 06 ပဲခူ့ 03 မႏ ၱေလ့ /No 77 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that the expression x3 + px2 + qx + r leaves the same remainder when divided by
x + 1 or by x – 1. Find p in term of q. Ans; p = q + 3( 15 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 2 )( 09 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 52 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that the expression x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by
x – 1 or by x + 2, find a in term of b. Ans; a = b + 3 ( 14 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / 08 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 54 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Given that the expression x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by
x – 2 or by x + 1 , find the relation between a and b. ( 2006 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 74 ) Ans; a = – b – 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.Given that the expression 3x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by
x + 1 or x – 2 show that a + b + 9 = 0. ( 2009 ဧရာွတီ / No 47 ) ( 2007 ကခ္ငး / No 70 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 2.1
15. The remainder when ax3 + bx2 + 2x + 3 is divided by x – 1 is twice the remainder when
it is divided by x + 1. Show that b = 3a + 3.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
15. The remainder when ax3 + bx2 + 2x + 3 is divided by x – 1 is twice the remainder when
it is divided by x + 1. Find the relation between a and b. Ans; 3a = b – 3 ( 12 ရခိုငး / No 18 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ax3 + bx2 + 2x + 3
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 1 and x + 1 , the remainders are f ( 1 ) and f ( – 1 ).
f ( 1 ) = 2 f ( – 1 ).
3 2
a + b + 2 + 3 = 2 [ a( – 1 ) + b( – 1 ) + 2( – 1 ) + 3 ]
a+b+5=2[–a+b–2+3]
a+b+5=2[–a+b+1]
a + b + 5 = – 2a + 2b + 2
3a = b – 3
𝒃−𝟑
a=
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.The remainder when ax3 – bx2 + 3x – 2 is divided by x – 2 is twice that when it is divided
by x + 1. Find the relation between a and b. Ans; 5a = b – 7 ( 2007 ဧရာွတီ / No 67 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The remainder when px3 + qx2 + 2x + 1 is divided by x + 1 is twice when it is divided by
x – 1. Find the relation between p and q.
Ans; 3p = – q – 7 ( 2009 ရနးကုနး / No 42 ) ( 2005 မေကျ့ / No 87 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. The remainder when 2x3 + kx2 + 7 is divided by x – 2 is half the remainder when the
same expression is divided by 2x – 1. Find the value of k.
Ans; k = – 5 ( 11 ကခ္ငး No 28 )( 07 မေကျ့/No 64 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16.** The sum of the remainders when x3 + (k + 8)x + k is divided by x – 2 and x + 1 is 0.
Find the value of k. Ans; k = – 5 ( 2012 မေကျ့ / No 14 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + (k + 8)x + k
By given ,
f(2)+f(–1)=0
23 + 2( k + 8 ) + k + ( – 1 )3 + (k + 8) ( – 1 ) + k = 0
8 + 2k + 16 + k – 1 – k – 8 + k = 0
3k + 15 = 0
k=–5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ii ) စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
17.Given that the polynomial x2 – 10x + 14 leaves the same remainder when divided by
x + 2b or x + 2c where 3b – 2c = 0 and b ≠ c. Find the value of b and c. ( 2014 ပဲခူ့ / No 5 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2 – 10x + 14
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2b or x + 2c ,
the remainders are f (– 2b ) and f (– 2c ).
By given,
f (– 2b ) = f (– 2c )
(–2b )2 – 10(–2b ) + 14 = (–2c )2 – 10(–2c ) + 14
4b2 + 20b = 4c2 + 20c
4b2 – 4c2 = 20c – 20b
b2 – c2 = 5c – 5b
( b + c )( b – c ) = 5( c – b ) = – 5 ( b – c )
( b + c )( b – c ) = – 5 ( b – c )
1 1
 (1) ( b ≠ c and b – c ≠ 0 )
Eq ( 1 ) x 2 2b + 2c = – 10
(+) 3b – 2c = 0 ( given )
5b = – 10
b = –2 in Eq ( 1 )
b+c=–5
–2 + c = – 5
c=–5+2=–3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that the expression x2 – 10x + 14 leaves the same remainder when divided by x +
2b or x + 2c,where b – c = 1. Find the value of b and c.
Ans; b = – 2 , c = – 3 ( 2010 ကခ္ငး / No 40 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18.The expression x2 – 10x + 4 has the same remainder when divided by x – 2p or x + q
where 2p ≠ – q. Find the value of 2p – q. Ans; 2p – q = 2 ( 2007 ရနးကုနး / No 64 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. Given that the expression x2 – 10x + 14 leaves the same remainder when divided by
x + 2b or x + 2c, where b ≠ c , show that b + c + 5 = 0. ( 2003 ဧရာွတီ / No 105 ).
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2 – 10x + 14
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2b or x + 2c , the remainders are f (– 2b ) and f (– 2c ).
By given,
f (– 2b ) = f (– 2c )
(–2b )2 – 10(–2b ) + 14 = (–2c )2 – 10(–2c ) + 14
4b2 + 20b = 4c2 + 20c
4b2 – 4c2 = 20c – 20b
b2 – c2 = 5c – 5b
( b + c )( b – c ) = 5( c – b ) = – 5 ( b – c )
( b + c )( b – c )1 = – 5 ( b – c )1  ( 1 ) ( b ≠ c and b – c ≠ 0 )
b+c=–5
b+c+5=0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
20.The expression x2 – 5x + 7 leaves the same remainder when divided by x – b or x – c
where b ≠ c, show that b + c = 5. ( 2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / N0 30 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iii ) တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exercise 2.1
14. Given that the remainder when f ( x ) = x3 – x2 + ax is divided by x + a where a > 0 , is
twice the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 2a , find the value of a.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. Given that the remainder when f ( x ) = x3 – x2 + ax is divided by x + a where a > 0 , is
twice the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 2a , find the value of a. Find also the
𝟐 𝟒
remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 2. Ans; a = , the remainder = 4
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
( 2010 ရနးကုနး / No 33 ) ( 2005 ပဲခူ့ / No 88 - 3 marks ေမ့ချနး့တျငး a ရြာသညးအထိ ေမ့ )
Solution
f ( x ) = x3 – x2 + ax ( ပုစာၦတျငး ေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့သာ့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ let မထာ့ေတာံပါ။ )
When f ( x ) is divided by x + a and x – 2a , the remainders are f ( – a ) and f ( 2a ).
By given,
f ( – a ) = 2f ( 2a )
(– a )3 – (– a )2 + a(– a ) = 2 [ ( 2a )3 – ( 2a )2 + a( 2a ) ]
– a3 – a2 – a2 = 2 [ 8a3 – 4a2 + 2a2 ]
– a3 – 2a2 = 2 [ 8a3 – 2a2 ]
– a3 – 2a2 = 16a3 – 4a2
0 = 16a3 + a3 – 4a2 + 2a2
17a3 – 2a2 = 0
a2 ( 17a – 2 ) = 0
a2 = 0 ( or ) 17a – 2 = 0
a = 0 ( or ) 17a = 2
𝟐
a = 0 ( or ) a =
𝟏𝟕
a>0
𝟐
a=
𝟏𝟕
𝟐
f ( x ) = x3 – x2 + x
𝟏𝟕
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
When f( x ) is divided by x – 2 ,the remainder = f ( 2 ) = ( 2 )3– ( 2 )2 + =8–4+ =4
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနး ်ဖညးံစျကးပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a )Given that the remainder when f ( x ) = x3 + ax2– 12ax is divided by x – 3a where a > 0 ,
is three times the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x + a , find the value of a. Find also
the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 2a. Ans; a = 2 , the remainder = 0
Solution
f ( x ) = x3 + ax2 – 12ax
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 3a and x + a , the remainders are f ( 3a ) and f (−a)
By given,
f ( 3a ) = 3 f (−a)
( 3a )3 + a( 3a )2 – 12a( 3a ) = 3 [ (−a)3 + a (−a)2 – 12a(−a) ]
27a3 + 9a3 – 36a2 = 3 ( −a3 + a3 + 12a2 )
36a3 – 36a2 =36a2
36a3 – 72a2 = 0
a3 – 2a2 = 0
a2 ( a – 2 ) = 0
a2 = 0 ( or ) a = 2
But a > 0 , a = 2
2a = 2 x 2 = 4 and x – 2a = x – 4
f ( x ) = x3 + 2x2 – 24x
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 4 , the remainder = f ( 4 )
= 43 + 2( 4 )2 – 24( 4 ) = 64 + 32 – 96 = 0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b )Given that the remainder when f ( x ) = 2x3 – ax2 + 22a2 is divided by x + 2a , is two
times the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – a , find the value of a and the remainder
when f ( x ) is divided by x – 2.
Solution Ans; a = 0 , the remainder = 16 ( or ) a = – 1 , the remainder = 42.
3 2 2
f ( x ) = 2x – ax + 22a
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2a and x – a , the remainders are f ( – 2a ) and f ( a )
f ( – 2a ) = 2 f ( a )
2( – 2a )3 – a( – 2a )2 + 22a2 = 2 [ 2( a )3 – a( a )2 + 22a2 ]
– 16a3 – 4a3 + 22a2 = 2 [ 2a3 – a3 + 22a2 ]
– 20a3 + 22a2 = 2 [ a3 + 22a2 ]
– 20a3 + 22a2 = 2a3 + 44a2
22a3 + 22a2 = 0
a3 + a 2 = 0
a2 ( a + 1 ) = 0
a2 = 0 ( or ) a = − 1
a = 0 ( or ) a = − 1
if a = 0 , f ( x ) = 2x3
When f ( x ) is divided by x − 2 , the remainder = f ( 2 ) = 2( 2 )3 = 16
if a = − 1 , f ( x ) = 2x3 + x2 + 22
When f ( x ) is divided by x − 2 ,the remainder = f( 2 ) = 2(2)3 + (2)2 + 22 = 16 + 4 + 22 = 42
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22.The remainder when b( b – c )( b + c ) is divided by b – 2c is 6. Find the value of c.
Solution Ans; c = 1 ( 2005 ဧရာွတီ / No 89 )
Let f ( b ) = b( b – c )( b + c )
When f ( b ) is divided by b – 2c , the remainder is f ( 2c )
f ( 2c ) = 6
2c ( 2c – c )( 2c + c ) = 6

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
c ( 2c )( 3c ) = 1 x 2 x 3
c=1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23.The expression x2 + bx + a has the same remainder when divided by x – b or x – a. Find
the value of a in term of b. Ans; a = b or a = – 2b ( 2013 ပဲခူ့ / No 5 )( 2007 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 63 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2 + bx + a
When f ( x ) is divided by x – b ( or ) x − a , the remainders are f ( b ) and f ( a ).
By given,
f(b)=f(a)
( b ) 2 + b( b ) + a = ( a )2 + b( a ) + a
2b2 = a2 + ab
a2 + ab − 2b2 = 0
( a – b )( a + 2b ) = 0
a = b ( or ) a = − 2b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24.The expression x2 + bx + a leaves the remainder when divided by x + 2 and x – a where
a ≠ – 2 Find the relation between a and b.
Solution Ans; a = 2 – b ( 2011 မေကျ့ ( No 24 ) / 2007 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ ( No 68 )
Let f ( x ) = x2 + bx + a
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2 and x – a , the remainders are f ( – 2 ) and f ( a )
By given,
f(–2)=f(a)
( – 2 )2 + b( – 2 ) + a = a2 + ab + a
4 – 2b = a2 + ab
a2 + ab + 2b – 4 = 0
a2 – 4 + b( a + 2 ) = 0
( a – 2 )( a + 2 ) + b( a + 2 ) = 0
(a+2)(a–2+b)=0
a ≠ − 2 and a + 2 ≠ 0
a–2+b=0
a=2–b
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုဵစဵ ( 3 ) တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
25. When the expressions ax3 + 5x2 + bx + 4 and bx3 + 9x2 + ax – 6 are divided by x + 3 , the
remainders are – 14 and – 12. Find the value of a and b. ( 2004 ရနးကုနး / No 93 )
Solution Ans; a = 2 , b = 3
3 2
Let f ( x ) = ax + 5x + bx + 4
g ( x ) = bx3 + 9x2 + ax – 6
When f ( x ) and g ( x ) are divided by x + 3 , the remainders are f (– 3 ) and g ( – 3 )
By given,
f (– 3 ) = – 14 , g ( – 3 ) = – 12
f (– 3 ) = – 14

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3
a(– 3 ) + 5(– 3 )2 + b(– 3 ) + 4 = – 14
– 27a + 45 – 3b + 4 = – 14
– 27a – 3b = – 14 – 49
– 27a – 3b = – 63
9a + b = 21  ( 1 )
g ( – 3 ) = – 12
b(– 3 )3 + 9(– 3 )2 + a(– 3 ) – 6 = – 12

– 27b + 81 – 3a – 6 = – 12
– 27b + 75 – 3a = – 12
– 27b – 3a = – 12 – 75
– 27b – 3a = – 87
a + 9b = 29
Eq ( 1 ) x 9 81a + 9b = 189
– 80a = – 160
a = 2 in Eq ( 1 )
9a + b = 21
9 ( 2 ) + b = 21
b = 3
Ans; a = 2 , b = 3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. The expressions x3 – ax + a2 and ax3 + x2 – 17 have the same remainder when divided
by x – 2. Find the possible values of a and the remainder.
( 2003 မေကျ့ / No 101 )( 2007 ရခိုငး / No 69 တျငး 3 marks တနးအ်ဖစး a တနးဖို့အထိ ေမ့ )
Solution Ans; a = 3 or a = 7 , The remainder = 11 or 43
3
Let f ( x ) = x – ax + a 2
g ( x ) = ax3 + x2 – 17
When f ( x ) and g ( x ) are divided by x – 2 , the remainders are f ( 2 ) and g ( 2 )
By given,
f(2)=g(2)
( 2 )3 – a( 2 ) + a2 = a( 2 )3 + ( 2 )2 – 17
8 – 2a + a2 = 8a + 4 – 17 = 8a – 13
a2 – 2a – 8a + 8 + 13 = 0
a2 – 10a + 21 = 0
( a – 3 )( a – 7 ) = 0
a – 3 = 0 or a – 7 = 0
a = 3 or a = 7
if a = 3,
g ( x ) = 3x3 + x2 – 17
The remainder = f ( 2 ) = g ( 2 ) = 3 ( 2 )3 + ( 2 )2 – 17 = 3 ( 8 ) + 4 – 17 = 28 – 17 = 11
if a = 7,
g ( x ) = 7x3 + x2 – 17
The remainder = f ( 2 ) = g ( 2 ) = 7 ( 2 )3 + ( 2 )2 – 17 = 7 ( 8 ) + 4 – 17 = 60 – 17 = 43
Ans; a = 3 or a = 7 , The remainder = 11 or 43
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Exercise 2.1
12.The expressions x3 – 7x + 6 and x3– x2 – 4x + 24 have the same remainders when
divided by x + p. Find the possible values of p.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. The expression x3 – x2 – 4x + 24 and x3 – 7x + 6 have the same remainder when divided
by x + k. Find the possible values of k. ( 2010 ရခိုငး / No 39 ) Ans; k = – 6 or k = 3
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 – x2 – 4x + 24
g ( x ) = x3 – 7x + 6
When f ( x ) and g ( x ) divided by x + k , the remainders are f (– k ) and g (– k ).
By given ,
f (– k ) = g (– k )
(– k )3 – (– k ) 2 – 4(– k ) + 24 = (– k )3 – 7(– k ) + 6
– k3 – k2 + 4k + 24 = – k3 + 7k + 6  ( ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့ရြိ – k3 အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေခ္ပါ။ )
0 = k2 + 7k – 4k + 6 – 24
k2 + 3k – 18 = 0
( k + 6 )( k – 3 ) = 0
k + 6 = 0 ( or ) k – 3 = 0
k = – 6 ( or ) k = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. Given that x3 – 2x2 – 3x – 11 and x3 – x2 – 9 have the same remainder when divided
by x + a , determine the values of a and the corresponding remainders.
Ans; a = 1 , the remainder = – 11 or a = 2 , the remainder = – 21 ( 2006 ဧရာွတီ/ No 79 )
Solution ( 2016 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ ( No 4 ) တျငး a တနးဖို့ရြာသညးအထိ 3 မြတးတနးေမ့ပါသညး။ )
Let f ( x ) = x3 – 2x2 – 3x – 11
g ( x ) = x3 – x2 – 9
When f ( x ) and g ( x ) divided by x + a , the remainders are f (– a ) and g (– a ).
By given ,
f (– a ) = g (– a )
(– a )3 – 2(– a )2 – 3(– a ) – 11 = (– a )3 – (– a )2 – 9
– a3 – 2a2 + 3a – 11 = – a3 – a2 – 9  ( ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့ရြိ – a3 အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေခ္ပါ။ )
0 =2a2 – 3a + 11 – a2 – 9
a2 – 3a + 2 = 0
( a – 1 )( a – 2 ) = 0
a – 1 = 0 ( or ) a – 2 = 0
a = 1 ( or ) a = 2
When a = 1 ,
the remainder = g (– a ) = g (– 1 ) = (– 1 )3 – (– 1 )2 – 9 = – 1 – 1 – 9 = – 11
When a = 2 ,
the remainder = g (– a ) = g (– 2 ) = (– 2 )3 – (– 2 )2 – 9 = – 8 – 4 – 9 = – 23
Ans; a = 1 and the remainder = – 11 or a = 2 and the remainder = – 21
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
29.Given that x3 – 2x2 – 3x – 11 and x3 – x2 – 9 have the same remainder when divided by
x + a, determine the value of a. Ans; a = 1 or a = 2 ( 2013 ရခိုငး / No 8 )
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( iii ) တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( 3 marks )
30.Given that when x2 + ax + b and x2 + hx + k are divided by x + p , their remainders are

𝒌−𝒃
equal.Express p in term of a,b,h and k.( 2013 မေကျ့ / No 3 ) Ans; p = ,h≠a
𝒉−𝒂
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2 + ax + b
When f ( x ) is divided by x + p , the remainder = f ( – p ) = ( – p )2 + a( – p ) + b
= p2 − ap + b
Let g ( x ) = x2 + hx + k
When g ( x ) is divided by x + p , the remainder = g ( – p ) = ( – p )2 + h( – p ) + k
= p2 − hp + k
By given,
f(–p)=g(–p)
p2 − ap + b = p2 − hp + k
− ap + b = − hp + k
hp – ap = k – b
𝒌−𝒃
p= , where h ≠ a
𝒉−𝒂
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. x3 – ax + a2 and x3 + x2 – 16 have the same remainder when divided by x – a. Find a.
( 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 15 )
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ပုဵစဵ ( 4 ) တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i ) တညးကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့( 3 marks )
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31.The remainder when x3 – 6x + p is divided by x – 3 is twice the remainder when
x2 – 4x + p is divided by x + 5. Find p. Ans; p = – 81 ( 2014 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 – 6x + p
When f ( x ) is divided by x − 3 , the remainder = f ( 3 ) = 33 – 6( 3 ) + p = 27 – 18 + p = 9 + p
Let g ( x ) = x2 – 4x + p
When g ( x ) is divided by x + 5 , the remainder = g (−5 ) = (−5 )2 – 4(−5 ) + p
= 25 + 20 + p = 45 + p
By given,

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f( 3 ) = 2 g(−5 )
9 + p = 2 ( 45 + p )
9 + p = 90 + 2p
p = − 81
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32.The remainder when 2x3 – 5x2 + 3x + k is divided by x + 1 is equal to the remainder
when 2x3 + kx2 + 1 is divided by 2x – 1 , find the value of k. Ans; k = 15 ( 13 ရနးကုနး / No 1 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 2x3 – 5x2 + 3x + k and g ( x ) = 2x3 + kx2 + 1
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 1 , the remainder = f ( – 1 ) = 2( – 1 )3 – 5( – 1 )2 + 3( – 1 ) + k
= − 2 – 5 – 3 + k = − 10 + k
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
When g ( x ) is divided by 2x − 1 , the remainder = g ( ) = 2( )3 + k( )2 + 1
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
= 2 ( ) + k( ) + 1
𝟖 𝟒
𝟏 𝒌
= + +1
𝟒 𝟒
By given,
𝟏 𝒌
− 10 + k = + +1
𝟒 𝟒
− 40 + 4k = 1+k+4
3k = 45
k = 15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.The remainder when 5x3 – 2x2 + 6x + k is divided by x – 2 is equal to the remainder
when 2x3 – kx2 + 12 is divided by x – 1 , find the value of k. ( 06 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 76 )
Ans; k = – 15
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33.When ax2 + bx – 6 is divided by x + 3 , the remainder is 9. In term of a only , find the
remainder when 2x3 – bx2 + 2ax – 4 is divided by x – 2.
Solution Ans; The remainder = 32 – 8a ( 2013 ဧရာွတီ / No 6 )( 2007 ရနးကုနး / No 62 )
Let f ( x ) = ax2 + bx – 6
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 3 , the remainder = f ( – 3 ) = a( – 3 )2 – 3b – 6
= 9a – 3b – 6
 9a – 3b – 6 = 9
3b = 9a – 15 and b = 3a – 5
Let g ( x ) = 2x3 – bx2 + 2ax – 4 = 2x3 – ( 3a – 5 )x2 + 2ax – 4
When g ( x ) is divided by x − 2 , the remainder = f ( 2 ) = 2x3 – ( 3a – 5 )x2 + 2ax – 4
= 2( 2 )3 – ( 3a – 5 )( 2 )2 + 2a( 2 ) – 4
= 16 – 12a + 20 + 4a – 4 = 32 – 8a
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( ဤပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့ 5 marks Question ေရာ 3 marks Question တျငးပါ မေမ့ဘူ့ေသ့ပါ။ )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Exercise 2.1
16.The remainder when x4 + 3x2 – 2x + 2 is divided by x + a is the square of the remainder
when x2 – 3 is divided by x + a . Find a. ( 14 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 11 )( 06 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 84 )
𝟕
Solution Ans ; a = or a = – 1
𝟗
4 2
Let f ( x ) = x + 3x – 2x + 2
When f ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = f ( – a )
= (– a )4 + 3(– a )2 – 2(– a ) + 2
= a4 + 3a2 + 2a + 2
Let g ( x ) = x2 – 3
When g ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = g ( – a )
= (– a )2 – 3
= a2 – 3
By given ,
a4 + 3a2 + 2a + 2 = ( a2 – 3 )2
a4 + 3a2 + 2a + 2 = a4 – 6a2 + 9 ( ႏြစးဘကးလုဵ့ရြိ a4 အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေခ္ပါ။ )
3a2 + 2a + 2 = – 6a2 + 9
6a2 + 3a2 + 2a – 9 + 2 = 0
9a2 + 2a – 7 = 0
( 9a – 7 )( a + 1 ) = 0
9a – 7 = 0 ( or ) a + 1 = 0
𝟕
a= ( or ) a = – 1
𝟗
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စပးဆကးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) The remainder when 9x4 – 5x2 – 4x – 7 is divided by x – a is the square of the
𝟏𝟏
remainder when 3x2 – 2 is divided by x – a . Find a. Ans ; a = − 1 or a =
𝟕
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 9x4 – 5x2 – 4x – 7
When f ( x ) is divided by x – a , the remainder = f ( a ) = 9a4 – 5a2 – 4a – 7
Let g ( x ) = 3x2 – 2
When g ( x ) is divided by x – a , the remainder = g ( a ) = 3a2 – 2
By given,
9a4 – 5a2 – 4a – 7 = [ 3a2 – 2 ] 2
9a4 – 5a2 – 4a – 7 = 9a4 – 12a2 + 4
7a2 – 4a – 11 = 0
( 7a – 11 )( a + 1 ) = 0
𝟏𝟏
a= ( or ) a = − 1
𝟕
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b )The remainder when 4x4 – 10x2 + 10x + 21 is divided by x + a is the square of the
remainder when 3 – 2x2 is divided by x + a . Find a. Ans ; a = 2 or a = 3

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 4x4 – 10x2 + 10x + 21
When f ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = f (− a ) = 4a4 – 10a2 − 10a + 21
Let g ( x ) = 3 – 2x2
When g ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = g (− a ) = 3 – 2a2
By given,
4a4 – 10a2 − 10a + 21 = [ 3 – 2a2 ] 2
4a4 – 10a2 − 10a + 21 = 9 – 12a2 + 4a4
2a2 – 10a + 12 = 0
( 2a – 6 )( a − 2 ) = 0
a = 3 ( or ) a = 2
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( c ) The remainder when x4 + 4x3 + x2 + 48 is divided by x + 2a is the square of the
remainder when x2 + 2x is divided by x + 2a ,where a >0 .Find a and the remainder when
x2 + 2x is divided by x – a. Ans ; a = 2 , The remainder = 8
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x4 + 4x3 + x2 + 48
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2a ,
the remainder = f (−2a ) = (−2a )4+ 4(−2a )3+ (−2a )2 + 48
= 16a4 − 32a3 + 4a2 + 48
2
Let g ( x ) = x + 2x
When g ( x ) is divided by x + 2a ,
the remainder = g (−2a ) = (−2a )2 + 2(−2a ) = 4a2− 4a
By given,
16a4 − 32a3 + 4a2 + 48 = [ 4a2− 4a ] 2
16a4 − 32a3 + 4a2 + 48 = 16a4 − 32a3 + 16a2
12a2− 48 = 0
a2 − 4 = 0
( a – 2 )( a + 2 ) = 0
a = 2 ( or ) a = − 2
But a > 0
a=2
When g ( x ) is divided by x − a , the remainder = g ( a ) = g ( 2 ) = 2 2 + 2( 2 ) = 8
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34. The remainder when 3x3 – 3x2 – 2ax +5 is divided by x – a is three times the
remainder when 19 + ax – 5x2 – x3 is divided by x + a , find the positive value of a.
Solution Ans; a = 2 ( 08 ကခ္ငး / No 61 )
Let f ( x ) = 3x3 – 3x2 – 2ax +5
when f ( x ) is divided by x – a , the remainder = f ( a )
= 3a3 – 3a2 – 2a2 + 5
= 3a3 – 5a2 + 5
2 3
Let g ( x ) = 19 + ax – 5x – x
when f ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = g (–a )
= 19 + a(– a ) – 5(– a )2 – (– a )3
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
= 19 – a2 – 5a2 + a3
= 19 – 6a2 + a3
By given,
f ( a ) = 3 g (–a )
3a3 – 5a2 + 5 = 3 ( 19 – 6a2 + a3 )
3a3 – 5a2 + 5 = 57 – 18a2 + 3a3
– 5a2 + 5 = 57 – 18a2
18a2 – 5a2 + 5 – 57= 0
13a2 – 52 = 0
a2 – 4 = 0
a2 = 4
a=±2
but a > 0
a=2
Ans; a = 2
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( a ) The remainder when x3 + ( a – 4 )x2 – 3a is divided by x – a is two times the
remainder when x3 + 2x is divided by x + a where a ≠ 0, find the remainder when
x3 + ( a – 4 )x2 – 3a is divided by x – 2a. Ans; a = 2 , the remainder = – 4
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + ( a – 4 )x2 – 3a and g ( x ) = x3 + 2x
When f ( x ) is divided by x − a , the remainder = f ( a ) = a3 + ( a – 4 )a2 – 3a
= a3 + a3 – 4a2 – 3a = 2a3 – 4a2 – 3a
When g ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = f ( − a ) = ( − a ) 3 + 2( − a )
= − a3 – 2a
By given,
2a3 – 4a2 – 3a = 2 ( − a3 – 2a )
2a3 – 4a2 – 3a = − 2a3 – 4a
4a3 – 4a2 + a = 0
a ( 4a2 – 4a + 1 ) = 0
a≠0
 4a2 – 4a + 1 = 0
( 2a – 1 )2 = 0
2a – 1 = 0 and 2a = 1
𝟏
a=
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟕 2 𝟑
f ( x ) = x3 + ( – 4 )x2 – 3( ) = x3 − x –
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟕 𝟑 𝟐−𝟕−𝟑 𝟐−𝟏𝟎
When f ( x ) is divided by x − 1 , the remainder = f ( 1 ) = 1 − – = = = −4
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b )The remainder when ( a – 3 )x3 + ( a – 2 )x2 + ( a – 1 ) x is divided by x – a is half of
the remainder when 2x4 + x3 – 2ax2 – ax is divided by x + a where a ≠ 0, find the possible
values of a. Ans; a = – 2 or a = – 1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ( a – 3 )x3 + ( a – 2 )x2 + ( a – 1 ) x
When f ( x ) is divided by x − a , the remainder = f ( a ) = ( a – 3 )a3 + ( a – 2 )a2 + ( a – 1 )a
= a4 – 3a3 + a3 – 2a2 + a2 – a
= a4 – 2a3– a2 – a
4 3 2
Let g ( x ) = 2x + x – 2ax – ax
When g ( x ) is divided by x + a , the remainder = f ( – a ) = 2a4 − a3 – 2a3 + a2
= 2a4 − 3a3+ a2
By given,
𝟏
a4 – 2a3– a2 – a = 𝟐 [ 2a4 − 3a3+ a2 ]
2a4 – 4a3– 2a2 – 2a = 2a4 − 3a3+ a2
a3– 3a2 + 2a = 0
a ( a2– 3a + 2 ) = 0
a≠0
 a2– 3a + 2 = 0
( a – 1 )( a – 2 ) = 0
a = 1 ( or ) a = 2
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( 2 ) Factor သီ့သနး႔ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Example 1. Determine whether or not x + 1 is a factor of the following polynomials.
( a ) 3x4+ x3 – x2 + 3x + 2 ( b ) x6+ 2x ( x – 1 ) – 4
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35.Determine whether or not x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial f( x ) = 3x4+ x3– x2 + 3x + 2
and g ( x ) = x6 + 2x( x – 1 ) + 2. ( 2011 မႏ ၱေလ့၊မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 23 )
Solution Ans; x + 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , x + 1 is not a factor of g ( x )
f ( x ) = 3x4 + x3 – x2 + 3x + 2 and g ( x ) = x6 + 2x( x – 1 ) + 2
f (− 1 ) = 3 – 1 – 1 – 3 + 2 = 0
g (− 1 ) = (− 1 )6 + 2(− 1 )(− 1 – 1 ) + 2 = 1 + 4 + 2 ≠ 0
x + 1 is a factor of f ( x ) but not g ( x ).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Determine whether or not x + 1 is a factor of 3x4 + x3 – x2 + 3x + 2.
Ans; x + 1 is a factor of f ( x ) ( 2006 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 83 )
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Exercise 2.2
Show by mean of the factor theorem that
1. x – 4 is a factor of 2x4– 9x3 + 5x2 – 3x – 4
2. 2x – 1 is a factor of 2x3 + x2 + 5x – 3
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( 1 ) ဆချဲကိနး့ခဲျခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Example 3. Find the factor of x3 – 3x2 – 4x + 12

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Exercise 2.2
( 3 )Find the factor of 3x3 – 4x2 – 3x + 4
( 4 ) Find the factor of 2x3 – 5x2 + 4x – 1
( 5 ) Find the factor of 2x3 + x2 – 13x + 6
( 7 ) Find the factor of x4 – 9x2 – 4x + 12
( 6 ) Find the factor of x4 – 14x3 + 71x2– 154x + 120 ( 2011 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 29 )

Solution Ans; The factors are ( x – 5 ), ( x – 4 ), ( x – 3 ) and ( x – 2 )
Let f( x ) = x4– 14x3 + 71x2 – 154x + 120.
f ( 1 ) = 1 – 14 + 71 – 154 + 120 ≠ 0
f ( –1 ) = 1 + 14 + 71 + 154 + 120 ≠ 0
f( 2 ) = ( 2 )4 – 14( 2 )3 + 71( 2 )2 – 154( 2 ) + 120 = 16 – 112 + 284 – 308 + 120
= 16 + 120 + 284 – 112– 308 = 420 – 420 = 0
f(–2 ) = (–2 )4 – 14(–2 )3 + 71(–2 )2 – 154(–2 ) + 120 = 16 + 112 + 284 + 308 + 120 ≠ 0
f( 3 ) = ( 3 )4 – 14( 3 )3 + 71( 3 )2 – 154( 3 ) + 120 = 81 – 378 + 639 – 462 + 120
= 81 + 639 + 120 – 378 – 462 = 840 – 840 = 0
x – 2 and x – 3 are factors of f ( x ).
( x – 2 )( x – 3 ) = x2 – 5x + 6
x2 – 5x + 6 is a factor of f ( x )
x2 – 9x + 20
2
x – 5x + 6 x4– 14x3 + 71x2 – 154x + 120.
x4 – 5x3 + 6x2
– 9x3 + 65x2 – 154x
– 9x3 + 45x2 – 54x
20x2 – 100x + 120
20x2 – 100x + 120
0
 f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( x – 3 )( x2 – 9x+ 20 )
= ( x – 2 )( x – 3 )( x – 4 )( x – 5 )  ( factorize the polynomial completely )
 The factors are ( x – 2 ),( x – 3 ),( x – 4 ) and( x – 5 )
Ans; The factors are ( x – 5 ), ( x – 4 ), ( x – 3 ) and ( x – 2 )
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Exercise ( 2.2 )
13. Prove that ( x – 1 ) is a factor of 2x3 – 13x2 + 23x – 12 , and find the other factors.
Hence solve 2x3 – 13x2 + 23x – 12 = 0.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. Show that 3x – 2 is a factor of 6x3 – x2 – 20x + 12, ( i ) factorize the polynomial
completely ( ii ) find the other factors ( iii )Solve the equation 6x3 – x2 – 20x + 12 = 0.
Solution ( 2012 ဧရာွတီ / No 17 ) ( 2007 ကခ္ငး / No 72 )
Let f( x ) = 6x3 – x2 – 20x + 12
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
f ( ) = 6 ( )3 – ( )2 – 20( ) + 12
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟖 𝟒 𝟒𝟎 𝟖 𝟒 𝟒𝟎
=6( )–( )– ( ) + 12 = 2 ( )–( )– ( ) + 12
𝟐𝟕 𝟗 𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟑
𝟏𝟔 𝟒 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟔−𝟒−𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐−𝟏𝟐𝟎 −𝟏𝟎𝟖
= – – + 12 = + 12 = + 12 = + 12
𝟗 𝟗 𝟑 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
= – 12 + 12 = 0
 3x – 2 is a factor of f( x )
2x2 + x – 6
3x – 2 6x3 – x2 – 20x + 12
6x3 – 4x2
2
3x – 20x
2
3x – 2x
– 18x + 12
– 18x + 12
0
( 2x2 + x – 6 )= ( 2x – 3 )( x + 2 ) factorize the polynomial completely

 f ( x ) = ( 3x – 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 2 )
 The other factors are ( 2x – 3 ) and ( x + 2 ). find the other factors.

ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ factor ကိုဖယး်ပီ့
က္နးတာေရ့
6x3 – x2 – 20x + 12 = 0
( 3x – 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 2 ) = 0 solve the equation
3x – 2 = 0 ( or ) 2x – 3 = 0 ( or ) x + 2 = 0 ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ f ( x ) ကို 0 ႏြငးံညီေပ့်ပီ့
3x = 2 ( or ) 2x = 3 ( or ) x = – 2
𝟐 𝟑 x တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ရြာေပ့
x= ( or ) x = ( or ) x = – 2
𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑
Ans; the other factors are 2x – 3 and x+2 , x = or x = or x = – 2
𝟑 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Prove that 2x – 3 is a factor of 2x3 – 13x2+ 23x – 12, and find the other factors. Hence
solve 2x3 – 13x2+ 23x – 12 = 0.
𝟑
Ans; The other factors are x – 1 and x – 4 , x = 1 or x = 4 or x = ( 2005 ရခိုငး / No 90 )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Prove that x + 2 is a factor of 6x3 + 5x2 – 17x – 6. Solve the equation 6x3 + 5x2 – 17x = 6
𝟏 𝟑
Ans; x = – 2 or x = or x = ( 2006 ရခိုငး / No 81 )
𝟑 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Let f ( x ) = x4 – 9x2 – 4x + 12. Prove that x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ). Hence factorixe f ( x )
completely. Ans; f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x – 3 )( x + 2 )2 ( 2005 ရြမး့။ကယာ့ / No 91 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Show that 2x + 1 is a factor of 6x4– 5x3 – 10x2+ 5x + 4 and find the other factors.
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Ans; the other factors are x – 1 , 3x – 4 and x + 1 ( 2011 ဧရာွတီ / No 28 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise 2.1
8. Solve the equations
( a ) x3– 8x2 – 31x – 22 = 0
( b ) 6x3 + x2 – 19x + 6 = 0
( c ) x3 – 6x2 + 11x = 6
( d ) x4– 4x3 – x2 + 16x = 12.
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37. Solve the equation x4– 9x2 = 4x – 12. ( 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 10 )
Solution Ans; x = – 2 or x = 1 or x = 3
x4– 9x2 = 4x – 12
x4– 9x2 – 4x + 12 = 0
Let f( x ) = x4– 9x2 – 4x + 12
f ( 1 ) = 1 – 9 – 4 – 12 = 0
f( –1 ) = ( –1 )4 – 9( –1 )2 – 4( –1 ) + 12 = 1 – 9 + 4 + 12 ≠ 0
f( 2 ) = ( 2 )4 – 9( 2 )2 – 4( 2 ) + 12 = 16 – 36 – 8 + 12 ≠ 0
f( –2 ) = ( –2 )4 – 9( –2 )2 – 4( –2 ) + 12 = 16 – 36 + 8 + 12 = 0
x – 1 and x + 2 are factors of f ( x ).
( x – 1 )( x + 2 ) = x2 + x – 2
x2 + x – 2 is a factor of f ( x )
x2 – x – 6
2
x +x–2 x4 + 0x3 – 9x2 – 4x + 12
x4 + x3 – 2x2
– x3 – 7x2 – 4x
– x3 – x2 + 2x
– 6x2 – 6x + 12
– 6x2 – 6x + 12
0
 f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x + 2 )( x2 – x – 6 )
= ( x – 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 2 )( x – 3 )  ( factorize the polynomial completely )
= ( x – 1 )( x + 2 )2 ( x – 3 )
x4– 9x2 – 4x + 12 = 0
( x – 1 )( x + 2 )2 ( x – 3 ) = 0
x – 1 = 0 ( or ) ( x + 2 )2 = 0 ( or ) x – 3 = 0
x = 1 ( or ) x + 2 = 0 ( or ) x = 3
x = 1 ( or ) x = – 2 ( or ) x = 3
Ans; x = – 2 or x = 1 or x = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Solve x4 + 5x3 + 5x2 – 5x – 6 = 0.
Ans; x = – 3 or x = – 2 or x = – 1 or x = 1( 2013 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 7 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
2. Solve the equation 2x3+ 3x2 = 5x + 6. Ans; x = – 2 or – 1 or 1 ( 2011 ရခိုငး / No 30 )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
3. Solve the equation 2x3 – 13x2 = 12 – 3x. Ans; x = 1 or 4 or 1 ( 2009 ပဲခူ့ / No 47 )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Solve x4 – x3 – 16x2 + 4x + 48 = 0. Ans; x = – 3 or – 2 or 2 or 4 ( 08 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 55 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 𝟏
5.Solve 8x3 – 2x2 – 5x = 1. Ans; x = 1 or – or – ( 08 မေကျ့၊မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 56 )
𝟐 𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Solve the equation x3 + 15 = 17 – x2. Ans; x = – 5 or x = 1 or x = 3( 08 ပဲခူ့ / No 58 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
7. Solve the equation 2x3 + 5x2 = 2 – x. Ans; x = – 2 or x = – 1 or x = ( 02 ပဲခူ့ / No 58 )
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 1 ) ဆချဲကိနး့ခဲျခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
38.Find all real roots of 1 – x + x2 – x3 = 0. ( 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 21 )
Solution
1 – x + x2 – x3 = 0
Let f ( x ) =1 – x + x2 – x3
f(1) =1–1+1–1=0
x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ).
– x2 – 1
x–1 – x3 + x2 – x + 1
– x3 + x2
–x+1
–x+1
0
2 3
1–x+x –x =0
( x – 1 )( – x2 – 1 ) = 0
x – 1 = 0 ( or ) – x2 – 1 = 0
x = 1 ( or ) x2 = – 1 ( impossible )
real roots of x = 1
( ပုစာၦတျငး မညးသညးံနညး့်ဖငးံ တျကးပါဟုမေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ေအာကးပါနညး့အတိုငး့တျကးလညး့ ရပါသညး။ )
1 – x + x2 – x3 = 0
( 1 – x ) + x2 ( 1 – x ) = 0
( 1 – x )( 1 + x2 ) = 0
x – 1 = 0 ( or ) 1 + x2 = 0
x = 1 ( or ) x2 = – 1 ( impossible )
real roots of x = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

( i )တညးကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exercise ( 2.2 )
9. Find the value of p if 4x4 – 12x3 + 13x2 – 8x + p is divisible by ( 2x – 1 ).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
39.x – 3 is a factor of the polynomial x2 – ( 3p + 2 )x + 7p + 1. Find the value of p and the
other factor of the polynomial. Ans; p = 2 , The other factor = x – 5 ( 10 ဧရာွတီ / No 36 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that x + 2 is a factor of ax2 + x – 2a, find a. Hence find the other factor.
Ans; a = 1 , The other factor = x – 1 ( 2007 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 71 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that x – 2 is a factor of ax2 – 3x – a, find a. Hence find the other factor
Ans; a = 2 , The other factor = 2x + 1 ( 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 79 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.Given that 3x2 – 4ax – 4a2 has a factor x + 2 , find the value of a.
Ans; a = – 1 or 3 ( 2009 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 48 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise ( 2.2 )
10. Find what value p must have in order that x + 2 may be a factor of 2x3 + 3x2 + px – 6 .
Find the other factors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40.Find what value of p must have in order that 2x – 3 may be a factor of px3 + 3x2– 5x – 6.
Ans; p = 2 ( 2008 ရနးကုနး၊စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 53 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Find what value of p must have in order that 2x – 1 may be a factor of 2x3 – 7x2 + px + 4.
Ans; p = – 5 ( 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 61 )
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41. If f ( x ) = x6 – 5x4 – 10x2 + k , find the value of k for which x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ).
When k has this value, find another factor of f ( x ) of the form x + a, when a is a constant.
( 2006 ဧရာွတီ / No 78 ) ( 2002 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 97 )
Ans; k = 14 , Another factor is x + 1 of the form of x + a , a = 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.When f ( x ) = px3 + 11x2 + 2px – 5 is divided by x + 2 , the remainder is 15 , find the value
of p When p has this value, find one factor of f ( x ) of the form x + a, when a is a constant.
( 2002 ပဲခူ့ / No 98 ) Ans; p = 2 , x + 1 is a factor of the form of x + a , a = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Exercise ( 2.2 )
20.Given that f ( x ) = x3 + px2 – 2x + 4 𝟑 has a factor x + 𝟐 , find the value of p. Show
that x – 2 𝟑 is also a factor and solve the equation f ( x ) = 0.
ေပ့ခ္ကး  f ( x ) = x3 + px2 – 2x + 4 𝟑 has a factor x + 𝟐
ေမ့ခ္ကး  p = ? , to show x – 2 𝟑 is also a factor , to solve f ( x ) = 0
Solution ( 15 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ /No 2 )( 02 ရြမး၊ကယာ့ /No 117 )
f ( x ) = x3 + px2 – 2x + 4 𝟑
x + 𝟐 is a factor of f ( x ).
f(x)=0
( – 𝟐 )3 + p( – 𝟐 )2 – 2( – 𝟐 ) + 4 𝟑 = 0
– 2 𝟐 + 2p + 2 𝟐 + 4 𝟑 = 0
2p = – 4 𝟑
P=–2 𝟑
f ( x ) = x3 – 2 𝟑 x2 – 2x + 4 𝟑
f( 2 𝟑 ) = ( 2 𝟑 )3 + 2 𝟑 ( 2 𝟑 )2 – 2( 2 𝟑 ) + 4 𝟑
= ( 2 𝟑 )3 + ( 2 𝟑 )3 – 4 𝟑 ) + 4 𝟑 = 0
x – 2 𝟑 is also a factor of f ( x ).
x2 – 2
x–2 𝟑 x3 – 2 𝟑 x2 – 2x + 4 𝟑
x3 – 2 𝟑 x2
– 2x + 4 𝟑
– 2x + 4 𝟑
0
 f ( x ) = ( x – 2 𝟑 )( x2 – 2 ) = ( x – 2 𝟑 ) ( x – 𝟐)(x+ 𝟐)
f(x)=0
(x–2 𝟑)(x– 𝟐)(x+ 𝟐)=0
x – 2 𝟑 = 0 ( or ) x – 𝟐 = 0 ( or ) x + 𝟐 = 0
x = 2 𝟑 ( or ) x = 𝟐 ( or ) x = – 𝟐
Ans; p = – 2 𝟑 , x = 2 𝟑 or x =– 𝟐 or x = 𝟐
ဤပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး အ်ခာ့ factor theorem ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ကဲံသို႔ f ( x ) သုဵ့ထပးရြိ polynomial ်ဖစးေနလ္ြငး

factor ႏြစးခုရြာ အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ေ်မြာကး်ပီ့ အရြညးစာ့နညး့်ဖငးံ က္နး တတိယ factor အာ့ရြာေပ့ရမညးံပုဵစဵ
မဟုတးပဲေပ့ထာ့ေသာ factor ႏြစးခုအနကး f ( x ) တနးဖို့ polynomial ရြိ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့လုဵ့ႏြငးံ တနးဖို့တူ
factor တစးခုတညး့်ဖငးံသာ စာ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။
ဥပမာ - ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ factor ႏြစးခု = x – 𝟑 ႏြငးံ x + 2 𝟐
f ( x ) = x3 + 2 𝟐 x2 – 3x – 6 𝟐  ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့လုဵ့ 6 𝟐
ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့လုဵ့သညး 𝟐 ႏြငးံ ဆုဵ့သ်ဖငးံ x + 2 𝟐 ႏြငးံ စာ့ပါမညး။
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1.Given that f ( x )= x3 + px2– 2x + 4 𝟑 has a factor x – 2 𝟑 ,find the value of p.Show that
x + 𝟐 is also a factor and solve the equation f ( x ) = 0.
( 2018 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 8 )( အထကးပါပုစာၦအာ့ factor ႏြစးခုေနရာ change ထာ့်ခငး့သာ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
Ans; p = – 2 𝟑 , x = 2 𝟑 or x =– 𝟐 or x = 𝟐
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42.Given that f ( x ) = 2x3 + x2 – 24x + q has a factor x + 2 𝟑 , find the value of q. Show
that x – 2 𝟑 is also a factor of f ( x ) and find the other factors. ( 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 22 )
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x3 + x2 – 24x + q
x + 2 𝟑 is a factor of f ( x ).
f (–2 𝟑 ) = 0
2(–2 𝟑 )3 + (–2 𝟑 )2 – 24(–2 𝟑 ) + q = 0
2[ –8( 3 𝟑 )] + 4( 3 ) + 48 𝟑 + q = 0
– 48 𝟑 + 12 + 48 𝟑 + q = 0
q = – 12
 f ( x ) = 2x3 + x2 – 24x – 12
f ( 2 𝟑 ) = 2( 2 𝟑 )3 + ( 2 𝟑 )2 – 24( 2 𝟑 ) – 12
= 2[ 8( 3 𝟑 )] + 4( 3 ) – 48 𝟑 – 12
= 48 𝟑 + 12 – 48 𝟑 – 12= 0
x – 2 𝟑 is also a factor of f ( x )
( x – 2 𝟑 )( x + 2 𝟑 ) = x2 – ( 2 𝟑 ) 2 = x2 – 12
2x + 1
2x3 + x2 – 24x – 12
x2 – 12
2x3 – 24x
2
x – 12
x2 – 12
0
 the other factor = ( 2x + 1 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a )The expression x3 + kx2 – 3x – 6 𝟐 has a factor x – 𝟑 , find the value of k. Show that
x + 2 𝟐 is also a factor of f ( x ) and factorize f ( x ) completely.
Solution Ans; k = 2 𝟐 , f ( x ) = ( x – 𝟑 )( x + 𝟑 )( x + 2 𝟐 )
3 2
Let f ( x ) = x + kx – 3x – 6 𝟐
x – 𝟑 is a factor of f ( x ).
f( 𝟑 )=0
( 𝟑 )3 + k( 𝟑 )2 – 3( 𝟑 ) – 6 𝟐 = 0
3 𝟑 + 3k – 3( 𝟑 ) – 6 𝟐 = 0
3k = 6 𝟐
k=2 𝟐
 f ( x ) = x3 + 2 𝟐 x2 – 3x – 6 𝟐
f ( − 2 𝟐 ) = ( − 2 𝟐 )3 + 2 𝟐 ( − 2 𝟐 )2 – 3( − 2 𝟐 )x – 6 𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
= − ( 2 𝟐 )3 + ( 2 𝟐 )3 + 6 𝟐 – 6 𝟐 = 0
x + 2 𝟐 is also a factor of f ( x )
x3 − 3
x+2 𝟐 3 2
x + 2 𝟐 x – 3x – 6 𝟐
3
x + 2 𝟐 x2
– 3x – 6 𝟐
– 3x – 6 𝟐
0
 f ( x ) = x3 + kx2 – 3x – 6 𝟐 = ( x + 2 𝟐 )( x3 − 3 ) = ( x + 2 𝟐 ) ( x – 𝟑 )( x + 𝟑 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) If f ( x ) = x3 – 2x2 – ( a – 1 )x + 4 has a factor x – 𝟐 , find the value of a and solve the
equation f ( x ) = 0. Ans; a = 3 , x = – 𝟐 or x = 𝟐 or x = 2
Solution
f ( x ) = x3 – 2x2 – ( a – 1 )x + 4
x – 𝟐 is a factor of f ( x ).
f( 𝟐 )=0
( 𝟐 )3 − 2( 𝟐 )2 – ( a – 1 )( 𝟐 ) + 4 = 0
2 𝟐 +4 – 𝟐a+ 𝟐+4 =0
𝟐a =3 𝟐
a=3
 f ( x ) = x3 – 2x2 – ( 3 – 1 )x + 4 = x3 – 2x2 – 2x + 4
f(2)=8–8–4+4=0 2nd method
( x – 2 ) is a factor of f ( x ) f ( x ) = x3 – 2x2 – 2x + 4
f(x)=0
x2 − 2 x3 – 2x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
x–2 x3 – 2x2 – 2x + 4 x2( x – 2 ) – 2( x – 2 ) = 0
x3 − 2x2 ( x – 2 )( x2– 2 ) = 0
– 2x + 4 ( x – 2 )( x – 𝟐 )( x + 𝟐 ) = 0
– 2x + 4 x = – 𝟐 or x = 𝟐 or x = 2
0
f(x)=0
x3 – 2x2 – 2x + 4 = 0
( x – 2 )( x2 – 2 ) = 0
( x – 2 )( x – 𝟐 )( x + 𝟐 ) = 0
x = 2 ( or ) x = 𝟐 ( or ) x = − 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise ( 2.2 )
19. Show that the expression f ( x ) = x3 + ( k – 2 )x2 + ( k – 7 )x – 4 has a factor x + 1 for all
values of k. If f ( x ) also has a factor of x + 2 , find the value of k and the third factor.
Ans; k = 3 , the third factor = x – 2 ( 2002 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 112 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1.Show that the expression f ( x ) = x3 + ( k – 2 )x2 + ( k – 7 )x – 4 has a factor x + 1, for all
values of k. If f ( x ) also has a factor of x – 2 , find the value of k and hence solve f ( x ) = 0.
Ans; k = 3 , x = – 2 or x = – 1 or x = 2 ( 2008 ဧရာွတီ / No 59 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Show that the expression 3x3 + ( k – 6 )x2 + ( k – 5 )x + 4 has a factor x + 1 for all values
of k. If the expression also has a factor of x – 2 , find k and the third factor.
Ans; k = 1 , the third factor = 3x – 2 ( 2010 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 34 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
43. Show that the expression x3 + ( k + 1 )x2 + ( k – 6 )x – 6 has a factor ( x + 1 ) for all
values of k. If the expression also has a factor of x + 3 , find k and the third factor.
( 2013 ရနးကုနး / No 1 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  the expression x3 + ( k + 1 )x2 + ( k – 6 )x – 6 , the expression has a factor of x + 3
ေမ့ခ္ကး  Show that x3 + ( k + 1 )x2 + ( k – 6 )x – 6 has a factor ( x + 1 ) for all values of k.
k = ? , the third factor.
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + ( k + 1 )x2 + ( k – 6 )x – 6
f (– 1 ) = (– 1 )3 + ( k + 1 ) (– 1 )2 + ( k – 6 ) (– 1 ) – 6
=–1+k+1–k+6–6
=k–k =0
x + 1 is a factor of f( x ) for all values of k.
x + 3 is a factor of f( x ).
f (– 3 ) = 0
(– 3 )3 + ( k + 1 ) (– 3 )2 + ( k – 6 ) (– 3 ) – 6 = 0
– 27 + 9k + 9 – 3k + 18 – 6 = 0
6k – 6 = 0
6k = 6
k=1
 f ( x ) = x3 + ( 1 + 1 )x2 + ( 1 – 6 )x – 6 = x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6
( x + 1 )( x + 3 ) = x2 + 4x + 3
x2 + 4x + 3 is a factor of f( x ).
x–2
x2 + 4x + 3 x3 + 2x2 – 5x – 6
x3 + 4x2 + 3x
– 2x3 – 8x2 – 6
– 2x3 – 8x2 – 6
0
The third factor = x – 2
Ans; k = 1 , the third factor = x – 2
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44. If x + 2 is a factor of the expression f ( x ) = ax3 + x2 – 19x + 6 . Find the value of a and
𝟏 𝟑
then solve the equation f ( x ) = 0. Ans; a = 6 , x = –2 or x = or x = ( 2012 ရခိုငး / No 19 )
𝟑 𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1.Let f ( x ) = x4 + px2 – 4x + 12 where p is a constant. If x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ), find the
value of p. With this value of p, prove that f ( x ) has a factor x – 3.Hence factorize f ( x )
completely. Ans; p = – 9 , f ( x ) = ( x – 3 )( x – 1 )( x + 2 )2 ( 2008 ရခိုငး / No 60 )
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( ii )ထပးညႊနး့ေရာ တညးကိနး့ပါမသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
45. The expression x2n – k has x + 3 as a factor and leaves a remainder of – 80 when
divided by x + 1. Calculate the values of n and k where both are integers. With these
values n and k , factorise x2n – k completely. ( 2014 ဧရာွတီ / No 6 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  x2n– k has x + 3 as a factor and leaves a remainder of – 80 when divided by x + 1
n and k are integers
ေမ့ခ္ကး  n = ? , k = ? , factorise x2n – k completely
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2n – k
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 1, the remainder = f ( – 1 )
f ( – 1 ) = – 80
( – 1 )2n – k = – 80
1 – k = – 80
k = 81
 f ( x ) = x2n – 81
x + 3 is a factor of f ( x ).
f(–3 )=0
( – 3 )2n – 81 = 0
( (– 3) 2 )n – 81 = 0
9n = 81 = 92
n=2
 f ( x ) = x4 – 81 = ( x2 )2 – 92 = ( x2 + 9 ) ( x2 – 9 ) = ( x2 + 9 )( x + 3 )( x – 3 )
Ans; n = 2 , k = 81 , f ( x ) = ( x – 3 )( x + 3 )( x2 + 9 )
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46. Given that f ( x ) = x2n – ( p + 1 ) x2 + p , where n and p are positive integers. Show that
x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of p. When p = 4, find the value of n for which x – 2 is
a factor of f ( x ) and factorize f ( x ) completely. ( 2014 ရနးကုနး / No 1 ) ( 2013 ရခိုငး / No 8 )
( 2014 ဧရာွတီ ( No 5 ) တျငး n တနးဖို့ရြာသညးအထိ 3 marks Question ေမ့သျာ့သညး။ )
Ans; n = 2 , f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x + 1 )( x – 2 )( x + 2 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  f ( x ) = x – ( p + 1 ) x2 + p , n and p are positive integers.
2n
ေမ့ခ္ကး  x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of p. When p = 4, find the value of n for
which x – 2 is
a factor of f ( x ) and factorize f ( x ) completely
Solution
f ( x ) = x2n – ( p + 1 ) x2 + p
f ( 1 ) = 12n – ( p + 1 ) 12 + p = 1 – p – 1 + p = – p + p = 0
 x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of p.
When p = 4,

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( x ) = x2n – ( 4 + 1 ) x2 + 4 = x2n – 5x2 + 4

x – 2 is a factor of f ( x )
f(2)=0
22n – 5( 2 )2 + 4 = 0
4n – 20 + 4 = 0
4n – 16 = 0
4n = 16 = 42
n=2
f ( x ) = x4 – 5x2 + 4
x – 1 and x – 2 are factors of f ( x )
( x – 1 )( x – 2 ) = x2 – 3x + 2
x2 – 3x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ).
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ polynomial ေလ့ထပး ႏြစးထပး ကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ နညး့ ႏြစးနညး့်ဖငးံချဲႏိုငးပါသညး။ ၾကိဳကးရာ
နညး့်ဖငးံ ချဲပါ။
( ပထမနညး့ )
f ( x ) = x4 – 5x2 + 4 = ( x2 – 1 )( x2 – 4 ) =( x – 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x – 2 )( x + 2 )
( ဒုတိယနညး့ )
x2 + 3x + 2
2
x – 3x + 2 x4 + 0x3 – 5x2 – 0x + 4
x4 – 3x3 + 2x2
3x3 – 7x2 – 0x
3x3 – 9x2 + 6x
2x2 – 6x + 4
2x2 – 6x + 4
0
 f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x – 2 ) ( x2 + 3x + 2 )
f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x – 2 )( x + 1 )( x + 2 )
Ans; n = 2 , f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x + 1 )( x – 2 )( x + 2 )
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( a )Given that f ( x ) = 2q( x2n + 1) – ( 4q – 3 )x2 – 3 , where n and p are positive integers.
Show that x + 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of q and if q = 2 find the value of n for
which 2x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ) and factorize f ( x ) completely.
Solution
f ( x ) = 2q( x2n + 1) – ( 4q – 3 )x2 – 3
f (− 1) = 2q( (− 1)2n + 1) – ( 4q – 3 ) (− 1)2 – 3
= 2q( 1 + 1) – ( 4q – 3 )(1) – 3
= 4q – 4q + 3 – 3
= 4q – 4q = 0
x + 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of q
If q = 2 , f ( x ) = 4( x2n + 1) – ( 8 – 3 )x2 – 3 = 4x2n + 4 – 5x2 – 3 = 4x2n – 5x2 + 1
2x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ).

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
f( )=0
𝟐
𝟏 2n 𝟏
4( ) – 5( )2 + 1 = 0
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
4( ) – 5( ) + 1 = 0
𝟐𝟐𝒏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟓
4( )– +1=0
𝟒𝒏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
4( )– =0
𝟒𝒏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
4( )=
𝟒𝒏 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
=
𝟒𝒏 𝟒𝟐
n=2
If n = 2
f ( x ) = 4x4 – 5x2 + 1 = ( 4x2− 1 )( x2− 1 ) = ( 2x – 1 )( 2x + 1 )( x – 1 )( x + 1 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) Given that f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )2n–1 – kx2 + ( k + p )x – p ,where n , k and p are positive
integers. Show that x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of k and p , and when k = 3 and
p = 5 , find the value of n for which x – 3 is a factor of f ( x ) and factorize f ( x ) completely.
Solution
f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )2n–1 – kx2 + ( k + p )x – p
f ( 1 ) = ( 1 – 1 )2n–1 – k( 1 )2 + ( k + p )( 1 ) – p = ( 0 )2n–1 – k + k + p – p
=–k+k+p–p=0
x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ) , for all values of k and p.
when k = 3 and p = 5 ,
f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )2n–1 – 3x2 + ( 3 + 5 )x – 5
f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )2n–1 – 3x2 + 8x – 5
f(3)=0
( 3 – 1 )2n–1 – 3( 3 )2 + 8( 3 ) – 5 = 0
22n–1 – 27 + 24 – 5 = 0
22n–1 – 32 + 24 = 0
22n–1 – 8 = 0
22n–1 = 8 = 23
2n – 1 = 3
2n = 4
n=2
f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )3 – 3x2 + 8x – 5
f ( 2 ) = ( 2 – 1 )3 – 3( 2 )2 + 8( 2 ) – 5 = ( 1 )3 – 12 + 16 – 5 = 1 – 1 = 0
 f ( x ) = ( x – 1 )( x – 2 )( x – 3 )
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ထပးညႊနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
47.If x – 2 is a factor of x2n+1 + 3xn – 44 , find the value of n. ( 2009 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 51 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2n+1 + 3xn – 44
f(2)=0
22n+1 + 3( 2 )n – 44 = 0
2( 2 )2n + 3( 2 )n – 44 = 0
2( 2n )2 + 3( 2n ) – 44 = 0
let 2n = a
2a2 + 3a – 44 = 0
( a – 4 ) ( 2a + 11 ) = 0
𝟏𝟏
a = 4 ( or ) a = −
𝟐
𝟏𝟏
2n = 4 ( or ) 2n = − 𝟐
( impossible )
 2n = 22
n=2
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( iii )စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( ဤပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့ 5 marks Question တျငးေရာ 3 marks Question တျငးပါ မေမ့ဘူ့ေသ့ပါ။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example 2. Find what values of p must have in order that ( x – p ) may be a factor of
4x3 – ( 3p + 2 )x2 – ( p2 – 1 )x + 3.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
48.Find what values of k must have in order that ( x – k ) may be a factor of
𝟑
4x3 – (3k + 2)x2 – (k2 – 1)x + 3. Ans; k = or k = – 1 ( 2014 ရခိုငး / No 7 )
𝟐
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 4x3 – (3k + 2)x2 – (k2 – 1)x + 3
x – k is a factor of f ( x ).
f(k)=0
4k3 – (3k + 2)k2 – (k2 – 1)k + 3 = 0
4k3 – 3k3 − 2k2 – k3 + k + 3 = 0
4k3 – 4k3 − 2k2 + k + 3 = 0
− 2k2 + k + 3 = 0
( 2k – 3 )( k + 1 ) = 0
𝟑
k= or k = – 1
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.If x – k is a factor of f ( x ) = x2 + (k – 5 )x – k2 + 7k – 3, find the value of k.
Ans; k = = – 3 or 1 ( 2010 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 32 )
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49.Given that x – 2b is a factor of ax2 – x – 2a , find an expression for a in term of b.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒃 𝟏
Solution Ans; a = ,b≠± ( 2013 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 7 )
𝟐𝒃𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
2
Let f ( x ) = ax – x – 2a
x – 2b is a factor of f ( x ).
f ( 2b ) = 0
a( 2b )2 – ( 2b ) – 2a = 0
4ab2 – 2b – 2a = 0
4ab2– 2a = 2b
2a ( 2b2– 1 ) = 2b
a ( 2b2– 1 ) = b
𝒃 𝟏
a= ,b≠±
𝟐𝒃𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that x + 2b is a factor of ax2 + x – 2a , find an expression for a in term of b.
( 2010 ရနးကုနး - 2007 ပဲခူ့ No 31 )( 2007 ဧရာွတီ / No 66 )( 2003 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 96 )
𝒃 𝟏
Ans; a = ,b≠±
𝟐𝒃𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that x – 2b is a factor of ax2 – x – a , find an expression for a in term of b.
𝟐𝒃 𝟏
( 2010 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 37 ) ( 2002 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 99 ) Ans; a = ,b≠±
𝟒𝒃𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
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50. Given that 4x4 – 9a2x2+ 2( a2– 7 )x – 18 is exactly divisible by 2x – 3a ,show that
a3 – 7a – 6 = 0 and hence find the possible values of a. Ans; a = – 1 or a = – 2 or a = 3
( 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 6 ) ( 2007 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 70 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  4x4 – 9a2x2 + 2( a2 – 7 )x – 18 is exactly divisible by 2x – 3a
ေမ့ခ္ကး  show that a3 – 7a – 6 = 0 , a = ?
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 4x4 – 9a2x2 + 2( a2 – 7 )x – 18
2x – 3a is a factor of f ( x ).
𝟑𝒂
f( )=0
𝟐
𝟑𝒂 4 𝟑𝒂 2 𝟑𝒂
4( ) – 9a2( ) + 2( a2 – 7 ) ( ) – 18 = 0
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 a2 + a – 6
𝟖𝟏𝒂 𝟒 𝟐
2 𝟗𝒂 2
4( ) – 9a ( ) + 2( a – 7 ) ( 3a ) – 18 = 0 a+1 a3 – 0a2 – 7a – 6
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
𝟖𝟏𝒂𝟒 𝟖𝟏𝒂𝟒 a3 – a2
– + ( a2 – 7 ) ( 6a ) – 18 = 0
𝟒 𝟒
– a2 – 7a
6a3 – 42a – 18 = 0
– a2 – a
a3 – 7a – 6 = 0
Let g ( a ) = a3 – 7a – 6 – 6a – 6
g(1)=1–7–6≠0 – 6a – 6
g (–1 ) = (– 1 )3 – 7(– 1 ) – 6 = – 1 + 7 – 6 = 0
a + 1 is a factor of g ( a ). 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
a3 – 7a – 6 = 0
( a + 1 )( a2 + a – 6 ) = 0
( a + 1 )( a + 2 )( a – 3 )= 0
a + 1 = 0 ( or ) a + 2 = 0 ( or ) a – 3 = 0
a = – 1 ( or ) a = – 2 ( or ) a = 3
Ans; a = – 1 or a = – 2 or a = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that 16x4 – 4x3 – 4a2x2 + 7ax + 18 is divisible by 2x + a , show that
a3 – 7a2 + 36 = 0 and find the possible values of a. Ans; a = – 2 or a = 3 or a = 6
( 14 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 4 ) ( 03 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 107 - a အစာ့ b နဲ႔တျကး )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
စပးဆကးးေလံက္ငးံရနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) Given that 27 x4 – 3a2x2 – 3 ( 2a3 – 3a2 + 9a ) x + 24 is exactly divisible by 3x – 2a ,
show that a3 – 3a2 + 4 = 0 and find the possible values of a. Ans; a = – 1 or a = 2
Solution
Let f ( x ) = 27 x4 – 3 a2x2 – 3 ( 2a3 – 3a2 + 9a ) x + 24
3x – 2a is a factor of f ( x ).
𝟐𝒂
f( )=0
𝟑
𝟐𝒂 4 𝟐𝒂 2 𝟐𝒂
27 ( ) – 3 a2 ( ) – 3 ( 2a3 – 3a2 + 9a ) ( ) + 24 = 0
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟔𝒂𝟒 2 𝟒𝒂 2
𝟐
3 2
27 ( )– 3 a ( ) – ( 2a – 3a + 9a ) ( 2a ) + 24 = 0
𝟖𝟏 𝟗
𝟏𝟔𝒂𝟒 𝟒𝒂𝟒
– – 4a4 + 6a3– 18a2 + 24 = 0
𝟑 𝟑
𝟏𝟐𝒂𝟒
– 4a4 + 6a3– 18a2 + 24 = 0
𝟑
4a4 – 4a4 + 6a3– 18a2 + 24 = 0
6a3– 18a2 + 24 = 0
a3 – 3a2 + 4 = 0
let g ( a ) = a3 – 3a2 + 4
g ( −1 ) = − 1 – 3 + 4 = 0
( a + 1 ) is a factor of g ( a ).
a2 − 4a + 4
a+1 a3 – 3a2 + 0a + 4
a3 + a2
– 4a2 + 0a
– 4a2 − 4a
4a + 4
4a + 4
0
a3 – 3a2 + 4 = 0
( a + 1 )( a2 − 4a + 4 ) = 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( a + 1 )( a − 2 )2 = 0
a = − 1 ( or ) ( a − 2 )2 = 0
a = − 1 ( or ) a = 2
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𝟒𝒃 𝒂
( b )The expression ( ) x4 + ( ) x2 – ( 3a + 12ab )x – 40a2b + 8 is exactly divisible by
𝒂𝟐 𝟐
x – 2a , find the possible value of a. Ans; a = – 1 or a = 2
Solution
𝟒𝒃 𝒂
Let f ( x ) = ( ) x4 + ( ) x2 – ( 3a + 12ab )x – 40a2b + 8
𝒂𝟐 𝟐
x – 2a is a factor of f ( x ).
 f ( 2a ) = 0
𝟒𝒃 𝒂
( )( 2a )4 + ( )( 2a )2 – ( 3a + 12ab )( 2a ) – 40a2b + 8 = 0
𝒂𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝒃 𝒂
( )( 16a4 ) + ( )( 4a2 ) – ( 6a2 + 24a2b ) – 40a2b + 8 = 0
𝒂𝟐 𝟐
64a2b + 2a3 – 6a2 − 24a2b – 40a2b + 8 = 0
64a2b + 2a3 – 6a2 − 64a2b + 8 = 0
2a3 – 6a2 + 8 = 0
a3 – 3a2 + 4 = 0
( ဤအဆငးံမြစ၍ အေပၚတျငးတျကး်ပထာ့ေသာ ပုစာၦႏြငးံ အတူတူ်ဖစးသျာ့ပါသညး။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51. Find the value of k for which a – 3b is a factor of a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4. Hence for this value
of k, factorize a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4 completely.
Ans; k = – 18 , f ( a ) = ( a2 + 2b2 )( a + 3b )( a – 3b ) ( 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 15 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  a – 3b is a factor of a4 – 7a2b2 + kb
4
ေမ့ခ္ကး  k = ? , factorize a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4 completely.
ဤပုစာၦမ္ဳိ့တျငး f ( ? ) ကို မညးသညးံကိနး့ရြငးထာ့ရမညးကိုသိရနးအတျကစာ့ကိ

း နး့ကို ၾကညးံရပါမညး။
စာ့ကိနး့ a – 3b ရြိ ေရြ႕တနးဖို့မြာ ‘a’ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ f ( a ) = a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4 ဟု ထာ့ရပါမညး။
အကယး၍ ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ ‘b’ ်ဖစးေနပါက ( ဥပမာ - b – 2a ်ဖစးေနပါက ) f ( b ) = a – 7a2b2 + kb4
4
ဟု ထာ့ရပါမညး။
Solution
Let f ( a ) = a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4
a – 3b is a factor of a4 – 7a2b2 + kb4
 f ( 3b ) = 0
( 3b )4 – 7( 3b )2b2 + kb4 = 0
81b4 – 63b4 + kb4 = 0
18b4 + kb4 = 0
kb4 = – 18b4
 k = – 18 ဤပုစာၦ တစးခုလုဵ့တျငး f ( a ) အစာ့ f ( x ) ဟု
မြာ့မေရ့မိရနး အထူ့သတိထာ့ပါ။
f ( a ) = a4 – 7a2b2 – 18b4
f (–3b ) = ( –3b )4 – 7( –3b )2b2 + kb4
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
= 81b4 – 63b4 – 18b4 = 0

( a – 3b )( a + 3b ) = a2 – 9b2
2 2
a – 9b is a factor of f ( x )
a2 + 2b2
2 2
a – 9b a4 – 7a2b2 – 18b4
a4 – 9a2b2
2a2b2 – 18b2
2a2b – 18b2
0
 f ( a ) = ( a2 + 2b2 )( a + 3b )( a – 3b )
Ans; k = – 18 , f ( a ) = ( a2 + 2b2 )( a + 3b )( a – 3b )
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52. If x – k is a factor of the expression kx3 + 5x2 – 7kx – 8 , where k is a positive integer,
find the numerical value of k. Hence find the other factors of the expression.
Solution ( 2013 မေကျ့ / No 3 )
Let f ( x ) = kx3 + 5x2 – 7kx – 8
x – k is a factor of f ( x ).
f(k)=0
k( k )3 + 5( k )2 – 7k( k ) – 8 = 0
k4 + 5k2 – 7k2 – 8 = 0
k4 – 2k2 – 8 = 0
( k2 + 2 )( k2 – 4 )= 0
k2 – 4 = 0 ( or ) k2 + 2 = 0
k2 = 4 ( or ) k2 = – 2 ( impossible )
k=±2
k>0
k=2
 f ( x ) = 2x3 + 5x2 – 14x – 8 and x – 2 is a factor of f ( x ).
2x2 + 9x + 4
x–2 2x3 + 5x2 – 14x – 8
2x3 – 4x2
9x2 – 14x
9x2 – 18x
4x – 8
4x – 8
0
f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( 2x2 + 9x + 4 ) = ( x – 2 )( 2x + 1 )( x + 1 )
The other factors are ( 2x + 1 ) and ( x + 4 )
Ans; k = 2 , the other factors are x+4 and 2x+1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.If x – k is a factor of the expression kx3 – 3x2 – 4kx + 12 , where k is a positive integer,

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
find the value of k. Hence factorize the expression completely.
Ans; k = 2 , f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( x + 2 )( 2x – 3 ) ( 2004 ရခိုငး - 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 80 )
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Exercise ( 2.2 )
21. Given that 2x2 – x – 1 is a factor of ax4 + x3 – bx2 + 5x + 6 , find the value of a and b.
Ans; a = 2 , b = 14 ( 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 11 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Find the values of p and q if 6x3 + 13x2 + px + q is exactly divisible by 2x2 + 7x – 4.
Show alsothat 3x – 4 is a factors of the given polynomial.
Ans; p = – 40 , q = 16 ( 2009 ရနးကုနး / No 43 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. The polynomial ax3 + bx2 – 5x + 3a is exactly divisible by x2 – 3x – 4. Calculate the
values of a and b, and factorize the polynomial completely.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. If x2 + 2x – 3 is a factor of f ( x ) = x4 + 2x3 – 7x2 + ax + b , find a and b, hence factorize
f ( x ) completely. Ans; a = – 8 , b = 12 , f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( x – 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 )
( 2005 ရနးကုနး၊မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 85 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53. If f ( x ) = 2x4 + x3 – ax2 + bx + a + b – 1 has factors x – 2 and x + 3 , find the constants a
and b. Hence factorize f ( x ) completely.
Ans; a = 16 , b = 3 , f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 1 )( x + 3 ) ( 13 ပဲခူ့ / No 5 ) ( or )
Given that x2 + x – 6 is a factors of 2x4 + x3 – ax2 + bx + a + b – 1. Find the values of a and b.

Ans; a = 16 , b = 3 ( 2003 ပဲခူ့ / No 103 )
( အထကးပါပုစာၦႏြစးပုဒးသညး ေမ့ပုဵသာကျာပါသညး။ ေမ့ခ္ကးႏြငးံ ေပ့ခ္ကးမြာ အတူတူသာ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x4 + x3 – ax2 + bx + a + b – 1
x – 2 and x + 3 are factors of f( x ).
 f ( 2 ) = 0 and f (– 3 ) = 0
f(2)=0
2( 2 )4 + ( 2 )3 – a( 2 )2 + b( 2 ) + a + b – 1 = 0
32 + 8 – 4a + 2b + a + b – 1 = 0
– 3a + 3b + 39 = 0
– 3a + 3b = – 39
– a + b = – 13  ( 1 )
f (– 3 ) = 0
2(– 3 )4 + (– 3 )3 – a(– 3 )2 + b(– 3 ) + a + b – 1 = 0
162 – 27 – 9a – 3b + a + b – 1 = 0
134 – 8a – 2b = 0
8a + 2b = 134

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4a + b = 67  ( 2 )
(– ) – a + b = – 13  ( 1 )
5a = 80
a = 16 in eq ( 1 )
– a + b = – 13 2x2 + x – 3
b = – 13 + a = – 13 + 16 = 3
if a = 16 , b – 3 , x2 + x – 6 2x4 + x3 – 16x2 + 3x + 18
f ( x ) = 2x4 + x3 – 16x2 + 3x + 16 + 3 – 1 2x4 + 2x3 – 12x2
f ( x ) = 2x4 + x3 – 16x2 + 3x + 18 – x3 – 4x2 + 3x
( x – 2 )( x + 3 ) = x2 + x – 6
– x3 – x2 + 6x
x2 + x – 6 is a factor of f( x ).
– 3x2 – 3x + 18
2
 f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( x + 3 )( 2x + x – 3 ) – 3x2 – 3x + 18
= ( x – 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 1 )( x + 3 )
Ans; a = 16 , b = 3 , f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 1 )( x + 3 ) 0
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1. Given that the expression 2x3 + px2 – 8x + q is exactly divisible by 2x2 – 7x + 6. Evaluate
p and q and factorize the expression completely.
Ans; p = – 3 , q = 12 , f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 2 ) ( 2008 ရခိုငး / No 71 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The polynomial px3 + qx2 – 5x – 6 is exactly divisible by 2x2 + x – 6. Calculate the value
of p and q , and factorize the polynomial completely.
Ans; p = 2 , q = 3 , f ( x ) = ( x + 2 )( 2x – 3 )( x + 1 ) ( 2012 ရနးကုနး / No 12 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Find the values of p and q for which the expression 12x4 + 16x3 + px2 + qx – 1 is divisible
by 4x2 – 1. Hence, find the other factors of the expression.
Ans; p = 1 , q = – 4 , The other factors are x+1 and 3x+1 ( 2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 32 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Given that x2 – x – 6 is a factor of 2x4 – 7x3 – 4x2 + px + q , find the values of p and q. Find
the other factors. Ans; p = 27 , q = – 18 , The other factors are x – 1 and 2x – 3
( 2009 ကခ္ငး / No 51 )
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4. The expression ax3 + bx2 – 3x – 2 is exactly divisible by x2 + x – 2. Find the value of a and
b. Ans; a = 2 , b = 3( 2008 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 62 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The polynomial x3 – 6x2 + px + q is divisible by x2 – 5x – 6. Find the value of p and the
value of q. Ans; p = 11 , q = – 6 ( 2010 ဧရာွတီ၊မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 38 )
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54. If x4 + px3 + qx2 – 16x – 12 has factors x – 2 and x + 1 , find the constants p and q and
the remaining factors. Ans; p = 4 , q = – 1 , The remaining factors are x + 2 and x + 3
Solution ( 2006 မႏ ၱေလ့ - 2004 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 75 )
Let f ( x ) = x4 + px3 + qx2 – 16x – 12
x – 2 and x + 1 are the factors of f ( x ).

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
f ( 2 ) = 0 and f ( – 1 ) = 0
f(2)=0
( 2 )4 + p( 2 )3 + q( 2 )2 – 16( 2 ) – 12 = 0
16 + 8p + 4q – 32 – 12 = 0
16 + 8p + 4q – 44 = 0
8p + 4q – 28 = 0
8p + 4q = 28
2p + q = 7  ( 1 )
f ( – 1) = 0
( – 1)4 + p( – 1)3 + q( – 1)2 – 16( – 1) – 12 = 0
1 – p + q + 16 – 12 = 0
–p+q+5=0 x2 + 5x + 6
p–q= 5 (2)
(–) 2p + q = 7  ( 1 ) x2 – x – 2 x4 + 4x3 – x2 – 16x – 12
3p = 12 x4 – x3 – 2x2
p = 4 in Eq ( 2 )
4–q = 5 5x3 + x2 – 16x
q = –1 5x3 – 5x2 – 10x
f ( x ) = x + 4x3 – x2 – 16x – 12
4
6x2 – 6x – 12
( x – 2 )( x + 1 ) = x2 – x – 2 6x2 – 6x – 12
x2 – x – 2 is a factors of f ( x ).
0
2
f ( x ) = ( x – 2 )( x + 1 )( x + 5x + 6 )
= ( x – 2 )( x + 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 3 )
The remaining factors are x + 2 and x + 3
Ans; p = 4 , q = – 1 , The remaining factors are x + 2 and x + 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55. Given that the expression ( b – a )x2 – x – ab is divisible by x + 2 and x – 3, find the
values of a and b. ( 2006 ရနးကုနး / No 74 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ( b – a )x2 – x – ab
x + 2 and x – 3 are the factors of f ( x ).
 f (– 2 ) = 0 and f ( 3 ) = 0
f (– 2 ) = 0
( b – a ) (– 2 )2 – (– 2 ) – ab = 0
4( b – a ) + 2 – ab = 0
4( b – a ) + 2 = ab
f(3)=0
( b – a ) ( 3 )2 – ( 3 ) – ab = 0
9( b – a ) – 3 – ab = 0
9( b – a ) – 3 = ab
 4( b – a ) + 2 = 9( b – a ) – 3
2 + 3 = 9( b – a ) – 4( b – a )
5( b – a ) = 5
b–a=1
 a = b – 1 in Eq ( 1 )
4( b – a ) + 2 = ab
4+2=(b–1)b

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
6 = b2 – b
b2 – b – 6 = 0
( b + 2 )( b – 3 ) = 0
b + 2 = 0 ( or ) b – 3 = 0
b = – 2 ( or ) b = 3
if b = – 2 , a = – 2 – 1 = – 3
if b = 3 , a = 3 – 1 = 2
Ans; a = – 3 and b = – 2 or a = 2 and b = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that the expression ( a + 4b )x2 + 2x + b – a is divisible by x – 2 and x + 3, find the
value of a and b. ( 2003 ဧရာွတီ / No 104 ) ( 2002 ပဲခူ့ / No 114 ) Ans; a = 10 , b = – 2
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56. If x2 – 5x + 6 is a factor of the polynomial f ( x ) = x3 + ax2 + ( a2 – 25 )x – 6 , find a .
Solution ( 2009 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 44 )
f ( x ) = x3 + ax2 + ( a2 – 25 )x – 6
x2 – 5x + 6 is a factor of f ( x ).
x – 2 and x – 3 are the factors of f ( x )
 f ( 2 ) = 0 and f ( 3 ) = 0
f(2)=0
( 2 )3 + a( 2 )2 + ( a2 – 25 )2 – 6 = 0
8 + 4a + 2a2 – 50 – 6 = 0
2a2 + 4a – 48 = 0
a2 + 2a – 24 = 0
( a + 6 )( a – 4 )= 0
a + 6 = 0 ( or ) a – 4 = 0
a = – 6 ( or ) a = 4
f(3)=0
( 3 )3 + a( 3 )2 + ( a2 – 25 )3 – 6 = 0
27 + 9a + 3a2 – 75 – 6 = 0
3a2 + 9a – 54 = 0
a2 + 3a – 18 = 0
( a + 6 )( a – 3 )= 0
a + 6 = 0 ( or ) a – 3 = 0
a = – 6 ( or ) a = 3
a=3
Ans; a = – 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. If x2 – 5x + 6 is a factor of f ( x ) = x4 – 5x3 + ( a – 1 )x2 + bx – 24 , find a and b, hence
factorize f ( x ) completely. a = 3 ,b = 20, f( x ) = (x – 3)(x – 2)2(x + 2)(09 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 52 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Given that 2x2 – x – 1 is a factor of ax4 + x3 – bx2 + 5x + 6 , find the values of a and b.
Ans; a = 2 , q = 14 ( 2004 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 98 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏
57. The equation 6x3 + px2 = qx – 10 has roots x = 2 and x = .Find the values of the
𝟐
constants p and q and the third root. ( 2009 မေကျ့ / No 45 )
Solution
6x3 + px2 = qx – 10
6x3 + px2 – qx + 10 = 0
Let f ( x ) = 6x3 + px2 – qx + 10
𝟏
x = 2 and x = are roots f ( x ) = 0 ( သို႕ ) ( x – 2 ) and ( 2x – 1 ) are factors of f ( x ).
𝟐
𝟏
 f ( 2 ) = 0 and f ( )=0
𝟐
f(2)=0
6( 2 )3 + p( 2 )2 – q( 2 ) + 10 = 0
48 + 4p – 2q + 10 = 0
4p – 2q = – 58
2p – q = – 29  ( 1 )
𝟏
f( )=0
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
6( )3 + p( )2 – q( ) + 10 = 0
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
6( ) + p( ) – q( ) + 10 = 0
𝟖 𝟒 𝟐
6 + 2p – 4q + 80 = 0
2p – 4q = – 86
Eq ( 1 ) x 2  4p – 2q = – 58
(–) p – 2q = – 43  ( 2 )
3p = – 15 3x – 5
p = – 5 in Eq ( 1 )
2( – 5 ) – q = – 29 2x2 – 5x + 2 6x3 – 5x2 + 19x + 10
– 10 – q = – 29 , q = – 19 6x3 – 15x2 + 6x
3 2
f ( x ) = 6x – 5x + 19x + 10
– 10x2 + 25x + 10
( x – 2 )( 2x – 1 ) = 2x2 – 5x + 2 – 10x3 + 25x + 10
2x2 – 5x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ).
0
𝟓 𝟓
 The third root = 3x – 5 = 0 , 3x = 5 , x =
𝟑
𝟑
𝟓
Ans; p = – 5 , q = 19 , The third root = –
𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that the equation 2x3 + ax2 + bx – 12 = 0 has roots x = 1 and x = 4 . Find the values
𝟑
of a , b and the third root. Ans; a = – 13 , b = 23 , x = ( 2013 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 10 )
𝟐
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( i ) တညးကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( 3 marks )
58.Find the value of a for which ( 1 – 2a )x2 + 5ax + ( a – 1 )( a – 8 ) is divisible by x – 2 but
not x – 1. ( 2013 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 ) Ans; a = 4
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Let f ( x ) = ( 1 – 2a )x2 + 5ax + ( a – 1 )( a – 8 )

f(2)=0
f(2)=0
( 1 – 2a )( 2 )2 + 10a + ( a – 1 )( a – 8 ) = 0
4 – 8a + 10a + a2 – 9a + 8 = 0
a2 – 7a + 12 = 0
( a – 3 )( a – 4 ) = 0
a = 3 ( or ) a = 4
x – 1 is not a factor of f ( x )
f(1)≠0
If a = 3
f ( x ) = ( 1 – 6 )x2 + 15x + ( 3 – 1 )( 3 – 8 )
f ( x ) = – 5x2 + 15x – 10
f ( 2 ) = – 5( 2 )2 + 15( 2 ) – 10 = − 20 + 30 – 10 = 0
f ( 1 ) = – 5 + 15 – 10 = 0
a = 3 doesn’t satisfy both condition.
If a = 4
f ( x ) = ( 1 – 8 )x2 + 20x + ( 4 – 1 )( 4 – 8 )
f ( x ) = – 7x2 + 20x – 12
f ( 2 ) = – 7( 2 )2 + 20( 2 ) – 12 = − 28 + 40 – 12 = 0
f ( 1 ) = – 7 + 20 – 12 ≠ 0
 a = 4 only
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59.If x – 2 and x + 3 are factors of the polynomial f( x ) = px3+ x2– 13x + pq, find the value
of p.
Solution Ans; p = 2 ( 2011 ပဲခူ့ / No 25 )
f ( x ) = px3 + x2 – 13x + pq
x – 2 and x + 3 are factors of f ( x ).
f(2)=0
p( 2 )3 + 22 – 26 + pq = 0
8p + 4 – 26 + pq = 0
8p + pq − 22 = 0
8p + pq = 22  ( 1 )
f (− 3 ) = 0
p(− 3 )3 + (− 3 )2 + 39 + pq = 0
− 27p + 9 +39 + pq = 0
− 27p + pq + 48 = 0  ( 2 )
27p − pq = 48  ( 2 )
Eq ( 2 ) + ( 1 )
35p = 70
p=2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ii )စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

Exercise ( 2.2 )
23. Given f ( x ) = 2x3 + ax2 – 7a2x – 6a3 , determine whether or not x – a and x + a are
factors of f ( x ). Hence , find the roots of f ( x ) = 0 in term of a.
( 14 ရနးကုနး ( No 1 ) 3 marks Question ေမ့သျာ့ပါသညး။ )( 13 ဧရာွတီ / No 6 )( 05 ပဲခူ့ / No 89 )
Solution
f ( x ) = 2x3 + ax2 – 7a2x – 6a3
f ( a ) = 2( a )3 + a( a )2 – 7a2( a ) – 6a3
= 2a3 + a3 – 7a3 – 6a3 = 3a3 – 13a3 ≠ 0
( x – a ) is not a factor of f ( x ).
f ( – a ) = 2( – a )3 + a( – a )2 – 7a2( – a ) – 6a3
= – 2a3 + a3 + 7a3 – 6a3 = 8a3 – 8a3 = 0
( x + a ) is a factor of f ( x ).
2x2 – ax – 6a3
x+a 2x3 + ax2 – 7a2x – 6a3
2x3 + 2ax2
– ax2 – 7a2x
– ax3 – a2x
– 6a2x – 6a3
– 6a2x – 6a3
0
f(x)=0
2x3 + ax2 – 7a2x – 6a3 = 0
( x + a )( 2x2 – ax – 6a3 ) = 0
( x + a )( 2x + 3a )( x – 2a ) = 0
x + a = 0 ( or ) 2x + 3a = 0 ( or ) x – 2a = 0
𝟑𝒂
x = – a ( or ) x = ( or ) x = 2a
𝟐
𝟑𝒂
the three roots are – a , and 2a.
𝟐
𝟑𝒂 𝟑𝒂
Ans; x = – a , x = and x = 2a , the three roots are – a , and 2a.
𝟐 𝟐
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( 5 ) တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့တစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Example 4. If the equation ax3 + 4x2 – 5x – 10 = 0 and ax3– 9x – 2 = 0 have a common root
( or factor ).Then show that a = 2 or a = 11.
( 2005 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 92 ) အထကးပါပုစာၦႏြငးံ ေပ့ခ္ကးေမ့ခ္ကးအတူတူသာ်ဖစးသညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that ax3 + 4x2 – 5x – 10 = 0 and ax3– 9x – 2 = 0 have a common root ( or factor ).
What are the possible values of a ?

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Ans; a = 11 or 2 ( 2014 ရခိုငး / No 8 ) ( 2013 ကခ္ငး / No 9 ) ( 2011 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 31 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that kx3 + 2x2 + 2x + 3 and kx3– 2x + 9 have a common root ( or factor ),what are
𝟓
the possible values of k ? Ans; k = – 7 or ( 2005 မႏ ၱေလ့ /No 86 )
𝟗
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3. If the expression ax4 + x3 – x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 and ax4– x2 + 3x+ 1 = 0 have a common root
( or factor ), then find the value of a. Ans; a = 3( 2004 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 97 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercise ( 2.2 )
15. x3 + ax2 – x + b and x3 + bx2 – 5x – 3a has a common factor x + 2 , find a and b.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old Questions( 3 marks )
1.If x3 + px2 – 8qx + 5 and 2x3 – qx2 + 4px – 18 has a common factor x – 2 , find the value of
p and q. ( 2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 5 )
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2. Given that x + 2 is a common factor of ax2 + ( a + k )x + 6 and ( k – a )x2 + 4x – a. Then
find the values of a and k. Ans; a = 4 , k = 7 ( 2011 မေကျ့ / No 25 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.The expression px4 – 5x + q and x4 – 2x3– px2 – qx – 8 = 0 have a common factor x – 2.
Tind the value of p and q. Ans; p = 1 , q = – 6( 2003 ရနးကုနး /No 99 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60. Given that x + 5 is a common factor of x3 + px2 – qx + 15 and x3 – x2 – ( q + 5 )x + 40.
Find thre values of p and q . Hence factorize x3 + px2 – qx + 15 completely.
( 2014 မေကျ့ / No 3 ) Ans; p = 1 , q = 17 , f ( x ) = ( x + 5 )( x – 1 )( x – 3 )
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + px2 – qx + 15
g ( x ) = x3 – x2 – ( q + 5 )x + 40.
x + 5 is a common factor of f ( x ) and g ( x ).
 f ( – 5 ) = 0 and g ( – 5 ) = 0
f(–5)=0
( – 5 )3 + p ( – 5 )2 – q ( – 5 ) + 15 = 0 x2 – 4x + 3
– 125 + 25p + 5q + 15 = 0
– 110 + 25p + 5q = 0
x+5 x3 + x2 – 17x + 15
25p + 5q = 110 x3 + 5x2
5p + q = 22  ( 1 )
– 4x2 – 17x
g(x)=0
– 4x2 – 20x
( – 5 )3 – ( – 5 )2 – ( q + 5 ) ( – 5 ) + 40 = 0
– 125 – 25 + 5q + 25 + 40 = 0 3x + 15
5q – 85 = 0 3x + 15
5q = 85
q = 17 in Eq ( 1 ) 0
5p + 17 = 22

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
p=1
 x3 + px2 – qx + 15 = x3 + x2 – 17x + 15
x3 + x2 – 17x + 15 = ( x + 5 )( x2 – 4x + 3 ) = ( x + 5 )( x – 1 )( x – 3 )
Ans; p = 1 , q = 17 , f ( x ) = ( x + 5 )( x – 1 )( x – 3 )
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61. Let F ( x ) = f ( x ) + g ( x ). If ( x – 2 ) is a common factor of both f ( x ) and g ( x ) then
show that ( x – 2 ) is also a factor of F (x ). ( 2006 ကခ္ငး / No 82 )
Solution
F(x)=f(x)+g(x)
x – 2 is a common factor of f ( x ) and g ( x )
f(2)=0,g(2)=0
F(2)=f(2)+g(2)=0+0=0
( x – 2 ) is also a factor of F (x ).
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62. f ( x ) = 2x3 + px2 + qx – 20 , where p and q are constants . Given that x + 2 is a factor of
f ( x ) and that x + 2 is also a factor of f ’ ( x ) , find the values of p and q.
ဤပုစာၦသညး အခနး့ ှဿ သငး်ပီ့မြ တျကးတတးမညးံပုစာၦ်ဖစးပါသညး။ f အေပၚတျငး ( ’ ) သေကၤတေလ့

တငးေရ့ ထာ့်ခငး့ကို ဖနးရြငး f အာ့ derivative လုပးခိုငး့်ခငး့ဟု နာ့လညးထာ့ရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ ဤသို႔ လုပးခိုငး့
ပါက ဖနးရြငး f ရြိ ကိနး့ရြငး x တစးခုခ္ငး့စီရြိ ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့အာ့ x ေရြ႕ရြိေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့အာ့ ေ်မြာကးေပ့၍
x အာ့ ထပးညႊနး့ ‘1’ေလ္ြာံ ်ပနးေရ့ေပ့ရမညး။ ( ကိနး့လုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ခ္ငး့စီအာ့ ပါွါေရြ႕ခ္ ပါွါ „တစး‟ေလ္ြာံ
်ပနးေရ့ ) / ကိးနး့ရြငး x မပါေသာ ကိးနး့လုဵ့မ္ာ့အာ့ 0 ယူရမညး။
Solution ( 2012 မေကျ့ / No 14 ) ( 2002 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 113 )

3 2
f ( x ) = 2x + px + qx – 20
 f’( x ) = 6x2 + 2px + q + 0 = 6x2 + 2px + q
x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ) and f ’( x )
 f ( – 2 ) = 0 and f’( – 2 ) = 0
f(–2)=0
2( – 2 )3 + p( – 2 )2 + q( – 2 ) – 20 = 0
– 16 + 4p – 2q – 20 = 0
4p – 2q – 36 = 0
4p – 2q = 36
2p – q = 18  ( 1 )
f’( – 2 ) = 0
2
6( – 2 ) + 2p( – 2 ) + q = 0
24 – 4p + q = 0
– 4p + q = – 24  ( 2 )
– 4p + q = – 24  ( 2 )
(+) 2p – q = 18  ( 1 )
– 2p = –6
p = 3 in Eq ( 2 )
q = – 12 ,
Ans; p = 3 , q = – 12
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
63. Given that x –  is a common factor of x2 – 5x + k and x2 – 6x + 3k where k ≠ 0, Find
the numerical values of . ( 2005 မေကျ့ / No 87 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  x –  is a common factor of x2 – 5x + k and x2 – 6x + 3k where k ≠ 0,
ေမ့ခ္ကး  the numerical values of 
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x2 – 5x + k
g ( x ) = x2 – 6x + 3k
x –  is a common factor of f ( x ) and g ( x ).
f()=0
(  )2 – 5(  ) + k = 0  ( 1 )
g ( ) = 0
(  )2 – 6(  ) + 3k = 0
f (  ) = g ( )
(  )2 – 5(  ) + k = (  )2 – 6(  ) + 3k
6 – 5 = 3k – k
 = 2k

k= in Eq ( 1 )
𝟐

(  )2 – 5(  ) + = 0
𝟐
22 – 10 +  = 0
22 – 9 = 0
 (2 – 9 ) = 0
k≠0,≠0
 2 – 9 = 0
𝟗
=
𝟐
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Old Questions( 3 marks )
64.Given that x – p is the common factor of x2 + 3x – 10 and x2 + 5x – 14 ,find the values
of p and by using this value of p , show that 2x3 + x2 – 7x – 6 is divisible by x – p.
Ans; p = 2 ( 2011 ဧရာွတီ / No 26 ) ( 2008 ပဲခူ့ / No 56 )
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1. If x + p is the common factor of x3 – x2 – 7x – 2 and x3 + 3x2 – 4 ,find the possible values

𝟏
of p. Ans; p = – or 2 ( 2009 ကခ္ငး / No 50 )
𝟒
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.Given that x – k is a common factor of x2 + 5x – 14 and x2 + 2x – 35 ,find the value of k.
Ans; k = – 7 ( 2006 ရခိုငး / No 80 )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( c ) တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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( 6 ) တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) တညးကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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( b ) စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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( c ) တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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( 3 ) Remainder / Factor ေရာရာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i ) တညးကိနး့ မသိကန
ိ း့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
65.Given that the expressions 6x3 + px2 – 19x + 10 is divisible by 2x – 1 , find the value of p.
Find also the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x + 2.
Ans; p = – 5 , The remainder = – 20( 2012 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 20 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. If the expression kx2 + 5x – 6 is divisibles by 2x – 3 , find the remainder when it is
divided by 3x – 2 . Ans; k = 6 , The remainder = 0 ( 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 9 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. If the expression f ( x ) = 6x3 + 13x2 – 40x – 4p is divisible by 2x – 1 , find the value of p.
Find also the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x.
Ans; p = 4, The remainder = 16( 2011 ရနးကုနး၊ စစးကိုငး့၊ ခ္ငး့ / No 22 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Find what value of p must have in order that x + 2 may be a factor of 2x 3 + px2 – 17x +
10 and hence find the remainder when it is divided by x – 3.
Ans; p = – 7 , The remainder = – 50 ( 2010 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 41 )
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( i ) တညးကိနး့ မသိကိနး့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
66. The cubic polynomial f ( x ) is such that the coefficient of x3 is – 1 and the roots of the
equation f ( x ) = 0 are 1,2 and k . Given that f ( x ) has a remainder of 8 when divided by
x – 3 , find the value of k and the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x + 3.
Solution Ans; k = 7 , The remainder = 200 ( 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 3 )
Let f ( x ) = (− 1 )( x – 1 )( x – 2 )( x – k )
f(3)=8
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
(− 1 )( 3 – 1 )( 3 – 2 )( 3 – k ) = 8
(− 1 )( 2 )( 1 )( 3 – k ) = 8
(− 2 )( 3 – k ) = 8
3–k=−4
k=7
 f ( x ) = (− 1 )( x – 1 )( x – 2 )( x – 7 )
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 3, the remainder = f ( – 3 ) = (− 1 )( – 3 – 1 )( – 3 – 2 )( – 3 – 7 )
= (− 1 )( – 4 )( – 5 )( – 10 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) The three roots of the equation f ( x ) = 0 are 1,3 and p. If f ( x ) is a polynomial of
degree 3 and the coefficient of x3 is – 2. Given that f ( x ) has a remainder of 210 when
divided by x + 2 , find the value of p and the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 2 .
Solution
Let f ( x ) = (− 2 )( x – 1 )( x – 3 )( x – p )
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2 , the remainder = f ( – 2 )
f (− 2 ) = 210
(− 2 )( − 2 – 1 )( − 2 – 3 )( − 2 – p ) = 210
(− 2 )( − 3 )( − 5 )( 2 – k ) = 210
(− 30 )( − 2 – k ) = 210
k+2=7
k=5
 f ( x ) = (− 2 )( x – 1 )( x – 3 )( x – 5 )
When f ( x ) is divided by x – 2 , the remainder = f ( 2 ) = (− 2 )( 2 – 1 )( 2 – 3 )( 2 – 5 )
= (− 2 )( 1 )( – 1 )( – 3 )
=−6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) The three roots of the equation f ( x ) = 0 are 1, a +1 and – 1. If f ( x ) is a polynomial
of degree 3 and the coefficient of x3 is – 1. Given that f ( x ) has a remainder of – 12 when
divided by x – 2 , find the value of a and show that x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ).
Solution
Let f ( x ) = (− 1 )( x – 1 )( x – a – 1 )( x + 1 )
When f ( x ) is divided by x − 2 , the remainder = f ( 2 )
f ( 2 ) = − 12
(− 1 )( 2 – 1 )( 2 – a – 1 )( 2 + 1 ) = − 12
− 3 ( 1 – a ) = − 12
1–a=4
a=−3
f ( x ) = (− 1 )( x – 1 )( x – (− 3 ) – 1 )( x + 1 )
f ( x ) = (− 1 )( x – 1 )( x + 3 – 1 )( x + 1 )
f ( x ) = (− 1 )( x – 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 1 )
 x + 2 is a factor of f ( x )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) The cubic polynomial f ( x ) is such that the coefficient of x 3 is – 4 and the roots of
the equation f ( x ) = 0 are 1, 2 and k – 1 . Given that f ( x ) has a remainder of 12x when
divided by x – 4 , find the value of k and the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 3.
Ans; k = 7 , The remainder = 24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( d ) The cubic polynomial f ( x ) is such that the coefficient of x 3 is – 2 and the roots of

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
the equation f ( x ) = 0 are – 1, 0 and k + 2 . Given that f ( x ) has a remainder of 4k + 16
when divided by x – 2 , find the value of k and express f ( x ) in the form of ax3 + bx , stating
the values of a and b. Ans; k = – 1 , a = – 2 and b = 2
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( iii )တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
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( iv ) ထပးညႊနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့( 3 marks )
67.n is a positive integer and x – 2 is a factor of f ( x ) = 3xn – 5x2 – 10x – 8.Find the value of
nand find also the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by x – 3.
Ans; n = 4 , The remainder = 160( 2009 ပဲခူ့ / No 46 )
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( i ) တညးကိနး့ မသိကိနး့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Exercise ( 2.2 )
18. x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ) = a ( x – 1 )2 + b ( x – 1 ) + 9. The remainder when f ( x ) is
divided by x + 1 is – 11 . Find the value of a and b.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ) = a ( x – 1 )2 + b ( x – 1 ) + a. The remainder when f ( x ) is
divided by x + 1 is – 11 . Find the value of a and b.
Ans; a = 6.6 , b = 22 ( 2005 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 94 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ) = a ( x – 1 )2 + b ( x – 1 ) + a. The remainder when f ( x ) is
divided by x + 1 is 5. Find the value of a and b.
Ans; a = – 3 , b = – 10 ( 2012 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 17 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. If ax3 – 9x + b is divisible by x + 2 and the remainder is 12 when divided by x – 2 , then
find a and b. Ans; a = 3 , b = 6 ( 2005 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 93 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Let f ( x ) = x3 + ax2 + bx – 22. When f ( x ) is divided by x + 3 , the remainder is – 28. If
x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ) , find the value of and b.
Ans; a = – 8 , b = – 31( 2011 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 24 )
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When f ( x ) = ( x + 2 )3( x – 1 ) – px+ 6 is divided by x + 3 , the remainder is 28.Find the
value of p and hence show that x – 1 is a factor of f ( x ). ( 2002 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 100 )
Ans; p = 6
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( c ) Find the value of p if 2x3 + x2 + 5x + p is divisible by 2x – 1. What is the remainder
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
when the given polynomial is divided by 2x + 1.
Ans; p = – 3 , the remainder = – 5.5 ( 2012 ရနးကုနး၊ပဲခူ့ / No 12 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
68. x2– 1 is a factor of x3+ ax2– x + b. When the expression is divided by x – 2 , the
remainder is 15. Find the values of a and b.
Ans; a = 3 , b = – 3 ( 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 6 )( 2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 10 )
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Exercise ( 2.2 )
16. The expression x3 + ax2 + bx + 3 is exactly divisible by x + 3 but leave a remainder of 91
when divided by x – 4. What is the remainder when it is divided by x + 2.
Ans; a = 2 , b = – 2 , The remainder = 7 ( 2015 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 1 ) ( 2008 ဧရာွတီ / No 69 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. The expression px3 – 5x2 + qx + 10 has factor 2x – 1 but leaves a remainder of – 20
when divided by x + 2. Fnd the values of p and q and factorize the expression completely.
Ans; p = 6 , q = – 19 , f ( x ) = ( 2x – 1 )( 3x + 5 )( x – 2 )
( 2018 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 7 )( 2012 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 13 ) ( 2006 မေကျ့ / No 76 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
68. The expression x3 + 3ax2 + 5x + 4b has a factor x – 4 but leaves a remainder of 12
when divided by x – 5. Find the values of a and b. Factorize the expression compltely.
Solution ( 2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 46 )
Let f ( x ) = x3 + 3ax2 + 5x + 4b
f(4)=0
( 4 )3 + 3a( 4 )2 + 5( 4 ) + 4b = 0
64 + 48a + 20 + 4b = 0
48a + 4b = – 84
12a + b = – 21  ( 1 )
f ( 5 ) = 12
( 5 )3 + 3a( 5 )2 + 5( 5 ) + 4b = 12
125 + 75a + 25 + 4b = 12
75a + 4b = 12 – 150 x2 – 4x – 3
75a + 4b = – 138  ( 2 ) x–4 x3 – 6x2 + 5x + 12
(–) 48a + 4b = – 84  Eq ( 1 ) x 4
x3 – 4x2
27a = – 54
a = – 2 in Eq ( 1 ) – 2x2 – 5x
12( – 2 ) + b = – 21 – 2x2 – 8x
b – 24 = – 21
b = 24 – 21 = 3 –3x+ 12
f ( x ) = x3 – 6x2 + 5x + 12 –3x+ 12
0
f ( x ) = ( x – 4 )( x2 – 4x – 3 ) = ( x – 4 )( x – 3 )( x + 1 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.The expression px3 – 5x2 + qx + 10 has a factor 2x – 1 but leaves a remainder of – 20

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
when it is divided by x + 2. Fnd the remainder when it is divided by x + 3.
Ans; p = 6 , q = – 19 , The remainder = – 140
( 2006 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 83 - အထကးပါ ပုစာၦႏြငးံ ေပ့ခ္ကးတူ ေမ့ခ္ကးသာကျာပါသညး။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The expression ax3 + bx2 – 13x – 6 has a factor of x – 2 but leave a remainder of – 4
when divided by x – 1. Find the value of and b. What is the remainder when it is divided by
x + 2. Ans; a = – 7 , b = – 22 , the remainder = 164 ( 2011 ရနးကုနး / No 23 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.The expression ax3 + bx2 – 2x + 3 has a factor of x + 3 but leave a remainder of 91 when
divided by x – 4. Find the value of and b. What is the remainder when it is divided by x + 2.
Ans; a = 1 , b = 2 , the remainder = 7 ( 2012 ပဲခူ့ / No 16 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Given that f ( x ) = 2x3 + px2 + qx – 9 has a factor x – 3 but leaves a remainder of 8 when
it is divided by x+1.Find the values of p and q. Show that 2x + 1 is a factor of f ( x ).
Ans; p = 1 , q = – 18 ( 2009 ဧရာွတီ / No 48 )
( or )
Given that f ( x ) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx – 9 , find the values of a and b if f ( x ) has a factor x – 3
but leaves a remainder of 8 when divided by x+1. ( 2003 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 106 )
Ans; a = 1 , b = – 18 ( အေပၚပုစာၦႏြငးံ p,q အစာ့ a,b ်ဖစးသညးပဲကျာသညး၊ အာ့လုဵ့တူသညး။ )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The expression 6x3 + ax2 + bx + 10 has a factor of 2x – 1 but leave a remainder of – 20
when divided by x + 2. Find the value of and b and factorize the expression completely.
Ans; a = – 5 , b = – 19 , f ( x ) = ( 2x – 1 )( x – 2 )( 3x + 5 )
( 2014 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 )( 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 53 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.The expression x3 + 2ax2 + bx + 3 has a factor of x + 3 but leave a remainder of 91 when
divided by x – 4. What is the remainder when it is divided by x – 2 ?
Ans; a = 1 , b = – 2 , The remainder = 15 ( 2008 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 57 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. The expression x3 + ax2 + bx + 3 has a factor of x + 3, but leave a remainder of 91 when
divided by x – 4. What is the remainder when it is divided by 2 – x.
Ans; a = 2 , b = – 2 , The remainder = 15 ( 2004 မေကျ့၊စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 94 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. The expression 2x4 + ax3 + bx2 – 3x – 4 is exactly divisible by x – 4 but leave a remainder
of – 9 when divided by x – 1. What is the remainder when it is divided by x – 2.
Ans; a = – 9 , b = 5 , the remainder = – 30 ( 2012 ရြမး့ကယာ့ / No 21 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.The expression x3 + 2x2 + px + q leaves a remainder of –18 when divided by x – 2 but has
a factor x – 3.Find the values of p and q and factorize the expression compltely.
Ans; p = – 11 , b = – 12 , f ( x ) = ( x – 3 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x + 4 ) ( 2009 ရခိုငး / No 50 )
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9. When ( x ) = x3 – 3x2 + ax + b is divided by x + 1 , the remainder is 12. If x – 2 is a factor
of f ( x ) , then find a and b. Hence solve f ( x ) = 0.
Ans; a = – 4 , b = 12 , x = – 2 or x = 2 or x = 3 ( 2005 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့၊ကခ္ငး / No 88 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
10. f ( x ) = kx3 + ( 3k – 2 )x2– 4 , where k is a constant. Given that ( x + 2 ) is a factor of

f ( x ). Find the value of k. With this value of k, find the remainder when f ( x ) is divided by
𝟏𝟓
( 2x – 1 ). Ans; k = 3 , The remainder = – ( 2003 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 109 )
𝟖
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69.. The polynomial 2ax3 + 2bx2 – 5x + 4a is exactly divisible by x2 – 3x – 4. Calculate the
values of a and b. What is the remainder when it is divided by x – 5 ?
Solution ( 2008 ရနးကုနး / No 54 )
Let f ( x ) = 2ax3 + 2bx2 – 5x + 4a
x2 – 3x – 4 is a factor of f ( x )
( x + 1 ) and ( x – 4 ) are the factors of f ( x ).
f(–1)=0
2
2a ( – 1 )3 + 2b ( – 1 ) – 5 ( – 1 ) + 4a = 0
– 2a + 2b + 5 + 4a = 0
2a + 2b = – 5  ( 1 )
f(4)=0
2a ( 4 )3 + 2b ( 4 )2 – 5 ( 4 ) + 4a = 0 ( တစးတနး့လုဵ့အာ့ 4 ်ဖငးံ စာ့ပါ၊ )
2
2a ( 4 ) + 2b ( 4 ) – 5 + a = 0
32a + 8b + a = 5
33a + 8b = 5  ( 2 )
33a + 8b = 5 (2)
(–) 8a + 8b = – 20  Eq ( 1 ) x 4
25a = 25
a = 1 in Eq ( 1 )
2 + 2b =–5
2b =–7
𝟕
b =–
𝟐
3 𝟕
f ( x ) = 2x + 2 (– )x – 5x + 4 = 2x3 – 7x2 – 5x + 4
2
𝟐
When f( x ) is divided by ( x – 5 ) , the remainder = f( 5 )
= 2 ( 5 )3 – 7( 5 )2 – 5 ( 5 ) + 4
= 2 ( 125 ) – 175 – 25 + 4
= 54
𝟕
Ans; a = 1 , b = – , The remainder = 54
𝟐
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70. If x + 2 is a factor of x3 – ax – 6 , then find the remainder when 2x3 + ax2 – 6x + 9 is
divided by ( x + 1 ). Ans; a = 7 , The remainder = 20 ( 2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 5 )
Solution
Let f( x ) = x3 – ax – 6
x + 2 is a factor of f( x )
f( – 2 ) = 0
( – 2 )3 – a ( – 2 ) – 6 = 0
– 8 + 2a – 6 = 0
2a – 14 = 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2a = 14
a=7
 2x3 + ax2 – 6x + 9 = 2x3 + 7x2 – 6x + 9
Let g ( x ) = 2x3 + 7x2 – 6x + 9
When g ( x ) is divided by ( x + 1 ) , the remainder = g ( – 1 )
= 2 ( – 1 )3 + 7 ( – 1 )2 – 6 ( – 1 ) + 9
= – 2 + 7 + 6 + 9 = 20
Ans; a = 7 , The remainder = 20
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71. x + 4 is a factor of f ( x ) = a ( x + 1 ) 2 + b ( x + 1 ) + 9. The remainder when f ( x ) is
divided by x + 3 is – 11. Find the value of a and b. Find also the solution set of the equation
f ( x ) = 0. ( 2014 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 7 ) ( 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 63 )
2
ေပ့ခ္ကး  x + 4 is a factor of f ( x ) = a ( x + 1 ) + b ( x + 1 ) + 9. The remainder when f ( x )
is divided by x + 3 is – 11.
ေမ့ခ္ကး  Find the value of a and b. Find also the solution set of the equation f ( x ) = 0.
Solution
f ( x ) = a ( x + 1 )2 + b ( x + 1 ) + 9.
x + 4 is a factor of f ( x )
f(–4)=0
a ( – 4 + 1 )2 + b ( – 4 + 1 ) + 9 = 0
a( – 3 )2 + b( – 3 ) + 9 = 0
9a – 3b = – 9
3a – b = – 3  ( 1 )
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 3 , the remainder is f ( – 3 )
f ( – 3 ) = – 11
a ( – 3 + 1 )2 + b ( – 3 + 1 ) + 9 = – 11
a( – 2 )2 + b( – 2 ) = – 20
4a – 2b = – 20
2a – b = – 10  ( 2 )
2a – b = – 10  ( 2 )
(–) 3a – b = – 3  ( 1 )
–a =– 7
a = 7 in Eq ( 1 )
3( 7 ) – b = – 3
b = 24
f(x)=0
7( x + 1 )2 + 24( x + 1 ) + 9 = 0
7( x2 + 2x + 1 ) + 24x + 24 + 9 = 0
7x2 + 14x + 7 + 24x + 33 = 0
7x2 + 38x + 40 = 0
( 7x + 10 )( x + 4 ) = 0
𝟏𝟎
x=– , x=–4
𝟕
𝟏𝟎
 The solution set = { – 4, – }
𝟕

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟎
Ans; a = 7 , b = 24 , The solution set = { – 4, – }
𝟕
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.f ( x ) = 8x3 – 12x2 + ax + 3 has a factor of 2x – 3. Find a and the solution set of f ( x ) = 0.
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
Ans; a = – 2 , The solution set = { , ,– } ( 2007 ပဲခူ့၊ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 68 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
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72.. The expression ax2 + bx – 1 leaves remainder of R when divided by x + 2 and a
remainder of 3R + 5 when divided by x – 3. Show that a = 3b – 1 . Given also that the
expression is exactly divisible by 2x – 1, evaluate a and b.
( 2013 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 - 2007 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 73 ) ( or )
The expression ax2 + bx – 1 leaves remainder of R when divided by x + 2 and a remainder
of 3R + 5 when divided by x – 3. Show that a – 3b + 1 = 0. ( 2003 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 102 )
ဤပုစာၦအာ့ R မ္ာ့ေနရာတျငးဆကးသျယးခ္ကးပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေမ့လာႏိုငးပုဵကို ေအာကးတျငးဥပမာအေန်ဖငးံေရ့်ပထာ့ပါသညး။
အထကးပါပုစာၦႏြစးပုဒးအေရ့အသာ့ကျာေသားလညး့သေဘာတရာ့အတူတူ်ဖစးသညး။မညးသို႔ေမ့ေမ့ ေ်ဖႏိုငးရပါမညး။
The remainder when the expression ax2 + bx – 1 is divided by x + 2 is 5 more than three
time of the remainder when it is divided by x – 3. Show that a = 3b – 1 . Given also that the
expression is exactly divisible by 2x – 1, evaluate a and b.
ေပ့ခ္ကး  ax2 + bx – 1 leaves remainder of R when divided by x + 2 and a remainder of

3R + 5 when divided by x – 3. the expression is exactly divisible by 2x – 1,
ေမ့ခ္ကး  Show that a = 3b – 1 , evaluate a and b
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ax2 + bx – 1
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2 and x – 3 , the remainders are f ( – 2 ) and f ( 3 ).
By given,
f(–2)=R
f ( 3 ) = 3R + 5
f ( 3 ) = 3f( – 2 ) + 5
a( 3 )2 + b( 3 ) – 1 = 3 (a( – 2 )2 + b( – 2 ) – 1) + 5
9a + 3b – 1 = 3 ( 4a – 2b – 1 ) + 5
9a + 3b = 12a – 6b – 3 + 6 = 12a – 6b + 3
9a + 3b = 12a – 6b + 3
6b + 3b – 3 = 12a – 9a
9b – 3 = 3a
a = 3b – 1  ( 1 )
f ( x ) = ( 3b – 1 )x2 + bx – 1
2x – 1 is a factor of f ( x )
𝟏
f( )=0
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
( 3b – 1 ) ( )2 + b( ) – 1 = 0
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
( 3b – 1 ) ( ) + b( ) – 1 = 0
𝟒 𝟐
3b – 1 + 2b – 4 = 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
5b – 5 = 0
b = 1 in Eq ( 1 )
a=3–1=2
Ans; a = 2 , b = 1
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1.The expression x2 + ax + b leaves remainder of p when divided by x – 1 and leaves a
remainder of p + 6 when divided by x – 2. Find the value of a.
Ans; a = 3 ( 2003 ရခိုငး / No 108 )
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( ii ) မသိကိနး့သုဵ့လုဵ့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
73. The expression 2x3 + bx2 – cx + d leaves the same remainders when divided by x – 1 or
x + 2 or 2x – 1. Evaluate b and c. Given also that the expression is exactly divisible by x – 2 ,
evaluate d.
Solution ( 2012 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 18 )
Let f (x ) = 2x3 + bx2 – cx + d
𝟏
When f( x ) is divided by x – 1 ,x + 2 and 2x – 1. the remainders are f( 1 ) , f( – 2 ) and f( )
𝟐
By given ,
𝟏
f(1)=f(–2)=f( )
𝟐
f(1)=f(–2)
2( 1 )3 + b( 1 )2 – c( 1 ) + d = 2( – 2 )3 + b( – 2 )2 – c( – 2 ) + d
2 + b – c = – 16 + 4b + 2c
3b + 3c = 18
b+c=6(1)
𝟏
f(–2)=f( )
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2( – 2 ) + b( – 2 )2 – c( – 2 ) + d = 2( )3 + b( )2 – c( ) + d
3
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
– 16 + 4b + 2c = ( ) + b( ) – c( )
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
– 64 + 16b + 8c = 1 + b – 2c
15b + 10b = 65
3b + 2b = 13  ( 2 )
3b + 2b = 13  ( 2 )
(–) 2b + 2c = 12  Eq ( 1 ) x 2
b = 1 in Eq ( 1 )
1 +c =6
c =5
 f (x ) = 2x3 + x2 – 5x + d
( x – 2 ) is a factor of f ( x )
f(2)=0
2( 2 )3 + ( 2 )2 – 5( 2 ) + d = 0
16 + 4 – 10 + d = 0
d = – 10
Ans; b = 1 , c = 5 , d = – 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1. The expression 2x3 + bx2 – cx + d leaves the same remainders when divided by x + 1 or
x –2 or 2x – 1. Evaluate b and c. Given also that the expression is exactly divisible by x + 2 ,
evaluate d. Ans; b = – 3 , c = 3 , d = 22 ( 2006 ပဲခူ့ / No 78 )
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74. Given that the expression x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by
x – 1 or x + 2, prove that a = b + 3 . Given also that the remainder is 3 when the expression
is divided by x + 1. Calculate the value of c. ( 2007 မႏၱေလ့ / No 65 )
( ဤပုစာၦသညး Remainder/ Factor ေရာရာပုစာၦမဟုတးေသားလညး့ ပုဵစဵသေဘာတရာ့တူသ်ဖငးံ ဤအုပးစုထဲ
တျငး ထညးံသျငး့ထာ့ရ်ခငး့ ်ဖစးသညး။ ဤပုစာၦသညးတျကးရမခကးေသားလညး့ ေက္ာငး့သာ့အခ္ဳိ႕အတျကး မ္ကးေစံ
ေမြာကးေစႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ သတိထာ့ရမညး်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  x3 + ax2 + bx + c leaves the same remainder when divided by x – 1 or x + 2 ,
the remainder is 3 when the expression is divided by x + 1.
ေမ့ခ္ကး  prove that a = b + 3
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c
By given,
f ( 1 ) = f ( – 2 ).
1 + a + b + c = ( – 2 )3 + a( – 2 )2 + b( – 2 ) + c
1 + a + b = – 8 + 4a – 2b
3a = 9 + 3b
a=b+3
f ( x ) = x3 + ( b + 3 )x2 + bx + c
When f( x ) is divided by x + 1 , the remainder = f ( – 1 )
f(–1)=3
( – 1 )3 + ( b + 3 ) ( – 1 )2 + b( – 1 ) + c = 3
–1+b+3–b+c=3
–1+c=0
c= 1
Ans; c = 1
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1. Given that the expression 2x3 + bx2 – cx + d leaves the same remainder when divided by
x + 1 or x – 2 or 2x – 1, find the values b and c. Given also that the expression is exactly
divisible by x + 2 , evaluate d. Ans; b = – 3 , c = 3 , d = 22( 2010 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 36 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.The expression x3+ ax2+ bx + c is divisible by both x and x – 3 and leaves a remainder of
– 40 when divided by x + 2 . Find the value of a, of b and of c , hence factorize the
expression completely.
Ans; a = –5 ,b = 6 ,c = 0 ,f( x ) = x( x – 2 )( x – 3 )( 2010 ႏုိငးငဵ်ခာ့/No 42 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. The expression ax3 – (a + 3b)x2 + 2bx + c is divisible by x2 – 2x. When the expression is
divided by x – 1, the remainder is 8 more than when it is divided by x + 1. Find the value of
a,b and c , hence factorize the expression completely.

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Ans; a = 2 , b = 1 , c = 0 , f ( x ) = x ( x – 2 ) ( 2x – 1 ) ( 2016 ႏုိငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 4 )
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( iii ) စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iv ) တညးကိနး့ေရာ စာ့ကိနး့ပါ မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( 5 marks )
75. Given that x3 + 4x2 – ax + b is exactly divisible by x + 2 , but leave a remainder a3 when
divided by x – a, calculate the values of a and b. ( 2002 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 116 )
ေပ့ခ္ကး  x3 + 4x2 – ax + b is exactly divisible by x + 2 , but leaves a remainder a3 when
divided by x – a,
ေမ့ခ္ကး  the values of a and b
Solution
Let f ( x ) = x3 + 4x2 – ax + b
x + 2 is a factor of f ( x ).
f(–2)=0
( – 2 )3 + 4( – 2 )2 – a( – 2 ) + b = 0
– 8 + 16 + 2a + b = 0
2a + b = – 8  ( 1 )
When f ( x ) is divided by x – a, the remainder is f ( a )
f ( a ) = a3
a3 + 4a2 – a2 + b = a3
3a2 + b = 0
b = – 3a2 in Eq ( 1 )
2a – 3a2 = – 8
3a2 – 2a – 8 = 0
(3a+4)(a–2)=0
𝟒
a=– ( or ) a = 2
𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
if a = – , b = – 3a2 = – 3( – ) 2 = –
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
If a = 2 , b = – 3a2 = – 3( 2 ) 2 = – 12
𝟒 𝟏𝟔
Ans; a = – ,b=– or a = 2 , b = – 12
𝟑 𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 4 )တညးကိနး့ႏြစးခု စာ့ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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( ii ) စာ့ကိနး့မသိကိနး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( 3 marks )
76.If ( kx + 1 ) is a common factor of 2x2 + 7x + 3 and 2x2 – 5x – 3, find the value of k and

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
the remainder 2x3 + x2 – 8x – 9 is divided by x + k.

Ans; k = 2 , The remainder = 15( 2014 ကခ္ငး / No 8 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.Given that x + p is a common factor of x2 + 2x – 15 and 2x2 – 5x – 3, then find the value of
p and the remainder 3x3 – 4x2 – 5x + 6 is divided by x – p.
Ans; k = – 3 , The remainder = – 96 ( 2012 ဧရာွတီ / No 16 )
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77.Given that f ( x ) = 2 g( x ) + 1 and x + 2 is a factor of g ( x ). Find the remainder when
f ( x ) is divided by x + 2.
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78.When ax2 + bx – c is divided by x + 2 and x – 2 , the remainders are – 7 and 5 , and x – 1
is a factor of the expression. Find the remainder when 3c2– 3ac − 8a – 27 is divided by
c–a–3
Solution
Let f ( x ) = ax2 + bx – c
When f ( x ) is divided by x + 2 and x – 2 , the remainders are f (– 2 ) and f ( 2 )
f (– 2 ) = – 7
4a − 2b – c = – 7  ( 1 )
f(2)=5
4a + 2b – c = 5  ( 2 )
4a − 2b – c = – 7  ( 1 )
(− ) 4a + 2b – c = 5  ( 2 )
− 4b = − 12
b = 3
 f ( x ) = ax2 + 3x – c
f(1)=0
a+3–c=0
c=a+3
Let g ( c ) = 3c2 – 3ac − 8a – 27
c–a–3=c–(a+3)
When g ( c ) is divided by c – ( a + 3 ) , the remainder = g ( a + 3 )
= 3( a + 3 )2 – 3a( a + 3 ) − 8a – 27
= 3( a2+ 6a + 9 ) – ( 3a2+ 9a ) − 8a – 27
2 2
= 3a + 18a + 27 – 3a − 9a − 8a – 27
= 18a − 17a = a
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 3 )
the binomial
theorem

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 3 )
The Binomial Theorem
Binomial ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲဆိုသညးကို မေလံလာခငး ေအာကးပါ ကိနး့သေဘာတရာ့မ္ာ့ သိထာ့ရနးလိုပါသညး။
ကိနး့စနစးအမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့
အေ်ခခဵပညာအထကးတနး့အဆငးံတျငး သုဵ့သညးံ ကိနး့စစးစနစး ( Real Number System ) ကို ကိးနး့စနစး
အမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ ်ဖငးံ ဖျဲ႕စညး့ထာ့သညး။ ၁ငး့တို႔မြာ
( 1 ) စုဵကိနး့စနစး ( even numbers System )
( 2 ) မကိနး့စနစး ( odd numbers System )
( 3 ) သဘာွကိနး့စနစး ( Natural numbers System ) စုဵကိနး့အစုႏြငမ
းံ ကိနး့အစု ေႏြာထာ့ေသာအစု
( 4 ) အ်ပညးံကိနး့စနစး ( Whole numbers System )
( 5 ) ကိနး့်ပညးံစနစး ( Integers System )
( 6 ) ရာရြငးနယးကိနး့စနစး ( Rational numbers System )
( 7 ) အီရာရြငးနယးကိနး့စနစး ( Irrational numbers System )
ကိနး့ပုဵစဵ ဿ မ္ဳိ့
ကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့အဓိကအာ့်ဖငးံ ပုဵစဵ ဿ မ္ဳိ့ချဲ်ခာႏိုငးသညး။၁ငး့တို႔မြာ ( 1 ) သိကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ( 2 ) မသိကိနး့ တို႔်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။
( 1 ) သိကိနး့ကို Constant Number ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
( 2 ) မသိကိနး့ကို ( i ) ကိနး့ေသမသိကိနး့ ( unknown constant number ) ႏြငးံ
( ii ) ကိနး့ရြငးမသိကိနး့ ( unknown variable number ) ဟု
ထပးမဵချဲ်ခာ့မြတးသာ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binomial ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ ?
Monomial
( 1 )တစးလုဵ့ ( သို႔ ) တစးလုဵ့ထကးပိုေသာမသိကိနး့မ္ာ့၏ေ်မြာကးလဒးကို ကိနး့တစးလုဵ့တညး့ပုဵစဵေရထာ့လ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ
ဥပမာ  x , ab , cdef , xyz , k
( 2 ) အဆိုပါ ေ်မြာကးလဒးကို သိကိနး့တစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးထာ့ေသာ ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးေစ
𝟏
ဥပမာ  2x , ab ,  cdef , 𝟑xyz , 2.31 k
𝟓
(3) သိကိနး့တစးလုဵ့တညး့ေရ့ထာ့ေသာ ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးေစ
ဥပမာ  2x0 = 2 , 15 y0 = 15
အထကးပါ ပုဵစဵတစးခုခု်ဖငးံ ေရ့ထာ့ေသာ ကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို Monomial မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Binomial
Monomial ႏြစးခုကို အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ခဵ်ပီ့ေရ့ထာ့လ္ြငး Binomial
𝟏
Monomial + Monomial = Binomial  2x + 3y , 2a + ab
𝟓
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trinomial
Monomial သုဵ့ခုကို အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ခဵ်ပီ့ေရ့ထာ့လ္ြငး Trinomial
𝟏
Monomial + Monomial + Monomial = Triinomial  2x + 3y + 5z , 2a + ab + 0.2 abc
𝟓

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
မ္ာ့ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
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Polynomial
Monomial ေလ့ခုႏြငးံ အထကးကို်ဖစးေစ Monomial ေပါငး့လဒးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ကို်ဖစးေစ Polynomial မ္ာ့ဟု
ေခၚပါသညး။
အထကးပါ အေခၚအေွၚမ္ာ့ကို ရြငး့ရြငး့လငး့လငး့ နာ့လညး်ပီဆိုလ္ြငး Binomial ႏြငးံ ပတးသတးသညးံ
အေခၚအေွၚမ္ာ့ကို ဆကးလကးေလံလာပါမညး။
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( 1 ) Binomial
Monomial ႏြစးခုကို အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ခဵ်ပီ့ေရ့ထာ့လ္ြငး Binomial ဟုေခၚပါသညး
1
ဥပမာ  2x + 3y , 2a + ab
5
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( 2 ) Exponential form of a Binomial ( Binomial တစးခု၏ ထပးညႊနး့ပုဵစဵ ) ( သို႔ )
Binomial Exponential Number ( Binomial ထပးကိနး့ )
Binomial တစးခု၏ အေပၚထပး ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ တစးခုခုထပး်ပီ့ေရ့သာ့ထာ့်ခငး့အာ့ Binomial တစးခု၏
ထပးညႊနး့ပုဵစဵ ( Binomial Exponential form ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
ဥပမာ  ( x + y )2
1 Binomial Exponential form
( 2a + b )10
5
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( 3 ) Expansion form of a Binomial Exponent ( Binomial ထပးကိနး့တစးခု၏ အက္ယးဖျငးံပုဵစဵ )( သို႔ )
Binomial Expansion ( Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကး )
Binomial တစးခု၏ အေပၚထပး ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ တစးခုခုထပး်ပီ့ေရ့သာ့ထာ့်ခငး့ကို အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္လိုကးသညးံပုဵစဵ
အာ့ Binomial ထပးကိနး့တစးခု၏ အက္ယးဖျငးံပုဵစဵ ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
Binomial (x + y )2 = x2 + 2xy + y2 Binomial

Exponential form ( x + y )3 = x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2+ y3 Expension
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( 4 ) Binomial Expression ( Binomial ေဖား်ပခ္ကး )
အထကးပါ နဵပါတး 3 ပုဵစဵႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့အာ့ Binomial Expression ဟုေခၚပါသညး။
Binomial Binomial Binomial

Exponential form Expression Expension
(x + y )2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
( x + y )3 = x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2+ y3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထူ့သတိထာ့ရနး
ေက္ာငး့့သာ့မ္ာ့အေန်ဖငးံ အထကးပါ အေခၚအေွၚ 4 ခုအာ့ ေရာေထျ့စျာ မြတးသာ့မထာ့မိရနးလိုပါသညး။
ဥပမာ  ( x + y )3 = x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2 + y3 ဆိုေသာေဖား်ပခ္ကးမြ
( 1 ) x + y သညး Binomial တစးခုသာ်ဖစးသညး။ Binomial Exponential form လညး့မဟုတးပါ။
Binomial Expansion လညး့မဟုတးပါ။ Binomial Expression လညး့မဟုတးပါ။
( 2 ) ( x + y )3 သညး Binomial Exponential form တစးခုသာ်ဖစးသညး။ Binomial မဟုတးပါ။
Binomial Expansion လညး့မဟုတးပါ။ Binomial Expression လညး့မဟုတးပါ။
( 3 ) x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2 + y3 သညး Binomial Expansion တစးခုသာ်ဖစးသညး။ Binomial မဟုတးပါ။
Binomial Exponential form လညး့မဟုတးပါ။ Binomial Expression လညး့မဟုတးပါ။
( 4 ) ( x + y )3 = x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2 + y3 သညး Binomial Expression တစးခုသာ်ဖစးသညး။
Binomial မဟုတးပါ။ Binomial Exponent လညး့မဟုတးပါ။ Binomial Expansion လညး့မဟုတးပါ။
Binomial Expression
Binomial
3
(x+y) = x3 + 3x2y + 2xy2 + y3 Binomial Expansion
Binomial Exponential form
Binomial Expansion ( Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကး )

Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးမ္ာ့အတျကး ပုဵစဵႏြငးံ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာကို ေအာကးပါဇယာ့တျငး ေဖား်ပထာ့ပါသညး။
ကိးနး့ အ
Binomial ထပး Binomial Expansion လုဵ့ လယး
Exponent ညႊနး့ ( Binomial အက္ယးဖျငခးံ ္ကး )
ေရ ကိးနး့
(x+y) 1 x+y 2 မရြိ
( x + y )2 2 x2 + 2xy + y2 3 2nd
( x + y )3 3 3 4 မရြိ
x3 + 3x2y+ 3xy2+ y
( x + y )4 4 x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4 5 3rd
( x + y )5 5 x5 + 5x4y + 10x3y2 + 10x2y3 + 5xy4 + y5 6 မရြိ
( x + y )6 6 x6 + 6x5y + 15x4y2 + 20x3y3 + 15x2y4 + 6xy5 + y6 7 4th

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အထကးပါ အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးဇယာ့ေလ့မြ
n
Binomial တစးခု၏ ထပးည ႊနး့ပုဵစဵ  ( x + y ) ဆိုေသာပုဵစဵေလ့ အာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံလ္ြငး Binomial
အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးတျငး ေရြ႕ကိနး့ x ၏ ထပးညျနး့တနးဖို့ေလ့မြာ 1 စီ ေလ္ာံသျာ့ေသာ အစီအစဥး ရြိ်ပီ့ ေနာကးကိနး့ y
၏ထပးညျနး့တနးဖို့ေလ့မြာ 1 စီ တုိ့လာေသာ အစီအစဥးရြိေနသညးကို ေတျရမညး်ဖစးပါသညး။ ေအာကးတျငး
Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးတစးခ၏ ု ထူ့်ခာ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ကိုေဖား်ပေပ့ထာ့ပါသညး။
Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကး၏ထူ့်ခာ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့
Binomial ထပးကိနး့ - ( x + y )n တစးခအ
ု ာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံလ္ြငး
(1) အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးရြိ ထပးညျနး့တနးဖို့ေလ့မြာ 1 စီ ေလ္ာံသျာ့ေသာ အစီအစဥး ရြိသညး။
(2) ေရြ႕ကိနး့သညး အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးရြိ ေနာကးဆုဵ့မြ ဒုတိယေ်မာကးကိနး့လုဵ့အထိသာ ပါပါမညး။
(3) အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးရြိ ေနာကးကိနး့၏ ထပးညျနး့တနးဖို့ေလ့မြာ 1 စီ တုိ့လာေသာ အစီအစဥးရြိသညး။
(4) ေနာကးကိနး့သညး အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးရြိ ဒုတိယေ်မာကးကိနး့လုဵ့တျငးမြ စေရ့ရပါမညး။
(5) အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးရြိကိနး့လုဵ့တစးလုဵ့ခ္ငး့စီရြိ ေရြ႕ကိနး့ထပးညႊနး့ႏြငးံ ေနာကးကိနး့ထပးညႊနး့မ္ာ့ ေပါငး့ပါက
Binomial ၏ ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ ်ပနးရသညး။
( 6 ) အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးရြိ ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးမြာ Binomial ၏ ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ထကး 1 ပိုမ္ာ့သညး။
( တနညး့အာ့်ဖငးံ ကိနး့လုဵ့အေရအတျကးကိုလိုခ္ငးရငး ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ကို 1 ေပါငး့ )
( 7 ) ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ “စု”ဵ ်ဖစးေနေသာ ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရ “မ” လုဵ့ ်ဖစးေနေသာ အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးမ္ာ့တျငးသာ
အလယးကိနး့ ရြိပါမညး။ ( အလယးကိနး့လိုခ္ငးရငး ထပးညႊနး့ ကို 2 နဲ႔စာ့ 1 ေပါငး့ )
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n
Binomial တစးခု၏ ထပးညႊနး့ပုဵစအ ဵ ာ့ ( x + y ) ဆိုေသာေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵေလ့အ်ဖစးမြတးထာ့ႏိုငးေသားလညး့
x ႏြငးံ y တို႔ ေနရာတျငး a,b ( သို႔ ) p,q စသညး်ဖငးံ မသိကိနး့ တနးဖို့ အမ္ဳိ့မ္ဳိ့ ေ်ပာငး့ႏိုငးသ်ဖငးံ x + y အစာ့
“ေရြ႕ကိနး့ + ေနာကးကိနး့”
ထပးညႊနး့ေနရာတျငးလညး့ အဂၤလိပးအကၡရာ “n” ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငးေသားလညး့ n ေနရာတျငး p, q , r စသညး်ဖငးံ
အ်ခာ့ေသာ အဂၤလိပးအကၡရာမ္ာ့ဖလြယးသုဵ့စျဲချငးံရြိသ်ဖငးံ “ n ” အစာ့ “ထပးညျနး့” ဟု
n
ပို်ပီ့ေယဘုယ္ဆနးေသာပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံမြတးထာ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး။ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ( x + y ) ဆိုေသာေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵေလ့ေနရာ
တျငး
( ေရြ႕ကိန း့ + ေနာကးကိန း့)ထပးည ႊနး့
ဆိုသညးံ ပို်ပီ့ေယဘုယ္ဆနးေသာ ပုဵစဵေလ့အာ့ နာ့လညးမြတးသာ့ထာ့ႏိုငးလ္ြငးေတာံ ပိုေကာငး့ပါသညး။

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Pascal’s Triangle
အထကးပါဇယာ့မြ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ သီ့်ခာ့ချဲထုတး်ပီ့ ပုဵစဵတစးခုခ္ၾကညးံလ္ြငး ေအာကးအလႊာရြိ
ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ အေပၚအတနး့ရြိေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့မြတစးဆငးံရြာယူႏိုငးသညးံ ၾတိဂပ
ဵ ုဵစဵ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့
အစီအစဥးေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။ ၁ငး့ထူ့်ခာ့ခ္ကးကို ်ပငးသစးသခ္ၤာပညာရြငး ဘလိဇးပါစကယး ( Blaise Pascal ) မြ
ရြာေတျ႕ခဲံသ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ကိုဂုဏး်ပဳသညးံအေန်ဖငးံ အဆိုပါေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ၾတိဂဵကို Pascal’s Triangle ဟုေခၚသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
Pascal‟s Triangle
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ေနာကးကိန း့ အႏႈတးတနးဖ ို့်ဖစးေ နေသာBinomial ထပးကိန း့ - ( x – y )n တစးခ ုအ ာ့ အက္ယးဖ ျင းံ်ခငး့
အႏႈတးတနးဖို့်ဖစးေနေသာ Binomial ထပးကိနး့တစးခုအာ့အက္ယးဖျငးံလိုသညးံအခါ ်ပဳလုပးရမညးံအဆငးံ
မ္ာ့ကို ေအာကးတျငး တျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး။
( x + y )4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4

( x – y )4 = ?
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ေနာကးကိနး့တနးဖို့အာ့ အေပါငး့ပုဵစဵ အရငးေ်ပာငး့
( x – y )4 = ( x + ( – y ) )4 = x4 + 4x3( – y ) + 6x2( – y )2 + 4x( – y )3 + ( – y )4
= x4 – 4x3y + 6x2y2 – 4xy3 + y4
ဤတနးဖို့ႏြစးခုအာ့ ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးၾကညးံသညးံအခါ
( x + y )4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4
( x – y )4 = x4 – 4x3y + 6x2y2 – 4xy3 + y4
အႏႈတးတနးဖို့ေဆာငး Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးသညး အေပါငး့တနးဖို့ေဆာငး Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးႏြငးံ
တနးဖို့တူညီ်ပီ့ လကၡဏာမြာသာ အေပါငး့တစးလြညးံ အႏႈတးတစးလြညးံ ်ဖစးေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရပါမညး။
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Special Case ( သီ့်ခာ့ကိစၥမ္ာ့ )
အကယး၍ binomial ကိုဖျဲ႕စညး့ထာ့ေသာကိနး့ႏြစးခုအနကး ေရြ႕ကိနး့်ဖစးေစ၊ေနာကးကိနး့်ဖစးေစ တစးခုခုမြ
1 ်ဖစးေနေသာအခါ သီ့်ခာ့ကိစၥ တစးခုအေန်ဖငးံ ထာ့တျကးပါသညး။
Case ( I )
( 1 + x )4 = 1 + 4x + 6x2 + 4x3 + x4
( 1 – x )4 = 1 – 4x + 6x2 – 4x3 + x4

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Case ( II )
( x + 1 )4 = x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1
( x – 1 )4 = x4 – 4x3 + 6x2 – 4x + 1
Case ( I )  မသိကိနး့ x သညး ေနာကးတျငးရြိပါက ထပးညႊနး့အရ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့တနး့ခ္ေရ့်ပီ့
x ထပးညႊနး့မ္ာ့ ဒုတိယကိနး့မြစ်ပီ့ ငယးစဥးႀကီ့လိုကးေရ့
Case ( II )  မသိကိနး့ x သညး ေရြ႕တျငးရြိပါက ထပးညႊနး့အရ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့တနး့ခ္ေရ့်ပီ့
x ထပးညႊနး့မ္ာ့ ဒုတိယကိနး့မြစ်ပီ့ ႀကီ့စဥးငယးလိုကးေရ့
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Pascal’s Triangle ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့ Combination ပုဵစဵ ( nCr ) ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖငးံ
အစာ့ထို့်ခငး့
Pascal’s Triangle ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို Binomial ေ်ခာကးထပးရြာ်ခငး့အထိ အလျတးက္ကး်ပီ့

သုဵ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။ Pascal’s Triangle ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့၏ အဓိကအာ့နညး့ခ္ကးတစးခုမြာ ေအာကးအတနး့ရြိ
ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ မ္ာ့ကိုရရနး အေပၚအတနး့ရြိေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို ေပါငး့ေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ အေပၚအတနး့ရြိ
ဆငးံကဲဆငးံကဲ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ကိုသိထာ့ရနး လိုအပး်ခငး့ပငး ်ဖစးသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့
ႀကီ့မာ့ေသာ Binomial မ္ာ့အာ့ အေပၚအတနး့ရြိ ဆငးံကဲေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့အာ့မမြီခိုပဲ အက္ယးဖျငးံရနး
အတျကး ပိုမိုအဆငးေ်ပေသာ နညး့လမး့ဖနးတီ့ဖို႔ လိုအပးလာပါသညး။ ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ Pascal’s Triangle
ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့်ပငးေရ့ပါမညး။
1 1 ရို့ရို့ ပုဵစဵ
( x + y )1
𝟏
1 1= ်ပငးယူထာ့သညးံ ပုဵစဵ
𝟏
1 2 1
2
(x+y)
𝟐 𝟐𝐱𝟏
1 =2 =1
𝟏 𝟏𝐱𝟐
1 3 3 1
( x + y )3
𝟑 𝟑𝐱𝟐 𝟑𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟏
1 =3 =3 =1
𝟏 𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
1 4 6 4 1
4
(x+y)
𝟒 𝟒𝐱𝟑 𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐 𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟏
1 =4 =6 =4 =1
𝟏 𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
အထကးပါ ်ပငးယူထာ့သညးံ ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့အနကးမြ ( x + y )4 ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ကို ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့

ထပးေ်ပာငး့ယူမညးဆိုလ္ြငး

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( x + y )4
𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟏 ပိုငး့ေဝ  4 မြ 4 ဆငးံ ဆငး့သညး။

1 =1 4C
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 4
ပိုငး့ေျခ  1 မြ 4 အထိ တကးသညး။
𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐 ပိုငး့ေဝ  4 မြ 3 ဆငးံ ဆငး့သညး။

4 =4 4C
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 3
𝟒𝐱𝟑 ပိုငး့ေဝ  4 မြ 2 ဆငးံ ဆငး့သညး။

6 =6 4C
𝟏𝐱𝟐 2
𝟒 ပိုငး့ေဝ  4 မြ 1 ဆငးံ ဆငး့သညး။

4 =4 4C
𝟏 1
1 1
𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐
ဤတျငး 4C3 ဆိုေသာ သေကၤတေလ့သညး ဆိုေသာအက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးေလ့၌
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
ပိုငး့ေွအတျကးဆိုလ္ြငး 4 ေလ့သညး ပိုငး့ေွရြိ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ကိုရညးညႊနး့်ပီ့ 3 ေလ့သညး ဆငး့ရမညးံအဆငးံကို
ရညးညႊနး့သညး။ ဥပမာ 4C3  ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး 4 မြ 3 ဆငးံဆငး့
ပိုငး့ေ်ခအတျကးဆိုလ္ြငး 3 ေလ့သညး 1 မြစ်ပီ့ တကးလာရမညးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့ကို ရညးညႊနး့သညး။

ဥပမာ 4C3  ပိုငး့ေျခတျငး 1 မြ 3 အထိ တကး
ဤမြတစးဆငးံ ( x + y )4 အတျကး ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ပုဵစဵကို ေအာကးပါအတုိငး့ အဆငးံဆငးံေ်ပာငး့ယူႏိုငးသညး။
( x + y )4 = ( 1 ) x 4 + ( 4 ) x 4 y + ( 6 ) x3y3 + ( 4 ) x2y3 + ( 1 ) y4
𝟒 𝟒𝐱𝟑 𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐 𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟏
( x + y )4 = x4 + x4y + x3y3 + x2y3 + y4
𝟏 𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
( x + y )4 = ( 1 ) x 4 + 4
C1 x4y + 4
C2 x3y3 + 4
C3 x2y3 + 4
C4 y4
အထကးပါ ပုဵစဵေလ့တျငး 4C1 , 4C2 , 4C3 , 4C4 စသညးံ သေကၤတေလ့မ္ာ့ကို Combination Coefficient
( Combination ပုဵစဵ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ ) ဟု ေခၚ်ပီ့ ၁ငး့တို႔၏ အက္ယးဖျငးံပုဵစဵကို ေလံလာၾကညးံရေအာငး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
n
Combination ပုဵစဵ တစးခုအာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံ်ခငး့( သို႔ ) Cr အာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံ်ခငး့
n
Combination ( Cr ) ပုဵစဵတစးခုအာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
( i ) အပိုငး့ကိနး့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပေပ့ရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့
( ii ) ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး n မြ r ဆငးံ ဆငး့ေပ့ရမညး ်ဖစး်ပီ့
( iii ) ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး 1 မြ r အထိ တကးသျာ့ေပ့ရမညး ်ဖစးသညး။
5 𝟓𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟑
ဥပမာ - C3  ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး 5 မြ 3 ဆငးံ ဆငး့ - ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး 1 မြ 3 အထိ တကး 
7 𝟕𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒
C  ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး 7 မြ 4 ဆငးံ ဆငး့ - ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး 1 မြ 4 အထိ တကး 
4 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
n 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 ( 𝒏−𝟐 )
C3  ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး n မြ 3 ဆငးံ ဆငး့ - ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး 1 မြ 3 အထိ တကး 
n 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏
C2  ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး n မြ 2 ဆငးံ ဆငး့ - ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး 1 မြ 2 အထိ တကး 
𝟏𝐱𝟐
Some property of Combination value.
4 𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟏 𝟑𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟏 𝟐𝐱𝟏 𝟏
(i) C4 = = 1 , 3C3 = = 1 , 2C2 = = 1 , 1C1 = =1
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏
အထကးပါ ဥပမာမ္ာ့အရ Combination value တစးခုတင
ျ း အေပၚတနးဖို့ႏြငးံေအာကးတနးဖို့တူေနပါက 1 ရသညး
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာသညး။
n
Cn = 1 အေပၚေအာကးတူရငး 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 𝟒 3 𝟑 2 𝟐 1 𝟏
( ii ) C1 = = 4 , C1 = = 3 , C1 = = 2, C1 = = 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
အထကးပါ ဥပမာမ္ာ့အရ Combination value တစးခုတျငး ေအာကးတနးဖို့ 1 ်ဖစးေနပါကအေပၚတနးဖို့ရသညး
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာသညး။
n
C1 = n ေအာကး 1 ဆိုရငး အေပၚတနးဖို့
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 𝟔
( iii ) C = = 6
1 𝟏
6 𝟔𝐱𝟓
C2 =
𝟏𝐱𝟐
6 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒
C =
3 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
6 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟑 𝟔𝐱𝟓 6
C4 = = အေပၚေအာကး တူေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ cancel လုပးလ္ြငး = = C2
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟏𝐱𝟐
6 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐 𝟔 6
C5 = = အေပၚေအာကး တူေသာတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ cancel လုပးလ္ြငး = = C1
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓 𝟏
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
6 6
အထကးပါ ဥပမာတျငး C မြ C3 အထိ ေအာကးတနးဖို့ 1 မြ 3 အတျငး့ cancel လုပးစရာမလိုပဲ
1
( ဤတျငး 3 သညး 6 ၏ တစးဝကး်ဖစး်ပီ့ 1 , 2 တို႔သညး 6 ၏ တစးဝကးေအာကး ငယးသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစးသညး )
6 6
C4 မြ C5 အထိ ေအာကးတနးဖို့ 4 ႏြငးံ အထကးကို cancel လုပးေပ့်ပီ့တျကးသညးံအခါ ေရ့ရသညးံတနးဖို့
နညး့သညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး ်ဖစးသညး။
( ဤတျငး 4 , 5 တို႔သညး 6 ၏ တစးဝကးတနးဖို့ 3 ထကး ၾကီ့ေနသညးကို ေတျ႕ရမညး်ဖစးသညး )

6 6 6 6 6
C4 = C2 = C6 – 4  C4 = C6 – 4
6 6 6 6
C = C = C  C = 6C
5 1 6–5 4 6–5
ဤပုဵစဵေလ့မြတစးဆငးံ Combination value တစးခုတျငး ေအာကးတနးဖို့သညး အေပၚတနးဖို့ တစးွကးထကး

ၾကီ့ေနသညးံ အေ်ခအေနတျငး အေပၚတနးဖို့မြ ေအာကးတနးဖို့ကိုႏႈတးေပ့ရမညး ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာသညး။
n 𝒏 ေအာကးတနးဖို့က အေပၚတစးွကးထကးၾကီ့ရငး
Cr = nCn – r if r 
𝟐 အေပၚထဲက ေအာကးႏႈတး
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( iv ) အထကးပါ ပုဵစဵေလ့မြတစးဆငးံ ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ဆကးရလာမညး။
6 6 6
C6 = C6 – 6 = C0  6C0 = 6C6 = 1
5 5 5
C5 = C5 – 5 = C0  5C0 = 5C5 = 1
4 4 4
C = C = C  4C = 4C = 1 ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ဆကးရလာမညး။ ၁ငး့ကို ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ
4 4–4 0 0 4
ေဖား်ပလ္ြငး
n ေအာကး 0 ဆိုလ္ြငး 1
C0 = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ပုဵစဵနဵပါတး ( iv ) အာ့ ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵမြ ထုတးယူမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
If ( i ) nCn = 1 and ( iii ) nCr = nCn – r
n
Cn = nCn – n = n
C0  by ( iii )
n
If Cn = 1 , nC0 = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ထုိ႔ေၾကာငးံ ( x + y )4 အာ့ ပုဵစဵအ်ပညးံအစုဵ အ်ဖစးေရ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
( x + y )4 = ( 1 ) x 4 + 4
C1 x4y + 4
C2 x3y3 + 4
C3 x2y3 + 4
C4 y4
( x + y )4 = 4
C0 x4 + 4
C1 x4y + 4
C2 x3y3 + 4
C3 x2y3 + 4
C4 y4

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။ ဤတျငး x0 , y0 တို႔၏ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ x0 = 1 , y0 = 1 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ထိုတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ပါ

်ဖညးံေရ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး
( x + y )4 = 4
C0 x4 y0 + 4
C1 x4y + 4
C2 x3y3 + 4
C3 x2y3 + 4
C4 x0 y4
ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵအ်ပညးံအစုဵေလ့ရလာပါမညး။ ထို႔အတူက္နးေသာေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ကိုလညး့ ေအာကးပါအတိုငး့
n
C ပုဵစဵေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖငးံအစာ့ထို့သုဵ့စဲျပါက ပိုမိုအဆငးေ်ပသကးသာေစပါသညး။ ေအာကးပါဇယာ့တျငး
r
n
Pascal’s ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့အစာ့ Cr ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖငးံ အစာ့ထို့်ခငး့ကိုေဖား်ပထာ့ ပါသညး။
Binomial ထပးညႊနး့ n
C ပုဵစဵ ( Combination ပုဵစဵ )
r
1
(x+y) 1 C0 x1 y0+ 1C1 x0y1
( x + y )2 2 2
C0 x2 y0+ 2C1 x1y1 + 2C2 x0 y2
( x + y )3
3
3 C0 x3 y0+ 3C1 x2y1+ 3C2 x1y2+ 3C3 x0y3
( x + y )4
4
4 C0 x4 y0+ 4C1 x3y1+ 4C2 x2y2+ 4C3 x1y3+ 4C4 x0y4
( x + y )5 5 5
C x5 y0+ 5C x4y1 + 5C x3y2+ 5C x2y3+ 5C x1y4+ 5C x0y5
0 1 2 3 4 5
n
Cr ပုဵစဵ ( Combination ပုစ
ဵ ဵ ) အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကး၏ ထူ့်ခာ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့
( 1 ) C အေပၚရြိ တနးဖို့အာ့လုဵ့သညး Binomial ၏ ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာသာ ်ဖစးသညး။
5 5 5 0 5 4 1 5 3 2 5 2 3 5
ဥပမာ  ( x + y ) = C x y + C x y + C x y + C x y + C x y + C x y
1 4 5 0 5
0 1 2 3 4 5
( 2 ) C ေအာကးေ်ခရြိ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့သညး အႀကိမးေ်မာကးထကး 1 ေလ္ာံေနသညး။

5 5 5 0 5 4 1 5 3 2 5 2 3 5 1 4 5 0 5
ဥပမာ  ( x + y ) = C x y + C x y + C x y + C x y + C x y + C x y
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 ႀကိမး 2 ႀကိမး 3 ႀကိမး 4 ႀကိမး 5 ႀကိမး 6 ႀကိမး

ေ်မာကးကိနး့ ေ်မာကးကိနး့ ေ်မာကးကိနး့ ေ်မာကးကိနး့ ေ်မာကးကိနး့ ေ်မာကးကိနး့
( 3 ) အက္ယးဖျငးံ ကိနး့လုဵ့တစးခုခ္ငး့စီရြိ x ၏ ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ C ၏ အေပၚတနးဖို့ထဲမြ ေအာကးတနးဖို့ကို

ႏႈတး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ ရရြိသညး။
( 4 ) အက္ယးဖျငးံကိနး့လုဵ့တစးခုခ္ငး့စီရြိ y ၏ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့မြာ C ၏ ေအာကးတနးဖို့ကို ယူထာ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။
အထကးပါထူ့်ခာ့ခ္ကး ၁ ခုမြတစးဆငးံ Binomial အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးတစးခုရြိ ရြာလိုရာအၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့လုဵ့အာ့

တနး့ရြာႏိုငးသညးံ ေအာကးပါ ေဖား်မဴလာေလ့ရလာသညး။
n n n–r r
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y ) = Cr x y
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 1 ) Binomial ထပးကိနး့တစးခုကို အက္ယးဖျငးံခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a )Binomial ထပးကိနး့တစးခုကို အက္ယးဖျငးံခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖစးပါက ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ 6 ထပး

ေအာကးဆိုလ္ြငး Pascal’s Triangle ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖငးံ တနး့်ပီ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံႏိုငးပါသညး။
( b )ထပးညႊနး့တနးဖို့ 7 ထပးႏြငးံအထကးဆိုလ္ြငး nCr ပုဵစဵ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖငးံ အစာ့ထို့အက္ယးဖျငးံပါမညး။
( 2 ) Binomial ထပးကိနး့တစးခုရြိ အႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့တစးခခု ုကို ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ဤပုဵစဵ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့တျကးရာတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ အႀကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ကို ရြာခိုငး့သညးံ Binomial သညး

( a ) တစးကျငး့တညး့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ်ဖစးေစ ႏြစးကျငး့ေပါငး့ထာ့သညးံပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ်ဖစးေစ ေပ့ထာ့ပါက ( r + 1 )th term ေဖား်မဴ
လာ်ဖငးံတျကးပါ။
( b ) ႏြစးကျငး့ေ်မြာကးထာ့သညးံပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံေပ့ထာ့ပါက အက္ယးဖျငးံ်ပီ့တျကးပါ။ ( r + 1 )th term ေဖား်မဴလာ်ဖငးံ
တျကးႏိုငးေသားလညး့ ယငး့သို႔တျကးလ္ြငး ပိုမိုရႈပးေထျ့ေစ်ပီ့ အမြာ့မ္ာ့ႏိုငးေသာေၾကာငးံ မတျကးေစလိုပါ။
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Note & Combination Values
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ၏ ထပးညႊနး့ = n ်ဖစးလ္ြငး
ကိးနး့လုဵ့ေရ = ( ထပးညႊနး့ + 1 ) လုဵ့ = ( n + 1 ) လုဵ့
ထပးညႊနး့ 𝒏
အလယးကိးနး့ = ( + 1 ) ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိးနး့ = ( + 1 )th term
2 𝟐
အေ်ခ 1 မ်ဖစးေသာတနးဖို့ ဿ ခု
n 𝒏
n
Cn = 1 , nC0 = 1 Cr = nCn – r if r 
𝟐
အေ်ခ 1 ်ဖစးေသာတနးဖို့ ှ ခု
n n n–r r
n
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y ) = Cr x y
C1 = n
n
Cr တနးဖို့ဆိုငးရာ ခ္ဲ႕ထျငး့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့
n
ဆကး်ပီ့ C အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးႏြငးံ ပတးသကးသညးံ ထူ့်ခာ့ခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ေလံလာၾကညးံပါမညး။
r
6 999
ဥပမာ C ,
4
C389 တုိ႔အာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး 6C4 အတျကးအက္ယးဖငျ းံခ္ကးမြာ ကိနး့လုဵ့ေရနညး့ေသာ
6 6x5x4x3 999
ေၾကာငးံ C = ဟု တနး့ဖျငးံႏိုငးေသားလညး့ C389 အာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး အဆငးံေပါငး့
4 1x2x3x4
399 ဆငးံ ဖျငးံေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ ခ္ေရ့်ခငး့အစာ့
999 999 x 998 x 997 x…………x ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့

C389 =
1x2x3x4 x ……….x 389
ဆိုသညးံပုဵစဵေလ့်ဖငးံ ၏ဖျငးံေပ့လ္ြငး ကိနး့အာ့လုဵ့ခ္ေရ့စရာ ၏မလိုေတာံေပ။ သို႔ေသား ေနာကးဆုဵကိနး့မြာ မညးသညးံ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
6
တနးဖို့ ထာ့ရမလဲ မသိသညးံ ်ပႆနာရြိသညး။ ဤသညးကို C အာ့အက္ယးဖျငးံသညးံပုဵစဵမြ ပုဵစဵထုတးယူပါမညး။
4
6 6x5x4x3
C4 = ဆိုသညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့တျငး ပိုငး့ေဝ၌1 စီေလ္ာံ်ပီ့ဆငး့သျာ့သ်ဖငးံ ၁ငး့ကို အေပၚတနးဖို့ ပါေသာ
1x2x3x4
ပုဵစဵ အ်ဖစး ေရ့လ္ြငး
3=6–3
4=6–2
5=6–1
6 6x5x4x3 6 6−1 (6−2)(6−3)

C = =
4 1x2x3x4 1x2x3x4
ဤသညးမြာ ပိုငး့ေဝရြိ ကိနး့မ္ာ့၏ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့မြ တစးဆငးံခ္ငး့ ဆငး့ေပ့သျာ့ရမညးပုဵစဵ်ဖစး်ပီ့ အကယး၍ 6 ေနရာတျငး n
်ဖစးလာမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
n မြ 4 ဆငးံဆငး့သျာ့
n n n−1 n−2 n−3

C4 =
1x2x3x4
1 မြ 4 အထိ တကး
n မြ 7 ဆငးံဆငး့သျာ့
n n n−1 n−2 n−3 n−4 n−5 ( n−6 )

C7 =
1x2x3x4x6x7
1 မြ 7 အထိ တကး
ဆိုသညးံ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့မြ ဆငး့သျာ့ေပ့ရမညးံ ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာမညး။ ဆကး်ပီ့ ေနာကးဆုဵ့မြ ်ပနးတကးရမညံးပုဵစဵအာ့

6
ေလံလာၾကညးံရေအာငး။ C ပုဵစဵေလ့အာ့ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့မြ ဆငး့့သညးံ ပုဵစဵမဟုတးပဲ ေနာကးဆုဵ့မြ ်ပနးတကးလာသညးံ ပုဵစဵ
4
အ်ဖစး ်ပငးယူမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
st
1 3=4–1
th rd nd st nd
4 3 2 1 2 2=4–2
rd
3 1=4–3
6 6x5x4x3 ( 6−0) 6−1 6−2 ( 6−3 )
C = = th
4 1x2x3x4 1x2x3x4 4 0=4–4
ဆိုသညးံ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ႏႈတးေပ့ရမညးံ တနးဖို့ၾကာ့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့လာပါမညး။ အထကးပါပုဵစဵေလ့

အာ့ အဆငးံဆငးံ ပုဵစဵထုတး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
6 6x5x4x3 ( 6−0) 6−1 6−2 ( 6−3 )

C4 = =
1x2x3x4 1x2x3x4
( 6−(4−4)) 6− 4−3 6− 4−2 ( 6−(4−1))
=
1x2x3x4
( 6−4+4) 6−4+3 6−4+2 ( 6−4+1)
=
1x2x3x4
ဆိုသညးံ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြ ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့ကိနး့ဆီသုိ႔ ်ပနးတကးသညးံ ေယဘုယ္ပုဵစဵေလ့ရလာမညး။
ေနာကးဆုဵ့မြ ေရလ္ြငး - တစးၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = အေပၚထဲက ေအာကးႏႈတး်ပီ့ 1 ေပါငး့ = 6 – 4 + 1
ႏြစးၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = အေပၚထဲက ေအာကးႏႈတး်ပီ့ 2 ေပါငး့ = 6 – 4 + 2
သုဵ့ၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ = အေပၚထဲက ေအာကးႏႈတး်ပီ့ 3 ေပါငး့ = 6 – 4 + 3
999
ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ C အာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
389
ေရြ႕ဆုဵ့မြ ဆငး့သျာ့ေပ့ရမညးံ ပုဵစဵ ေနာကးဆုဵ့မြ တကးလာေပ့ရမညးံ ပုဵစဵ
999 𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟏 𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟐 ……………….. 𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟑𝟖𝟗+𝟑 𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟑𝟖𝟗+𝟐 ( 𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟑𝟖𝟗+𝟏 )

C389 =
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝐱 ……………………………………..………………………………….𝐱 𝟑𝟖𝟗
n
ထို႔အတူပငး C ဆိုေသာ တနးဖို့ေလ့အာ့ အက္ယးဖျငးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး
99
n n n−1 n−2 n−3 …………… n−99+3 n−99+2 ( n−99+1 )

C99 =
1x2x3x4x………………x98x99
ဟု အက္ယးဖျငးံႏိုငးမညး်ဖစးသညး။ အကယး၍ 99 ေနရာတျငး r အစာ့ထို့မညးဆုိလ္ြငး
nC = 𝐧 𝐧−𝟏 𝐧−𝟐 𝐧−𝟑 …………… 𝐧−𝐫+𝟑 𝐧−𝐫+𝟐 ( 𝐧−𝐫+𝟏 )

r 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱………………𝐱( 𝐫−𝟑 )𝐱( 𝐫−𝟐 )𝐱( 𝐫−𝟏 )𝐱𝐫
ဆိုသညးံ ေယဘုယ္ေဖား်မဴလာေလ့ ရလာပါမညး။ အထကးပါသေဘာတရာ့မ္ာ့ ပို်ပီ့ေက္ေက္ညကးညကး နာ့လညး

ေစရနး ေအာကးတျငး ဥပမာမ္ာ့တျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး။ ေလံလာၾကညးံပါ။
Expend the following Combination value.

𝐧 𝐧−𝟏 𝐧−𝟐 ( 𝐧+𝟏 )𝐧 𝐧−𝟏
( i ) nC = ( ii ) n + 1C =
3 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 3 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
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𝐧−𝟏 𝐧−𝟐 (𝐧−𝟑) 𝐧+𝟐 𝐧+𝟏 𝐧(𝐧−𝟏)
( iii ) n – 1 C = ( iv ) n + 2 C =
3 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 4 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝐧 𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝟐𝐧−𝟐 (𝟐𝐧−𝟑) 𝟑𝐧+𝟐 𝟑𝐧+𝟏 𝟑𝐧
( v ) 2nC = ( vi ) 3n + 2 C =
4 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 3 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2n – 3 𝟐𝐧−𝟑 𝟐𝐧−𝟒 𝟐𝐧−𝟓 𝟐𝐧−𝟔 (𝟐𝐧−𝟕)
( vii ) C5 =
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟐𝐧 𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝟐𝐧−𝟐 𝟐𝐧−𝟑 …………… 𝟐𝐧−𝟒𝟒+𝟐 ( 𝟐𝐧−𝟒𝟒+𝟏 )
( viii ) 2nC44 =
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱………………𝐱𝟒𝟑𝐱𝟒𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐𝐧 𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝟐𝐧−𝟐 𝟐𝐧−𝟑 …………… 𝐧−𝐫+𝟐 ( 𝐧−𝐫+𝟏 )
( ix ) 2nCr =
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱………………( 𝐫−𝟏)𝐫
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2n + 2 𝟐𝐧+𝟐 (𝟐𝐧+𝟏)𝟐𝐧 𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝟐𝐧−𝟐 …………… 𝟐𝐧−𝐫+𝟐 ( 𝟐𝐧−𝐫+𝟏 )
(x) Cr =
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱………………( 𝐫−𝟏)𝐫
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n
ေနာကးဆုဵ့အေန်ဖငးံ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ C တနးဖို့ တစးခုကို တစးဆငးံ်ပီ့တစးဆငးံႏိြမးံ၍ မညးကဲံသို႔ ေရ့ရမညးနညး့
r
ဆုိသညးံ နညး့လမး့ကို ေလံလာၾကညးံပါစို႔။
တစးဆငးံႏြိမးံ်ခငး့
6 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟐 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟑 𝟐 6 𝟐 6 𝟔−𝟐

Eg ( 1 ) - C = = x = C x ( or ) C x
5 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟓 4 𝟓 4 𝟒+𝟏
𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔 𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔−𝟑

Eg ( 2 ) - 9C4 = = x = 9C3 x ( or ) 6C3 x
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑+𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟎−𝟓

Eg ( 3 ) - 10C = = x = 10C x ( or ) 10C x
6 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟔 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓 𝟔 5 𝟔 5 𝟓+𝟏
အထကးပါဥပမာမ္ာ့ကိုေလံလာၾကညးံပါကေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
nC တစးခုကိုတစးဆငးံႏြိမးံလိုပါက ပိုငး့ေွတျငး ႏိြမးံထာ့
r
သညးံ C ၏ အေပၚတနးဖို့ထဲမြ ေအာကးတနးဖို့ကို ႏႈတးေပ့သညးံ တနးဖို့ / ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး ႏိြမးံထာ့ သညးံ C ၏ ေအာကး
တနးဖို့ထကး 1 ႀကီ့သညးံတနးဖို့်ဖစးေနသညးံ အပိုငး့ကိနး့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရပါမညး။
𝟏𝟏 𝟔
Eg ( 4 ) - 14C4 = 14C3 x , Eg ( 5 ) - 8C3 = 8C2 x
𝟒 𝟑
n 𝒏− 𝒓+𝟏 𝒏− 𝒓
Cr = nCr – 1 x ( or ) nCr + 1 = nCr x
𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
ဤသေဘာတရာ့ေလ့ကို တစးဘကး တစးခ္ကးတျငး ဒီဂရီတူ

nC မ္ာ့ရြိေနေသာ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့ ရြငး့ရာတျငး
r
အက္ယးဖျငးံနညး့ အစာ့ သုဵ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။
အက္ယးဖျငးံ တျကးနညး့ အက္ယးမဖျငးံပဲ တျကးနညး့
99
C = 99C k 99
C = 99C k
39 38 39 38
𝟗𝟗𝐱𝟗𝟖𝐱……..𝐱𝟔𝟐𝐱𝟔𝟏 𝟗𝟗𝐱𝟗𝟖𝐱……..𝐱𝟔𝟑𝐱𝟔𝟐 99 𝟔𝟏
= k C x = 99C k
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱….…𝐱𝟑𝟖𝐱𝟑𝟗 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱…..………𝐱𝟑𝟖 38 𝟑𝟗 38
𝟔𝟏 𝟔𝟏
=k = k
𝟑𝟗 𝟑𝟗

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Binomial expansion ႏြစးခုကို အက္ယးဖျငးံခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏 𝟏
1.Expand , in ascending power of x , the expansions of ( 2x + )5 and ( 2x – )5 .
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
Hence or otherwise ( i ) simplyfy ( 2x + )5 + ( 2x – )5 . ( ii ) Find the coefficient of x2
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 5 𝟏 5
in the expansion of ( 2x + ) ( 2x – ) . ( Ex ( 3.1 ) / No ( 5 ) - Text
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
Book )
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( 2x + )5= ( 2x )5+ 5( 2x )4( )+ 10( 2x )3( ) + 10( 2x )2( )3+ 5( 2x )( )4+ ( )5
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 32x5 + 5( 2x )3 + 10( 2x )31 2
+ 10( 2x ) ( + 5( 2x ) +
(𝟐𝒙)𝟐 (𝟐𝒙)𝟑𝟏 (𝟐𝒙)𝟒𝟑 (𝟐𝒙)𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 32x5 + 5( 8x3 ) + 10( 2x ) + 10( )+5( )+
𝟐𝒙 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟓
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
( 2x + )5= 32x5 + 40x3 + 20x + + +
𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝟖𝒙𝟑 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟓
Similarly ,
𝟏 5 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
( 2x – ) = 32x5 – 40x3 + 20x – + 𝟑
–
𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝟖𝒙 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟓
𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
( 2x + )5 = 32x5 + 40x3 + 20x + + +
𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟓 𝟖𝒙𝟑
𝟏 5 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏
(+ ) ( 2x – ) = 32x5 – 40x3 + 20x – + 𝟑 –
𝟐𝒙 𝒙 𝟖𝒙 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
( 2x + )5 + ( 2x – )5 = 64x5 + 40x +
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟒𝒙𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
The coefficient of x2 in ( 2x + )5( 2x – )5 = 2 ( 32 x ) + 2 (– 40 x 5 ) + ( 20 x 20 )
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙 𝟖
= ( 2 x 20 ) – 2 ( 200 ) + 400
= 40 – 400 + 400 = 40
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ပုဵစဵတူတနးဖုိ့ကဲျ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ -
𝒙
Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 1 + 2x )5 – ( 1 – )8 .
𝟐
Ans; 87 ( 2008 မႏၱေလ့ / No 54 )
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2.Use the binomial theorem to find the value of ( 2 + 𝟐 )4 + ( 2 – 𝟐 )4.
Solution ( 2003 ဧရာွတီ / No 94 )
( 2 + 𝟐 )4 = 24 + 4( 2 )3( 𝟐 )+ 6( 2 )2( 𝟐 )2+ 4( 2 )( 𝟐 )3+ ( 𝟐 )4
= 16 + 32 𝟐 + 48 + 16 𝟐 + 4
( 2 – 𝟐 )4 = 24 + 4( 2 )3( − 𝟐 )+ 6( 2 )2( − 𝟐 )2+ 4( 2 )( − 𝟐 )3+ ( − 𝟐 )4
= 16 – 32 𝟐 + 48 – 16 𝟐 + 4
( 2 + 𝟐 )4 + ( 2 – 𝟐 )4 = 32 + 96 + 8 = 136
( ဤပုစာၦပုဵစဵမ္ဳိ့အာ့ 3 မြတးတနးေမ့ချနး့အ်ဖစးသာ ေမ့လာႏိုငးေတာံပါသညး။ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3. Ues the binomial theorem to find the value of ( x + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 + ( x – 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6.
Solution
( + ) ( x + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 = x6 – 6x5( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 ) + 15x4( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )2– 20x3( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )3+ 15x2( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏) – 6x( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )5 + ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6
( x + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 = x6 + 6x5( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )+ 15x4( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )2+ 20x3( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )3+ 15x2 ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)4+ 6x( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )5 + ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6
2nd Method
let 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 = y
( x + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 = (x + y)6
( x – 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 = (x – y)6
= 2x6 + 30x6– 30x4 + 30x2( x4 – 2x2 + 1 )+ 2( ( x2)3 – 3( x2)2 + 3( x2) – 1 )
(x+y)6 = x6+6x5y+15x4y2+20x3y3+15x2y4+6xy5+y6
(+ )(x–y)6 = x6–6x5y+15x4y2–20x3y3+15x2y4–6xy5+y6
(x+y)6 + (x–y)6 = 2x6+30x4y2+30x2y4+ 2y6
= 2x6 + 30x4( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )2 + 30x2( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏)4+ 2( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6
= 32x6– 30x4 + 30x6 – 60x4 + 30x2 + 2( x6 – 3x4 + 3x2 – 1 )
y2 = ( 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )2 = x2– 1
4
 30x4y2 = 30x4( x2– 1 ) = 30x6 – 30x4

= 2x6 + 30x4( x2– 1 ) + 30x2( x2– 1 )2+ 2( x2– 1 )3
y4 = ( y2 )2 = ( x2– 1 )2 = x4– 2x2+ 1

= 62x6 – 90x4 + 30x2 + 2x6 – 6x4 + 6x2 – 2
 30x2y4 = 30x2( x4– 2x2+ 1 ) = 30x6 – 60x4+ 30x2
y6 = ( y2 )3 = ( x2– 1 )3 = ( x2 )3– 3( x2 )2 + 3( x2 ) – 1
y6 = x6 – 3x4 + 3x2 – 1
 2y6 = 2 ( x6 – 3x4 + 3x2 – 1 ) = 2x6 – 6x4 + 6x2 – 2
= 64x6 – 96x4 + 36x2 – 2
2x6 = 2x6
30x4y2 = 30x6 – 30x4
30x2y4 = 30x6 – 60x4 + 30x2
( + ) 2y6 = 2x6 – 6x4 + 6x2 – 2
2x6+30x4y2+30x2y4+2y6 = 64x6 – 96x4 + 36x2 – 2

(x+y)6 + (x–y)6 = 2x6+30x4y2+30x2y4+2y6
( x+ 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6+ ( x– 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 = 64x6– 96x4+ 36x2– 2
( x + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6 + ( x – 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 )6
တျကးနညး့ ႏြစးနညး့ ၾကိဳကးရာနညး့်ဖငးံတျကးပါ။

ဒုတိယနညး့မြာ နညး့နညး့ရြညးေသားလညး့
တစးဆငးံခ္ငး့တစးဆငးံခ္ငး့ Step by Step တျကး်ပ
ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ကေလ့မ္ာ့ ပိုနာ့လညးလျယးႏိုငး်ပီ့
ပို်ပီ့အမြာကငး့စျာ တျကးႏိုငးမညး ်ဖစးပါသညး။
1st Method
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4.Write down and simplyfy ,the first four terms of the expansion ,in ascending power of x ,
𝟑𝒙
of ( 1 + )5 and ( 2 – x )5 .Hence or otherwise ,obtain the coefficient of x2 in the
𝟐
𝟑𝒙𝟐 5
expansion of ( 2 + 2x – ) . ( 2007 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 71 )
𝟐
Solution
𝟑𝒙 5 𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒙 2 𝟑𝒙
(1+ ) =1+5( )+ 10( ) + 10( )3+ ………..
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟗𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑
=1+ + 10( ) + 10( ) +……….
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟗𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝟕𝒙𝟑
=1+ + 5( ) + 5( ) + ………
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟒𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟑
=1+ + + + ………..
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
( 2 – x )5 = ( 2 )5 + 5( 2 )4 (–x )+ 10( 2 )3(–x )2+ 10( 2 )2 (–x )3+ ……………………

= 32 – 80x + 80x2– 40 x3+ ……………..
𝟑𝒙𝟐 5 𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒙 5
( 2 + 2x – ) =(1+ ) ( 2 – x )) 5 = ( 1 + ) ( 2 – x )5
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝒙 5 𝟏𝟓𝒙 𝟒𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟑
(1+ ) ( 2 – x )5 = (1+ + + + ………….……………. )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
x ( 32 – 80x + 80x2 – 40x3 + ………………… )
𝟑𝒙 5 𝟏𝟓 𝟒𝟓
The coefficient of x2 in ( 1 + ) ( 2 – x )5 = 1 ( 80 ) + ( )( – 80 ) + 32 ( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 80 – 600 + 720 = 800 – 600 = 200
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( 1 ) Binomial expansion တစးခု၏ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏 20
5. Find the term in x4 and the term independent of x in the expansion of ( x + ) .
𝒙
( Eg ( 3 ) - Text Book )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y )n = nCr x n – r y r
𝟏 20 20 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + ) = Cr x 20 – r ( ) r = 20Cr x 20 – r ( 1 )r ( x ) – r = 20Cr x 20 – 2r
𝒙 𝒙
for x4 , x 20 – 2r = x4
20 – 2r = 4 , 20 – 4 = 2r , 16 = 2r , r = 8
𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟗𝒙𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟏𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟑
The term in x4 = 20C8 x4= = 125970 x4
𝟏𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟑𝒙𝟒𝒙𝟓𝒙𝟔𝒙𝟕𝒙𝟖
for the term independent of x , x 20 – 2r = x0
20 – 2r = 0 , 20 = 2r , r = 10
𝟐𝟎𝐱𝟏𝟗𝐱𝟏𝟖𝐱𝟏𝟕𝐱𝟏𝟔𝐱𝟏𝟓𝐱𝟏𝟒𝐱𝟏𝟑𝐱𝟏𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟏
The term independent of x = 20C10 = = 184756
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟏𝟎
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𝟏
6. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of ( – x )9 .
𝟐𝒙𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 6 ) - Text Book )
𝟏 𝟏 9–r r
( r + 1 )th term for ( – x)9 = 9C ( 𝟐 ) (–x)
𝟐𝒙𝟐 r 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
= 9Cr ( )9 – r ( ) 9 – r ( –1 )r ( x )r
𝟐 𝒙𝟐
𝟏
= 9Cr ( )9 – r ( x– 2 ) 9 – r ( –1 )r ( x )r
𝟐
9 𝟏 9–r
= Cr ( ) ( –1 )r ( x ) 2r – 18 ( x )r
𝟐
𝟏
= 9Cr ( 𝟐 )9 – r ( –1 )r x 3r – 18
for the term independent of x , x 3r – 18 = x0
3r – 18 = 0 , 3r = 18 , r = 6
𝟏 𝟏 𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕 𝟏 𝟑𝐱𝟕 𝟐𝟏
The term independent of x = 9C6 ( )9 – 6 ( –1 )6 = 9C3 ( )3 = x = =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟐
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𝟏 12
7.Find the middle term and the constsnt term in the expansion of ( 2x2 – ) .
𝟐𝒙
( 2013 ရနးကုနး / No 1)
Solution
Degree of the binomial = 12
𝟏𝟐
Middle term = ( + 1)th term = ( 6 + 1 )th term
𝟐
𝟏 12 12 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 2x2 – ) = Cr ( 2x2 )12 – r( – ) r
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
= 12Cr ( 2 )12 – r( x2 ) 12 – r (–1 )r ( 2 ) – r ( x ) – r
= 12Cr 212 – 2r (–1 )r x24 – 2r x – r
= 12Cr 212 – 2r (–1 )r x24 – 3r
Middle term = 7th term = ( 6 + 1)th term = 12C6 212 – 12 (–1 )6 x24 – 18
𝟏𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕 6
= x
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟔
= 924 x6
for constsnt term , x24 – 3r = x0
24 – 3r = 0 , r = 8
𝟏𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒𝟗𝟓
The constsnt term = 12C8 212 – 16 (–1 )8 = 12
C4 ( 2 – 4 )= ( )= 495 ( )=
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
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𝟏
8.Find the middle term and the term independent of x in the expansion of ( x – )12.
𝒙
( 2010 - ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 41 )
Solution
𝟏𝟐
Middle term = ( + 1)th term = ( 6 + 1 )th term
𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏 12 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( x – ) = 12Cr x12 – r
(– )r
𝒙 𝒙
𝟏
= 12Cr x12 – r (–1 )r x .−𝟐
𝟑𝒓
= 12Cr (–1 )r x .𝟏𝟐− 𝟐
𝟑𝒓
Middle term = ( 6 + 1)th term = 12C6 (–1 )6 x .𝟏𝟐− 𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕 3
= x
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟔
= 924 x3
𝟑𝒓
for the term independent of x , x .𝟏𝟐− 𝟐 = x0
𝟑𝒓
12 – = 0
𝟐
𝟑𝒓
12 =
𝟐
r = 8
𝟏𝟐𝐱𝟏𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗
The term independent of x = 12C8 (–1 )8 = 12
C4 = = 495
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
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ပုဵစဵတူတနးဖုိ့ကဲျ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
In the expansion of ( x3 – 𝒙𝟐 )10 , find the coefficient of x – 5 and the constsnt term.
𝟏
Ans; the coefficient of x – 5 = –15360 , the constsnt term = 13440

( 2009 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 48 )
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9.Write down and simplyfy the first four terms in the binomial expansion of ( 1 – 2x )7 .
Used it to find the value of ( 0.98 )7 , correct to four decimal places.
Solution ( 2016 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 4 )
( 1 – 2x )7 = 1 + 7C1 (– 2x ) + 7C2 (– 2x )2 + 7C3 (– 2x )3 + ………..
𝟕𝐱𝟔 𝟕𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟓
= 1 + 7 (– 2x ) + ( 4x2 ) + (– 8x3 ) + ………..
𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
= 1 – 14x + 21( 4x2 ) + 35(– 8x3 ) + ………..
= 1 – 14x + 84x2 – 280x3 + ………..
( 0.98 )7 =?
let 0.98 = 1 – 2x
then, 2x = 1 – 0.98
2x = 0.02,
x = 0.01
( 0.98 ) = ( 1 – 2( 0.01 ) ) 7
7
= 1 – 14 ( 0.01 ) + 84( 0.01 )2 – 280( 0.01 )3 + ………..
= 1 – 0.14 + 0.0084 – 0.00028 + ……
= 0.86812 = 0.8681 ( correct to four decimal places. )
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10.Obtain the first four terms in the expansion of ( 1 + p ) 6 in ascending power of p. By
writing p = x + x2, obtain the expansion of ( 1 + x + x2 )6 as far as the term in x2 .
Hence find the value of ( 1.0101 )6 , to three decimal places. ( 2007 မႏၱေလ့ / No 63 )
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 1 + p )6 = 1 + 6C1 ( p ) + 6C2 ( p )2 + 6C3 ( p )3 + ………..

𝟔𝐱𝟓 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒
= 1 + 6p + ( p2 ) + ( p3 ) + ………..
𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
= 1 + 6p + 15p2 + 20p3 + ………..
If p = x + x2, ( 1 + p )6 = ( 1 + x + x2 )6 = 1 + 6( x + x2 ) + 15( x + x2 )2 + ………..
= 1 + 6x + 6x2 + 15( x2 + 2x3 + x4 ) + ………..
= 1 + 6x + 6x2 + 15x2 + 30 x3 ………..
= 1 + 6x + 21x2 + ………..
( 1.0101 )6 = ?
let 1 + x + x2 = 1.0101 = 1 + 0.01 + 0.0001 = 1 + 0.01 + ( 0.01 )2
6
( 1.0101 ) = 1 + 6( 0.01 ) + 21( 0.0001 ) + ………..
= 1 + 0.06 + 0.0021 + ……….. = 1.0621 = 1.062 ( to three decimal places. )
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( 2 ) Binomial expansion တစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏 8
11. Find the coefficient of x –10 in the expansion of ( 2 – ) .
𝒙𝟐
( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 4 ) - Text Book )
Solution
𝟏 8 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 2 – ) = 8Cr ( 2 )8 – r(– 𝒙𝟐 ) r
𝒙𝟐
= 8Cr ( 2 )8 – r (–1 )r ( x ) – 2r
for x– 10 , x – 2r = x– 10
– 2r = – 10
r =5
𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔
The coefficient of x– 10 = 8C5 28 – 5 (–1 )5 = – 8C3 ( 2 )3 = – ( 8 ) = – 448
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𝟐 8
12.Find the constant term and middle term in the expansion of ( x2 + ) .
𝒙
Solution ( 2008 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့/ No 61 )

𝟐 8 8 𝟐
( r + 1 )th term for ( x2 + ) = Cr ( x2 )8 – r( ) r
𝒙 𝒙
= 8Cr ( x )16 – 2r ( 2r ) x – r
= 8Cr 2r ( x )16 – 3r
for the constant term , x 16– 3r = x0
16 – 3r = 0
𝟏𝟔
r= ( impossible )
𝟑
 the constant term = 0
middle term = 5th term = ( 4 + 1 )th term = 8C4 ( 24 ) ( x )16 – 12

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟓
= ( 16 )x4 = 1120x4
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
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𝟏
Find the coefficient of x0 and x3 respectively in the expansion of ( 1 – )9 .Are they
𝒙𝟐
equal? Ans ; the coefficient of x0 = – 84 , the coefficient of x3 = 36 , they are not equal.
( 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 22 )
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13.Find the sum of the coefficient of the 4th term and the 6th term in the expansion of
𝟐𝒙 𝟏 8
( – ) . ( 2010 မႏၱေလ့ / No 32 )
𝟑 𝒙
Solution
𝟐𝒙 𝟏 8 𝟐 𝟏 r
( r + 1 )th term for ( – ) = 8Cr ( )8 – r ( x )8 – r ( – )
𝟑 𝒙 𝟑 𝒙
𝟐
= 8Cr ( )8 – r ( x )8 – r (–1 )r x – r
𝟑
𝟐
= 8Cr ( )8 – r ( –1 )r x8 – 2r
𝟑
the 4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term
𝟐 𝟐
the coefficient of the 4th term = 8C3 ( )8 – 3(–1 )3 = – 8C3 ( )5
𝟑 𝟑
𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔 𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟐
=– x =–
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑
the 6th term = ( 5 + 1 )th term

𝟐 𝟐
the coefficient of the 6th term = 8C5 ( )8 – 5(–1 )5 = – 8C3 ( )3
𝟑 𝟑
𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔 𝟖 𝟒𝟒𝟖
=– x =–
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕
𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟐 𝟒𝟒𝟖
the sum of the coefficient of the fourth term and the sixth term = – –
𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟐𝟕
−𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟐−𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟐 −𝟓𝟖𝟐𝟒
= =
𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟐𝟒𝟑
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( 3 ) Binomial expansion ႏြစးခု၏ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏
14.Write down and simplified the first four terms in the expansion of ( 1 – x )10 . Find
𝟐
𝟏
the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 5 + 4x )( 1 – x )10 . ( 2014 ကခ္ငး / No 8 )
𝟐
𝟒𝟓 2 𝟏
Ans ; the first four terms = 1 – 5x + x – 15 x3 + … … / the coefficient of x2 = 51
𝟒 𝟒
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Find in ascending power of x , the first three terms in the expansion of ( i ) ( 1 + 2x ) 5
𝟏 𝟏
( ii ) ( 2 – x )6 .Hence find the coefficient of x in the expansion of ( 1 + 2x ) 5 ( 2 – x )6 .
𝟐 𝟐
Ans ; the coefficient of x2 = 1660 ( Eg ( 1 ) - Text Book )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Find in ascending power of x , the first 3 terms in the expansion of ( i )( 1 + 2x ) 5

( ii )( 3 – x )5.Hence obtain the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 3 + 5x – 2x2 )5 .
( Ex ( 3.1 ) / No 2 - Text )
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Find in ascending power of x , the first 3 terms in the expansion of ( 1 + 2x )5 and ( 3 – x )4.
Hence obtain the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 1 + 2x )5 ( 3 – x )4.
Ans; ( 1 + 2x )5 = 1 + 10x + 40x2 + … / ( 3 – x )4 = 81 – 108x + 54x2 + …
the coefficient of x2 = 2214 ( 2011 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 28 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find in ascending power of x ,the first 3 terms in the expansion of ( 1 – 2x )4 and ( 2 + x2 )5.
Hence obtain the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 1 – 2x )4 ( 2 + x2 )5.
Ans; ( 1 – 2x )4 = 1 – 8x + 24x2 + … / ( 2 + x2 )5 = 32 + 80x2 + 80x4 + …
the coefficient of x2 = 848 ( 2005 မႏၱေလ့ / No 82 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 4 ) Binomial expansion ႏြစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝒙
Evaulate the coefficient of x5 and x4 in the expansion of ( – 3 )7 .Hence evaulate the
𝟑
𝒙
coefficient of x5 in the expansion of ( – 3 )7 ( x + 6 ).
𝟑
𝟑 𝟕 𝟑 𝟑𝟓
Ans ; the coefficient of x5 in ( – 3 )7 = , the coefficient of x4 in ( – 3 )7 = –
𝒙 𝟗 𝒙 𝟑
5 𝟑 7
the coefficient of x in ( –3) (x+6)=–7
𝒙
( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 13 ) - Text Book )( 2014 ရနးကုနး / No 1 )( 2010 ကခ္ငး / No 39 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 5 𝟏 5
Find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 2x + ) ( 2x – ) .
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 5 𝟏 5
Ans ; the coefficient of x2 in ( 2x + ) ( 2x – ) = 40 ( 2004 မႏၱေလ့ / No 87 )
𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓 𝟓
Find the term independent of x in the expansion of ( 5x – )6( 5x + )6.
𝒙 𝒙
𝟓 6 𝟓 6
Ans; the term independent of x in ( 5x – ) ( 5x + ) = – 4882812500 ( 11 ကခ္ငး/No 29 )
𝒙 𝒙
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find the coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of ( 1 – x )5 ( 1 + x )6.
Ans ; the coefficient of x2 in ( 1 – x )5 ( 1 + x )6 = – 5
the coefficient of x3 in ( 1 – x )5 ( 1 + x )6 = 5 ( 2010 ဧရာွတီ / No 36 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find the coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of ( 1 – 3x )6( 1 + 2x )7.
Ans ; the coefficient of x2 in ( 1 – 3x )6( 1 + 2x )7 = – 33
the coefficient of x3 in ( 1 – 3x )6( 1 + 2x )7 = 118 ( 2004 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 89 )
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Find the coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of ( 3 – 4x )( 1 + x )6. ( 09 ရနးကုနး / No 42 )
Ans ; the coefficient of x2 = 21 , the coefficient of x3 in ( 3 – 4x ) ( 1 + x )6 = 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒙 8
Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 10 – 7x )( 1 + ) .
𝟓
𝒙 8 𝟖𝟒
Ans ; the coefficient of x3 in ( 10 – 7x ) ( 1 + ) =– ( 2007 မေကျ့ / No 64 )
𝟓 𝟐𝟓
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙 5
Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 3x – 2 )( 1 + ) .
𝟐
𝒙 5
Ans ; the coefficient of x3 in ( 3x – 2 )( 1 + ) = 5 ( 2004 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 92 )
𝟐
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 6
Find the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ( x2 – 5x + 12 ) ( x – ) .
𝒙
𝟐 6
Ans ; the coefficient of x4 in ( x2 – 5x + 12 ) ( x – ) = – 84 ( 09 ဧရာွတီ / No 47 )
𝒙
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 2 + 3x + x2 ) ( 1 + x )6 .
Ans ; the coefficient of x3 in ( 2 + 3x + x2 )( 1 + x )6 = 91
( 2013 ဧရာွတီ / No 6 ) ( 2006 ရနးကုနး / No 72 )
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Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 2 – 5x )8 ( 15x2 – 3x + 7 ).
Ans ; the coefficient of x3 in ( 2 – 5x )8 ( 15x2 – 3x + 7 ) = – 1779200 ( 07 ကခ္ငး / No 69 )
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**Find the term in x3 in the expansion of ( 1 – x )2 ( 1 – 2x )9.
Ans ; the term in x3 in ( 1 – x )2 ( 1 – 2x )9 = – 978x3 ( 2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 45 )
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14.Using binomial theorem , find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 3 + x –2x2 )5 .
( 2008 ပဲခူ့ / No 56 )
Solution
( 3 + x – 2x2 )5 = ( ( 3 – 2x )( 1 + x ))5 = ( 3 – 2x)5( 1 + x )5
( 3 – 2x)5= 35 + 5 ( 3 ) 4( –2x ) + 10 ( 3 ) 3( –2x )2 + ………..
= 243 – 810x + 1080x2 + ………..
( 3 – 2x)5( 1 + x )5 = ( 243 – 810x + 1080x2 + ……….. ) ( 1 + 5x + 10x2 + ……….. )
the coefficient of x2 in ( 3 + x –2x2 )5 = 1080 – 4050 + 2430 = – 540

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Find the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 2x – 3 )2( 1 + 3x )8. ( 13 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 10 )
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Find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 2x2 – x – 3)6.
Ans; the coefficient of x2 = – 1701 ( 2014 ပဲခူ့ / No 4 )
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Find the coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of ( x2 – x – 2 )7.
Ans; the coefficient of x2 = – 224 , 787 ( 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 9 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using binomial theorem ,find the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 3 + x – 2x2 )5 .
Ans; the coefficient of x2 = – 540 ( 2011 မေကျ့ / No 25 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
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15.Find the ratio of the coefficient of x10 in ( 1 – x2 )10 and the term independent of x in
𝟐 10
(x– ) . ( 2006 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 81 )
𝒙
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – x2 )10 = 10Cr ( – 1 )r x2r
for x 10 , x2r = x 10
2r = 10
r = 5
the coefficient of x 10 = 10C5 ( – 1 )5 = – 10C5
𝟐 10 10
( r + 1 )th term for ( x – ) = Cr ( x )10 – r (– 2 )r x – r = 10Cr (– 2 )r x10 – 2r
𝒙
for the term independent of x , x10 – 2r = x0
10 – 2r = 0
r =5
the term independent of x = C5 (– 2 )5 = – 32 10C5
10
 Required ratio = – 10C5 : – 32 10C5 = 1 : 32

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Binomial တစးးခု
Binomialတစးးခု၏ ( အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( သို႔ ) ထိုကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ၾကာ့ရြိတနးးဖို့မ္ာ့ ( သို႔ )
ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ ေပ့်ပီ့ ) မသိကိနး့ ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( 1 ) Binomial တစးးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ေပ့်ပီ့မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

16.In the binomial expansion of ( 3 + kx )9 , the coefficient of x3 and x4 are equal .
Calculate the value of k. ( Eg ( 2 ) - Text Book )/ ( 2006 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 75 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 3 + kx )9 = 9Cr ( 3 ) 9 – r kr xr
for x3 and x4 , r = 3 and r = 4
the coefficient of x3 = 9C3 ( 3 ) 9 – 3 k3 = 9C3 ( 3 )6 k3 Alternative Method
9
C3 ( 3 )61 k3 = 9C4 ( 3 )5 k41
the coefficient of x4 = 9C4 ( 3 ) 9 – 4 k4 = 9C4 ( 3 )5 k4
9 𝟔
by given, C3 ( 3 ) = 9C3 ( )k
𝟒
9
C3 ( 3 )61 k3 = 9C4 ( 3 )5 k41
𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕 𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝟑
(3)= k and k = 2.
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝟐
If the coefficient of x4 and x5 in the expansion of ( 3 + kx )9 are equal , find the value of k.
𝟓
Ans ; k = = 2.5 ( Ex ( 3.2 )/No ( 7 ) ) ( 05 မေကျ့ / No 83 - 10 မျနး၊ကရငး၊ တနသၤာရီ / No 37 )
𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
The coefficient of x4 and x5 in the expansion of ( 3 + kx )8 are equal , find the value of k.
𝟏𝟓
Ans ; k = = 3.75 ( 2006 ကခ္ငး / No 80 )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If the coefficient of x and x3 in the expansion of ( 1 + px )8 are equal , find the value of p.
𝟏
Ans ; p = ± ( 2013 ကခ္ငး / No 9 ) ( 2003 ႏိုငင
း ဵ်ခာ့ / No 95 )
𝟕
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟓𝒙 n
17. In the expansion of ( 3 + ) , the coefficient of x4 and x5 are equal .Find n.
𝟐
Solution ( 2007 ပဲခူ့ / No 66 )
𝟓𝒙 n n 𝟓
( r + 1 )th term for ( 3 + ) = Cr ( 3 ) n – r ( )r xr
𝟐 𝟐
𝟓
the coefficient of x4 = nC4 ( 3 ) n – 4 ( )4
𝟐
5 n n–5 𝟓
the coefficient of x = C5 ( 3 ) ( )5
𝟐
by given,
n 𝟓 𝟓
C4 ( 3 ) n – 4 1 ( )4 = nC5 ( 3 ) n – 5 ( )51
𝟐 𝟐
n n 𝒏−𝟒 𝟓
C4 ( 3 ) = C4 ( )( )
𝟓 𝟐
6=n–4
n = 10
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𝒂 8
18. In the expansion of ( x2 – ) , a ≠ 0 , the coefficient of x7 is four times the coefficient of
𝒙
x10. Find the value of a. ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 9 ) - Text Book )( 13 မျနး၊ကရငး တနသၤာရီ ) / No 7 )
( 10 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 34 )( 04 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 91 )( 06 မေကျ့၊ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 74 )
Solution
𝒂 8
( r + 1 )th term for ( x2 + ) = 8Cr ( x2 ) 8 – r ar x – r
𝒙
= 8Cr x 16 – 2r ar x – r
= 8Cr ar x 16 – 3r
for x7, 16 – 3r = 7 and 3r = 9 , r = 3
the coefficient of x7 = 8C3 a3
for x10, 16 – 3r = 10 and 3r = 6 , r = 2
the coefficient of x10 = 8C2 a2
by given,
8
C3 a31 = 4 8C2 a2
𝟔
a=4
𝟑
a=2

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒂 7
In the expansion of ( x2 – ) , a ≠ 0 , the coefficient of x5 is 20 times the coefficient of x11.
𝒙
Find the value of a. Ans ; a = ± 2 ( 2009 ကခ္ငး / No 50 )
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19.In the expansion of (1 + 2x)11 ,the coefficient of x3 is k times the coefficient of x2. Find k.
Solution ( 2014 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 )( 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 52 )
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + 2x )11 = 11Cr ( 2 )r xr
the coefficient of x3 = 11C3 23 = 8 11
C3
2 11 2 11
the coefficient of x = C2 2 = 4 C2
by given,
11
C3 231 = k 11C2 22
11 𝟗
C2 ( ) 2 = 11C2 k
𝟑
𝟗
x2 =k
𝟑
k=6
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20.Find the value of ‘n’ if the coefficient of x5 is six times the coefficient of x4 in the
expansion of ( 3+2x )n . ( 2013 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 4 )( 2007 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 70 )
( or )
In the expansion of ( 3 + 2x )n , the coefficient of x5 is 6 times the coefficient of x4. Find n.
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 3 + 2x )n = nCr ( 3 )n – r 2rxr
the coefficient of x5 = nC5 ( 3 )n – 5 25
the coefficient of x4 = nC4 ( 3 )n – 4 24
by given,
n
C5 ( 3 )n – 5 251 = 6 nC4 ( 3 )n – 41 24
n 𝒏−𝟒
C4 x x 2 = 6 x 3 nC4
𝟓
𝒏−𝟒
x 2 = 189
𝟓
n – 4 = 45
n = 49
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In the expansion of ( 1 + 2x )n , the coefficient of x6 is 4 times the coefficient of x4. Find n.
Ans ; n = 10 ( 12 မႏ ၱေလ့/No 13 ) ( 05 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ၊ကခ္ငး/No 84 )( 08 ဧရာွတီ/No 57 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. In the expansion of ( 2 + 3x ) n , the coefficient of x3 and x4 are in the ratio 8:15. Find
the value of n.
Solution ( Ex ( 3.2 ) No-15 )( 12 ကခ္ငး/No 20 )( 07 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့၊ဧရာွတီ - 03 မႏၱေလ့/No 65 )
the coefficient of x3 = nC3 ( 2 )n – 3 33 ထပးညႊနး့ပါအပိုငး့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ ေခ္်ခငး့
4 n n–4 4
the coefficient of x = C4 ( 2 ) 3 သိကိနး့ ထပးညႊနး့
by given, 𝟑𝟓
 35 ႏြငးံ 37 တျငး 35 ထပးညႊနး့ငယးသ်ဖငးံ
.𝒏 𝑪𝟑 (𝟐)𝒏−𝟑 𝟑𝟑 𝟖 𝟑𝟕
= 𝟑𝟓
.𝒏 𝑪𝟒 (𝟐)𝒏−𝟒 𝟑𝟒 𝟏𝟓 35 ကို အေ်ခေရာထပးညႊနး့ပါ မ္ဥး့သာ့ 
.𝒏 𝑪𝟑 ( 𝟐𝟏 ) 𝟖𝟒 𝟑𝟕
𝒏−𝟑 = 𝟑𝟓
.𝒏 𝑪𝟑 (
𝟒
)( 𝟑𝟏 ) 𝟏𝟓𝟓 37 ကို ထပးညႊနး့တစးခုတညး့ မ္ဥး့သာ့ 
𝟒 𝟒 𝟑𝟕 𝟐
= 5 ႏြငးံ 7 ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးမြာ 2 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ မ္ာ့သညးံ
𝒏−𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
n–3=5 ထပးညႊနး့ေနရာတျငး 2 က္နး 
n=8 𝟑𝟐
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the expansion of ( 3 + 4x )n , the coefficient of x4 and x5 are in the ratio 5:16.Find the
value of n. Ans ; n = 16 ( 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 3 )
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22.In the expansion of ( 3 + 4x )n , the coefficient of x4 and x5 are in the ratio 3:4. Find the
value of n.Calculate the ratio of the coefficient of x5 and x6. ( 2009 ရခိုငး / No 49 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y )n = nCr x n – r y r ထပးညႊနး့ပါအပိုငး့ကိနး့မ္ာ့ ေခ္်ခငး့
မသိကိနး့ ထပးညႊနး့
𝟑𝒏−𝟓
for x4 and x5 , r = 4 and r = 5  3n–5 ႏြငးံ 3
n–7
တျငး ထပးညႊနး့
𝟑𝒏−𝟕
the coefficient of x4 = nC4 ( 3 )n – 4 44 ႏြစးခု n–5 n – 7 အနကး ေရြ႕တနးဖို့ n မြာ
ႏြငးံ
5
the coefficient of x = C5 ( 3 ) n n–5
4 5 အတူတူ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ ထညးံစဥး့စာ့စရာမလို။ – 5 ႏြငးံ
– 7 ႏြစးခု ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးသညးံအခါ – 7 မြာ – 5 ထကး
by given,
.𝒏 𝑪𝟒 (𝟑)𝒏−𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟑 2 ငယးသ်ဖငးံ 3 n – 7 ကို အေ်ခေရာထပးညႊနး့ပါ
= 3 n – 5 ကို ထပးညႊနး့တစးခုတညး့
မ္ဥး့ သာ့်ပီ့
.𝒏 𝑪𝟓 (𝟑)𝒏−𝟓 𝟒𝟓 𝟒
.𝒏 𝑪𝟒 (𝟑)𝒏−𝟒 𝟒𝟒 𝟑 မ္ဥး့သာ့၍ n – 5 ေနရာတျငး 2 ကို ေရ့ေပ့ရပါမညး။
= 𝟑𝒏−𝟓 𝟑𝒏−𝟓𝟐 𝟏
.𝒏 𝑪𝟓 (𝟑)𝒏−𝟓 𝟒𝟓 𝟒 = =
.𝒏 𝑪𝟒 ( 𝟑 ) 𝟑 𝟑𝒏−𝟕 𝟑𝒏−𝟕 𝟑𝟐
𝒏−𝟒 = 5 ႏြငးံ 7 ်ခာ့နာ့ခ္ကးမြာ 2 ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ မ္ာ့သညးံ
.𝒏 𝑪𝟒 ( 𝟓 )( 𝟒 ) 𝟒 𝟏
𝟓 ထပးညႊနး့ေနရာတျငး 2 က္နး 
𝟑𝟐
=1
𝒏−𝟒
n–4=5
n=9

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
the coefficient of x5 = 9C5 ( 3 )9 – 5 45 = 9C4 ( 3 )4 45

the coefficient of x6 = 9C6 ( 3 )9 – 6 46 = 9C3 ( 3 )3 46
𝟓 𝟔
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙 .𝟗 𝑪𝟒 (𝟑)𝟒 𝟒𝟓 .𝟗 𝑪𝟑 ( )( 𝟑 ) 𝟔𝐱𝟑 𝟗
𝟒
𝟔= 𝟗 = = =
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙 . 𝑪𝟑 (𝟑)𝟑 𝟒𝟔 .𝟗 𝑪𝟑 ( 𝟒 ) 𝟒𝐱𝟒 𝟖
5 6
the ratio of the coefficient of x and x = 9:8
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23.In the expansion of ( 1 – 2x )n , the sum of the coefficient of x and x2 is 16.Given that n
is
positive, find the value of n and the coefficient of x3. ( 2018 ်ပညးတျငး / No 7 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – 2x )n = nCr (– 2 )r xr
for x , r = 1
the coefficient of x = nC1 (– 2 ) = – 2n
for x2 , xr = x2 and r = 2
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )
the coefficient of x2 = nC2 (– 2 )2 = ( 4 ) = 2n2 – 2n
𝟐
by given,
2n2 – 2n + ( – 2n ) = 16
2n2 – 2n – 2n = 16
2n2 – 4n – 16 = 0
n2 – 2n – 8 = 0
( n – 4 )( n + 2 ) = 0
n = 4 ( or ) n = – 2 ( reject because n is positive )
the coefficient of x = 4C3 (– 2 )3 = – 8 x 4C1 = – 8 x 4 = – 32
3
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𝒌 10
24. In the expansion of ( x + ) , the coefficient of x– 6 and the term independent of x are
𝒙
in the ratio 10:7. Find the value of k. ( 2009 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 43 )
Solution
𝒌 10 10
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + ) = Cr ( x ) 10 – r kr x – r
𝒙
= 10Cr kr x 10 – 2r
for x –6 , 10 – 2r = – 6 and 2r = 16 , r = 8
the coefficient of x –6 = 10C8 k8 = 10C2 k8
for the term independent of x , 10 – 2r = 0 and 2r = 10 , r = 5
the term independent of x = 10C5 k5
by given,
.𝟏𝟎 𝑪𝟐 𝒌𝟖 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
=
. 𝑪𝟓 𝒌 𝟕
( 7 ) C k = 10 x 10C
10 3
2 5
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗 𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖𝟐 𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝟐
(7) k3 = 102 x
𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓
k 3 = 23
k=2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. Prove that the coefficient of xn in the expansion of ( 1 + x )2n in double the coefficience
of xn in the expansion of ( 1 + x )2n – 1 . ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 19 ) - Text Book )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )2n = 2nCr xr
for xn, r = n
the coefficient of xn = 2nC
n
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x ) 2n – 1 = 2n – 1Cr xr
for xn, r = n
the coefficient of xn = 2n – 1Cn
𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ………………….( 𝟐𝒏−𝒏+𝟏)
.𝟐𝒏 𝑪𝒏 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………𝒏
= 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ………………….( 𝟐𝒏−𝟏−𝒏+𝟏)
.𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝑪𝒏
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………𝒏
𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ………………….( 𝒏+𝟏)
=
𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …………………( 𝒏+𝟏)𝒏
.𝟐𝒏 𝑪𝒏 𝟐𝒏
= =2
.𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝑪𝒏 𝒏
2nC = 2 2n – 1 Cn
n
The coefficient of xn in the expansion of ( 1 + x )2n in double the coefficience of xn in the
expansion of ( 1 + x )2n – 1 .
ရြငး့လငး့ခ္ကး
8
8 သညး 4 ၏ ႏြစးဆ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပပါဆိုပါက သညး 2 ႏြငးံ ညီေၾကာငး့်ပေပ့ရမညး။ ်ပီ့လြ္ငး ပိင
ု း့ေ်ခ 4 ကို 2 ်ဖငးံ
4
သျာ့ေ်မြာကး်ပီ့ 8 သညး 4 ၏ ႏြစးဆ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့်ပေပ့ရမညး။
8
= 2  8 = 2 ( 4 )   8 is double of 4.
4
ပုစာၦတျငး ေရြ႕ေကာငးရြိ xn ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့သညး ေနာကးေကာငးရြိ xn ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့၏ ႏြစးဆ်ဖစးေၾကာငး့
ေရြ႕ေကာငးရြိ 𝒙𝒏 ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့
်ပပါဆိုသ်ဖငးံ သညး 2 ႏြငးံ ညီေၾကာငး့်ပေပ့ရမညး။ ဤတျငး ေရြ႕ေကာငးရြိ
ေနာကးေကာငးရြိ 𝒙𝒏 ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့
xn ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့သညး 2nCn ႏြငးံ ေနာကးေကာငးရြိ xn ၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့သညး 2n – 1Cn ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
nC ကို အက္ယးဖျငးံလ္ြငး ( 1 ) ပိုငး့ေဝရြိ ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြာ အေပၚထဲက ေအာကးႏႈတး 1 ေပါငး့ ( 2 ) ပိုငး့ေ်ခရြိ

r
ေနာကးဆုဵ့ကိနး့မြာ r ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ nCr ၏ အက္ယးဖျငးံခ္ကးမြာ

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
nC = 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒏−𝟐 …………….( 𝒏−𝒓+𝟏) ဆို်ပီ့ ရလာမညး။

r 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………..…………𝒓
အကယး၍ n ေနရာတျငး 2n ႏြငးံ r ေနရာတျငး n ဆိုပါက
2nC = 𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …….( 𝟐𝒏−𝒏+𝟏) = 𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …….( 𝒏+𝟏) ်ဖစးလာမညး။
n 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………..…………𝒏 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………..…𝒏
အကယး၍ n ေနရာတျငး 2n – 1 ႏြငးံ r ေနရာတျငး n ဆိုပါက

2n – 1 C = 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …….( 𝟐𝒏−𝟏−𝒏+𝟏) = 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ………………..𝒏 ်ဖစးလာမညး။
n 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………..…………𝒏 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱……………………..…𝒏
2n – 1 C ကို 2nC ်ဖငးံစာ့သညးံအခါ ပိုငး့ေ်ခရြိ 1 x 2 x 3 x …….. x n အခ္ငး့ခ္ငး့ ေၾကသျာ့မညး။
n n
𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …….( 𝒏+𝟏)
.𝟐𝒏 𝑪𝒏 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱…………………………𝒏 𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ………( 𝒏+𝟏)
= 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ……….………...𝒏 =
.𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝑪𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …………..………𝒏
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱…………….……………𝒏
ပိုငး့ေဝတျငး 100 မြ 81 အထိ ၾကီ့စဥးငယးလိုကးဆငး့သျာ့်ပီ့ ပိုငး့ေျခတျငး 99 မြ 80 အထိ ၾကီ့စဥးငယးလိုကးဆငး့သျာ့
ေသာ အပိုငး့ကိနး့တစးခုကို ၾကညးးံလ္ြငး
100x99x98x………… x 83x82x81 100(100–1 )(100–2 )……(80+3)(80+2)(80+1)

=
99x98x………… x 83x82x81x80 (100–1 )(100–2 )……(80+3)(80+2)(80+1)80
ေရြ႕မြဆငး့သျာ့လ္ြငး 1 စီေလ္ြာံ်ပီ့ ဆငး့ေပ့သျာ့ရမညး။ ေနာကးမြ်ပနးတကးလာလ္ြငး 1 စီတို့်ပီ့ တကးလာရမညး။ ထို႔
ေၾကာငးံ 80 ေရြ႕တျငး (80+1) ရြိသညး။ (80+1) ေရြ႕တျငး (80+2) ရြိသညး။ ထို႕အတူ n ေရြ႕တျငး ( n+1)
ရြိသညး။ ( n+1) ေရြ႕တျငး ( n+2) ရြိသညး။ အထကးပါပုဵစဵတျငး ပိုငး့ေ်ခေရာပိုငး့ေဝပါ တူညီေသာၾကာ့ပိုငး့ ်ဖစးသညးံ
(100–1 )(100–2 )…(80+3)(80+2)(80+1) ကို ေ်ခေပ့ ရပါမညး။ ဤသေဘာေလ့နာ့လညးလ္ြငး
.𝟐𝒏 𝑪𝒏 𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 ………( 𝒏+𝟏) 𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …..……( 𝒏+𝟏) 𝟐𝒏

= = =
.𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝑪𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …………..………𝒏 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟐𝒏−𝟐 …….....( 𝒏+𝟏)𝒏 𝒏
ကို နာ့လညးမညး ်ဖစးသညး။ ေခ္ရာတျငး ကိနး့တစးလုဵ့ခ္ငး့ မေခ္ပဲ ၾကာပိုငး့တစးခုလုဵ့ကို မ္ဥး့သာ့်ပီ့ေခ္ေပ့ပါ။
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26.In the expansion of ( 1 + x )n , the coefficient of x5 is the A.M of coefficient of x4 and x6 .
Find n. (2004 ပဲခူ့ / No 90 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )n = nCr xr
for x4, x5 and x6 , r = 4 , 5 and 6
the coefficient of x4 = nC4
by given,
the coefficient of x5 is the A.M of coefficient of x4 and x6
n .𝒏𝑪𝟒 +.𝒏𝑪𝟔
C5 = 𝟐
2 nC5 = nC4 + nC6

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒏−𝟒 𝒏−𝟒 (𝒏−𝟓)
2 nC4 ( ) = nC4 + nC4 ( )
𝟓 𝟓𝐱𝟔
n 𝟐𝒏−𝟖 n 𝒏𝟐 −𝟗𝒏+𝟐𝟎
C4 x = C4 ( 1 + )
𝟓 𝟑𝟎
𝟐𝒏−𝟖 𝒏𝟐 −𝟗𝒏+𝟐𝟎
=1+
𝟓 𝟑𝟎
𝟐𝒏−𝟖 𝟑𝟎+𝒏𝟐 −𝟗𝒏+𝟐𝟎
=
𝟓 𝟑𝟎
𝟐𝒏−𝟖 𝒏𝟐 −𝟗𝒏+𝟓𝟎
=
𝟓𝟏 𝟑𝟎𝟔
12n – 48 = n2 – 9n + 50
n2 – 9n – 12n + 50 + 48 = 0
n2 – 21n + 98 = 0
( n – 7 )( n – 14 ) = 0
n = 7 or 14
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( 2 ) Binomial တစးးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ တနးးဖို့မ္ာ့ေပ့်ပီ့မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
27. Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 1 – ax )6 is 60 and that a > 0 , find
the value of a. ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 17 ) - Text Book )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – ax )6 = 6Cr (–a )r xr
for x2 , r = 2
𝟔𝐱𝟓
the coefficient of x2 = 6C2(–a )2 = a2 = 15a2 .
𝟏𝐱𝟐
by given,
15a2 = 60
a2 = 4 = (  2 ) 2
but a > 0
a=2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the expansion of ( 1 – ax )6 , x ≠ 0 , the coefficient of x4 is 90. Find the value of a.
Ans ; a = ± 3 ( 2004 မေကျ့ / No 88 )
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28. Given that the coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of ( 3 + x )20 are a and b
𝒂
respectively, evaluate . ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 18 ) - Text Book )( 2002 ကခ္ငး / No 97 )
𝒃
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 3 + x )20 = 20Cr ( 3 ) 20 – r xr
for x2 and x3, r = 2 and 3
the coefficient of x2 = a = 20C2( 3 ) 20 – 2 = 20
C2( 3 ) 18
the coefficient of x3 = b = 20C3( 3 ) 20 – 3 = 20
C3( 3 ) 17

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂 .𝟐𝟎 𝑪𝟐 𝟑𝟏𝟖 .𝟐𝟎 𝑪𝟐 ( 𝟑 ) 𝟑 𝟏
= = 𝟏𝟖 = =
𝒃 .𝟐𝟎 𝑪 𝟑 𝟑𝟏𝟕 .𝟐𝟎 𝑪 𝟐( 𝟑 ) 𝟔 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 𝒙
29.The coefficient of x in the expansion of ( 1 + )n is 7 , find the value of n.
𝟐
( 2007 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 67 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y )n = nC x n – r y r
r
𝒙 n n 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + ) = Cr ( ) r xr
𝟐 𝟐
for x3, r = 3
𝟏 𝟏
the coefficient of x3 = nC ( )3 = nC ( )
3 𝟐 3 𝟖
by given ,
n 𝟏
C3 ( ) = 7
𝟖
n
C3 = 8 x 7
𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐)
=8x7
n(n–1)(n–2)=8x7x6
n=8
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( 3 ) Binomial တစးးခု၏ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ေပ့်ပီ့မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏
30.In the binomial expansion of ( 1 + )n , the 3rd term is twice the 4th term . Calculate
𝟒
the value of n. ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 14 ) - Text Book ) ( 02 ပဲခူ့ / No 96 )( 11 မႏၱေလ့ / No 24 )
Solution
𝟏 n n 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + ) = Cr ( )r
𝟒 𝟒
n 𝟏 2 n 𝟏
3rd term = ( 2 + 1 )th term = C2 ( ) = C2 ( )
𝟒 𝟒𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = nC3 ( )3 = nC3 ( 𝟑 )
𝟒 𝟒
by given ,
n 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
C2 ( ) = 2 nC3 ( ) = 2 nC3 ( ) = nC3 ( )
𝟒𝟐 𝟒𝟑 𝟒𝟐 𝟐
n n (𝒏−𝟐) 𝟏
C2 = C2 ( )( )
𝟑 𝟐
(𝒏−𝟐)
1 =
𝟔
n–2=6
n=8
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𝟑 n
The 3rd term of the expansion of ( 1 + ) is 6 times the 2nd term. Find n.
𝟓

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Ans ; n = 21( 2004 ရနးကုနး / No 86 )
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𝟏
31. In the expansion of ( 1 + )n , the 3rd term and the 4th term are in the ratio 3:2. Find
𝟑
n and the middle term of the expansion. ( 2011 ပဲခူ့၊ ရခိုငး / No 27 )
Solution
𝟏 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + )n = nCr ( )r
𝟑 𝟑
n 𝟏 2 n 𝟏
3rd term = ( 2 + 1 )th term = C2 ( ) = C2 ( 𝟐 )
𝟑 𝟑
n 𝟏 3 n 𝟏
4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = C3 ( ) = C3 ( 𝟑 )
𝟑 𝟑
by given ,
𝟏
.𝒏 𝑪𝟐 ( ) 𝟑
𝟑𝟐
𝟏 =
.𝒏 𝑪𝟑 ( 𝟑 ) 𝟐
𝟑
.𝒏 𝑪𝟐 𝟑
𝒏−𝟐 𝟏 =
.𝒏 𝑪𝟐 ( 𝟑 )( 𝟑 ) 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑
𝒏−𝟐 =
( 𝟗 ) 𝟐
𝟗 𝟑
=
𝒏−𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
=
𝒏−𝟐 𝟐
n–2=6
n=8

𝟖 𝟏 𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝟐 𝐱𝟓 𝟏 𝟕𝟎
Middle term = ( + 1)th term = ( 4 + 1 )th term = = 8C4 ( 𝟒 ) = ( ) =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟖𝟏 𝟖𝟏
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟑 n
In the expansion of ( 1 + ) , the 5th term and the 3rd term are in the ratio 9:16 . Find n.
𝟒
Ans ; n = 6 ( 2012 မျနး၊ကရငး၊ တနသၤာရီ / No 18 )
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32. Write down the 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of ( a + bx ) n. If these terms are
equal , show that 3a = ( n – 2 ) bx . ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 20 ) - Text Book )/ ( 2006 ဧရာွတီ / No
77 )
( or )
If these terms are equal , find the value of a in term of n, b and x. ( 2010 မေကျ့ / No 33 )
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( r + 1 )th term for ( a + bx )n = nCr a n – r b r x r

𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏)
3rd term = ( 2 + 1 )th term = nC2 a n – 2 b 2 x 2 = an–2b2x2
𝟐
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏)(𝒏−𝟐) n – 3 3 3
4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = nC3 a n – 3 b 3 x 3 = a b x
𝟔
by given ,
nC a n – 2 b 2 x 2 = nC a n – 3 b 3 x 3
2 3
nC a = nC (𝒏−𝟐) bx
2 2 𝟑
(𝒏−𝟐)𝒃𝒙
a=  2010 မေကျ့ အေ်ဖ
𝟑
3a = ( n – 2 ) bx .  Text Book ႏြငးံ 2006 ဧရာွတီအတျကး အေ်ဖ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write down the 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of ( a – bx )n. If these terms are equal ,
find the value of a in term of n, b and x. ( 2010 ရခိုငး / No 38 )
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏) n – 2 2 2 𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏)(𝒏−𝟐) n – 3 3 3 (𝒏−𝟐)𝒃𝒙
Ans ; 3rd term = a b x , 4th term = – a b x ,a=–
𝟐 𝟔 𝟑
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33. Write down the 4th and 5th terms in the expansion of ( a + bx )9. If these terms are
𝟐𝒂
equal , show that x = 𝟑𝒃 . ( 2012 ရခိင ု း / No 14 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( a + bx )9 = 9Cr a 9 – r b r x r
4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = 9C a 9 – 3 b 3 x 3 = 9
C a6 b3 x3
3 3
5 term = ( 4 + 1 ) term = C4 a 9 – 4 b 4 x 4 =
th th 9 9
C4 a5 b4 x4
by given ,
9C a6 b3x3 = 9C a5 b4 x4
3 4
9C a = 9C ( 𝟔 ) bx = 𝟑 bx
3 3 𝟒 𝟐
𝟐𝒂
=x
𝟑𝒃
𝟐𝒂
x= .
𝟑𝒃
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Write down the 3rd and 4th terms in the expansion of ( a + bx )9 . If these terms are equal ,
show that 3a = 7bx . ( 2009 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 51 )
Ans ; 3rd term = 9C2 a7 b2 x2 , 4th term = 9C3 a6 b3 x3
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( 4 ) Binomial တစးးခု၏ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ တနးးဖို့မ္ာ့ေပ့်ပီ့မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟐 n
34. In the expansion of ( x2 – ) in descending powers of x , the 5th term is indenpendent
𝒙

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
of x. Find the value of n and the 4th term. ( 2011 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 26 )
Solution
𝟐 n
( r + 1 )th term for ( x2 – ) = nCr ( x2 )n – r ( – 2 )r x – r
𝒙
= nCr x 2n – 2r (– 2 )r x – r
= nCr (– 2 )r x 2n – 3r
5th term = ( 4 + 1 )th term = nC4 (– 2 )4 x 2n – 12 = 16 nC4 x 2n – 12
for the term independent of x , 2n – 12 = 0 and n = 6
4th term =( 3 + 1 )th term = 6C (– 2 )3 x12 – 9
3
𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒
= – 8 6C3 x3 = – 8x3( ) = – 8x3 ( 20 ) = – 160 x3
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35. The first three terms in the binomial expansion of ( a + b ) n , in ascending powers of b
𝒒𝟐 𝟐𝒏
are denoted by p, q and r respectively. Show that = .
𝒑𝒓 𝒏−𝟏
( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 21 ) - Text Book )( 2014 ရခိုငး / No 7 ) ( 2003 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 93 )
Solution
𝒏𝟐 −𝒏 n–2 2
( a + b )n = an + n an–1 b + a b + …………
𝟐
by given ,
p = an
𝒏𝟐 −𝒏 n–2 2
r= a b
𝟐
𝒏𝟐 −𝒏 n–2 2 𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 2n–2 2
pr = an x a b = a b
𝟐 𝟐
q = n an–1 b
q2 = n2 a2n–2 b2
𝒒𝟐 𝒏𝟐 𝒂𝟐𝒏−𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝟐𝒏
= 𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) = .
𝒑𝒓 𝒂𝟐𝒏−𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒏−𝟏
𝟐
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36. The first four terms in the binomial expansion of ( a + b ) n , in descending powers of a
are denoted by w , x , y and z respectively. Show that ( n – 2 ) xy = 3nwz .
( 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 6 ) ( 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 11 )
Solution
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) n–2 2 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) n–3 3
( a + b )n = an + n an–1 b + a b + a b +…………
𝟐 𝟔
by given ,
𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) n–3 3
w = an , z = a b
𝟔
𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) n–3 3 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) 2n–3 3
wz = an ( a b )= a b
𝟔 𝟔

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
x = n an–1 b
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) n–2 2
y= a b
𝟐
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) n–2 2 𝒏𝟐 ( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 2n–3 3
xy = n an–1 b ( a b )= a b
𝟐 𝟐
𝒏𝟐 ( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 𝟐𝒏−𝟑 𝟑
𝒙𝒚 𝒂 𝒃 𝒏 𝟑𝒏
𝟐
= 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) 𝟐𝒏−𝟑 𝟑 = (𝒏−𝟐 ) =
𝒘𝒛 𝒂 𝒃 ( 𝒏−𝟐 )
𝟏𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝟑
 ( n – 2 ) xy = 3nwz .
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37. If a1 , a2 , a3 and a4 are any four consecutive coefficients in the expansion of ( 1 + x )n,
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟑 𝟐𝒂𝟐
then show that + = . ( 2013 ရခုိငး / No 8 )
𝒂𝟏 +𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 +𝒂𝟒 𝒂𝟐 +𝒂𝟑
Solution

( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )n = nCr x r
Let a1 = the coefficient of ( r + 1 )th term = nCr
a2 = the coefficient of ( r + 2 )th term = nCr+1 = nCr (

𝒏−𝒓
)
𝒓+𝟏
a3 = the coefficient of ( r + 3 )th term = nCr+2 = nCr+1 (

𝒏−𝒓−𝟏
𝒓+𝟐
)
a4 = the coefficient of ( r + 4 )th term = nCr+3 = nCr + 2 (

𝒏−𝒓−𝟐
)
𝒓+𝟑
by given ,
𝒂𝟏 ,𝒏 𝑪𝒓 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓 𝟏 𝒓+𝟏
= = 𝒏−𝒓 = 𝒏−𝒓 = 𝒓+𝟏+𝒏−𝒓 =
𝒂𝟏 +𝒂𝟐 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓 +.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓 +.𝒏 𝑪𝒓 ( ) .𝒏 𝑪𝒓 ( 𝟏+ ) ( ) 𝒏+𝟏
𝒓+𝟏 𝒓+𝟏 𝒓+𝟏
𝒂𝟑 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓 +𝟐 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐
= = 𝒏−𝒓−𝟐 = 𝒏−𝒓−𝟐
𝒂𝟑 +𝒂𝟒 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐 +.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟑 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐 +.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐 ( 𝒓+𝟑 ) .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐 ( 𝟏+ )
𝒓+𝟑
𝟏 𝒓+𝟑
= 𝒓+𝟑+𝒏−𝒓−𝟐 =
( ) 𝒏+𝟏
𝒓+𝟑
𝟐𝒂𝟐 𝟐.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 𝟐.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 𝟐.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏

= = 𝒏−𝒓−𝟏 = 𝒏−𝒓−𝟏
𝒂𝟐 +𝒂𝟑 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 +.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟐 .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 +.𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 ( ) .𝒏 𝑪𝒓+𝟏 ( 𝟏+ )
𝒓+𝟐 𝒓+𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 (𝒓+𝟐) 𝟐𝒓+𝟒
= 𝒓+𝟐+𝒏−𝒓−𝟏 = =
( ) 𝒏+𝟏 𝒏+𝟏
𝒓+𝟐

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟑 𝒓+𝟏 𝒓+𝟑 𝟐𝒓+𝟒 𝟐𝒂𝟐
+ = + = =
𝒂𝟏 +𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 +𝒂𝟒 𝒏+𝟏 𝒏+𝟏 𝒏+𝟏 𝒂𝟐 +𝒂𝟑
n
Cr တနးဖို့မြ r တနးဖို့ 1 ေလ္ြာလံ ိုပါက ( ဥပမာ nC n
r – 1 ေ်ပာငး့လုိပါက ) ေ်ပာငး့လိုကးသညးံ Cr – 1 အာ့
ပိုငး့ေ်ခတျငး ေအာကးတနးဖို့ ( r – 1 ) ထကး 1 ႀကီ့သညးံတနးဖို့ ( r ) ႏြငးံ ပိုငး့ေွ တျငး အေပၚမြ ေအာကးကို
ႏႈတး်ခငး့တနးဖို့ ( n – ( r – 1 ) = n – r + 1 ) မ္ာ့ရြိသညးံ အပိုငး့ကိနး့်ဖငးံ ေ်မြာကးေပ့ရပါမညး။
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38. In the binomial expansion of ( 1 + x )n , the first three terms are 1 + 3 + 4 + …. Calculate
the numerical values of n and x, and the value of the 4 th term of the expansion. ( 2014
ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 10 )
Solution
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 2 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) 3
( 1 + x )n = 1 + nx + x + x + …………
𝟐 𝟔
by given ,
( 1 + x )n = 1 + 3 + 4 + …………
nx = 3 ……… ( 1 )
𝒏( 𝒏−𝟏 ) 2 𝒏𝒙( 𝒏𝒙−𝒙 ) 𝟑( 𝟑−𝒙 )
x = = =4
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
9 – 3x = 8
𝟏
x= in Eq ( 1 )
𝟑
nx = 3
𝟏
( )n=3
𝟑
n=9
𝟏
if x = , n=9,
𝟑
𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐 ) 3 𝟗𝐱𝟖𝐱𝟕 𝟏 3 𝟗𝟏 𝐱𝟖𝟒 𝐱𝟕 𝟏 𝟐𝟖
4th term = x = ( ) = ( )=
𝟔 𝟔 𝟑 𝟔𝟑 𝟐𝟕𝟑 𝟗
Given that ( 1 – ax )n = 1 – 12x + 63x3 + ………., find a and n.
𝟑
Ans ; a = – , n = 8 ( 2013 မေကျ့ / No 3 )
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
39. Given that ( p – x )6 = r – 96x + sx3 + ………., find p , r , s. ( 2015 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 2 )
𝟐
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(p – x )6 = p6 + 6p5( – x ) + 15p4( – x )2 + …………
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏𝟓 4 2
(p – x )6 = p6 – 3p5x + p x + …………
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏
(p – x )6 = r – 96x + sx2 + ………. ( by given )
𝟐
3p5 = 96
p5 = 32 = 25

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
p=2
r = p6 = 26 = 64
𝟏𝟓 4 𝟏𝟓
s= p = ( 2 )4 = 15 x 4 = 60
𝟒 𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒒 n
40. Write down the fourth term in the binomial expansion of ( px + ) . If these term is
𝒙
independent of x , find the value of n. With this value of n , calculate the value of p and q
given that the fourth term is equal to 160, both p and q are positive and p – q = 1.
Solution ( 2013 မႏ ၱေလ့ / No 2 )

𝒒 n n
( r + 1 )th term for ( px + ) = Cr p n – r ( x ) n – r q r x –r
𝒙
= nC p n – r q r x n – 2r
r
4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = nC3 pn – 3 q3 xn – 6
for the term independent of x , n – 6 = 0 and n = 6

4th term = 6C3 p6 – 3 q3 = 6C3 p3 q3
by given ,
6
C3 p3 q3 = 160 and p – q = 1 , p = 1 + q
( pq )3 = 160
( pq )3 = 8 = 23
pq = 2
( 1 + q )q = 2
q + q2 = 2
q2 + q – 2 = 0
( q – 1 )( q + 2 ) = 0
q = 1 ( or ) q = – 2 ( reject )
if q = 1 , p = 1 + q = 1 + 1 = 2
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Binomial ႏြစးခု
Binomial ႏြစးခု၏ ( တူညီေသာအၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့တစးခု ( သို႔ ) ထိုကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ /
မတူညီေသာ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ႏြစးခု ( သို႔ ) ထိုကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့မ္ာ့ ) ေပ့်ပီ့ မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ
ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( 1 ) Binomial ႏြစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ေပ့်ပီ့မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

41. If the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ( 3 + 2x ) 6 is equal to the coefficient of x4 in
the expansion of ( k + 3x )6 , find k. ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 3 ) - Text Book )( 05 ရခိုင/း No 85 )
Find the 4 term in the second binomial.
th ( 2010 ရနးကုနး / No 31 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 3 + 2x )6 = 6Cr ( 3 )6 – r 2rxr

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
for x4 , r = 4
the coefficient of x4 = 6C ( 3 )6 – 4 24 = 6C2 32 24
4
( r + 1 ) term for ( k + 3x )6 = 6Cr ( k )6 – r 3rxr
th
for x4 , r = 4
the coefficient of x4 = 6C4 ( k )6 – 4 34 = 6C2 k2 34
by given,
6C 32 24 = 6C k2 342
2 2
24 = k2 32
𝟐𝟒
k2 =
𝟑𝟐
𝟐𝟐 𝟒
k=  = 
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒
Then ( k + 3x )6 = (  + 3x )6
𝟑
𝟒 𝟒 𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒 𝟒𝟑
4th = ( 3 + 1 )th term in (  + 3x )6 = 6C3 (  )6 – 3 33x3 =  ( ) 33x3 =  1280 x3
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑 𝟑𝟑
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ( 3 + 2x )6 is equal to the coefficient of x4 in the
expansion of ( 2k + 3x )6 , find k.
𝟐
Ans ; k =  ( 08 ရနးကုနး၊စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့၊ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 53 )( 14 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 6 )
𝟑
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42. The coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 2x + k )6 is equal to the coefficient of x5 in
the expansion of ( 2 + kx )8 . Find k.
Solution ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 11 ) - Text )( 05 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့၊ဧရာွတီ၊ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ – 07 ရခိုငး / No 68 )
( r + 1 )th term for ( 2x + k )6 = 6Cr ( 2 )6 – r ( x )6 – r kr = 6Cr 26 – r kr x6 – r
for x2 , x6 – r = x2
6–r=2 ,6–2 =r,r=4
the coefficient of x2 = 6C4 26 – 4 k4 = 6C2 22 k4
( r + 1 )th term for ( 2 + kx )8 = 8Cr 2 8 – r krxr
for x5 , r = 5
the coefficient of x5 = 8C5 28 – 5 k5 = 8C3 23 k5
by given,
6C 22 k4 = 8C 23 k51
2 3
𝟔𝐱𝟓 𝟖𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔
= 2k
𝟏𝐱𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
15 = 56 x 2k = 112k
𝟏𝟓
k=
𝟏𝟏𝟐
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 1 + ax )6 is equal to the coefficient of
𝟏
x2 in the expansion of ( 2 – x )10 , find the value of a. Ans ; a = ± 8 ( 13 ပဲခူ့ / No 5 )
𝟑
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 1 + ax )6 is equal to the coefficient of
𝟏
x2 in the expansion of ( 2 – x )10 , find the value of a.
𝟑
Ans; a = 4 ( 07 ရနးကုနး 03 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 62 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The ratio of the coefficient of x4 in the expansion of ( 3 – 2x )6 and the coefficient of x4 in
the expansion of ( k + 2x )7 is 1:7. Find the value of k.
Ans ; k = 3( 2014 ဧရာွတီ / No 5 )( 2008 ကခ္ငး / No 60 )
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( 2 ) Binomial ႏြစးခု၏ အၾကိမးေ်မာကးကိနး့ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးမ္ာ့ေပ့်ပီ့မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ -ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
43. If the 2nd and 3rd term ( a + b )n are in in the same ratio as the 3rd and 4th in the
expansion of ( a + b )n+3, then find n. ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 12 ) - Text Book )( 2015 -
်ပညးတျငး့ / No 1 )
Calculate the middle term of ( a + b )n+ 3 . ( 2011 ရြမး့ ၊ ကယာ့ / No 30 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y )n = nCr xn – r y r
( r + 1 )th term for ( a + b )n = nCr an – r br
2nd term = ( 1 + 1 )th term = nC1 an – 1 b1 = n an – 1 b
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏)
3rd term = ( 2 + 1 )th term = an – 2 b 2
𝟐
𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒏 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒃 𝟐𝒂
= 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏) 𝒏−𝟐 𝟐 =
𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 ( 𝒏−𝟏 )𝒃
( r + 1 )th term for ( a + b ) n+3 = n+3 C an+ 3 – r br
r
𝒏+𝟑 (𝒏+𝟐) n+1 2
3rd term = ( 2 + 1 )th term = n+3 C2 an+3–2 b2 = n+3C2 an+1 b2 = a b
𝟐
𝒏+𝟑 (𝒏+𝟐) 𝒏+𝟏
4th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = n+3C3 a n+3–3 b3 = n+3C3 an b3 = an b 3
( 𝒏+𝟑)(𝒏+𝟐 ) 𝒏+𝟏 𝟐
𝟑𝒓𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒂 𝒃 𝟑𝒂
𝟐
= ( 𝒏+𝟑)(𝒏+𝟐 )(𝒏+𝟏) 𝒏 𝟑 =
𝟒𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒂 𝒃 ( 𝒏+𝟏 )𝒃
𝟏𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟑
By given ,
𝟐𝒂 𝟑𝒂
=
( 𝒏−𝟏 )𝒃 ( 𝒏+𝟏 )𝒃
2n + 2 = 3n – 3
2 + 3 = 3n – 2n
n=5
Then ( a + b )n+3 = ( a + b )8
𝟖 𝟖𝟐 𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟓 4 4
Middle term = ( + 1)th term = (4 + 1)th term = 8 C4 a8 – 4 b4 = a b = 70 a4b4
𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) Binomial ႏြစးခုေ်မြာကးလဒးရြိ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ေပ့်ပီ့ မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
𝟏
44. Expand ( – 2x )5 up to the term in x3 .If the coefficience of x2 in the expansion of
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏𝟑
( 1 + ax + 3x2 )( – 2x )5 is , find the coefficient of x3 . ( 14 မေကျ့၊ စစးကိုငး့၊ ခ္ငး့ / No 3 )
𝟐 𝟐
Solution
𝟏 𝟏 5 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( – 2x )5 =( ) + 5( )4( – 2x ) + 10( )3( – 2x )2 + 10( )2( – 2x )3 + ………
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= – 5 ( 𝟒 )( 2 ) x + 10( 𝟑 )( 2 ) x – 10( 𝟐 )( 23 ) x 3 + ………
2 2
𝟑𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2 3
= – 5( ) x + 10( )x – 10( 2 )x + ………
𝟑𝟐 𝟐𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 𝟓
= – x + 5x 2 – 20x 3 + ………
𝟑𝟐 𝟖
𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
( 1 + ax + 3x2 )( – 2x )5 = ( 1 + ax + 3x2 )( – x + 5x 2 – 20x 3 + ……… )
𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟖
𝟓𝒂 𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝟎−𝟐𝟎𝒂+𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝟑−𝟐𝟎𝒂
the coefficient of x2 = 5– + = =
𝟖 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟑𝟐
By given ,
𝟏𝟔𝟑−𝟐𝟎𝒂 𝟏𝟑
=
𝟑𝟐 𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝟑−𝟐𝟎𝒂
= 13
𝟏𝟔
163 – 20a = 13 x 16 = 208
– 20a = 208 – 163 = 45
𝟗
a=–
𝟒
𝟗
( 1 + ax + 3x2 ) =(1– x + 3x2 )
𝟒
𝟗 𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟓
(1– x + 3x2 )( – 2x )5 = ( 1 – x + 3x2 )( – x + 5x 2 – 20x 3 + ……… )
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑𝟐 𝟖
𝟗 𝟓
The coefficient of x3 = – 20 + 5 ( – ) + 3 ( – )
𝟒 𝟖
𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟓 −𝟏𝟔𝟎−𝟗𝟎−𝟏𝟓 −𝟐𝟔𝟓
= – 20 – – = =
𝟒 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45. Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 4 + kx )( 2 – x )6 is zero . Find the
value of k. ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 16 ) - Text Book )
Solution
( 4 + kx )( 2 – x )6 = ( 4 + kx )( ( 26 + 6( 2 )5( – x ) + 15( 2 )4( – x )2 + …….…… )
= ( 4 + kx )( ( 64 – 6( 32 )x + 15( 16 ) x2 – …………. )
= ( 4 + kx )( ( 64 – 192x + 240x2 – …………. )
the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 4 + kx )( 2 – x )6 = 4( 240 ) – 192k = 960 – 192k
by given ,
960 – 192k = 0
192 k = 960
k=5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 4 + kx )( 2 – x )6 is 384. Find the value
of k and the coefficient of x3 in that expansion.
Ans ; k = 3 , the coefficient of x3 = 80 ( 2011 ရနးကုနး၊ ဧရာွတီ၊ ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ / No 23 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙 6
Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( k + 3x )( 1 – ) is 7. Find the value
𝟐
of k. Ans ; k = 2 ( 2008 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 58 )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46. In the expansion of ( a + bx )( 1 + x ) 6, the coefficient of x2 and x3 are 48 and 85
respectively. Find the value of a and b. ( 2012 ရခိုငး / No 19 )
Solution
( a + bx )( 1 + x )6 = ( a + bx )( ( 1 + 6x + 15x2 + 20x3 + …….…… )
by given ,
the coefficient of x2 = 15a + 6b = 48
5a + 2b = 16 …………. ( 1 )
3
the coefficient of x = 20a + 15b = 85
– eq ( 1 ) x 4 20a + 8b = 64
7b = 21
b = 3 in eq ( 1 )
5a + 2( 3 ) = 5a + 6 = 16
5a = 10 and a = 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47. If , in the expansion of ( 1 + x ) m ( 1 – 2x )n , the coefficient of x and x2 are 3 and – 6
respectively, then find the value of m. ( 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ / No 15 )
Solution
𝒎(𝒎−𝟏 ) 2 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 ) 2
( 1 + x )m ( 1 – x )n = ( 1 + mx + x + …….…… ) ( 1 – nx + x – …….…… )
𝟐 𝟐
the coefficient of x = m – n = 3
 n=m–3
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 ) 𝒎(𝒎−𝟏 )
the coefficient of x2 = + – mn
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒎−𝟑 )(𝒎−𝟑−𝟏 ) 𝒎(𝒎−𝟏 )
= + – mn
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒎−𝟑 )(𝒎−𝟒 ) 𝒎(𝒎−𝟏 )
= + – m( m – 3 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒎𝟐 −𝟕𝒎+𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝟐 −𝒎
= + – ( m2 – 3m )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒎𝟐 −𝟕𝒎+𝟏𝟐+𝒎𝟐 −𝒎
= – m2 + 3m
𝟐
𝟐𝒎𝟐 −𝟖𝒎+𝟏𝟐
= – m2 + 3m
𝟐
= m2 – 4m + 6 – m2 + 3m
= –m+6
by given ,
–m+6=–6
m = 12

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
48. “n” is a positive integer with n > 2 and in the expansion of ( 2 + 3x )( 1 + x ) n the
coefficient of x2 is 48 . Find the value of n Find also the coefficient of x in that expansion.
( or ) ( 2009 ပဲခူ့ / No 46 )
Find the coefficient of x2 and x3 in the expansion of ( 2 + 3x )( 1 + x )n .
Solution ( 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / No 78 )
2009 ပဲခူ့ - အတျကး အေ်ဖ
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 ) 2 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )(𝒏−𝟐 ) 3
( 2 + 3x )( 1 + x )n = ( 2 + 3x )( 1 + nx + x + x + …….…… )
𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )
the coefficient of x2 = 2( ) + 3n = n2 – n + 3n = n2 + 2n = 48
𝟐
n2 + 2n – 48 = 0
( n – 6 )( n + 8 ) = 0
n = 6 ( or ) n = –8 ( reject )
n=6
the coefficient of x = 2n + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15
မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ - အတျကး အေ်ဖ

𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 ) 2 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )(𝒏−𝟐 ) 3
( 2 + 3x )( 1 + x )n = ( 2 + 3x ) ( 1 + nx + x + x + …….…… )
𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )
the coefficient of x2 = 2( ) + 3n = n2 – n + 3n = n2 + 2n
𝟐
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )(𝒏−𝟐 ) 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 ) 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )(𝒏−𝟐 ) 𝟑𝒏(𝒏−𝟏 )

the coefficient of x3 = 2( )+3( )= +
𝟔 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
𝒏−𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝒏−𝟒+𝟗 𝟐𝒏+𝟓
= n( n – 1 )[ + ] = n( n – 1 )[ ] = n( n – 1 )[ ]
𝟑 𝟐 𝟔 𝟔
𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝟐𝒏+𝟓)
=
𝟔
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49. Find in ascending power of x , the first three terms of ( 1 + kx ) 5( 1 – 4x ) .If the
coefficient of x is 16 , find the value of k , and the coefficient of x2 . ( 2012 ရနးကုနး / No 12 )
Solution
( 1 + kx )5 ( 1 – 4x ) = ( 1 – 4x ) ( 1 + kx )5 = ( 1 – 4x )( 1 + 5kx + 10k2x2 + …….…… )
= ( 1 – 4x + 5kx – 20k x2 + 10k2x2 – 40 k2x3 + …… )
= ( 1 + 5kx – 4x + 10k2x2 – 20k x2 – ……… )
= ( 1 + ( 5k – 4 )x + ( 10k2 – 20k ) x2 – ……… )
the coefficient of x = 5k – 4
By given ,
5k – 4 = 16
5k = 20
k=4
if k = 4 , the coefficient of x2 = 10k2 – 20k = 10 x 42 – 20( 4 ) = 160 – 80 = 80
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 2x + 1 )3 ( 2 + kx )5 is – 336 , calculate
the value of k. Ans ; k = – 3 ( 2010 ပဲခူ့ / No 35 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 2 – x )( 1 + kx )5 is 165 , calculate the
𝟏𝟏
value of k. Ans ; k = 3 or – ( 2010 ရြမး့ကယာ့ / No 40 )
𝟒
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙 10
Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( k – 8x )( 1 + ) is 45 , calculate the
𝟐
valueof k. Ans ; k = 3 ( 2008 မေကျ့ / No 55 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 2 + ax )( 1 – 3x )6 is 405 , calculate the
value of a. Ans ; a = 11 ( 2006 ပဲခူ့ / No 76 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 4 ) Binomial ႏြစးခုေပါငး့လဒး၏ ေ်မြာကးေဖားကိနး့ေပ့်ပီ့ မသိကိနး့ရြာခိုငး့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
50. Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( a + x )5 + ( 1 – 2x )6 is – 120.
Calculate the possible values of a.
Solution ( Ex ( 3.2 ) / No ( 10 ) - Text )( 12 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ / No 21 )( 09 မေကျ့ / No 44 )
( r + 1 )th term for ( a + x )5 = 5Cr a5 – r xr
for x3, r = 3
𝟓𝐱𝟒 2
the coefficient of x3 = 5C3 a5 – 3 = 5C2 a2 = a = 10 a2
𝟏𝐱𝟐
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – 2x )6 = 6Cr (– 2 )r xr
for x3, r = 3
the coefficient of x3 = 6C3 (– 2 )3 = – 6C3 23 = – x 8 = – 20 x 8 = – 160
the coefficient of x in the expansion of ( a + x ) + ( 1 – 2x )6 = 10a2 – 160
3 5
by given,
10a2– 160 = – 120
10a2 = 160 – 120 = 40
a2 = 4
a=2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( 2a + x )5 + ( 1 – 2x )6 is – 120.
Calculate the possible value of a. Ans ; a =  1 ( 2008 ရခိုငး / No 59 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given that the coefficient of x3 in the expansion of ( a – x )5 + ( 1 + 2x )6 is 120. Calculate
the possible value of a. Ans ; a =  2 ( 2006 ရခိုငး / No 79 )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the expansion of ( a – x )5 + ( 1 – 2x )6 , the coefficient of x3 is 140.Find the possible
value of a. Ans ; a = 2 (2006 မႏၱေလ့ / No 73 )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51.Given that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 1 + kx )5 + ( 1 – 4x )3 is 138.
Calculate the positive value of k. ( 2012 ပဲခူ့ / No 16 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + kx )5 = 5Cr kr xr
for x2, xr = x2, r = 2
𝟓𝐱𝟒 2
the coefficient of x2 = 5C2 k2 = k = 10 k2
𝟏𝐱𝟐
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – 4x )3 = 3Cr (– 4 )r xr
for x2, r = 2
the coefficient of x2 = 3C2 (– 4 )2 = 3
C1 16 = 3 x 16 = 48
the coefficient of x in the expansion of ( 1 + kx )5 + ( 1 – 4x )3 = 10k2+ 48
2
by given,
10k2 + 48 = 138
10k2 = 138 – 48 = 90
k2 = 9
k=3
but k is positive , k = 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙 3
If the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of ( 1 – ax )6 – ( 2 – ) is 64. find a.
𝟐
Ans ; a = 2 ( 2012 ဧရာွတီ / No 17 )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.In the expansion of ( 1 + x )a + ( 1 + x )b , the coefficient of x and x2 are equal for all
positive integers a and b , prove that 3 ( a + b ) = a2 + b2 . ( 2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ / No 5 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )a = aCr xr
for x , xr = x1 and r = 1
the coefficient of x = aC1 = a
𝒂𝟐 −𝒂
the coefficient of x2 = aC2 =
𝟐
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )b = bCr xr
for x , xr = x1 and r = 1
the coefficient of x = bC = b
1
𝒃𝟐 −𝒃
the coefficient of x2 = bC2 =
𝟐
the coefficient of x for ( 1 + x )a + ( 1 + x )b = a + b
𝒂𝟐 −𝒂 𝒃𝟐 −𝒃 𝒂𝟐 −𝒂+𝒃𝟐 −𝒃 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 −𝒂−𝒃
the coefficient of x2 for ( 1 + x )a + ( 1 + x )b = + = =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
by given ,

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 −𝒂−𝒃
a+b=
𝟐
2a + 2b = a2 + b2 – a – b
2a + a + 2b + b = a2 + b2
3a + 3b = a2 + b2
3 ( a + b ) = a 2 + b2
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ သကးေသ်ပခ္ကးအာ့ သကးေသ်ပရနး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ပုစာၦရြိ for all positive integers ဆိုေသာ
ေပ့ခ္ကးအာ့ ဖယးရြာ့ေပ့ရမညး်ဖစးသညး၊ 3 ( a + b ) = a2 + b2 ဆိုေသာ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးသညး
ကိနး့်ပညးံအာ့လုဵ့အတျကး မေ်ပလညးပါ၊ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
၀ မြတးတနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Find the coefficient of xy4 in the expansion of ( x – 2y )5 . ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 4 / page 49 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x – 2y )5 = 5Cr x5 – r 2r yr = 5Cr 2r x5 – r yr
for xy4 , x5 – r = x1 and yr= y4
5 – r = 1 and r = 4
r = 4 and r = 4
the coefficient of xy4 = 5C4 ( 24 ) = 5C1 ( 16 ) = 5 x 16 = 80
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
Find the coefficient of x10y– 6 in the expansion of ( 2x2– )8 . ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 21 P 50 )
𝟐𝒚𝟐
Ans ; the coefficient of x10y– 6 = – 448
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏
Find the middle term in the expansion of ( 2x – y )6 . ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 7 / page 49 )
𝟐
Solution
𝟏 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 2x – y )6 = 6Cr 26 – r x6 – r ( )r yr
𝟐 𝟐
6 6–r 𝟏
= Cr 2 ( – 1 ) ( 𝒓 ) x6 – r yr = 6Cr 26 – 2r( – 1 )r x6 – r yr
r
𝟐
𝟔
Middle term = ( 𝟐
+ 1)th term = ( 3 + 1 )th term = 6C3 26 – 6 ( – 1 )3 x6 – 3 y3
𝟔𝐱𝟓𝐱𝟒 3 3
=– x y = – 20 x3y3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 10
In the expansion of ( 3x2 – ) , the ( r + 1 )th term is the constant term, find the value
𝒙𝟑
of r. ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 13 / page 49 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y )n = nC xn – r y r
r
𝟐 −𝟐
( r + 1 )th term for ( 3x2 – 𝟑 )10 = 10Cr 310 – r ( x2)10 – r ( 𝒙𝟑 )r
𝒙

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
= 10Cr 310 – r x20 – 2r( –2 ) r x– 3r = 10Cr 310 – r( –2r ) x20 – 5r

for constant term , x20 – 5r = x0
20 – 5r = 0 and r = 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In the expansion of ( 1 – ax2 )8 ,the coefficient of the middle term is 1120 , find the value of
a. ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 16 / page 50 )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – ax2 )8 = 8Cr (– 1 )r ar x2r
𝟖 𝟖𝟐 𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔𝐱𝟓 4 8
Middle term = ( + 1)th term = ( 4 + 1 )th term = 8C4 (– 1 )4 a4x8 = a x
𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒
= 70 a4x8
By given ,
70a4 = 1120
a4 = 16 = ( ± 2 )4
a=±2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 n
In the expansion of ( 1 – ) , the sum of the 2nd term and 3rd term is zero. Find the value
𝟏𝟎
of n . ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 17 / page 50 )
Solution
𝟏 n n 𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 – ) = Cr ( – )r
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝒏
2nd term = ( 1 + 1 )th term = nC1 ( – )= –
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝟏
n 2 𝒏𝟐 −𝒏 𝟏 𝒏𝟐 −𝒏
3rd term = ( 2 + 1 )th term = C2 ( – 𝟏𝟎 ) = ( )=
𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
By given ,
𝒏𝟐 −𝒏 𝒏
+(– )=0
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒏𝟐 −𝒏 𝟐𝟎𝒏
– =0
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒏𝟐 −𝒏−𝟐𝟎𝒏
=0
𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒏𝟐 −𝟐𝟏𝒏
=0
𝟐𝟎𝟎
200 ≠ 0 and so n2 – 21n = 0
n ( n – 21 ) = 0
n ≠ 0 and so n = 21
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
၀ မြတးတနး ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ ( nC ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ )
r
If n+1C4 = 3 nC3 , find the value of n. ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 8 / page 49 )
Solution

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
n+1C = 3 nC ,
4 3
𝒏+𝟏 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐) 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 (𝒏−𝟐)
=3
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑
n + 1 = 12
n = 11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If nCn – 2 = 2 nCn – 4 , find the value of nC3. ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 11 / page 49 )
Solution
nC n
n – 2 = 2 Cn – 4 Alternative Method
nC = 2 nC nC = 2 nC
2 4 2 4
nC = 2 nC x
nC = 2 nC 𝒏−𝟐 (𝒏−𝟑) 2 2
2 2 𝟑𝐱𝟒 𝒏−𝟐 ( 𝒏−𝟑 )
6 = n2– 5n + 6 1=2x
𝟑𝐱𝟒
n2– 5n = 0 3 x 2 = ( n – 2 )( n – 3 )
n(n–5)=0 n–2=3
n ≠ 0 and so n = 5 n=5
𝟓𝐱𝟒
 nC3 = 5C3 = 5C2 = = 10
𝟏𝐱𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If nC1 = n2– 110 , find the value of nC3. ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 14 / page 49 )
Solution
nC = n2– 110
1
n = n2– 110
n2– n – 110 = 0
( n – 11 )( n + 10 ) = 0
n = 11 ( or ) n = – 10
Since n > 0
n = 11
𝟏𝟏𝐱𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗
 nC3 = 11
C3 = = 165
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If nC2 = 6C2 + 30C1 , find the value of nC3. ( လကးေဆာငးသစး No 19 / page 50 )
Solution
nC = 6C + 30C ,
2 2 1
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏) 𝟔𝐱𝟓
= + 30
𝟐 𝟏𝐱𝟐
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏)
= 15 + 30 = 45
𝟐
n ( n - 1 ) = 90 = 10 x 9
n = 10
𝟏𝟎𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖
 nC3 = 10C3 = = 120
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ဥာဏးစမး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. In the expansion of ( 1 + x )4035 , the coefficient of xn – 1 and xn are equal. Find n.
Solution ( Question by Ko Aung Lwin Oo - T.F.S – Education Website )
( r + 1 ) term for ( x + y )
th n = nCr xn – r yr
( k + 1 )th term for ( x + y )m = mCk xm – k yk
( k + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )4035 = 4035Ck xk
for xn – 1 , xn – 1 = xk
n–1=k
the coefficient of xn – 1 = 4035Cn – 1
for xn , xn = xk
n=k
the coefficient of xn = 4035Cn
By given ,
4035C 4035C
n–1= n
4035C 4035C ( 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟓−𝒏+𝟏 )
n–1= n–1 𝒏
( 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟔−𝒏 )
1 =
𝒏
n = 4036 – n
2n = 4036
n = 2018
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. In the expansion of ( 1 + x )4035 , the coefficient of nth term and the coefficient of
( n + 1 )th term are equal. Find n.
( r + 1 ) term for ( x + y ) = Cr xn – r yr
th n n

( n + 1 )th term = 4035Cn xn
the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th term = 4035Cn
nth term = ( ( n – 1 ) + 1 )th term = 4035Cn – 1 xn – 1
the coefficient of nth term = 4035Cn – 1
By given ,
4035C 4035C
n–1= n
4035C 4035C ( 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟓−𝒏+𝟏 )
n–1= n–1 𝒏
( 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟔−𝒏 )
1=
𝒏
n = 4036 – n
2n = 4036 and n = 2018
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
3. In the expansion of ( 1 + x )4039 , the coefficient of xn and xn+1 are equal.Find n.

( Question by Ko Aung Lwin Oo - T.F.S – Education Website )
Solution
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y )n = nCr xn – r yr
for xn , xn = xk
n=k
the coefficient of xn = 4039Cn
for xn + 1 , xn – 1 = xk
n+1=k
the coefficient of xn + 1 = 4039Cn + 1
By given ,
4039C = 4039C
n n+1
4039C = 4039C ( 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟗−𝒏 )
n n 𝒏+𝟏
( 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟗−𝒏 )
1=
𝒏+𝟏
n +1 = 4039 – n
2n = 4039 – 1
2n = 4038 and n = 2019
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. In the expansion of ( 1 + x )4041 , the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th term and the coefficient of
( n + 2 )th term are equal. Find n.
( r + 1 ) term for ( x + y ) = Cr xn – r yr
th n n

( n + 1 )th term = 4041Cn xn

the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th term = 4041Cn
( n + 2 )th term = ( n + 1 + 1 )th term = 4041Cn + 1 xn + 1
the coefficient of ( n + 2 )th term = 4041Cn + 1
By given ,
4041C = 4041C
n n+1
4041C = 4041C ( 𝟒𝟎𝟒𝟏−𝒏 )
n n 𝒏+𝟏
( 𝟒𝟎𝟒𝟏−𝒏 )
1=
𝒏+𝟏
n +1 = 4041 – n
2n = 4041 – 1
2n = 4040 and n = 2020

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. In the expansion of ( 1 + x )r , the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th term and the
𝒓−𝟏
coefficient of ( n + 2 )th term are equal. Show that n = .
𝟐
( k + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )r = rCk xk
( n + 1 )th term = rCn xn ( where n < r )
the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th term = rCn
( n + 2 )th term = ( n + 1 + 1 )th term = rCn + 1 xn + 1
the coefficient of ( n + 2 )th term = rCn + 1
By given ,
rC = rC
n n+1
rC = rC ( 𝒓−𝒏 )
n n 𝒏+𝟏
( 𝒓−𝒏 )
1=
𝒏+𝟏
n +1 = r – n
2n = r – 1
𝒓−𝟏
n=
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. In the expansion of ( x + 1 )r , the coefficient of nth term and the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th
𝒓+𝟏
term are equal. Show that n = .
𝟐
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y ) = Cr xn – r yr
n n

( k + 1 )th term for ( 1 + x )r = rCk xk
nth term = ( n – 1 + 1 )th term = rCn – 1 xn – 1 ( where n < r )
the coefficient of nth term = rCn – 1
( n + 1 )th term = rCn xn
the coefficient of ( n + 1 )th term = rCn
By given ,
rC r
n – 1 = Cn
rC r ( 𝒓−𝒏+𝟏 )
n – 1 = Cn – 1 𝒏
1= ( 𝒓−𝒏+𝟏 )
𝒏
n=r–n+1

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2n = r + 1
𝒓+𝟏
n=
𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Find the constant term and the term independent of x and the coefficient
𝟐
of x , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 , x7 and x8 in the expansion of ( x2 + ) 4.
𝒙𝟐 𝒚
2 𝟐 4 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
( x + 𝟐 ) = ( x ) + 4( x ) ( 𝟐 ) + 6( x2)2 ( 𝟐 )2 + 4( x2) ( 𝟐 )3 + ( 𝟐 )4
2 4 2 3
𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
8 6 𝟐 4 𝟒 2 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
= x + 4x ( ) + 6x ( ) + 4x ( )+( )
𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 𝟐 𝒙𝟔 𝒚𝟑 𝒙𝟖 𝒚 𝟒
𝟖𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟑𝟐 𝟏𝟔
= x8 + + + +
𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝟖 𝒚 𝟒
the constant term = 0

the coefficient of x , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 , x7 = 0
the coefficient of x8 = 1
𝟐𝟒 𝟖
the term independent of x = , the coefficient of x2 =
𝒚𝟐 𝒚
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟐 𝟐
8. Simplify ( 2x + )4 – ( 2x – )4 .
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚
𝟐 4 𝟐 4
( 2x + ) – ( 2x – ) =?
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
( 2x + )4 = ( 2x )4 + 4( 2x )3 ( ) + 6( 2x )2 ( )2 + 4( 2x )( )3 + ( )4
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚
4 3 𝟐 2 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
= 16x + 32x ( ) + 24x ( ) + 8x ( )+( )
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟑 𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟒
𝟐 4 𝟔𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟔𝟒 𝟗𝟔 𝟏𝟔
( 2x + ) = x8 + + 𝟐+ 𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟒 𝟒
𝒙𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
𝟐 4 𝟔𝟒𝒙 𝟐 𝟗𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟔
8
Similarly, ( 2x – ) =x – + – +
𝒙𝒚 𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 𝟒
𝟐 4 𝟔𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟗𝟔 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟔
( 2x + ) = x8 + + 𝟐+ 𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟒 𝟒
𝒙𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝒚
𝟐 4 𝟐 𝟗𝟔
8 𝟔𝟒𝒙 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟔
(–) ( 2x – ) =x – + – +
𝒙𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 𝒙𝟒 𝒚 𝟒
𝟐 4 𝟐 4 𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝟑𝟐
( 2x + ) – ( 2x – ) = 2x8 + +
𝒙𝒚 𝒙𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟒
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 10 𝟏
9. Find the term independent of x in the expansion of ( x + ) ( x – )10.
𝒙 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( x + )10 ( x – )10 = [ ( x + )( x – ) ]10 = ( x2 – 𝟐 )10
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

2 𝟏 −𝟏
( r + 1 )th term for ( x – 𝟐 )10 = 10Cr ( x2) 10 – r ( 𝟐 ) r
𝒙 𝒙
= 10Cr x 20 – 2r ( – 1 )r x–2r
= 10Cr ( – 1 )r x 20 – 4r
for the term independent of x , x 20 – 4r = x0
20 – 4r = 0
r=5
𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝐱𝟗𝐱𝟖𝟐 𝐱𝟕𝐱𝟔
for the term independent of x = = 10C5 ( – 1 )5 = – = – 252
𝟏𝐱𝟐𝐱𝟑𝐱𝟒𝐱𝟓
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of ( x + 1 ) 3( x – 1 )3 – ( x2 –1 )2
3 3 2 2
(x+1) (x–1) –(x –1)
= ( x + 1 )2( x – 1 )2( x + 1 )( x – 1 ) – ( x2 – 1 )2
= ( x2 – 1 )2( x + 1 )( x – 1 ) – ( x2 – 1 )2 = ( x2 – 1 )2[ ( x + 1 )( x – 1 ) – 1 ]
= ( x2 – 1 )2( x2 – 1 – 1 ) = ( x2 – 1 )2( x2 – 2 ) = ( x4 – 2x2 + 1 )( x2 – 2 )
= x6 – 2x4 – 2x4 + 4x2 + x2 – 2 = x6 – 4x4 + 5x2 – 2
the coefficient of x in the expansion of ( x + 1 ) 3( x – 1 )3 – ( x2 – 1 )2 = 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. In the expansion of ( 1 + kx )9999 , the coefficient of x5000 is 9999 time the coefficient
of of x4999. Find k.
( r + 1 )th term for ( x + y ) = Cr xn – r yr
n n
( r + 1 )th term for ( 1 + kx )9999 = 9999Cr kr xr
for x5000 , xr= x5000

r = 5000
the coefficient of x5000 = 9999C5000 k5000
for x4999 , xr= x4999

r = 4999
the coefficient of x4999 = 9999C4999 k4999
By given ,
9999C k5000 = 9999 9999C4999 k4999
5000
9999C 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟗
4999
( ) k5000 = 9999 9999C4999 k4999
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
( ) k = 9999
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
k = 9999
12. Prove that ( 6 nC2 + 6 nC3 )3 = ( n+1C3 )3
( 6 nC2 + 6 nC3 )3

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
(𝒏−𝟐) 3 (𝒏−𝟐) 3 (𝒏−𝟐) 3
= ( 6 nC2 + 6 nC2 ) = [ ( 6 )( nC2 )( 1 + ) ] = 63 ( nC2 )3 ( 1 + )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝒏(𝒏−𝟏) 3 𝟑+(𝒏−𝟐) 3 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏) 3 𝒏+𝟏 3 ( 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏))𝟑 (𝒏+𝟏)𝟑
= 63 ( ) ( ) = 63 ( ) ( ) = 63 x x
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝟑 𝟑𝟑
𝒏+𝟏
(𝒏+𝟏)𝟑 𝒏𝟑 (𝒏−𝟏)𝟑 𝟑
3 x [ 𝒏+𝟏 𝒏(𝒏−𝟏)] = 63 x ( 𝑪 )𝟑 3
= 63 x = 6 𝟑 = ( n+1C3 )
𝟐𝟑 𝒙 𝟑𝟑 (𝟐𝒙 𝟑)𝟑 𝟔𝟑
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nC ဆိုေသာ ပုဵစဵတျငး
r
( i ) n တနးဖို့သညး အေပါငး့ကိနး့်ပညးံမ္ာ့ပဲ ်ဖစးရမညး။ n တနးဖို့သညး 0 မ်ဖစးရ။
အပိင
ု း့ကိနး့မ်ဖစးရ။ အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ။
( ii ) r တနးဖို့သညး အ်ပညးံကိနး့မ္ာ့ပဲ ်ဖစးရမညး။ r တနးဖို့ 0 ်ဖစးချငးံေတာံ ရြိသညး။

အပိုငး့ကိနး့မ်ဖစးရ။ အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ။
( r တနးဖို့ ႏြငးံ n တနးဖုိ့သညး အႏႈတးမ်ဖစးရ။ အပိုငး့ကိနး့မ်ဖစးရ။ )
( iii ) အေပၚတနးဖို့ - n သညး ေအာကးတနးဖို့ - r ထကးအ်မဲ ၾကီ့ရမညး။ ( n > r )
( iv ) n တနးဖို့ ႏြငးံ r တနးဖို့ ညီလို႔ေတာံ ရသညး။ (n=r)
( v ) n တနးဖို့ သညး r တနးဖို့ ေအာကးငယးလို႔ေတာံမရပါ။ ( n ≮ r )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 4 )
inequations

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Chapter ( 4 )
Inequations
Teacher Note
Numbers , Number line , Graphs, Equation & Inequation
Numbers
ကိနး့၊ဂဏနး့မ္ာ့ကို ေလံလာသညးံအခါ
( 1 ) ( i ) သိကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ( ii ) မသိကိနး့ ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ချဲႏုိငးသညးကိုေရာ
( 2 ) သိကိနး့တျငး ကိနး့ေသသိကိနး့ တစးမ္ဳိ့တညး့သာရြိ်ပီ့
( 3 ) မသိကိနး့ကို ေလံလာသညးံအခါ ( i ) ကိနး့ေသမသိကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ( i ) ကိနး့ရြငးမသိကိနး့ ႏြစးမ္ဳိ့ချဲႏုိငးသညးကို
ေရာေရြ႕တျငး အခါခါေဖား်ပ်ပီ့ ်ဖစးသညး။
Line ( မ္ဥး့ )
ဆနး႔က္ငးဘကးဦ့တညးရာႏြစဘ
း ကးသို႔ အဆုဵ့မရြဆ
ိ နး႔ထျကသ ျဲ ာ့ခ္ကးတစးခုကို မ္ဥး့ ( Line )
း ျာ့ေသာအေ်ဖာငးံဆသ
ဟု ေခၚသညး။
Segment ( မ္ဥး့ပိုငး့ )
ထိပးစျနး့ႏြစးဘကး တိတိရိရိ်ပတးေနေသာ အေ်ဖာငးံဆျဲသာ့ခ္ကးတစးခုကို မ္ဥး့ပိုငး့ ( Segment ) ဟု ေခၚသညး။
Number Line ( ကိနး့မ္ဥး့ )

ဆနး႔က္ငးဘကးဦ့ တညးရာႏြစဘ
း ကးသို႔ ဆနး႔ထျကသ
း ျာ့ေသာ မ္ဥး့တစးေၾကာငး့ေပၚတျငး သိကိန့း တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ကို
ေနရာခ္ထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငး့ကို ကိန့း မ္ဥး့ ( number line ) ဟုေခၚသညး။
Real Number Line ( ကိနး့စစးမ္ဥး့ )

အကယး၍ အဆိုပါကိန့း မ္ဥး့ေပၚတျငး ကိန့း စစး ( real numbers ) မ္ာ့အာ့ေနရာခ္ထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငး့ကို ကိန့း စစးမ္ဥး့
( real number line ) ဟုေခၚပါသညး။ အလျယးအာ့်ဖငးံ number line ဟုပဲ ေခၚပါသညး။
မသိကိနး့မ္ာ့၏ တနးဖိုမ္ာ့အာ့ေဖား်ပ်ခငး့
မသိကိနး့ဆိုသညးမြာတနးဖို့မသိေသာကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးေသာေၾကာငး၁ငး
ံ ့တို႔၏တနးဖို့ကိုေဖား်ပသညးံအခါေပ့ထာ့ေသာမ
သိကိနး့သညး ( 1 ) တိက္သညးံ တနးဖို့တစးခုခေ
ု ဆာငးေနသညးံ မသိကိနး့အ်ဖစးေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ( ဥပမာ a = 4 ) ႏြငံ း
( 2 ) တိက္သညးတ ံ နးဖို့တစးခုခမ
ု ရြိပဲ ၾကာ့ပိုငး့တစးခုရြိ တနးဖို့အာ့လုဵ့်ဖစးႏုိငးသညးံ မသိကိနး့ အ်ဖစး
ေဖား်ပ်ခငး့ ( ဥပမာ 1 < a < 4 , k >–3 ) ဟူသညးံ နညး့လမး့ ဿ မ္ဳိ့်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပႏိုငးပါသညး။
Equation
အကယး၍ မသိကိနး့တစးလုဵ့၏ တနးဖို့အာ့ တိက္ေသာတနးဖို့တစးခုခုအ်ဖစးေဖား်ပထာ့လ္ြငး ၁ငး့ေဖား်ပနညး့ကို
Equation Method ်ဖငးံ ေဖား်ပနညး့ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။( ဥပမာ a = 4 )
Graph of an equation
အကယး၍ Equation Method ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပထာ့ေသာမသိကိနး့ေလ့အာ့ number line ေပၚတျငး ၁ငးတညးရြိရာ
ကိနး့တနးဖုိ့ေလ့ေနရာတျငး စကးဝိုငး့ငယးေလ့ဆျဲ်ပီ့ေဖား်ပထာ့လ္ြငး အဆိုပါပုဵေလ့ကို ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့
ေလ့၏ ဂရပးပုဵ ( Graph of an equation) ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။
Graph of a = 4
a=4
0 1 2 3 4 5

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ဤတျငး ေလ့မြာ a = 4 ၏တနးဖို့ကို ေဖား်ပေသာစကးဝိုငး့ငယးေလ့ ်ဖစးသညး။ a = 4 ၏ ဂရပးတစးခုမဟုတး။
ေလ့မြာ number line ေလ့သာ်ဖစးသညး။ a = 4 ၏

ဂရပးတစးခု မဟုတး။
a=4
အတျဲလိုကးၾကီ့ကိုသာ a = 4 ၏ဂရပးဟုေခၚ်ခငး့ ်ဖစးသညး။
0 1 2 3 4 5
Inequation
အကယး၍ မသိကိနး့တစးလုဵ့၏တနးဖို့အာ့ ၾကာ့ပိုငး့တစးခုခုရြိ ်ဖစးႏိုငးေသာတနးဖို့အာ့လုဵ့ အ်ဖစးေဖား်ပထာ့လ္ြငး
၁ငး့ေဖား်ပနညး့ ကို Inequation Method ်ဖငးံေဖား်ပနညး့ဟု ေခၚပါသညး။ ( ဥပမာ 1 < a < 4 , k > –3 )
Inequation တစးခုအာ့ သုည ကို ဗဟို်ပဳ၍ ေဖား်ပနညး့

သုည ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့၏ အလယးဗဟို
ကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့၏အလယးဗဟိုအ်ဖစး ကိနး့တစးခုခုကိုယူမညးဆိုလ္ြငး မညးသညးက
ံ ိနး့ကို ယူလ္ြငး အဆငးေ်ပ
မညးနညး့။ သုညဆိုေသာကိနး့အာ့ ေလံလာၾကညးံသညးံအခါ ၁ငး့၏ညာဘကးတျငး အေပါငး့ကိနး့ မ္ာ့ခ္ညးံ်ဖစးေန်ပီ့
၁ငး့၏ဘယးဘကးတျငး အႏႈတက
း ိနး့မ္ာ့ခ္ညးံ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ သုညသညး ကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ကို
အေပါငး့ကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့ႏြငးံအႏႈတးကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့အာ့ အလယးေခါငးတညးံတညးံမြ ချဲ်ခမး့ေပ့ထာ့သကဲံသို႔်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ
ကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့ အာ့လုဵ့အတျကးဆိုလ္ြငး သုညအာ့ အလယးဗဟိုအ်ဖစးယူ်ခငး့သညး အသငးံေလ္ြားဆုဵ့်ဖစးပါမညး။
ထိုအခါ ကိနး့စစးမ္ာ့ထဲမြ ကိနး့တစးခုခက
ု ို ေဖား်ပသညးံအခါ ထိုကိနး့သညး သုညထကးႀကီ့ေသာကိနး့လာ့
သုညေအာကးငယးေသာကိနး့လာ့ ႏႈိငး့ယြဥးေဖား်ပေလံရြိပါသညး။ ဥပမာ
အႏႈတးကိနး့မ္ာ့
𝟏
– 3 < 0 , – 2.2342 < 0 , – <0, – 𝟓<0
𝟐
အေပါငးကိနး့မ္ာ့
𝟑
 > 0 , log 10 > 0 , 99 > 0 , 𝟒>0
အထကးပါတနးဖိုမ္ာ့သညး သိကိနး့ ( ကိနး့ေသ ) မ္ာ့အတျကး်ဖစး်ပီ့ ကိနး့ေသမသိကိနး့ ႏြငးံ ကိနး့ရြငးမသိကိနး့မ္ာ့
အတျကး လညး့ ထို႔နညး့တူပငး ်ဖစးသညး။
ကိနး့ေသမသိကိနး့မ္ာ့ႏြငးံ ကိနး့ရြငးမသိကိနး့မ္ာ့
မသိကိနး့တစးခုခသညး
ု ကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေစ ကိနး့ရြငး်ဖစးေစ ( ဥပမာ - x ်ဖစးပါေစ ) သုည ထကးၾကီ့ေနသညးံအ ခါ
၁ငး့၏တနးဖို့သညးအေပါငး့တနးဖို့ေဆာငးမညး်ဖစးသညး။
ဥပမာ - x > 0 ်ဖစးေနသညးံအခါ x တနးဖို့သညး 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , ……, 1 , 2 , ……………စသညးံတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ထဲမြ
တစးခုခု်ဖစးသညးဟု ဆိုလိုရငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး။
မသိကိနး့တစးလုဵ့လုဵ့သညးကိနး့ေသ်ဖစးေစ ကိနး့ရြငး်ဖစးေစ( ဥပမာ - x ်ဖစးပါေစ ) သုည ေအာကးငယးေနသညးံအ ခါ

၁ငး့၏တနးဖို့သညးအႏႈတးတနးဖို့ေဆာငးမညး်ဖစးသညး။
ဥပမာ - x < 0 ်ဖစးေနသညးံအခါ x တနးဖို့သညး – 0.1 , – 0.2 , – 0.3 , …, – 1 , – 2 , …… စသညးံတနးဖို့မ္ာ့ထဲမြ
တစးခုခု်ဖစးသညးဟု ဆိုလိုရငး့ ်ဖစးပါသညး။
“ဤသညးပငးလ္ြငး မညီမ္ြ်ခငး့မ္ာ့၏ အေ်ခခဵသေဘာပငး ်ဖစးပါသညး။”

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးလဒး ႏြငးံ စာ့လဒးမ္ာ့

ကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ ေ်မြာကးလဒး ( Product Case )
( Greater than Case )
ကိနး့ႏြစးခု ေ်မြာကးလဒးသညး အေပါငး့တနးဖို့ရသညးံအခါ ( သို႔ ) ေ်မြာကးလဒးသညး သုည ထကးၾကီ့သညးံအခါ
1. အဆိုပါကိနး့ႏြစးခုလုဵ့သညးအႏႈတးကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးရငး်ဖစး ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ သုညေအာကးငယးရငးငယး
2. ထိုကိနး့ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ အေပါငး့ကိနး့မ္ာ့်ဖစးရငး်ဖစး ( သို႔ ) ကိနး့ႏြစးခု သုညထကးးႀကီ့ရငးႀကီ့ တစးခုခု်ဖစးႏိုငးသညး။
Greater than Case
သိကိနး့ မသိကိနး့
6 = ( 2 )( 3 ) or ( – 2 )( – 3 ) y = ab
If 6 > 0 If y > 0
2 > 0 and 3 > 0 – 2 < 0 and – 3 < 0 a > 0 and b > 0 a < 0 and b < 0
x+a >0 and x+b>0
ၾကီ့ ၾကီ့
If y > 0
y = ( x + a )( x + b ) or
ၾကီ့
x+b<0 and x + a < 0
ငယး ငယး
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ကိနး့ႏြစးခုေ်မြာကးလဒးသညး အႏႈတးတနးဖို့ရသညးံအခါ ( သို႔ ) သုညေအာကးငယးသညးံအခါ အဆိုပါကိနး့ႏြစးခုအနကး
( i ) တစးခုက အႏႈတးကိနး့ ( သို႔ ) သုညေအာကးငယးသညးံကိနး့ ်ဖစးလ္ြငး
( ii ) အ်ခာ့တစးလုဵ့ အေပါငး့ကိနး့ ( သို႔ ) သုညထကးးႀကီ့သညးံကိနး့ မလျဲမေသျ ်ဖစးရမညး။
Less than Case
– 6 = ( – 2 )( 3 ) or ( 2 )( – 3 ) y = ab
If – 6 < 0 If y < 0
– 2 < 0 and 3 > 0 2 > 0 and – 3 < 0 a < 0 and b > 0 a > 0 and b < 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
x+a <0 and x+b>0
ငယး ၾကီ့
If y < 0
y = ( x + a )( x + b ) or
ငယး
x+b>0 and x + a < 0
ၾကီ့ ငယး
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ စာ့လဒး ( Quotient Case )
ကိနး့ႏြစးခု၏ စာ့လဒးသညးလညး့ ေ်မြာကးလဒးႏြငးံအတူတူပငး်ဖစးသညး။ အႏႈတး အႏႈတးခ္ငး့စာ့လ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ၊ အေပါငး့
အေပါငး့ခ္ငး့ စာ့လ္ြငး်ဖစးေစ အေပါငး့ကိနး့သာရသညး။ ထို႔ေၾကာငးံ စာ့လဒး အေပါငး့ရေသာ အေ်ခအေန ( သို႔ )
သုညထကးၾကီ့ေသာ အေ်ခအေနတျငး တညးကိနး့ ( ပိုငး့ေဝ ) ႏြငးံ စာ့ကိနး့ ( ပိုငး့ေ်ခ ) ႏြစးခုလုဵ့ အေပါငး့်ဖစးရငး်ဖစး
( ႏြစးခုလုဵ့သုညထကးၾကီ့ရငးၾကီ့ ) ( သို႔ ) ႏြစးခုလုဵ့အႏႈတး်ဖစးရငး်ဖစး ( ႏြစးခုလုဵ့သုညေအာကးငယးရငးငယး ) တစးခုခု
်ဖစးရပါမညး။
Greater than Case
𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟐
6 = ( ) or ( ) y = ab
𝟐 −𝟐
If 6 > 0 If y > 0
12 > 0 and 2 > 0 –12 < 0 and –2 < 0 a > 0 and b > 0 a < 0 and b < 0
x+a >0 and x+b>0
ၾကီ့ ၾကီ့
If y > 0
y = ( x + a )( x + b ) or
ၾကီ့
x+b<0 and x + a < 0
ငယး ငယး
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Less than Case
−𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
–6 = ( ) or ( ) y = ab
𝟐 −𝟐
If – 6 < 0 If y < 0
– 12 < 0 and 2 > 0 12 > 0 and – 2 < 0 a < 0 and b > 0 a > 0 and b < 0
x+a<0 and x+b>0
ငယး ၾကီ့
If y < 0
y = ( x + a )( x + b ) or
ငယး
x+b>0 and x + a < 0
ၾကီ့ ငယး
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ႏြစးထပးကိနး့ Inequation တစးခုအာ့ Algebric Method ်ဖငးံ တျကးရနး
အဆငးံ ( 1 )
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ မညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခု ( ဥပမာ - x2 – 4x + 3 > 0 ) အာ့ ႏြစးကျငး့ေ်မြာကးလဒးပုဵစဵေ်ပာငး့်ပီ့
တစးကျငး့ခ္ငး့စီအာ့
( i ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ မညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ < 0 ( ငယး ) ဆိုပါက ငယး - ၾကီ့ / ၾကီ့ - ငယး
( ii ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ မညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ > 0 ( ၾကီ့ ) ဆိုပါက ၾကီ့ - ၾကီ့ / ငယး - ငယး ပုဵစဵအတိုငး့ တစးကျငး့ခ္ငး့စီ
greater than / less than လကၡဏာယူ
( iii ) x တစးလုဵ့တညး့ပုဵစဵ်ဖစးသညးအထိ အဆငးံဆငးံေ်ပာငး့ယူ
x2 – 4x + 3 > 0
( x – 1 )( x – 3 ) > 0  ( ၾကီ့ )
( x – 1 > 0 and x – 3 > 0 ) or ( x – 1 < 0 and x – 3 < 0 )  ၾကီ့ - ၾကီ့ / ငယး - ငယး
( x > 1 and x > 3 ) or ( x < 1 and x < 3 )
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အဆငးံ ( 2 ) ရလာေသာ တနးဖို့မ္ာ့အတျကး Number line ႏြစးခု သီ့်ခာ့စီဆဲျ
Number line ဆဲျရနး
( i ) အဆငးံ ( 1 ) ရြိ တနးဖို့ ႏြစးခုစီအာ့ Number line ေပၚတျငး ငယးစဥးၾကီ့လိုကး ေနရာခ္
( ii ) အဆိုပါ အမြတးႏြစးခုအထကးတျငး စကးလုဵ့ငယးႏြစးခုဆဲျ်ပီ့

( a ) ≥ / ≤ ဆိုလ္ြငး စကးလုဵ့ငယးအ်ပညးံ ခဲခ္ယး ( b ) > / < ဆိုလ္ြငး စကးလုဵ့ငယးအာ့ ခဲခ္ယးေပ့ရနးမလို

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( iii ) စကးလုဵ့ငယးႏြစးခုမြ ( a ) < ဆိုလ္ြငး < အတိုငး့လြညးံသညးံ ်မြာ့ေခါငး့ (  )
( b ) > ဆိုလ္ြငး > အတိုငး့လြညးံသညးံ ်မြာ့ေခါငး့ (  ) ်မြာ့ႏြစးေၾကာငး့ဆဲျ
လကၡဏာလြညးံရာအတိုငး့ ်မြာ့ေခါငး့ဆဲျ
( x > 1 and x > 3 ) or ( x < 1 and x < 3 )
or
1 3 1 3
x>3 or x<1
အဆငးံ ( 3 ) Number တစးခုခ္ငး့စီအတျကး solution ထုတးယူရနး
( i ) ဦ့တညးဘကးခ္ငး့အတူတူ ပိုတိုတာကိုယူ ( ပိုတိုေသာ်မြာ့ကို ခဵေဆာငးသညးံတနးဖို့အာ့ ယူေပ့ပါ။ )
1 3
x<1
( ii ) ဦ့တညးဘကးခ္ငး့မတူက ဘုဵပါတာကို အေ်ဖ်ပ
1 3
1<x<3
( iii ) ႏြစးဘကးလြညးံ်ပီ့ဘုဵမပါ no solution မြတးလိုကးပါ။
1 3
Thers is no solution ( or )
No point satisfied both conditions
x > 1 and x > 3 အတျကး ပိုတိုေသာမ္ဥး့ပိုငး့မြာ 3 မြ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ x > 3 ကို ယူပါ။
x < 1 and x < 3 အတျကး ပိုတိုေသာမ္ဥး့ပိုငး့မြာ 1 မြ ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ x < 1 ကို ယူပါ။
( အဆငးံ ( 2 ) ႏြငးံ ( 3 ) အာ့ တစးေပါငး့တညး့ ထုတးယူရနး )
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အဆငးံ ( 4 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့အတျကး Solution Set ထုတးယရ
ူ နး
x2 ေရြ႕ အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ဆိုလ္ြငး
( i ) Less than ဆိုရငး x အလယးထာ့ ငယးစဥးၾကီ့လိုကးသျာ့
( ii ) Greater than ဆို အ်ပငးကာ့ x ကိုေရြ႕မြာထာ့ ( ငယးတာထကးပိုငယးမယး ၾကီ့တာထကး ပိုၾကီ့မယး )
( အခ္ဳိ႕ဆရာမမ္ာ့မြ ခါ့ေထာကး်ပီ့ေအား ဟု short cut ေပ့သညးကို ေတျ႕ဖူ့ပါသညး။ )
( x2 ေရြ႕ အႏႈတးလကၡဏာ ဆိုလ္ြငး အထကးပါ ထုတးယူနညး့အာ့ ေ်ပာငး့်ပနး ယူေပ့ပါ )
Solution Set for x2 – 4x + 3 > 0 = { x / x < 1 or x > 3 }

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အဆငးံ ( 5 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ႀကီ့တစးခုလုဵ့အတျကး Number line ဆျရ
ဲ နး
Solution Set မြ လကၡဏာလြညးံရာအတိုငး့ အလိုကးသငးံဆျဲ
Number line
x<1 x>3
1 3
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အထကးတျငးေပ့ထာ့ေသာ short cut မ္ာ့မြာ ကေလ့မ္ာ့မြတးမိလျယးေစရနးေပ့ထာ့်ခငး့သာ်ဖစးပါသညး။ ဆရာ
မ္ာ့အေန်ဖငးံ ထို short cut မ္ာ့ေနာကးကျယးမြ လႊမး့မို့ေနသညးံသေဘာတရာ့မ္ာ့ကို ကေလ့မ္ာ့အာ့ သီသနး႔
အခ္ိနးယူ်ပီ့ ရြငး့်ပေပ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး။ ဥပမာ - x < 1 ဆိုေသာ ေဖား်ပခ္ကးေလ့တျငး x မြာ 1 ေအာကးငယးသညးံ
ကိနး့တစးခု်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ 1 ေအာကးငယးသညးံ 1 ၏ညာဘကး်ခမး့ကို မ္ဥး့ထူ့ဆျဲေပ့ရ်ခငး့်ဖစးသညးဆိုသညးံသေဘာမ္ဳိ့။
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တခါတရဵတျငး မညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုအာ့ Algebric method ်ဖငးံ တျကးထုတးယူ်ခငး့နညး့လမး့တျငး Number line
ႏြစးခုဆျဲ်ပီ့ Solution Set ထုတးယူ်ခငး့အဆငးံ အစာ့ table ဆျဲ်ပီ့ Solution Set ထုတးယူသညးံအဆငးံကို
အစာ့ထို့ သုဵ့စျဲေလံရြိပါသညး။ အခ္ဳိ႕ဆရာမ္ာ့မြ ဤသို႔ table ဆျဲ်ပီ့ Solution Set ထုတးယူသညးံအဆငးံကို အစျဲ
်ပဳ်ပီ့ table method ဟု မြာ့ယျငး့ေခၚတတးၾကပါသညး။ အမြနးတျငး မညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုအတျကး Solution Set
တျကးထုတးယူ်ခငး့နညး့လမး့မြာ ႏြငးံ ( 1 ) Algebric method ႏြငးံ ( 2 ) Graphical method ဟူသညးံ
နညး့လမး့ႏြစးလမး့သာရြိ်ပီ့ table ဆျဲ်ပီ့ Solution Set ထုတးယူသညးံအဆငးံမြာ Algebric method ၏
Solution Set တျကးထုတးယူ်ခငး့လမး့ေၾကာငး့မြ အဆငးံတစးခုသာ်ဖစးသညးကို ကျဲကျဲ်ပာ့်ပာ့ နာ့လညးထာ့ရနး
လိုပါသညး။
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Graphical Method
( 1 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Inequation ကို y ထာ့ပါ။ ဥပမာ - x2 + x – 6 > 0
Let y = x2 + x – 6
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( 2 ) y = 0 ထာ့ / x တနးဖုိ့ရြာ - x ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတးရ ( y = 0 ဆို x ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတး )
If y = 0 , x2 + x – 6 = 0
( x + 3 )( x – 2 ) = 0
x + 3 = 0 ( or ) x – 2 = 0
x = – 3 ( or ) x = 2  ( x , y ) = ( 3 , 0 ) and ( 2 , 0 )
The curve cuts X axis at (– 3 , 0 ) and ( 2 , 0 ) . လို႔ေရ့
မြတးခ္ကး - ကျငး့ႏြစးကျငး့တျငး ( 1 ) + တစးကျငး့ ၊ – တစးကျငး့ဆို ၊ + ကျငး့ေရြ႕ထာ့
( 2 ) + ႏြစးကျငး့ဆို ကိနး့တနးဖို့ ၾကီ့တာ ေရြ႕ထာ့
( 3 ) – ႏြစးကျငး့ဆို ကိနး့တနးဖို့ ငယးတာ ေရြ႕ထာ့
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( 3 ) x = 0 ထာ့ / y တနးဖုိ့ရြာ - y ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတးရ ( x = 0 ဆို y ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတး )
2
If x = 0 , y = ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) – 6 = – 6  ( x , y ) = ( 0 , – 6 )
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , – 6 ). လို႔ေရ့
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 4 ) အဆိုပါအမြတး သုဵ့ခုကို်ဖတးသျာ့သညးံပုဵဆျဲ
( i ) x2 ေရြ႕ရြိ လကၡဏာ + ဆို ပကးလကး ပုဵ ( ပလကးစး ဆုိ ပကးလကး )
( ii ) x2 ေရြ႕ရြိ လကၡဏာ – ဆို ေမြာကးခုဵ ပုဵ ( မိုငး့နကး ဆို ေမြာကးခုဵ )

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( 5 ) Solution Set ထုတးယူရနး
( i )ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ > 0 ဆိုရငး X ွငးရို့အေပၚပိုငး့ နဲ႔ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ မ္ဥးေကျ့ၾကာ့ ်ခယး
( ii )ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ < 0 ဆိုရငး X ွငးရို့ေအာကးပိုငး့ နဲ႔ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ မ္ဥးေကျ့ၾကာ့ ်ခယး
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ပုဵဆျဲရာတျငး ( မေမံရ ) ငါ့ခု
( 1 ) X ွငးရို့နဲ႔ Y ွငးရို့မ္ာ့တျငး ်မြာ့ေခါငး့ထညးံရနး မေမံရ။
( 2 ) X ႏြငးံ Y တပးရနး မေမံရ။
( 3 ) X ွငးရို့ နဲ႔ Y ွငးရို့ဆုဵရာတျငး “0” တပးရနး မေမံရ။
( 4 ) ဆဲျထာ့ေသာမ္ဥး့ေကျ့( curve ) တျငး equation of line ( ဥပမာ - y = ax2 + bx + c ) ထညးံရနး မေမံရ။
( 5 ) X ွငးရို့ / Y ွငးရို့ ်ဖတးမြတးမ္ာ့တျငး coordinate တနးဖို့ မ္ာ့ထညးံရနး မေမံရ။
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ေသသပးေသာ ဂရပးပုဵတစးခု ဆျဲသာ့နညး့ အဆငးံဆငးံ
အဆငးံ ( 1 ) - X ွငးရို့ကို စာရျကးအေပၚေဘာငးႏြငးဵ / Y ွငးရို့ကို စာရျကးေဘ့ေဘာငးႏြငးံ်ပဳိငးေအာငး အ်ပဳိငး ဆျဲပါ။
Y
စာရျကး
ေဘ့ေဘာငးႏြငးံ
်ပဳိငးေအာငးဆျဲ
အေပၚ( သို႔ )ေအာကး

ေဘာငးႏြငးံ်ပဳိငးေအာငးဆျဲ
X ွငးရို့ေပၚတျငး x တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ေနရာခ္ရာတျငး ဂဏနး့တနးဖို့မၾကီ့လ္ြငး တတးႏိုငးသမ္ြစေက့ကိုကးဆဲျေစခ္ငးပါသညး။

Y ွငးရို့ေပၚတျငး y တနးဖို့အာ့ေနရာခ္ရာတျငးမူ အဆငးေ်ပရာအမြတးတစးခုခုအာ့ ခ္ထာ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အဆငးံ ( 2 ) + အဆငးံ ( 3 ) + အဆငးံ ( 4 )
အဆငးံ ( 2 ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ အမြတးသုဵ့မြတးအာ့ေနရာခ္ပါ။
အဆငးံ ( 3 ) x အမြတး ႏြစးခု အလယးတညးံတညးံမြနး့၍ ေထာငးံမတးမ္ဥး့တစးေၾကာငး့ မိြနးမိြနးေလ့ဆဲျပါ
အဆငးံ ( 4 ) y အမြတးမြ အဆိုပါမ္ဥး့သို႔ ေထာငးံမတးမ္ဥး့ဆဲျပါ။ အဆိုပါမ္ဥး့အာ့ အကျာအေွ့တူဆကးဆ၍ ဲျ
အမြတးတစးမြတး ေနရာခ္ပါ။
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာအမြတးမ္ာ့ =( 3,0 ),( 2,0 ) and ( 0,6 )

X
–3 2 x တနးဖို့ အငယးဆုဵ့ = 3 , x တနးဖို့ အၾကီ့ဆုဵ့ = 2
x အမြတး ႏြစးခုကို x တနးဖို့အနညး့အမ္ာ့အရ Y ွငးရို့မြ

–6 အကျာအေွ့ ခ္ိနးဆပါ။
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အဆငးံ ( 5 ) တစးဘကးတစးခ္ကးရြိ အမြတးတစးစုဵစီအာ့ ( ေပတဵအေပ္ာံအာ့သုဵ့်ပီ့ ) ပုဵစဵတူ မ္ဥး့ေကျ့ႏြစးေၾကာငး့
ဆကးဆျဲပါ။
အဆငးံ ( 6 ) ထိပးပိုငး့ အွိုကးေလ့အာ့ တတးႏိုငးသမ္ြ အခ္ဳိ့က္ေအာငး ( လကးသတးသတး်ဖငးံအသုဵ့်ပဳ၍ ်ဖစးေစ)
ဆျဲေပ့ပါ။( * အ်မငးံဆုဵ့ ( သို႔ ) အနိမးံဆုဵ့အမြတးသညး အလယးမ္ဥး့တညးံတညးံ ရြိရမညး။ )
အဆငးံ ( 5 ) အဆငးံ ( 6 )
Y Y
X X
–3 2 –3 2
–6 –6
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
အဆငးံ ( 7 ) ထိပးပိုငး့ အမြတး ႏြစးခုမြ မ္ဥး့ႏြစးေၾကာငး့ အလိုကးသငးံ ဆကးဆျဲေပ့ပါ။ ( တတးႏိုငးသမ္ြ
အလ္ာ့တူေအာငး ဆျဲေစခ္ငးပါသညး။ ဆကးဆျဲ မ္ဥး့မ္ာ့ Y ွငးရို့်မြာ့ေခါငး့မေက္ားလ္ြငးပိုေကာငး့ပါသညး။ )
အဆငးံ ( 7 )
X
–3 2
–6
အမိြနးဆျဲထာ့ေသာ မ္ဥး့မ္ာ့အာ့လုဵ့ ခဲဖ္ကး်ဖငးံ ်ပနးဖ္ကးေပ့ပါ။ သကးဆိုငးရာ ပုဵညႊနး့တနးဖို့မ္ာ့ ထညးံေပ့ပါ။
X
–3 0 2
y = x2 + 3x – 10
–6
မြတးခ္ကး
ပုစာၦတျငး Algebric Method / Graphical Method မညးသညးံနညး့်ဖငးံတျကးပါဟုမေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး ၾကိဳကးရာနညး့
်ဖငးံတျကးပါ၊ မညးသညးံနညး့်ဖငးံတျကးပါဟုေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငး ေပ့ထာ့သညးံနညး့်ဖငးံသာတျကးပါ။
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အသုဵ့အႏႈနး့ဆိုငးရာ သတိထာ့ရနး အခ္ကးမ္ာ့
X ဝငးရို့ႏြြငးံ Y ဝငးရို့တစးစသ
ုဵ ညး Coordinate System တစးခုသာ ်ဖစးပါေသ့သညး။ Graph တစးခု မဟုတးေသ့ပါ။
ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့တစးခုသညး အမြတးစကးတစးခု ( a point )၊ မ္ဥး့ေ်ဖာငးံတစးေၾကာငး့ ( line )၊ မ္ဥး့ေကျ့တစးခု ( curve )

စသညးံတို႔ကိုသာ ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳပါသညး။ Graph တစးခု မဟုတးေသ့ပါ။
ထို Coordinate System ေပၚတျငး ထိုညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ ပဵုသ႑ာနးတစးခုခုကိုသျာ့ဆျဲထာ့သညးံ အတျဲ

လိုကးၾကီ့ကိုမြ Graph ဟု ေခၚ်ခငး့်ဖစးသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ထို႕ေၾကာငးံ ယခု Inequation အခနး့တျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ မ္ဥး့ေကျ့က Y ဝငးရို့ကို
်ဖတးသျာ့သညးံအခါ အခ္ဳိ႕ေသာ ဆရာ၊ဆရာမမ္ာ့ သုဵ့ႏႈနး့ေနသကဲံသို႔ The graph cuts Y axis ဟု ေရ့လ္ြငး
ယငး့အသုဵ့အႏႈနး့သညး မြာ့ပါသညး။ အမြနးတကယးတမး့ Y axis ကို Graph ၾကီ့က ်ဖတးးသျာ့သညးမဟုတးပဲ
ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့ကို ကိုယးစာ့်ပဳသညးံ မ္ဥး့ေကျ့ ( Curve ) ကသာ ်ဖတးသျာ့်ခငး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ The curve
cuts Y axis ဟုသုဵ့ႏႈနး့မြသာ အမြနး်ဖစးပါမညး။ဤအဆငးံမြနးသျာ့်ပီဆိုလ္ြငးေတာငးမြ ေနာကးတစးခုမြာ ေပ့ထာ့
ေသာမ္ဥး့ေကျ့က X ( သို႔ ) Y ဝငးရို့ကို ်ဖတးသျာ့သညး်ဖစးေစ အမြတးတစးခုကို ်ဖတးသျာ့သညး်ဖစးေစ The curve
cuts ဟု ေရာေထျ့်ပီ့မသုဵ့ႏႈနး့ရပါ။ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာမ္ဥး့ေကျ့က ဝငးရို့တစးခုခုကို ်ဖတးသျာ့သညးံအခါ အဆိုပါ
မ္ဥး့ေကျ့က အဆိုပါဝငးရို့ကို ခါ့လယးမြ ်ဖတးေတာကးလိုကး်ခငး့်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ The graph cuts ….. axis ဟု သုဵ့ႏႈနး့
ရမညး်ဖစး်ပီ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာမ္ဥး့ေကျ့က အမြတးတစးခုကို်ဖတးသျာ့သညးံအခါ ( သခ္ၤာတျငး အမြတးတစးခုအာ့ ဧရိယာ
မရြိ အလ္ာ့အနဵမရြိေသာ အစကးတစးစကးအ်ဖစး ယူဆသညး်ဖစး၍ ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာမ္ဥး့ေကျ့သညး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ
အမြတးစကးအာ့ ခါ့လယးမြ ်ဖတးေတာကးလို႔မရပဲ ်ဖတးသနး့သျာ့လို႔သာ ရသ်ဖငးံ The graph passes through
….. the points. ဟုသာ သုဵ့ႏႈနး့ရပါမညး။
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Quadratic Equation တစးခု၏ ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့
( 1 ) ႏြစ းထပး ± တစးထပး ± ကိန း့ေသ  ax2 + bx + c
( 2 ) ႏြစ းထပး ± တစးထပး  ax2 + bx
( 3 ) ႏြစ းထပး ± ကိန း့ေသ  ax2 + c
( 4 ) ႏြစ းထပး  ax2
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ေမ့ႏိုငးေသာ ပုစာၦပုဵစဵမ္ာ့
ပုဵစဵ ( 1 )
Example ( 1 ) Find the solution set of the inequation ( x – 2 )( x + 3 ) ≥ 0.
( algebric method / graphical method မေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ႀကိဳကးရာနညး့်ဖငးံတျကး။ Number line
မဆျဲခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ ဆဲျေပ့ရနး မလိုပါ။)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example ( 2 ) Use a graphical method, to find the solution set of the in equation
12 – 5x – 2x2 ≥ 0 and illustrate it on the number line. ( graphical method ေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ
graphical method ်ဖငးံ တျကးပါ။ Number line ဆျဲခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ ဆဲျေပ့ပါ။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Example ( 3 ) Find the solution set of the inequation 3x 2  x2 – x + 3 by algebric method
and illstrate it on the number line. ( 2015 ႏုိငင
း ဵ်ခာ့ Graphical ်ဖငးံေမ့ ) ( algebric method
ေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ algebric method ်ဖငးံ တျကးပါ။ Number line ဆျဲခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ ဆဲျေပ့ပါ။ )
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ဵ ဵ (4)
ပုစ
( Ex 4.1 No – 1 )
( a ) If y = ( 1 + x )( 3 – x ), write down the roots of ( 1 + x )( 3 – x ) = 0 and also the value of
y when x = 0.
( b ) Hence sketch the graph of y = ( 1 + x )( 3 – x ) and use it to find the solution set of

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( i ) ( 1 + x )( 3 – x ) ≥ 0 ( ii ) ( 1 + x )( 3 – x ) < 0
( graphical method စကာ့လုဵ့မပါေသားလညး့ sketch the graph ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ graphical
method ်ဖငးံ တျကးခိုငး့်ခငး့ ်ဖစးသညး။ Number line မဆျဲခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ ဆဲျေပ့ရနး မလိပ
ု ါ။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If y = x2 – 4x , find x when y = 0 , and also find y when x = 2. Use a sketch graph to obtain
the solution set of ( a ) x2 – 4x > 0 ( b ) x2 – 4x  0 ( Ex 4.1 No – 2 )( 05 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - No 94 )
( graphical method စကာ့လုဵ့မပါေသားလညး့ Use a sketch graph ဟုေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ graphical
method ်ဖငးံ တျကးခိုငး့်ခငး့ ်ဖစးသညး။ Number line မဆျဲခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ ဆဲျေပ့ရနး မလိပ
ု ါ။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( a ) Solve the equation x2 – x – 6 = 0.
( b ) Use a graphical method, to find the solution set of
( i ) x2 – x – 6 = 0
( ii ) x2 – x – 6  0
( iii ) x2 – x – 6 > 0 ( Ex 4.1 No – 3 ) ( 2008 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - No 66 )
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The function f and g are defined by f( x ) = 2x2 + 4x + 5 , x ∈ R and g( x ) = x + 4 , x ∈ R .
Find the set of value of x for which f ( x ) < g ( x ). ( 2002 ဧရာွတီ No 105 )
( ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Inequation f ( x ) < g ( x ) အာ့ အရငးရြငး့ပါ။ ေနာကးဆုဵ့အဆငးံ ရြငး့်ပီ့လ္ြငး algebric
method / graphical method မေပ့ထာ့သ်ဖငးံ ႀကိဳကးရာနညး့်ဖငးံတျကးပါ။ Number line မဆျဲခိုငး့သ်ဖငးံ
ဆဲျေပ့ရနး မလိုပါ။ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( Ex 4.1 No – 4 ). ( a ) Find the solution set of the inequation ( ---------- ) by mean of algebric
method / graphical method. ( b ) Illustrate it on number line.
အထကးပါပုစာၦမ္ာ့သညး Text ႏြငးံ ေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့မြေမ့ေလံရြိေသာ ေမချနး့ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့်ဖစးသညး။ အထကးပါေမ့ချနး့
မ္ာ့အာ့ လုိအပးသညးံ Sample ပုစာၦမ္ာ့်ဖငးံ တျကး်ပေပ့ပါမညး။
ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ၅ ) ခုရြိသညးံအနကး ေမ့ချနး့ ပုဵစဵ ှ၊ ဿ၊ ၀ တို႔မြာ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာမညီမ္ြ်ခငး့အာ့ Algebric

( သို႔ ) Graphical တစးခုခု်ဖငးံ တျကးခိုငး့သညးံ ရုိ့ရြငး့ေသာ ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစမ
ဵ ္ာ့်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။
( အထကးပါ ပုစာၦ ပုဵစဵ အာ့လုဵ့မြာ အခနး့ 4 အတျကး Sample ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵမ္ာ့်ဖစး်ပီ့ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ Inequation
ေနရာတျငး တနးဖို့ေ်ပာငးသျာ့သညးသာ ကျာ်ခာ့သျာ့ပါမညး။ ပုစာၦပုဵစဵအာ့လုဵ့အတျကး လိုအပးရာပုစာၦမ္ာ့ထုတးႏႈတး၍
Algebric / Graphical Method ႏြစးခုလုဵ့်ဖငးံ တျကး်ပေပ့သျာ့ပါမညး။ )
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2
( 1 ) ႏြစးထပး ± တစးထပး ± ကိနး့ေသ ( ax + bx + c ) ပုဵစဵ Inequation ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( a ) ကျငး့ႏြစးကျငး့ ချဲ်ပီ့သာ့ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i ) x တနးဖို့ ေရြ႕တျငးရြိသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( 1 ) Find the solution set of the inequation ____?_____
( 2 ) Use a graphical method, to find the solution set of the in equation
____?_____. and illustrate it on the number line.
( 3 )Find the solution set of the inequation ____?_____ by algebric method
and illstrate it on the number line
( 4 )( a ) If y = ( ..… )( ….. ), write down the roots of ( ……. )( …… ) = 0 and also the value of y
when x = 0.
( b ) Hence sketch the graph of y = ( ….. )( …… ) and use it to find the solution set of
( i ) ( ……. )( ……. ) ≥ 0 ( ii ) ( ……. )( ……. ) < 0
1. ( x – 4 )( x + 7 ) < 0 ( Text book No 4 - a )

2. ( x – 2 )( x + 3 )  0 ( 2009 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 55 )
3. ( 2x + 3 )( x + 2 ) > 0 ( 2011 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 24 )
4. ( x + 1 )( 2x + 5 ) > 0 ( 2006 ကခ္ငး No 83 )
Answers
𝟑
1. { x / – 7 < x < 4 } 3. { x / x < – 2 or x > – }
𝟐
𝟓
2. { x / – 3  x  2 } 4. { x / x < – or x > – 1 }
𝟐
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အထကးပါပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကးေအာကးတျငး Sample ပုစာၦတစးပုဒးတျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး။ ဤပုစာၦသညးေမ့ချနး့ေဟာငး့ႏြငးံ
Text ထဲမြမဟုတးေသားလညး့ သတိထာ့ရမညးံအခ္ကးမ္ာ့ကို သိေစလိုသ်ဖငးံ ထုတးေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ပုစာၦ ်ဖစးပါသညး။
( 5x – 13 ) ( 7x – 18 ) > 0
By algebric method
Inequation sign ( ႀကီ့ )  ႀကီ့ or ႀကီ့ and ငယး or ငယး
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) > 0
( 5x – 13 < 0 and 7x – 18 < 0 ) or ( 5x – 13 < 0 and 7x – 18 > 0 )
( 5x < 13 and 7x < 18 ) or ( 5x > 13 and 7x > 18 )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
(x < and x< ) or ( x > and x> )
𝟓 𝟕 𝟓 𝟕
or
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ဿ ) ႏြငးံ
𝟕 𝟓 𝟕 𝟓
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟖 ( ၀ ) တို႔အတျကး ဒီ
x< or x< အဆငးံရြာေပ့ရမညး။
𝟕 𝟕
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 Number line
Solution set = { x / x < ( or ) x > }
𝟕 𝟓
18 13
ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ှ ) အတျကး ဒီအဆငးံအထိသာ
7 5

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
ႏြငးံ တို႔တျငး မြာ ပိုငး့ေွတျငး 18 ်ဖစးေန်ပီ့ မြာ ပိုငး့ေွတျငး 13 ်ဖစးေနသ်ဖငးံ
အာ့
𝟕 𝟓 𝟕 𝟓 𝟕
ႀကီ့သညးဟု အထငးမြာ့တတးပါသညး။ဤတနးဖို့ႏြစးခု မညးသညးံတနးဖို့က ႀကီ့သနညး့ကို သိရနးုလုပးရမညးံနညး့
ႏြစမ
း ္ဳိ့ရြိသညး။
( ှ ) ပိုငး့ေွကို ပိုငး့ေ်ခ်ဖငးံ ခ္စာ့သညးံနညး့
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
= 2.571 ႏြငးံ = 2.6
𝟕 𝟓
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
 <
𝟕 𝟓
( ဿ ) ႏြစးခုလုဵ့အာ့ ဘုဵပိုငး့ေ်ခညြိေပ့်ပီ့ ႏိႈငး့ယြဥးသညးံနညး့

𝟏𝟖 𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
=2  = 2 ( 2 ႏြစးခုတူေနသ်ဖငးံ ႏြငးံ ကို အႀကီ့အငယး ခ္ိနးယုူ )
𝟕 𝟕 𝟓 𝟓 𝟕 𝟓
𝟒 𝟐𝟎 𝟑 𝟐𝟏
=  =
𝟕 𝟑𝟓 𝟓 𝟑𝟓
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
 <
𝟕 𝟓
( ၀ ) Solution set ေရ့ရာတျငး greater than / less than မ္ာ့တျငး Equal ပါခ္ငး့မပါခ္ငး့ကို
အထူ့သတိထာ့ပါ။
Y
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) > 0
Solution
By graphical method
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) > 0 y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
let y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
When y = 0 , ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) = 0 234
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x= ( or ) x =
𝟓 𝟕
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
The curve cuts X axis at ( , 0 ) and ( ,0)
𝟓 𝟕
X
When x = 0 , y = ( 0 – 13 )( 0 – 18 ) = 234 O 18 13
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 234 ). 7 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 5x – 13 ) ( 7x – 18 )  0
By algebric method
Inequation sign ( ငယး )  ငယး or ႀကီ့ and ၾကီ့ or ငယး
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) > 0
( 5x – 13  0 and 7x – 18  0 ) or ( 5x – 13  0 and 7x – 18  0 )
( 5x  13 and 7x  18 ) or ( 5x  13 and 7x  18 )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
(x  and x ) or ( x  and x )
𝟓 𝟕 𝟓 𝟕

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 or 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
𝟕 𝟓 𝟕 𝟓
𝟖 𝟏𝟑 ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ဿ ) ႏြငးံ
there is no  x 
or 𝟕 𝟓 ( ၀ ) တို႔အတျကး ဒီ
solution
အဆငးံရြာေပ့ရမညး။
𝟕 𝟓
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ှ ) အတျကး ဒီအဆငးံအထိသာ 𝟕 𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )  0 Y
Solution
By graphical method
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )  0
let y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
When y = 0 , ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) = 0 y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x= ( or ) x = 234
𝟓 𝟕
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
The curve cuts X axis at ( , 0 ) and ( ,0)
𝟓 𝟕
When x = 0 , y = ( 0 – 13 )( 0 – 18 ) = 234
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 234 ). X
O 18 13
7 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ပုဵစဵ - 4 )
( a ) If y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) , write down the roots of ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) = 0 and also
the value of y when x = 0.
( b ) Hence sketch the graph of y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) and use it to find the solution set of
( i ) ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) ≥ 0 ( ii ) ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) < 0
( ပုဵစဵ - 4 သညး ပုဵစဵ 1 / 2 / 3 တို႔အာ့ graphical method ်ဖငးံတျကး်ခငး့ႏြငးံသေဘာတရာ့အတူတူပငး်ဖစးေသား

လညး့ ပုဵစဵအနညး့ငယးကျဲ်ပာ့သညးံ ေမ့ချနး့မ္ဳိ့်ဖစးပါသညး။ဤေမ့ချနး့အာ့ မညးသညးံပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံတျကးရမညးကို ေအာကး
တျငးတျကး်ပထာ့ပါသညး။ )
Solution
( a ) y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
If ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) = 0
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x= ( or ) x =
𝟓 𝟕
If x = 0 , y = ( 0 – 13 )( 0 – 18 ) = 234
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
( b ) The curve cuts X axis at ( , 0 ) and ( , 0 ) and Y axis at ( 0 , 234 )
𝟓 𝟕
( ဤအဆငးံမြစ၍ ေအာကးအဆငးံမ္ာ့မြာ အတူတူပငး ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( ပုဵစဵ - 6 )
( a ) Solve the equation 35x2 – 181x – 234 = 0.
( b ) Use a graphical method, to find the solution set of
( i ) 35x2 – 181x – 234 = 0
( ii ) 35x2 – 181x – 234  0
Y
( iii ) 35x2 – 181x – 234 > 0
Solution
( a ) 35x2 – 181x – 234 = 0
( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 ) = 0
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
x= ( or ) x =
𝟓 𝟕
234
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
( b ) If y = 0 , x = ( or ) x =
𝟓 𝟕
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
The curve cuts X axis at ( , 0 ) and ( , 0 ).
𝟓 𝟕
If x = 0 , y = ( 0 – 13 )( 0 – 18 ) = 234 X
O 18 13
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 234 ).
7 5
( i ) for 35x2 – 181x – 234 = 0

𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
The solution set = { , }
𝟕 𝟓
( ii ) for 35x2 – 181x – 234  0
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
The solution set = { x /  x  }
𝟕 𝟓
( iii ) for 35x2 – 181x – 234 > 0
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
The solution set = { x / x < ( or ) x > }
𝟕 𝟓
အထူ့သတိ်ပဳရနး
နဵပါတး ( b ) မြ Solution Set သုဵ့ခုရြာရနးအတျကး ပုဵ ၀ ပုဵ ဆျဲေပ့ရနးမလိုပဲ ပုဲတစးပုဵတညး့အေပၚအေ်ခခဵ်ပီ့

ထုတးယူရပါမညး။ ေက္ာငး့သာ့အမ္ာ့စုအေန်ဖငးံ Solution Set သုဵ့ခုအတျကး ပုဵ ၀ ပုဵ ဆျဲ်ပီ့ ရြာ်ခငး့မ္ဳိ့
မၾကာခဏ်ပဳလုပးေလံရြိသ်ဖငးံ ဤေမ့ချနး့၏ ေတာငး့ဆိုခ္ကးကို ရြငး့ရြငး့လငး့လငး့ နာ့လညးထာ့ရနးလိုပါသညိ။
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( ii ) x တနးဖို့ ေနာကးတျငးရြိသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. ( 3 – 4x )( 4 – 3x ) > 0 ( Text book No 4 - b ) ( 2011 ကခ္ငး No 31 )
2. ( 4 – 7x )( 7 – 4x )  0 ( 2011 ရခိုငး No 30 )
3. ( 3 – 8x )( 5 – 4x )  0 ( 2011 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 32 )
Answers
𝟑 𝟒 𝟒 𝟕 𝟑 𝟓
1. { x / x  or x ≥ } 2. { x /  x  } 3. { x /  x }
𝟒 𝟑 𝟕 𝟒 𝟖 𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
x တနးဖို့ ေနာကးတျငးရြိသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့

( 13 – 5x )( 18 – 7x )  0
By algebric method
( 13 – 5x )( 18 – 7x )  0
13 – 5x ≥ 0 and 18 – 7x  0 ( or ) 13 – 5x  0 and 18 – 7x ≥ 0
– 5x ≥ – 13 and – 7x  – 18 ( or ) – 5x  – 13 and – 7x ≥ – 18
5x  13 and 7x ≥ 18 ( or ) 5x ≥ 13 and 7x  18
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x  and x≥ ( or ) x≥ and x
𝟓 𝟕 𝟓 𝟕
or
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
𝟕 𝟓 𝟕 𝟓
ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ဿ ) ႏြငးံ
𝟖 𝟏𝟑 there is no
 x  or ( ၀ ) တို႔အတျကး ဒီ
𝟕 𝟓 solution အဆငးံရြာေပ့ရမညး။
𝟕 𝟓
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( ှ ) အတျကး ဒီအဆငးံအထိသာ 𝟕 𝟓
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
( 13 – 5x )( 18 – 7x )  0 Y
By graphical method
( 13 – 5x )( 18 – 7x )  0
let y = ( 13 – 5x )( 18 – 7x )
When y = 0 , ( 13 – 5x )( 18 – 7x ) = 0
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x = 𝟓 ( or ) x = 𝟕
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 234
The curve cuts X axis at ( 𝟓 , 0 ) and ( 𝟕 , 0 )
When x = 0 , y = ( 0 – 13 )( 0 – 18 ) = 234
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 234 ). 18 13
7 5
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 X
Solution set = { x / x < ( or ) x > } O
𝟕 𝟓
y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18
Number line )
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑
𝟕 𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x တနးဖို့ ေနာကးတျငးရြိ်ပီ့ အေပါငး့တစးကျငး့ အႏႈတးတစးကျငး့ ်ဖစးေနသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
By algebric method
( 13 + 5x )( 18 – 7x ) < 0
13 + 5x > 0 and 18 – 7x < 0 ( or ) 13 – 5x < 0 and 18 – 7x > 0
5x > – 13 and – 7x < – 18 ( or ) 5x < – 13 and – 7x > – 18
5x > – 13 and 7x > 18 ( or ) 5x < – 13 and 7x < 18

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x > – and x> ( or ) x < – and x<
𝟓 𝟕 𝟓 𝟕
( or )
13 18 13 18
– –
5 7 5 7
18 13
x> ( or ) x<–
7 5
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
Solution set = { x / x < – ( or ) x > }
𝟓 𝟕
Number line
13 18
–
5 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By graphical method Y
( 13 + 5x )( 18 – 7x )  0
( 13 + 5x )( 18 – 7x )  0
let y = ( 13 + 5x )( 18 – 7x )
When y = 0 , ( 13 + 5x )( 18 – 7x ) = 0 y = ( 5x – 13 )( 7x – 18 )
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
x=– ( or ) x = X
𝟓 𝟕 O 18 13
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖
The curve cuts X axis at ( – , 0 ) and ( ,0) 7 5
𝟓 𝟕
When x = 0 , y = ( 0 + 13 )( 0 – 18 ) = – 234
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , – 234 ).
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟖 –243
Solution set = { x / x  – 𝟓 ( or ) x ≥ }
𝟕
Number line
13 18
–
5 7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( b ) ကျငး့ႏြစးကျငး့ မချဲထာ့ေသာ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
( i ) x2 ေရြ႕တျငး အေပါငး့လကၡဏာ ရြသ
ိ ညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Group ( 1 )
1. x2 – x – 2 > 0 ( 2008 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 57 )
2
2. x – x – 20  0 ( 2008 ရနးကုနး No 56 )
2
3. x – 3x + 2 > 0 ( 2008 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 59 )
2
4. x – 5x + 6 > 0 ( 2010 ပဲခူ့ No 38 )
2
5. x + 5x – 6 < 0 ( 2014 ရခိုငး No 8 )
2
6. x + 6x – 7 ≥ 0 ( 2005 ရခိုငး No 92 )
2
7. x – 7x + 10 < 0 ( 2010 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 43 )

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
8. 2x2 – x – 21 > 0 ( 11 မေကျ့ No 25 )( 06 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 85 )

2
9. 2x + 5x – 12  0 ( 2005 ရနးကုနး No 86 )
2
10. 2x – 7x + 3 ≥ 0 ( 2014 ရနးကုနး No 1 )
2
11. 4x – 12x – 16 > 0 ( 2012 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 22 )
2
12. 20x – 21x + 20 > 0 ( 2008 ရခိုငး No 63 )
2
13. 12 – 25x + 12x  0 ( 2017 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - No 6 )
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Group ( 2 )
14. 3x2 – 5x + 4 > 3 – x2 ( 2012 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 15 )
2
15. x – 5x + 1 < 15 ( 2007 ပဲခူ့ No 71 )
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Group ( 3 )
16. x2 + 2 < 3x ( Text book No 4 - d ) ( 2007 ရခိုငး၊ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 73 )
2
17. 2x – 9  7x ( 2005 ပဲခူ့ No 89 )
2
18. x + 5x > 6 ( 2010 မေကျ့ No 36 )
2
19. x + 2x > 24 ( 2010 ရခိုငး No 41 )
2
20. 2x + 7x ≥ 4 ( 2007 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 75 )
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Group ( 4 )
21. 3x2  x2 – x + 3 ( Eg 3 )
22. 3x2 < x2 – x + 3 ( 2015 ႏိုငင
း ဵ်ခာ့ - No 2 ) ( 2011 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 26 )( 2014 ဧရာွတီ No 6 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group ( 5 )
23. 12x2 ≥ 10 – 7x ( Text book No 4 - c )( 2010 ကခ္ငး No 42 )
2
24. 18x > 45x – 18 ( 2012 ပဲခူ့ No 16 )
25. 2x2 < 7x + 4 ( 2011 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 33 )
2
26. 4x  4x + 3 ( 2005 ဧရာွတီ No 90 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Answers
1. { x / x < – 1 or x > 2 } 2. { x / – 4  x  5 } 3. { x / x < 1 or x > 2 }
4. { x / x < 2 or x > 3 } 5. { x / – 6 < x < 1 } 6. { x / x  – 7 or x ≥ 1 }
𝟕 𝟑
7. { x / 2 < x < 5 } 8. { x / x < – 3 or x > – } 9. { x / – 4  x  }
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
10. { x / x  or x ≥ 3 } 11. { x / x < – 1 or x > 4 }
𝟐
𝟒 𝟓 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏
12. { x / x  or x ≥ – } 13. { x / < x < } 14. { x / x < or x > 1 }
𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝟗
15. { x / – 2 < x < 7 } 16. { x / 1 < x < 2 } 17. { x / – 1 < x < }
𝟐
𝟏
18. { x / x < – 6 or x > 1 } 19. { x / x  – 6or x ≥ 4 } 20. { x / x  – 4 or x  }
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
21. { x / –  x  1 } 22. { x / – < x < 1 } 23. { x / x  – or x ≥ }
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
24. { x / x < or x > 2 } 25. { x / – <x<4} 26. { x / –  x  }
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ii ) x2 ေရြ႕တျငး အႏႈတးလကၡဏာ ရြိသညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Group ( 1 )
1. 12 – 5x – 2x2 ≥ 0 ( Eg 2 )( 13 မေကျ့ No 3 )
2
2. 12 + 5x - 2x > 0 ( 2012 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 21 )
2
3. 2 – x – x > 0 ( 2014 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 2 )
2
4. 6 – x – x > 0 ( 2009 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 54 )
2
5. 12 + x – x ≥ 0 ( 2011 ရနးကုနး No 23 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group ( 2 )
6. 2 + 3x > 5x2 ( Text book No 4 - g )
7. 2 + 3x ≥ 5x2 ( 2012 မေကျ့ No 14 )
8. 8x + 3 < 3x2 ( 2010 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 37 )
2
9. 10 – 7x  12x ( 2006 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ / 2005 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 82 )
2
10. 2 – 3x ≥ 5x ( 2012 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 13 )( 2008 ဧရာွတီ No 61 )( 2008 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 65 )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
Group ( 3 )
11. 8x – 3 ≥ 3x2 + 2 ( 2006 ရနးကုနး No 76 )
2
12. 8x – 3 ≥ 3x + 2 ( 2012 ကခ္ငး No 20 )
13. 8x + 2  3x2 – 1
( 03 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 101 )( 06 ဧရာွတီ No 81 )( 09 မေကျ့ No 47 )( 13 ဧရာွတီ No 6 )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
Answers
𝟑 𝟑
1. { x / – 4  x  } 2. { x / – < x < 4 } 3. { x / – 2 < x < 1 }
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
4. { x / – 3 < x < 2 } 5. { x / – 3  x  4 } 6. { x / –  x  1 }
𝟓
𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐
7. { x / – < x < 1 } 8. { x / x < – or x > 3 } 9. { x / x  – or x ≥ }
𝟓 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
𝟐 𝟓 𝟓
10. { x / x < – 1 or x > } 11. { x / 1  x  } 12. { x / 1  x  }
𝟓 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏
13. { x / x  – or x ≥ 3 }
𝟑
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( c ) ေပ့ထာ့ေသာမညီမ္ြ်ခငး့အာ့ အဆငးံဆငးံရြငး့်ပီ့မြတျကးရမညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Group ( 1 )
1. ( x – 2 )( 5x – 4 ) + 1 > 0 ( Text book No 4 - e )
2. ( x – 2 )( 5x – 4 ) + 1  0 ( 2012 ရခိုင း No 19 )
Answers
1. ( x – 2 )( 5x – 4 ) + 1 > 0
Solution
( x – 2 )( 5x – 4 ) + 1 > 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
5x2 – 14x + 8 + 1 >0

5x2 – 14x + 9 > 0
( x – 1 )( 5x – 9 ) > 0
ေအာကးအဆငးံမ္ာ့မြာ အတူတူပငး်ဖစးပါသညး။
𝟗
Ans; Solution set = { x / x < 1 or x > }
𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ( x – 2 )( 5x – 4 ) + 1  0
( x – 1 ) ( 5x – 9 )  0
𝟗
Ans; Solution set = { x / 1  x  }
𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group ( 2 )
3. ( 2x + 1 )( 3x – 1 ) < 14 ( Text book No 4 - h ) ( 02 ရနးကုနး No 102 )( 09 ရနးကုနး No 45 )
4. ( 2x + 1 )( 3x – 1 ) ≥ 14 (06 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 84 )( 12 ဧရာွတီ No 17 )
5. ( 2x – 1 )( x + 4 ) > 18 ( 2013 ရခိုငး No 8 )
6. ( x – 3 )( x – 1 ) > 15 ( 08 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 62 )
7. ( 1 + x )( 2 – x ) ≥ – 10 ( 2013 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 10 )
8. ( 1 + x )( 6 – x )  – 8 ( 03 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 98 )( 05 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 91 )
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Answers
3. ( 2x + 1 )( 3x – 1 ) < 14 ( Text book No 4 - h )
Solution
( 2x + 1 )( 3x – 1 ) < 14
6x2 + x – 1 < 14
6x2 + x – 15 < 0
( 3x + 5 )( 2x – 3 ) < 0
𝟓 𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / – < x < }
𝟑 𝟐
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------
4. ( 2x + 1 )( 3x – 1 ) ≥ 14
Solution
( 2x + 1 )( 3x – 1 ) ≥ 14
6x2 + x – 1 ≥ 14
6x2 + x – 15 ≥ 0
( 3x + 5 )( 2x – 3 ) ≥ 0
𝟓 𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – or x ≥ }
𝟑 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. ( 2x – 1 )( x + 4 ) > 18
Solution
( 2x – 1 )( x + 4 ) > 18
2x 2 + 7x – 4 > 18
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2x 2 + 7x – 22 > 0
( 2x + 11 )( x – 2 ) > 0
𝟏𝟏
Ans; Solution set = { x / x < – or x > 2 }
𝟐
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------
6. ( x – 3 )( x – 1 ) > 15
Solution
( x – 3 )( x – 1 ) > 15
x 2 – 4x + 3 > 15
x 2 – 4x – 12 > 0
(x+2)(x–6)>0
Ans; Solution set = { x / x < – 2 or x > 6 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. ( 1 + x )( 2 – x ) ≥ – 10
Solution
( 1 + x )( 2 – x ) ≥ – 10
2 – x – x2 ≥ – 10
12 – x – x2 ≥ 0
( 3 – x )( 4 + x ) ≥ 0
Ans; Solution set = { x / – 3  x  4 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. ( 1 + x )( 6 – x )  – 8
Solution
( 1 + x )( 6 – x )  – 8
6 + 5x – x 2  – 8
14 + 5x – x 2  0
( 2 + x )( 5 – x )  0
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – 2 or x ≥ 7 }
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
Group ( 3 )
12. ( 2x – 3 )2  25 ( 2014 ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 10 )
2
13. ( 2x + 1 )  49 ( 2013 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 11 )
2
14. ( 2x – 1 ) ≥ 9 (12 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 18 )
2
15. ( x + 1 ) > 1 ( 2011 ပဲခူ့ No 27 )
2
16. ( 2x + 1 ) > 9 ( 2009 ပဲခူ့ No 49 )
Answers
12. ( 2x – 3 )2  25
Solution
( 2x – 3 )2  25
4x 2 – 12x + 9  25

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
4x 2 – 12x – 16  0
( x + 1 )( 4x – 16 )  0
12. { x / – 1  x  4 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. ( 3x + 1 )2  49
Solution
( 3x + 1 )2  49
9x 2 + 6x + 1  49
9x 2 + 6x – 48  0
3x 2 + 2x – 16  0
( 3x + 8 )( x – 2 )  0
𝟖
Ans; Solution set = { x / – < x < 2 }
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. ( 2x – 1 )2 ≥ 9
Solution
( 2x – 1 )2 ≥ 9
4x 2 – 4x + 1 ≥ 9
4x 2 – 4x – 8 ≥ 0
x2–x–2≥0
( x + 1 )( x – 2 ) ≥ 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. ( x + 1 )2 > 1
Solution
( x + 1 )2 > 1
x 2 + 2x + 1 ≥ 1
x 2 + 2x ≥ 0
x(x+2)≥0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. ( 2x + 1 )2 > 9
Solution
( 2x + 1 )2 ≥ 9
4x 2 + 4x + 1 ≥ 9
4x 2 + 4x – 8 ≥ 0
x2+x–2≥0
( x + 2 )( x – 1 ) ≥ 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group ( 4 )
17. ( 2 – x )2 – 16 ≥ 0 ( 13 ရနးကုနး No 1 )
2
18. ( 2x – 1 ) – 25 < 0 ( 09 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 46 )
2
19. ( x – 6 ) > x ( 2016 ်ပညးတျငး့ - No 3 )
2
20. ( x + 2 ) > 2x + 7 ( 10 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 44 )( 11 ဧရာွတီ No 28 )( 13 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 4 )
2
21. ( x + 1 ) < 10x – 14 ( 2008 ပဲခူ့ No 60 )
2
22. ( x – 4 ) > x – 4 ( 2009 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 48 )
2
23. ( x + 2 ) < 2x + 7 ( 2006 မေကျ့၊ရခိုငး No 78 )
2
24. ( 2x + 1 ) < 4( 2x + 1 ) ( 02 ဧရာွတီ No 105 )( 14 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 4 )
2
25. ( x + 2 )  3( x + 8 ) ( 13 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 7 )( 10 ဧရာွတီ No 39 )
2
26. – 7 + ( 2x + 1 ) ≥ 6x ( 2017 ်ပညးတျငး့ - No 5 )
2
27. x – 2 < ( x – 4 ) ( 2009 ရခိုငး No 52 )
28. 2x + 7 < ( x + 2 )2 ( 2006 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 77 )
2 2
29. 4( 2x – 3 ) ≥ x ( 2013 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 2 )
2 2
30. ( x – 1 )  4x ( 2003 မေကျ့ No 99 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
Answers
17. ( 2 – x )2 – 16 ≥ 0
Solution
( 2 – x )2 – 16 ≥ 0
4 – 4x + x 2 – 16 ≥ 0
x 2 – 4x – 12 ≥ 0
( x + 2 )( x – 6 ) ≥ 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. ( 2x – 1 )2 – 25 < 0
Solution
( 2x – 1 )2 – 25 < 0
4x 2 – 4x + 1 – 25 ≥ 0
4x 2 – 4x – 24 ≥ 0
x2–x–6≥0
( x + 2 )( x – 3 ) ≥ 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
Ans; Solution set = { x / – 2 < x < 3 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. ( x – 6 )2 > x
Solution
( x – 6 )2 > x
x 2 – 12x + 36 > x
x 2 – 13x + 36 > 0
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( x – 4 )( x – 9 ) > 0
Ans; Solution set = { x / x < 4 or x > 9 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. ( x + 2 )2 > 2x + 7
Solution
( x + 2 )2 > 2x + 7
x 2 + 4x + 4 > 2x + 7
x 2 + 2x – 3 > 0
( x + 3 )( x – 1 ) > 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. ( x + 1 )2 < 10x – 14
Solution
( x + 1 )2 < 10x – 14
x 2 + 2x + 1 < 10x – 14
x 2 – 8x + 15 < 0
( x – 3 )( x – 5 ) < 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
Ans; Solution set = { x / 3 < x < 5 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. ( x – 4 )2 > x – 4
Solution
( x – 4 )2 > x – 4
( x – 4 )2 – ( x – 4 ) > 0
( x – 4 )( x – 4 – 1 ) > 0
( x – 4 )( x – 1 ) > 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------
23. ( x + 2 )2 < 2x + 7
Solution
( x + 2 )2 < 2x + 7
x 2 + 4x + 4 < 2x + 7
x 2 + 2x – 3 < 0
( x + 3 )( x – 1 ) < 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24. ( 2x + 1 )2 < 4( 2x + 1 )
Solution
( 2x + 1 )2 < 4( 2x + 1 )
( 2x + 1 )2 – 4( 2x + 1 ) < 0
( 2x + 1 ) ( 2x + 1 – 4 ) < 0
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( 2x + 1 ) ( 2x – 3 )< 0
𝟏 𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / – < x < }
𝟐 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. ( x + 2 )2  3( x + 8 )
Solution
( x + 2 )2  3( x + 8 )
x 2 + 4x + 4  3x + 24
x 2 + x – 20  0
( x + 5 )( x – 4 )  0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
Ans; Solution set = { x / – 5  x  4 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. – 7 + ( 2x + 1 )2 ≥ 6x
Solution
– 7 + ( 2x + 1 )2 ≥ 6x
– 7 + 4x 2 + 4x + 1 ≥ 6x
4x 2 – 2x – 6 ≥ 0
2x 2 – x – 3 ≥ 0
( x + 1 )( 2x – 3 ) ≥ 0 ( Solution Set ကို ဒီအဆငးံက ၾကညးံ၍ယူ )
𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – 1 or x ≥ }
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. x – 2 < ( x – 4 )2
Solution
x – 2 < ( x – 4 )2
( x – 4 )2 > x – 2
x2 – 8x + 16 > x – 2
x2 – 9x + 18 > 0
( x – 3 )( x – 6 ) > 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. 2x + 7 < ( x + 2 )2
Solution
2x + 7 < ( x + 2 )2
( x + 2 )2 > 2x + 7
x2 + 4x + 4 > 2x + 7
x2 + 2x – 3 > 0
( x + 3 )( x – 1 ) > 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. 4( 2x – 3 )2 ≥ x2
Solution
4( 2x – 3 )2 ≥ x2
4( 4x 2 – 12x + 9 ) ≥ x2
16x 2 – 48x + 36 ≥ x2
15x 2 – 48x + 36 ≥ 0
5x 2 – 16x + 12 ≥ 0
( 5x – 6 )( x – 2 ) ≥ 0
𝟔
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  or x ≥ 2 }
𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. ( x – 1 )2  4x2
Solution
( x – 1 )2  4x2
x 2 – 2x + 1  4x2
4x 2 ≥ x2 – 2x + 1
3x 2 + 2x – 1 ≥ 0
( 3x + 1 )( x – 1 ) ≥ 0
𝟏
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – or x ≥ 1 }
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group ( 5 )
31. 4x ( 4 – x ) ≥ 1 ( 2003 ဧရာွတီ No 100 )
32. 2x ( x – 1 )  3 – x ( 06 ပဲခူ့ No 80 )( 09 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 51 )
33. 2x ( 2 – x )  3( x – 2 )
( 07 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 68 )( 03 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 68 )( 10 ရနးကုနး No 34 )( 04 ရခိုငး No 96 )
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------
Answers
31. 4x ( 4 – x ) ≥ 1
Solution
4x ( 4 – x ) ≥ 1
16x – 4x2 ≥ 1
4x2 – 16x  1
4x2 – 16x – 1  0
( 2x – 3 )( 2x – 5 )  0
𝟑 𝟓
Ans; Solution set = { x /  x  }
𝟐 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
32. 2x ( x – 1 )  3 – x
Solution
2x ( x – 1 )  3 – x

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
2x2 – 2x  3 – x
2x2 – x + 3  0
( x + 1 )( 2x – 3 )  0
𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / – 1  x  }
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. 2x ( 2 – x )  3( x – 2 )
Solution
2x ( 2 – x )  3( x – 2 )
2x ( 2 – x ) – 3( x – 2 )  0
– 2x ( x – 2 ) – 3( x – 2 )  0
– ( x – 2 )(2x + 3 )  0
( 2x + 3 )( x – 2 ) ≥ 0
𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / x < – or x > 2 }
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group ( 6 )
34. 2x ( x + 2 )  ( x + 1 )( x + 3 )
( 02 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 103 )( 07 ဧရာွတီ No 72 )( 09 ဧရာွတီ No 50 )
2
35. x ( 2x – 3 ) ≥ ( x – 2 ) ( 2005 ကခ္ငး၊ ရြမး့၊ကယာ့ No 93 )
2
36. x ( 2x – 3 )  ( x – 2 )
( 12 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့၊မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ၊ 13 ရနးကုနး No 70 )( 13 ကခ္ငး No 9 )
3 3
37. ( 1 + 2x ) + ( 1 – 2x ) > – 22 ( 2007 ရနးကုနး No 67 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Answers
34. 2x ( x + 2 )  ( x + 1 )( x + 3 )
Solution
2x ( x + 2 )  ( x + 1 )( x + 3 )
2x2 + 4x  x2 + 4x + 3
x2 – 3  0
(x+ 𝟑)(x– 𝟑) 0
Ans; Solution set = { x / – 𝟑  x  𝟑}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. x ( 2x – 3 ) ≥ ( x2 – 2 )
Solution
x ( 2x – 3 ) ≥ ( x2 – 2 )
2x2 – 3x ≥ x2 – 2
x2 – 3x + 2 ≥ 0
( x – 1 )( x – 2 ) ≥ 0
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  1 or x ≥ 2 }

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. x ( 2x – 3 )  ( x2 – 2 )
Solution
x ( 2x – 3 )  ( x2 – 2 )
2x2 – 3x  x2 – 2
x2 – 3x + 2  0
( x – 1 )( x – 2 )  0
ေအာကးအဆငးံမ္ာ့မြာ အတူတပ
ူ ငး်ဖစးပါသညး။
Ans; Solution set = { x / 1  x  2 }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. ( 1 + 2x )3 + ( 1 – 2x )3 > – 22
( ဤပုစာၦသညး Graphical Method ်ဖငးံတျကးေပ့ရမညးံ ပုစာၦ်ဖစးပါသညး။ )
Solution
( 1 + 2x )3 + ( 1 – 2x )3 > – 22
1 + 3( 2x ) + 3( 2x )2 + ( 2x )3 + 1 – 3( 2x ) + 3( 2x )2 – ( 2x )3 > – 22
1 + 3( 2x )2 + 1 + 3( 2x )2 > – 22
2 + 6 ( 4x2 ) > – 22
24x2 + 24 > 0
x2 + 1 > 0 Y
When y = 0 ,
x2 + 1 = 0 (– 2,5 ) ( 2,5 )
x2 = – 1
y = x2 + 1
x=± – 𝟏  R
( ဤအဆငးံအာ့ေရ့ရနးမလိုပါ။ ) ( 0,1 )
let y = x2 + 1 X
2
O
When y = 5 , x + 1 = 5
x2 = 5 – 1 = 4
x = 2 ( or ) x = – 2
The curve passes through the points ( 2 , 5 ) and ( – 2 , 5 ).
When x = 0 , y = 1
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 1 ). ွငးရို့ကို်ဖတးလ္ြငး cuts ဟု သုဵ့ပါ။
Ans; Solution set = R ွငးရို့မ်ဖတးပဲအမြတးကိုသာ်ဖတးလ္ြငး passes through ဟုသုဵ့ပါ။
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x2 + k ပုဵစဵ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့အတျကး X ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတးမရြိပဲ Y ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတးသာ ရြိပါသညး။ ေပ့ထာ့ေသာမ္ဥး့ေကျ့
( Curve ) အာ့ ဆျဲရနးမြာ အနညး့ဆုဵ့ အမြတးသုဵ့မြတးရြိရမညး်ဖစးသညးံအတျကး အ်ခာ့အမြတးႏြစးခုကိုရြာရနး
k – y = 1 , 4 , 9 ်ဖစးေစမညးံ Y တနးဖို့တစးခုခုယူ်ပီ့ X တနးဖို့ႏြစးခုအာ့ရြာပါ။ x2 + k သညး သုညေအာကး
ငယးပါက ၁ငး့အတျကး Solution Set မြာ ∅ ်ဖစး်ပီ့သုညထကးႀကီ့ပါက ၁ငး့အတျကး Solution Set မြာ R
်ဖစးပါသညး။

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Group ( 7 )
𝟏
38. ( 3x – 5 )2 – 2 ≥ 0 ( Text book No 4 - f )
𝟒
Solution ( 05 မေကျ့ No 88 ) ( 07 မေကျ့ No 69 )( 13 ပဲခူ့ No 5 )
𝟏
( 3x – 5 )2 – 2 ≥ 0
𝟒
𝟗
9x2 – 30x + 25 – ≥ 0
𝟒
36x2 – 120x + 100 – 9 ≥ 0
36x2 – 120x + 91 ≥ 0
( 6x – 7 )( 6x – 13 ) ≥ 0
𝟕 𝟏𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  or x ≥ }
𝟔 𝟔
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟒
39. x2  ( x + 3 ) ( 08 ကခ္ငး No 64 )( 15 ်ပညးတျငး့ - No 1 )( 14 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 7 )
𝟓
𝟒
40. x2 ≥ ( x + 5 ) ( 2010 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 40 )( 2007 ကခ္ငး No 74 )
𝟑
𝟗𝒙+𝟓
41. x2  ( 2014 ကခ္ငး No 9 )( 2014 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 11 - > ေ်ပာငး့ )
𝟐
𝟗𝒙+𝟓
42.  x2 ( 2005 မႏ ၱေလ့ No 87 )
𝟐
𝒙+𝟔
43. x2  𝟐 ( 2004 ကခ္ငး No 97 )
𝟏𝟓−𝟒𝒙
44.  x2 ( 2009 ကခ္ငး No 53 )( 2016 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - No 4 )
𝟒
𝟏
45. ( x – 1 )2 > x + 4 ( 2012 ရနးကုနး No 12 )
𝟒
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Answers
𝟒
39. x2  (x+3)
𝟓
Solution
𝟒
x2  (x+3)
𝟓
5x2  4x + 12
5x2 – 4x – 12  0
( 5x + 6 )( x – 2 )  0
𝟔
Ans; Solution set = { x / –  x  2 }
𝟓
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 𝟒
40. x ≥ ( x + 5 )
𝟑
Solution
𝟒
x2 ≥ ( x + 5 )
𝟑
3x2 ≥ 4x + 20
3x2 – 4x – 20 ≥ 0

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( x + 2 )( 3x – 10 ) ≥ 0
𝟏𝟎
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – 2 or x ≥ }
𝟑
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟗𝒙+𝟓
41. x2  ( 14 ကခ္ငး No 9 )( 14 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ No 11 - > ေ်ပာငး့ )
𝟐
Solution
𝟗𝒙+𝟓
x2 
𝟐
2x2  9x + 5
2x2 – 9x – 5  0
( 2x + 1 )( x – 5 )  0
𝟏
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟗𝒙+𝟓 2
42. x
𝟐
Solution
𝟗𝒙+𝟓
 x2
𝟐
𝟗𝒙+𝟓
x2 ≥
𝟐
2x2 ≥ 9x + 5
2x2 – 9x – 5 ≥ 0
( 2x + 1 )( x – 5 ) ≥ 0
𝟏
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – or x ≥ 5 }
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝒙+𝟔
43. x2  𝟐
Solution
𝒙+𝟔
x2  𝟐
2x2  x + 6
2x2 – x – 6  0
( 2x + 3 )( x – 2 )  0
𝟑
𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏𝟓−𝟒𝒙 2
44.  x
𝟒
Solution
𝟏𝟓−𝟒𝒙
 x2
𝟒

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
𝟏𝟓−𝟒𝒙
x2 ≥
𝟒
4x2 ≥ 15 – 4x
4x2 + 4x – 15 ≥ 0
( 2x + 5 )( 2x – 3 ) ≥ 0
𝟓 𝟑
Ans; Solution set = { x / x  – or x ≥ }
𝟐 𝟐
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
𝟏 2
45. (x+1) >x+4
𝟒
Solution
𝟏
( x + 1 )2 > x + 4
𝟒
( x + 1 )2 > 4x + 16
x2 + 2x + 1 > 4x + 16
x2 – 2x – 15 > 0
( x + 3 )( x – 5 ) > 0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 2 ) ႏြစးထပး ± တစးထပး ( ax2 + bx ) ပုဵစဵ Inequation ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. x2 – 6x ≥ 0 ( 2014 ပဲခူ့ No 5 ) 2. x2 + 4x  0 ( 2004 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 95 )
3. x2 + 2x > 0 4. x2 – 3x < 0
Answers
1. { x / x  – 6 or x ≥ 0 } 2. { x / – 4  x  0 }
( အထကးပါ အုပးစုသညး ေမ့ချနး့ပုဵစဵ ( 5 ) အတျကး ေမ့ႏိုငးသညးံ အုပးစု်ဖစးသညး။ )

If y = x2 – 4x , find x when y = 0 , and also find y when x = 2. Use a sketch graph to obtain
the solution set of (Ex 4.1 No – 2 )( 2005 ႏိုငးငဵ်ခာ့ - No 94 )
2 2
( a ) x – 4x = 0 ( b ) x – 4x > 0 ( c ) x2 – 4x  0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution Y
y = x2 – 4x
when y = 0 , x2 – 4x = 0
x(x–4)=0
( 0,0 ) ( 4,0 )
x = 0 ( or ) x = 4 X
The curve cuts X axis at ( 0,0 ) and ( 4,0 ). O
When x = 2 , y = 22 – 4( 2 ) = 4 – 8 = – 4
The curve passes through the points ( 2 , – 4 ). y = x2 – 4x
( a ) for x2 – 4x = 0
The solution set = { 0 , 4 }
( 2,– 4 )
( b ) for x2 – 4x > 0
The solution set = { x / x < 0 or x > 4 }
Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
( c ) for x2 – 4x  0
The solution set = { x / 0  x  4 }
အထကးပါပုစာၦတျငး ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ x တနးဖို့ x = 2 သညး 0 ႏြငးံ 4 ၾကာ့တျငး ရြိေနသညးကိုေတျ႕ရပါမညး။ အကယး၍
x တနးဖို့သညး 0 ေအာကးငယးေသာတနးဖို့တစးခုခု ( သို႔ ) 4 ထကးၾကီ့ေသာတနးဖို့တစးခုခု ်ဖစးေနလ္ြငး Graph ဆျဲရ
မညးံ အေနအထာ့ကို ေလံလာထာ့ေစခ္ငးပါသညး။
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If y = x2 – 4x , find x when y = 0 , and also find y when x = – 2. Sketch the graph y = x2 – 4x
Solution
Y
y = x2 – 4x
when y = 0 , x2 – 4x = 0
x(x–4)=0
x = 0 ( or ) x = 4
The curve cuts X axis at ( 0,0 ) and ( 4,0 ). (–2 , 12 ) y = x2 – 4x
When x = – 2 , y = (– 2 )2 – 4( – 2 ) = 4 + 8 = 12
The curve passes through the points (– 2 , 12 ).
O
( 4,0 ) X
( 0,0 )
အထကးပါပုဵစဵတျငး X ွငးရို့်ဖတးမြတးႏြစးခု၏ တနးဖို့မေ်ပာငးပဲ အ်ခာ့အမြတးတစးခု၏ တနးဖို့ေ်ပာငး့ ေမ့ထာ့်ခငး့

်ဖစးသညး။ သို႔ေသား ေနာကးဆုဵ့ Solution Set ထုတးယူသညးံအေ်ဖမြာမူ အတူတူပငး်ဖစးပါသညး။ ေအာကးတျငး X
တနးးဖို့ 4 ထကးႀကီ့ေသာ အ်ခာ့အမြတးေနာကးတစးခုအတျကး နမူနာေလံက္ငးံရနး အ်ခာ့ပုစာၦေနာကးတစးပုဒးေပ့ထာ့
ပါသညး။ေလံက္ငးံၾကညးံပါ။
*If y = x2 – 4x , find x when y = 0 , and also find y when x = 6. Sketch the graph y = x2 – 4x
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အကယး၍ အထကးပါပုစာၦအာ့ Algebric Method ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ ေမ့လာမညးဆိုပါက
By algebric method
x2 – 4x > 0
x(x–4)>0
x<0 and x – 4 < 0 ( or ) x>0 and x – 4 > 0
x<0 and x<4 ( or ) x>0 and x>4
( or )
0 4 0 4
x<0 ( or ) x>4
Solution set = { x / x < 0 ( or ) x > 4 }

Number line
0 4
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
bx – ax2 ပုဵစဵ
If y = 4x – x2 , find x when y = 0 , and also find y when x = 2. Use a sketch graph to obtain
the solution set of ( a ) 4x – x2 = 0 ( b ) 4x – x2 > 0 ( c ) 4x – x2  0
Solution
when y = 0 , 4x – x2 = 0 Y
x(4–x)=0
x = 0 ( or ) x = 4 ( 2,4 )
The curve cuts X axis at ( 0,0 ) and ( 4,0 ).
When x = 2 , y = 4( 2 ) – 22 = 8 – 4 = 4 y = 4x – x2
The curve passes through the points ( 0 , 4 ).
( a ) for 4x – x2 = 0
The solution set = { 0 , 4 }
( b ) for 4x – x2 > 0 O
X
The solution set = { x / 0 < x < 4 } ( 0,0 ) ( 4,0 )
( c ) for 4x – x2  0
The solution set = { x / x  0 or x ≥ 4 }
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( 3 ) ႏြစးထပး ± ကိနး့ေသ ( ax2 ± c ) ပုဵစဵ Inequation ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
ax2 – c ပုဵစဵပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. x2 – 4 ≥ 0 ( 2006 စစးကိုငး့၊ခ္ငး့ No 79 )
By algebric method
x2 – 4 > 0
( x + 2 )( x – 2 ) > 0
x + 2 < 0 and x – 2 < 0 ( or ) x + 2 > 0 and x – 2 > 0
x < – 2 and x<2 ( or ) x > – 2 and x>2
( or )
–2 2 –2 2
x < –2 ( or ) x>2 Number line
Solution set = { x / x < – 2 ( or ) x > 2 } –2 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By Graphical Method Y
Solution
x2 – 4 > 0
let y = x2 – 4
When y = 0 , x2 – 4 = 0 O
X
(– 2,0 ) ( 2,0 )
( x + 2 )( x – 2 ) = 0
x = – 2 ( or ) x = 2
The curve cuts X axis at (– 2 , 0 ) and ( 2 , 0 ). y = x2 – 4
( 0,– 4 )
When x = 0 , y = – 4
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , – 4 ).

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Solution set = { x / x < – 2 ( or ) x > 2 }
Number line
–2 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. x2 > 9 ( 2011 မျနး၊ကရငး၊တနသၤာရီ No 29 )
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ဆကးစပးေလံက္ငးံရနး
( i ) x2 – 3 > 0
( ii ) x2 – 6 > 0
( iii ) x2 – a > 0
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ax2 + c ပုဵစဵပုစာၦမ္ာ့
Y
1. x2 + 9 > 0 ( Text book No 4 - i )

x2 + 9 > 0
(– 1,10 ) ( 1,10 )
let y = x2 + 9
When y = 0 , x2 + 9 = 0 y = x2 + 9
x2 = – 9
( 0,9 )
x=± – 𝟗R
( ဤအဆငးံအာ့ေရ့ရနးမလိုပါ။ ) X
O
When y = 10 , x2 + 9 = 10
x2 = 10 – 9 = 1
x = 1 ( or ) x = – 1
The curve passes through the points ( 1 , 10 ) and ( – 1 , 10 ).
When x = 0 , y = 9
The curve cuts Y axis at ( 0 , 9 ).
Ans; Solution set = R

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. x2 + 4 < 0 ( Text book No 4 - j )
Ans; Solution set = ∅
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
ဥာဏးစမး့ပုစာၦမ္ာ့
1. ( 5x – 13 ) ( 7x – 18 ) > 0
2. ( 13 – 5x ) ( 18 – 7x ) < 0
3. x2 – 𝟐 x – 4 > 0
4. 𝟐 x2 + ( 1 – 𝟔 ) x – 𝟑 > 0
5. 𝟑 x2 + ( 𝟓 – 𝟑 ) x – 𝟓 > 0
𝒙+𝟐
6. >0
𝒙−𝟒
𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟑
7. <0
𝟕𝒙−𝟏𝟖
8. ax2 + ( ab – 2 ) x – 2b > 0 where a,b Є J+ and 1 < a < b
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
သတိ်ပဳရနး အခ္ကးမ္ာ့
1. ွငးရို့ႏြစးခု်ဖတးမြတးသညး သုည ( 0 ) မဟုတး / အို ( O ) ဟုေရ့ရမညးကိုသတိထာ့ပါ၊
2. ေပ့ထာ့ေသာညီမ္ြ်ခငး့သညး မညးကဲဵသို႔ေပ့ထာ့သညး်ဖစးေစ ax2 + bx + c </> 0 ပုဵစဵ မ်ဖစးမေန
ေ်ပာငး့်ပီ့မြ တျကးပါ။
3. ပုဵဆျဲရာတျငး မေမံရမညးံအခ္ကးမ္ာ့အာ့ အထူ့သတိ်ပဳပါ။
4. ပုစာၦက မညးသညးံနညး့်ဖငးံ ေ်ဖရြငး့ခိုငး့သနညး့ဆိုသညးဆိုသညးံ ေမ့ချနး့၏ ေတာငး့ဆိုခ္ကးကို
အထူ့သတိထာ့ပါ။ ပုစာၦက
Graphical ်ဖငးံေတာငး့ဆိုသညးကို Algebric ်ဖငးံတျကးမိ်ခငး့မ္ဳိ့
Algebric ်ဖငးံေတာငး့ဆိုသညးကို Graphical ်ဖငးံတျကးမိ်ခငး့မ္ဳိ့ မလုပးမိရနး အထူ့သတိထာ့ပါ၊
5. မညးသညးံနညး့်ဖငးံတျကးပါဟု မေပ့ထာ့လ္ြငးေတာံ ၾကိဳကးရာနညး့်ဖငးံတျကးပါ။
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Grade 10 – Chapter 1 , 2 , 3 , 4

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 1

ေစ့္ဖို့အစု ေစ့္ပစၥညး့အစု ႏိုငးငဵမ္ာ့အစု ၿမိဳ႕ေတားမ္ာ့အစု

500 ဘဲဥ Myanmar Yangon

300 ခရမး့ခ္ဥးသီ့ England Landond

200 ငရုတးသီ့ Japan Tokyo

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 2

500 ဘဲဥ Domain ထဲတျငး

( 2 ) Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့ အာ့လုဵ့ ဆကးသျယးခဵခ္ငးမြ ဆကးသျယးခဵရပါလိမးံမညး။

500 ဘဲဥ Codomain ထဲတျငး

( 3 ) Domain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုသညး Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုထကးပုိ်ပီ့ ဆကးသျယးချငးံ ရြိသညး။

800 ဘဲဥ Domain ထဲရြိ element တစးခုတညး့မြ

300 Codomain ရြိ တစးခုထကးပိုေသာ

( 3 ) Codomain ထဲရြိ အစုွငးတစးခုတညး့သို႔ Domain ထဲရြိ တစးခုထကးပိုေသာအစုွငးမ္ာ့ ဆကးသျယးချငးံ

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 3

 ေရြ႕အစုွငး က္နးခ္ငးက္နးခဲံႏိုငးသလို ေနာကးအစုွငး က္နးခ္ငးက္နးခဲံႏိုငးသညး။

 မညးသညံးအစုွငးႏြငးံ မညးသညးံအစုွငး ဆကးသျယးမညး မဆကးသျယးမညးကို တိက္သညးံ ်ပဌာနး့ခ္ကး

အလိုကးေ်ပာငး့ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးတစးခုတျငး ေရြ႕အစုထဲရြိ ေ်ပာငး့လဲသျာ့ေသာအစုွငးတနးဖို့အလိုကး ေနာကးအစု

1. ေရြ႕အစုွငးမ္ာ့ က္နးခဲံလို႔ မရ။ ( ေနာကးအစုွငးမ္ာ့ က္နးခဲံခ္ငးက က္နးခဲံႏိုငးသညး။ )

1. ေရြ႕အစုမြ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ ်ဖာထျကးလာ့ မ်ဖာထျကးလာ့ၾကညးံ။ ်ဖာရငး Relation

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 4

*** ေနာကးအစုရြိ အစုွငးမ္ာ့သို႔ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကး်မြာ့မ္ာ့ စုဆုဵလာ့ မစုဆုဵလာ့ ၾကညးံစရာမလို function ်ဖစး်ဖစး

*** ေနာကးအစုတျငး ဆကးသျယးရနးအစုွငးမ္ာ့သို႔ က္နးလာ့၊မက္နးလာ့ ၾကညးံစရာမလို function ်ဖစး်ဖစး

ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ function တစးခုေဖား်ပ်ခငး့နညး့လမး့မ္ာ့ႏြငးံ function တစးခု၏ အစိတးအပိုငး့မ္ာ့ကို ေလံလာ

1. Arrow diagram ( အစုႏြစးခုၾကာ့ ်မႇာ့ညႊနးဆကးသျယး်ခငး့်ဖငးံ )

2. Verbal statement ( စာ်ဖငးံ )

1 is is one fifth of 5 , 2 is is one fifth of 10 ဟုေရ့ႏိုငသ

ေပ့ထာ့ေသာ ဖနးရြငးသညး " is one fifth of " ဖနးရြငး်ဖစးသညး ဟု အမညးတပးႏိုငးပါသညး။

4. Table form ( ဇယာ့ပုဵစဵ်ဖငးံ )

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 5

A = Domain B = Codomain C = Range

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 6

f : Domain  Codomain ႏြငးံ f is a function from Domain to Codomain. တို႔်ဖစးၾကပါသညး။

f:AB f is a function from A to B

အထကးပါဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့တျငး အစု A ထဲရြိ 1 ေလ့မြ အစု B ထဲရြိ 2 ေလ့သို႔ ်မြာ့်ဖငးံ ညႊနး်ပဆကးသျယး

f:1 ↦2 is read as f map 1 to 2 and 1∈A,2∈B

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 7

2 = the image of 1 , 4 = the image of 2 , 6 = the image of 4 , y = the image of x

ဆကးလကး်ပီ့ function ဆုိငးရာ အသုဵ့အႏႈနး့မ္ာ့၏ ဆငးံကဲ်ဖစးေပၚလာပုဵကိုေလံလာၾကညးံမညးဆိုလ္ြငး

ေနာကးအစုရြိ 2 ေလ့သညး ေရြ႕အစုရြိ 1 ေလ့၏ ဆကးသျယးခ္ကးေလ့ ်ဖစးသညး

“the function of 1 is ( equal to ) 2 ”

ဟု ေရ့ပါမညး။ ပုိ်ပီ့က္စးလ္စးေအာငး ေရ့မညးဆိုလ္ြငး

ဟုေရ့ႏိုငးမညး်ဖစးသညး။ သို႕ေသား သခ္ၤာသညး အတိုခ္ဳဵေရ့သာ့ေလံရြိသညးံ ဘာသာရပး ်ဖစးသ်ဖငးံ

the function of 1 = f ( 1 ) = 2 ဟုေရ့ႏိုငးပါမညး

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 8

ဟု ေဖား်ပႏိုငးမညး ်ဖစးသညး။ အထကးပါေဖား်ပခ္ကးမြတစးဆငးံ 1 သညး domain ထဲရြိေသားလညး့ f ( 1 ) သညး

Codomain ထဲတျငး ရြိသညး f( x )

 2 သညး domain ထဲရြိေသားလညး့ f ( 2 ) သညး Codomain ထဲတျငး ရိြသညး။

where x ∈ domain and f ( x ) ∈ codomain.

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 9

( 2 ) element ႏြငးံ image အတျဲမ္ာ့ ေပ့ထာ့်ပီ့ formula ရြာခိုငး့သညးံ ပုစာၦမ္ာ့ဟူ၍ ချဲ်ခာ့ႏိုငးပါသညး။

ဖနးရြငးတစးခု၏ ေဖား်မဴလာကို ရြာယူပုဵ ရြာယူနညး့မြာ

KoAungLwinOo ( T.F.S – Education Website ) Page 10

Quadratic function မ္ာ့ကို ဂရပးဆျဲလ္ြငး Parabola ပုဵ ( ပေစာကးပုဵ / ဂငယးပုဵ ) ရသညး။

Identity function မ္ာ့သညး linear function မ္ာ့ပငး ်ဖစးသညး။

f ( x ) တနးဖို့ “ကိနး့ေသ” ်ဖစးေနသညးံ function မ္ာ့

ဥပမာ - f ( x ) = 3 , f ( x ) = log 30 , f ( x ) = ln 2 , f ( x ) = k where k is constant , f ( x ) = 

Constant function မ္ာ့သညးလညး့ linear function မ္ာ့ပငး ်ဖစးသညး။